Production, characterization and kinetic model of biosurfactant produced by lactic acid bacteria

Biotechnological potential of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Shirota for bioemulsifier, bacteriocin and lipase production

This study aimed to evaluate the biotechnological potential of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Shirota to produce biosurfactants/bioemulsifiers, lipase, and bacteriocins. The production of biosurfactants/bioemulsifiers was evaluated through a central composite rotational design (CCRD) 22. L. paracasei produced bioemulsifiers using MRS supplemented with 4.8% glycerol and pH 6 or 7. In addition, the culture supernatants of L. paracasei were tested for antioxidant, antidiabetic, and lipolytic activities. The tested supernatants did not exhibit antioxidant activity. On the other hand, they showed inhibitory activity for amyloglucosidase (20.7% and 23.9%) and lipolytic activity (16.12 and 19.00 U/mL). In addition, a CCRD 23 was performed to evaluate the production of bacteriocins. The peptone and lactose concentration variables, as well as pH positively influenced the production of bacteriocins by L. paracasei. In conclusion, L. paracasei is a viable source of antidiabetic metabolites, bacteriocins, bioemulsifiers, and lipase, suggesting that they are promising to be applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, environmental, food, and biomedical industries.

Exploring the potential of lactic acid bacteria and its molecular mechanism of action in the development of biosurfactants: Current finding and future outlook

Biosurfactants generated from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offer an advantage over standard microbial surfactants due to their antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral capabilities. Many LAB strains have been related to the manufacture of biosurfactant, an essential chemical with uses in the treatment of a number of illnesses. Furthermore, their effectiveness as anti-adhesive agents against a diverse variety of pathogens proves their utility as anti-adhesive coating agents for medical insertional materials, reducing hospital infections without the need of synthetic drugs and chemicals. LAB produces both low and high molecular weight biosurfactants. Biosurfactants from L. pentosus, L. gasseri and L. jensenii have been reported to produce glycolipopeptides that comprise carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the ratio of 1:3:6 with palmitic, stearic acid, and linoelaidic acid as the major fatty acid component, whereas L. plantarum has been reported to make surlactin due to the presence of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes (NRPS) genes. Antimicrobial activity of sophorolipids and rhamnolipids generated from LAB against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes and E. coli has been demonstrated. The safety of biosurfactants is being evaluated in compliance with a number of regulatory standards that emphasize the importance of safety in the pharmaceutical industry. This review attempts, for the first time, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of several approaches for the synthesis of biosurfactant-mediated molecular modulation in terms of their biological value. Future biosurfactant directions, as well as regulatory considerations that are crucial for the synthesis of biosurfactants from novel LAB, have also been explored.

Unveiling the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of biosurfactant produced by newly isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain 1625

The present study aimed to characterize the biosurfactants synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) obtained from fermented foods, optimize the conditions for increasing the yield of biosurfactants and explore their antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential. Out of the 26 LAB isolates, isolate BS2 showed the highest biosurfactant production as indicated in the oil displacement test, drop collapse and emulsification activity. BS2 was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1625 using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The biosurfactant produced by BS2 was identified as an anionic glycol-lipo-proteins by employing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The biosurfactants produced by L. plantarum 1625 demonstrated strong antibacterial and antibiofilm characteristics against pathogenic strains such as Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 1049, Escherichia coli MTCC 1587, and Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1655. The minimal inhibition concentration value of antibacterial activity was found to be 0.1 mg/mL with the inhibition percentage ranging from 90 to 95%. Further, the effect of temperature, pH, and substrate composition on biosurfactant production was also studied to enhance it production using the Box-Behnken Design approach of Response surface methodology (RSM). Application of biosurfactant led to a considerable decrease in biofilm-forming harmful bacteria, as proven by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results highlight the potential uses of biosurfactants in distinct industries, and biotechnological contexts, especially in the creation of new antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.

An Insightful Overview of Microbial Biosurfactant: A Promising Next-Generation Biomolecule for Sustainable Future

Microbial biosurfactant is an emerging vital biomolecule of the 21st century. They are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms and possess unique properties to reduce surface tension activity. The use of microbial surfactants spans most of the industrial fields due to their biodegradability, less toxicity, being environmentally safe, and being synthesized from renewable sources. These would be highly efficient eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum-derived surfactants that would open up new approaches to research on the production of biosurfactants. In the upcoming era, biobased surfactants will become a dominating multifunctional compound in the world market. Research on biosurfactants ranges from the search for novel microorganisms that can produce new molecules, structural and physiochemical characterization of biosurfactants, and fermentation process for enhanced large-scale productivity and green applications. The main goal of this review is to provide an overview of the recent state of knowledge and trends about microbially derived surfactants, various aspects of biosurfactant production, definition, properties, characteristics, diverse advances, and applications. This would lead a long way in the production of biosurfactants as globally successful biomolecules of the current century.

Enhancement of Electricity Production in Microbial Fuel Cells Using a Biosurfactant-Producing Co-Culture

Microbial fuel cells are bio-electrochemical devices that enable the conversion of chemical energy into bioelectricity. In this manuscript, the use of biosurfactants (Tween 80 and surfactin) and the effect of coculturing E. coli and L. plantarum were used to investigate the generation of bioelectricity coming from an H-type microbial fuel cell. In this setup, E. coli acts as an electron donor while L. plantarum acts as an in situ biosurfactant producer. It was observed that the use of exogenous surfactants enhanced electricity production compared to conventional E. coli cultures. The utilization of Tween 80 and surfactin increased the power generation from 204 µW m-2 to 506 µW m-2 and 577 µW m-2, respectively. Furthermore, co-culturing E. coli and L. plantarum also resulted in a higher power output compared to pure cultures (132.8% more when compared to using E. coli alone and 68.1% more when compared to using L. plantarum alone). Due to the presence of surfactants, the internal resistance of the cell was reduced. The experimental evidence collected here clearly indicates that the production of endogenous surfactants, as well as the addition of exogenous surfactants, will enhance MFC electricity production.

Comparative analysis of exopolysaccharide-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with ropy and non-ropy phenotypes on the gel properties and protein conformation of fermented milk

In this study, we evaluated the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with ropy and non-ropy phenotypes on gel structure and protein conformation of fermented milk. Ropy L. plantarum (T1 & CL80) secreted EPS with high molecular weight (1.41 × 10⁶, 1.19 × 10⁶ Da) and intrinsic viscosity (486.46, 316.32 mL/g), effectively enhances fermented milk viscosity and water holding capacity (WHC) (65.4%, 84.6%) by forming a dense gel structure. Non-ropy L. plantarum (CSK & S-1A) fermented milk gel's high surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl content caused high hardness and low WHC. Raman spectroscopy combined with circular dichroism analysis showed that high levels of α-helix (29.32-30.31%) and random roil (23.06-25.36%) protein structures are the intrinsic factors that contribute to the difference among fermented milk gels of ropy and non-ropy strains. This study provides a basis for understanding the structural variability of fermented milk gels using ropy or non-ropy lactic acid bacteria.

Formulation of a glycolipid:lipopeptide mixture as biosurfactant-based dispersant and development of a low-cost glycolipid production process

Biosurfactant-based dispersants were formulated by mixing glycolipids from Weissella cibaria PN3 and lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis GY19 to enhance the synergistic effect and thereby achieve hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The proportions of each biosurfactant and dispersant-to-oil ratios (DORs) were varied to obtain the appropriated formulations. The most efficient glycolipid:lipopeptide mixtures (F1 and F2) had oil displacement activities of 81–88% for fuel and crude oils. The baffled flask test of these formulations showed 77–79% dispersion effectiveness at a DOR of 1:25. To reduce the cost of the dispersant, this study optimized the glycolipid production process by using immobilized cells in a stirred tank fermenter. Semicontinuous glycolipid production was carried out conveniently for 3 cycles. Moreover, food wastes, including waste coconut water and waste frying oil, were found to promote glycolipid production. Glycolipids from the optimized process and substrates had similar characteristics but 20–50% lower cost than those produced from basal medium with soybean oil in shaking flasks. The lowest cost dispersant formulation (F2*) contained 10 g/L waste-derived cell-bound glycolipid and 10 g/L lipopeptide and showed high dispersion efficiency with various oils. Therefore, this biosurfactant-based dispersant could be produced on a larger scale for further application.

Biosurfactant production by Lactobacillus plantarum MGL-8 from mango waste

AIMS

Enhancing biosurfactant production from indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum MGL-8 using mango waste substrate, and evaluating its characteristics as food sanitiser.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Mango juice (a mixture of mango paste, sucrose, glycerol, and deionised water) was used for batch fermentation with L. plantarum MGL-8 (L-MJ) and uninoculated (MC-MJ). Agitation, aeration, and temperature were controlled. Maximum Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) growth was observed in MC-MJ and L-MJ at 48 h, and the L-MJ fermentation provided the highest biosurfactant yield of 4.22 g l^-1 at 120 h. The dried crude biosurfactant (BSF) provided surface tension 36.6 mN m^-1 , a maximum emulsification index (E24%) of 41% and zone of inhibition of 15.53 mm. Preliminary characterisation by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) indicated a multi-component glycolipoprotein BSF associated with fatty dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, proteins, and polysaccharides. The BSF also displayed bactericidal activity against Listeria monocytogenes at 400 µg ml^-1 .

CONCLUSIONS

Mango waste substrate enhanced biosurfactant production by indigenous L. plantarum MGL-8.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

The study identifies a production process and characteristics of the biosurfactant, which can be employed as a food sanitiser.