1
|
Han J, Dong H, Zhu T, Wei Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lv Y, Mu H, Huang S, Zeng K, Xu J, Ding J. Biochemical hallmarks-targeting antineoplastic nanotherapeutics. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:427-454. [PMID: 39044728 PMCID: PMC11263727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments (TMEs) have received increasing attention in recent years as they play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastases, and resistance to the traditional modalities of cancer therapy like chemotherapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, effective antineoplastic nanotherapeutics targeting the aberrant hallmarks of TMEs have been proposed. The appropriate design and fabrication endow nanomedicines with the abilities for active targeting, TMEs-responsiveness, and optimization of physicochemical properties of tumors, thereby overcoming transport barriers and significantly improving antineoplastic therapeutic benefits. This review begins with the origins and characteristics of TMEs and discusses the latest strategies for modulating the TMEs by focusing on the regulation of biochemical microenvironments, such as tumor acidosis, hypoxia, and dysregulated metabolism. Finally, this review summarizes the challenges in the development of smart anti-cancer nanotherapeutics for TME modulation and examines the promising strategies for combination therapies with traditional treatments for further clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - He Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Yu Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Shandeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, 100 Haining Street, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mironova E, Molinas S, Pozo VD, Bandyopadhyay AM, Lai Z, Kurmashev D, Schneider EL, Santi DV, Chen Y, Kurmasheva RT. Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Talazoparib and Temozolomide in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2041. [PMID: 38893160 PMCID: PMC11171327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are among the most aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancies affecting infants, originating in the kidney, brain, liver, and soft tissues. The 5-year event-free survival rate for these cancers is a mere 20%. In nearly all cases of MRT, the SMARCB1 gene (occasionally SMARCA4)-a pivotal component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex-is homozygously deleted, although the precise etiology of these tumors remains unknown. While young patients with localized MRT generally show improved outcomes, especially those who are older and have early-stage disease, the overall prognosis remains poor despite optimal standard treatments. This highlights the urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. We investigated the antitumor activity of a PARP1 inhibitor (talazoparib, TLZ) combined with a DNA alkylating agent (temozolomide, TMZ) in MRT xenograft models. PARP1 is a widely targeted molecule in cancer treatment and, beyond its role in DNA repair, it participates in transcriptional regulation by recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes to modulate DNA accessibility for RNA polymerases. To widen the therapeutic window of the drug combination, we employed PEGylated TLZ (PEG~TLZ), which has been reported to reduce systemic toxicity through slow drug release. Remarkably, our findings indicate that five out of six MRT xenografts exhibited an objective response to PEG~TLZ+TMZ therapy. Significantly, the loss of SMARCB1 was found to confer a protective effect, correlating with higher expression levels of DNA damage and repair proteins in SMARCB1-deficient MRT cells. Additionally, we identified MGMT as a potential biomarker indicative of in vivo MRT response to PEG~TLZ+TMZ therapy. Moreover, our analysis revealed alterations in signaling pathways associated with the observed antitumor efficacy. This study presents a novel and efficacious therapeutic approach for MRT, along with a promising candidate biomarker for predicting tumor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mironova
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sebastian Molinas
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vanessa Del Pozo
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abhik M. Bandyopadhyay
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Dias Kurmashev
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raushan T. Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
White MJ, Cheatham L, Wen S, Scarfe G, Cidado J, Reimer C, Hariparsad N, Jones RDO, Drew L, McGinnity DF, Vasalou C. A PKPD Case Study: Achieving Clinically Relevant Exposures of AZD5991 in Oncology Mouse Models. AAPS J 2023; 25:66. [PMID: 37380821 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Capturing human equivalent drug exposures preclinically is a key challenge in the translational process. Motivated by the need to recapitulate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of the clinical stage Mcl-1 inhibitor AZD5991 in mice, we describe the methodology used to develop a refined mathematical model relating clinically relevant concentration profiles to efficacy. Administration routes were explored to achieve target exposures matching the clinical exposure of AZD5991. Intravenous infusion using vascular access button (VAB) technology was found to best reproduce clinical target exposures of AZD5991 in mice. Exposure-efficacy relationships were evaluated, demonstrating that dissimilar PK profiles result in differences in target engagement and efficacy outcomes. Thus, these data underscore the importance of accurately ascribing key PK metrics in the translational process to enable clinically meaningful predictions of efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J White
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Letitia Cheatham
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shenghua Wen
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graeme Scarfe
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Cidado
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Corinne Reimer
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niresh Hariparsad
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhys D O Jones
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Drew
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dermot F McGinnity
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Vasalou
- AstraZeneca Research and Development Boston: AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nair L, Mukherjee S, Kaur K, Murphy CM, Ravichandiran V, Roy S, Singh M. Multi compartmental 3D breast cancer disease model–recapitulating tumor complexity in in-vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130361. [PMID: 37019341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common ailment among women. In 2020, it had the highest incidence of any type of cancer. Many Phase II and III anti-cancer drugs fail due to efficacy, durability, and side effects. Thus, accelerated drug screening models must be accurate. In-vivo models have been used for a long time, but delays, inconsistent results, and a greater sense of responsibility among scientists toward wildlife have led to the search for in-vitro alternatives. Stromal components support breast cancer growth and survival. Multi-compartment Transwell models may be handy instruments. Co-culturing breast cancer cells with endothelium and fibroblasts improves modelling. The extracellular matrix (ECM) supports native 3D hydrogels in natural and polymeric forms. 3D Transwell cultured tumor spheroids mimicked in-vivo pathological conditions. Tumor invasion, migration, Trans-endothelial migration, angiogenesis, and spread are studied using comprehensive models. Transwell models can create a cancer niche and conduct high-throughput drug screening, promising future applications. Our comprehensive shows how 3D in-vitro multi compartmental models may be useful in producing breast cancer stroma in Transwell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Souvik Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni, Bilaspur,(C.G 495009, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sinenko IL, Turnell-Ritson RC, Munier FL, Dyson PJ. The predictive capacity of in vitro preclinical models to evaluate drugs for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Exp Eye Res 2023; 230:109447. [PMID: 36940901 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a rare childhood cancer of the eye. Of the small number of drugs are used to treat retinoblastoma, all have been repurposed from drugs developed for other conditions. In order to find drugs or drug combinations better suited to the improved treatment of retinoblastoma, reliable predictive models are required, which facilitate the challenging transition from in vitro studies to clinical trials. In this review, the research performed to date on the development of 2D and 3D in vitro models for retinoblastoma is presented. Most of this research was undertaken with a view to better biological understanding of retinoblastoma, and we discuss the potential for these models to be applied to drug screening. Future research directions for streamlined drug discovery are considered and evaluated, and many promising avenues identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina L Sinenko
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, CH-1004, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland C Turnell-Ritson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis L Munier
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, CH-1004, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu W, Cui Y, Zheng X, Yu K, Sun G. Application status and future prospects of the PDX model in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098581. [PMID: 37035154 PMCID: PMC10080030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent, fatal, and highly heterogeneous diseases that, seriously threaten human health. Lung cancer is primarily caused by the aberrant expression of multiple genes in the cells. Lung cancer treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in developing therapeutic agents for lung cancer as well as a biomarker for its early diagnosis. Nonetheless, the alternative applications of traditional pre-clinical models (cell line models) for diagnosis and prognosis prediction are constrained by several factors, including the lack of microenvironment components necessary to affect cancer biology and drug response, and the differences between laboratory and clinical results. The leading reason is that substantial shifts accrued to cell biological behaviors, such as cell proliferative, metastatic, invasive, and gene expression capabilities of different cancer cells after decades of growing indefinitely in vitro. Moreover, the introduction of individualized treatment has prompted the development of appropriate experimental models. In recent years, preclinical research on lung cancer has primarily relied on the patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model. The PDX provides stable models with recapitulate characteristics of the parental tumor such as the histopathology and genetic blueprint. Additionally, PDXs offer valuable models for efficacy screening of new cancer drugs, thus, advancing the understanding of tumor biology. Concurrently, with the heightened interest in the PDX models, potential shortcomings have gradually emerged. This review summarizes the significant advantages of PDXs over the previous models, their benefits, potential future uses and interrogating open issues.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanaka K, Kato I, Dobashi Y, Imai JI, Mikami T, Kubota H, Ueno H, Ito M, Ogawa S, Nakahata T, Takita J, Toyoda H, Ogawa C, Adachi S, Watanabe S, Goto H. The first Japanese biobank of patient-derived pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenograft models. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3814-3825. [PMID: 35879192 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of practical resources in Japan has limited preclinical discovery and testing of therapies for pediatric relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which has poor outcomes. Here, we established 57 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid ll2rgtm1Sug /ShiJic (NOG) mice and created a biobank by preserving PDX cells including 3 extramedullary relapsed ALL PDXs. We demonstrated that our PDX mice and PDX cells mimicked the biological features of relapsed ALL and that PDX models reproduced treatment-mediated clonal selection. Our PDX biobank is a useful scientific resource for capturing drug sensitivity features of pediatric patients with ALL, providing an essential tool for the development of targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Children's Cancer Group, Relapsed ALL Committee
| | - Yuu Dobashi
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Mikami
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemi Toyoda
- Japan Children's Cancer Group, Relapsed ALL Committee.,Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Japan Children's Cancer Group, Relapsed ALL Committee.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Japan Children's Cancer Group, Relapsed ALL Committee.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumstel S, Schreiber T, Goldstein L, Stenzel J, Lindner T, Joksch M, Zhang X, Wendt EHU, Schönrogge M, Krause B, Vollmar B, Zechner D. Targeting pancreatic cancer with combinatorial treatment of CPI-613 and inhibitors of lactate metabolism. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266601. [PMID: 35452495 PMCID: PMC9032382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death, with a 5-year survival rate of 10%. A stagnant high mortality rate over the last decades highlights the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Pancreatic tumors pursue an altered metabolism in order to maintain energy generation under low nutrient influx and hypoxic conditions. Targeting these metabolic strategies might therefore be a reasonable therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer. One promising agent is CPI- 613, a potent inhibitor of two enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The present study evaluated the anti-cancerous efficacy of CPI-613 in combination with galloflavin, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor or with alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, an inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporters. The efficacy of both combination therapies was tested in vitro on one human and two murine pancreatic cancer cell lines and in vivo in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. Tumor progression was evaluated by MRI and 18F-FDG PET-CT. Both combinatorial treatments demonstrated in vitro a significant inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induction of cell death. In contrast to the in vitro results, both combination therapies did not significantly reduce tumor growth in vivo. The in vitro results suggest that a combined inhibition of different metabolic pathways might be a promising approach for cancer therapy. However, the in vivo experiments indicate that applying a higher dosage or using other drugs targeting these metabolic pathways might be more promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kumstel
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim Schreiber
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lea Goldstein
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Joksch
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Edgar Heinz Uwe Wendt
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Schönrogge
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zechner
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mehrabian A, Mashreghi M, Dadpour S, Badiee A, Arabi L, Hoda Alavizadeh S, Alia Moosavian S, Reza Jaafari M. Nanocarriers Call the Last Shot in the Treatment of Brain Cancers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221080974. [PMID: 35253549 PMCID: PMC8905056 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221080974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our brain is protected by physio-biological barriers. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) main mechanism of protection relates to the abundance of tight junctions (TJs) and efflux pumps. Although BBB is crucial for healthy brain protection against toxins, it also leads to failure in a devastating disease like brain cancer. Recently, nanocarriers have been shown to pass through the BBB and improve patients’ survival rates, thus becoming promising treatment strategies. Among nanocarriers, inorganic nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, polymers, micelles, and dendrimers have reached clinical trials after delivering promising results in preclinical investigations. The size of these nanocarriers is between 10 and 1000 nm and is modified by surface attachment of proteins, peptides, antibodies, or surfactants. Multiple research groups have reported transcellular entrance as the main mechanism allowing for these nanocarriers to cross BBB. Transport proteins and transcellular lipophilic pathways exist in BBB for small and lipophilic molecules. Nanocarriers cannot enter via the paracellular route, which is limited to water-soluble agents due to the TJs and their small pore size. There are currently several nanocarriers in clinical trials for the treatment of brain cancer. This article reviews challenges as well as fitting attributes of nanocarriers for brain tumor treatment in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mehrabian
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saba Dadpour
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alia Moosavian
- School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Restoring Tumour Selectivity of the Bioreductive Prodrug PR-104 by Developing an Analogue Resistant to Aerobic Metabolism by Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C3. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121231. [PMID: 34959631 PMCID: PMC8707548 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PR-104 is a phosphate ester pre-prodrug that is converted in vivo to its cognate alcohol, PR-104A, a latent alkylator which forms potent cytotoxins upon bioreduction. Hypoxia selectivity results from one-electron nitro reduction of PR-104A, in which cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) plays an important role. However, PR-104A also undergoes ‘off-target’ two-electron reduction by human aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), resulting in activation in oxygenated tissues. AKR1C3 expression in human myeloid progenitor cells probably accounts for the dose-limiting myelotoxicity of PR-104 documented in clinical trials, resulting in human PR-104A plasma exposure levels 3.4- to 9.6-fold lower than can be achieved in murine models. Structure-based design to eliminate AKR1C3 activation thus represents a strategy for restoring the therapeutic window of this class of agent in humans. Here, we identified SN29176, a PR-104A analogue resistant to human AKR1C3 activation. SN29176 retains hypoxia selectivity in vitro with aerobic/hypoxic IC50 ratios of 9 to 145, remains a substrate for POR and triggers γH2AX induction and cell cycle arrest in a comparable manner to PR-104A. SN35141, the soluble phosphate pre-prodrug of SN29176, exhibited superior hypoxic tumour log cell kill (>4.0) to PR-104 (2.5–3.7) in vivo at doses predicted to be achievable in humans. Orthologues of human AKR1C3 from mouse, rat and dog were incapable of reducing PR-104A, thus identifying an underlying cause for the discrepancy in PR-104 tolerance in pre-clinical models versus humans. In contrast, the macaque AKR1C3 gene orthologue was able to metabolise PR-104A, indicating that this species may be suitable for evaluating the toxicokinetics of PR-104 analogues for clinical development. We confirmed that SN29176 was not a substrate for AKR1C3 orthologues across all four pre-clinical species, demonstrating that this prodrug analogue class is suitable for further development. Based on these findings, a prodrug candidate was subsequently identified for clinical trials.
Collapse
|
11
|
Battaglia L, Scomparin A, Dianzani C, Milla P, Muntoni E, Arpicco S, Cavalli R. Nanotechnology Addressing Cutaneous Melanoma: The Italian Landscape. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1617. [PMID: 34683910 PMCID: PMC8540596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, with a low survival for the metastatic stage. Currently, clinical melanoma treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, innovative therapeutic regimens concern the administration of multitarget drugs in tandem, in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, also, if this drug combination is clinically relevant, the patient's response is not yet optimal. In this scenario, nanotechnology-based delivery systems can play a crucial role in the clinical treatment of advanced melanoma. In fact, their nano-features enable targeted drug delivery at a cellular level by overcoming biological barriers. Various nanomedicines have been proposed for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, and a relevant number of them are undergoing clinical trials. In Italy, researchers are focusing on the pharmaceutical development of nanoformulations for malignant melanoma therapy. The present review reports an overview of the main melanoma-addressed nanomedicines currently under study in Italy, alongside the state of the art of melanoma therapy. Moreover, the latest Italian advances concerning the pre-clinical evaluation of nanomedicines for melanoma are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Scomparin
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
- . Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Paola Milla
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heinrich MA, Mostafa AMRH, Morton JP, Hawinkels LJAC, Prakash J. Translating complexity and heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor: 3D in vitro to in vivo models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:265-293. [PMID: 33895214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective therapeutics against PDAC. However only a fraction of therapeutics which seemed promising in the laboratory environment will eventually reach the clinic. One of the main reasons behind this low success rate is the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, a highly fibrotic and dense stroma surrounding tumor cells, which supports tumor progression as well as increases the resistance against the treatment. In particular, the growing understanding of the PDAC TME points out a different challenge in the development of efficient therapeutics - a lack of biologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models that resemble the complexity and heterogeneity of PDAC observed in patients. The purpose and scope of this review is to provide an overview of the recent developments in different in vitro and in vivo models, which aim to recapitulate the complexity of PDAC in a laboratory environment, as well to describe how 3D in vitro models can be integrated into drug development pipelines that are already including sophisticated in vivo models. Hereby a special focus will be given on the complexity of in vivo models and the challenges in vitro models face to reach the same levels of complexity in a controllable manner. First, a brief introduction of novel developments in two dimensional (2D) models and ex vivo models is provided. Next, recent developments in three dimensional (3D) in vitro models are described ranging from spheroids, organoids, scaffold models, bioprinted models to organ-on-chip models including a discussion on advantages and limitations for each model. Furthermore, we will provide a detailed overview on the current PDAC in vivo models including chemically-induced models, syngeneic and xenogeneic models, highlighting hetero- and orthotopic, patient-derived tissues (PDX) models, and genetically engineered mouse models. Finally, we will provide a discussion on overall limitations of both, in vitro and in vivo models, and discuss necessary steps to overcome these limitations to reach an efficient drug development pipeline, as well as discuss possibilities to include novel in silico models in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed M R H Mostafa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kalra J, Baker J, Song J, Kyle A, Minchinton A, Bally M. Inter-Metastatic Heterogeneity of Tumor Marker Expression and Microenvironment Architecture in a Preclinical Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6336. [PMID: 34199298 PMCID: PMC8231937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical drug development studies rarely consider the impact of a candidate drug on established metastatic disease. This may explain why agents that are successful in subcutaneous and even orthotopic preclinical models often fail to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. It is reasonable to anticipate that sites of metastasis will be phenotypically unique, as each tumor will have evolved heterogeneously with respect to gene expression as well as the associated phenotypic outcome of that expression. The objective for the studies described here was to gain an understanding of the tumor heterogeneity that exists in established metastatic disease and use this information to define a preclinical model that is more predictive of treatment outcome when testing novel drug candidates clinically. METHODS Female NCr nude mice were inoculated with fluorescent (mKate), Her2/neu-positive human breast cancer cells (JIMT-mKate), either in the mammary fat pad (orthotopic; OT) to replicate a primary tumor, or directly into the left ventricle (intracardiac; IC), where cells eventually localize in multiple sites to create a model of established metastasis. Tumor development was monitored by in vivo fluorescence imaging (IVFI). Subsequently, animals were sacrificed, and tumor tissues were isolated and imaged ex vivo. Tumors within organ tissues were further analyzed via multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) for Her2/neu expression, blood vessels (CD31), as well as a nuclear marker (Hoechst) and fluorescence (mKate) expressed by the tumor cells. RESULTS Following IC injection, JIMT-1mKate cells consistently formed tumors in the lung, liver, brain, kidney, ovaries, and adrenal glands. Disseminated tumors were highly variable when assessing vessel density (CD31) and tumor marker expression (mkate, Her2/neu). Interestingly, tumors which developed within an organ did not adopt a vessel microarchitecture that mimicked the organ where growth occurred, nor did the vessel microarchitecture appear comparable to the primary tumor. Rather, metastatic lesions showed considerable variability, suggesting that each secondary tumor is a distinct disease entity from a microenvironmental perspective. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that more phenotypic heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment exists in models of metastatic disease than has been previously appreciated, and this heterogeneity may better reflect the metastatic cancer in patients typically enrolled in early-stage Phase I/II clinical trials. Similar to the suggestion of others in the past, the use of models of established metastasis preclinically should be required as part of the anticancer drug candidate development process, and this may be particularly important for targeted therapeutics and/or nanotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalra
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Applied Research Centre, Langara, Vancouver, BC V5Y 2Z6, Canada
- Department Anesthesia Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Baker
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Justin Song
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Alastair Kyle
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrew Minchinton
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Marcel Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Nanomedicine Innovation Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kurino T, Matsuda R, Terui A, Suzuki H, Kokubo T, Uehara T, Arano Y, Hisaka A, Hatakeyama H. Poor outcome with anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody due to poor pharmacokinetic properties in PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-sensitive mouse models. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000400. [PMID: 32041818 PMCID: PMC7057431 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (aPD-1) and antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (aPD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved. Even though aPD-1 and aPD-L1 mAbs target the same PD-1/PD-L1 axis, it is still unclear whether both mAbs exert equivalent pharmacological activity in patients who are sensitive to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, as there is no direct comparison of their pharmacokinetics (PK) and antitumor effects. Therefore, we evaluated the differences between both mAbs in PK and therapeutic effects in PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-sensitive mouse models. Methods Herein, murine breast MM48 and colon MC38 xenografts were used to analyze the pharmacological activity of aPD-1 and aPD-L1 mAbs. The PK of the mAbs in the tumor-bearing mice was investigated at low and high doses using two radioisotopes (Indium-111 and Iodine-125) to evaluate the accumulation and degradation of the mAbs. Results aPD-1 mAb showed antitumor effect in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the tumor model was sensitive to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, whereas aPD-L1 mAb failed to suppress tumor growth. The PK study showed that aPD-L1 mAb was accumulated largely in normal organs such as the spleen, liver, and kidney, resulting in low blood concentration and low distributions to tumors at a low dose, even though the tumors expressed PD-L1. Sufficient accumulation of aPD-L1 mAb in tumors was achieved by administration at a high dose owing to the saturation of target-mediated binding in healthy organs. However, degradation of aPD-L1 mAb in tumors was greater than that of aPD-1 mAb, which resulted in poor outcome presumably due to less inhibition of PD-L1 by aPD-L1 mAb than that of PD-1 by aPD-1 mAb. Conclusion According to the PK studies, aPD-1 mAb showed linear PK, whereas aPD-L1 mAb showed non-linear PK between low and high doses. Collectively, the poor PK characteristics of aPD-L1 mAb caused lower antitumor activity than of aPD-1 mAb. These results clearly indicated that aPD-L1 mAb required higher doses than aPD-1 mAb in clinical setting. Thus, targeting of PD-1 would be more advantageous than PD-L1 in terms of PK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kurino
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayu Terui
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kokubo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pernik MN, Bird CE, Traylor JI, Shi DD, Richardson TE, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids for Precision Oncology Treatment. J Pers Med 2021; 11:423. [PMID: 34067714 PMCID: PMC8156513 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of three-dimensional human organoids has opened the door for the development of patient-derived cancer organoid (PDO) models, which closely recapitulate parental tumor tissue. The mainstays of preclinical cancer modeling include in vitro cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, but these models lack the cellular heterogeneity seen in human tumors. Moreover, xenograft establishment is resource and time intensive, rendering these models difficult to use to inform clinical trials and decisions. PDOs, however, can be created efficiently and retain tumor-specific properties such as cellular heterogeneity, cell-cell and cell-stroma interactions, the tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic responsiveness. PDO models and drug-screening protocols have been described for several solid tumors and, more recently, for gliomas. Since PDOs can be developed in clinically relevant time frames and share many characteristics of parent tumors, they may enhance the ability to provide precision oncologic care for patients. This review explores the current literature on cancer organoids, highlighting the history of PDO development, organoid models of glioma, and potential clinical applications of PDOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Pernik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (M.N.P.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.)
| | - Cylaina E. Bird
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (M.N.P.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.)
| | - Jeffrey I. Traylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (M.N.P.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.)
| | - Diana D. Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Timothy E. Richardson
- Biggs Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Samuel K. McBrayer
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Kalil G. Abdullah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (M.N.P.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.)
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghilu S, Kurmasheva RT, Houghton PJ. Developing New Agents for Treatment of Childhood Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities for Preclinical Testing. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071504. [PMID: 33916592 PMCID: PMC8038510 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing new therapeutics for the treatment of childhood cancer has challenges not usually associated with adult malignancies. Firstly, childhood cancer is rare, with approximately 12,500 new diagnoses annually in the U.S. in children 18 years or younger. With current multimodality treatments, the 5-year event-free survival exceeds 80%, and 70% of patients achieve long-term “cure”, hence the overall number of patients eligible for experimental drugs is small. Childhood cancer comprises many disease entities, the most frequent being acute lymphoblastic leukemias (25% of cancers) and brain tumors (21%), and each of these comprises multiple molecular subtypes. Hence, the numbers of diagnoses even for the more frequently occurring cancers of childhood are small, and undertaking clinical trials remains a significant challenge. Consequently, development of preclinical models that accurately represent each molecular entity can be valuable in identifying those agents or combinations that warrant clinical evaluation. Further, new regulations under the Research to Accelerate Cures and Equity for Children Act (RACE For Children Act) will change the way in which drugs are developed. Here, we will consider some of the limitations of preclinical models and consider approaches that may improve their ability to translate therapy to clinical trial more accurately.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Li Q, Noureen N, Fang Y, Kurmasheva R, Houghton PJ, Wang X, Zheng S. PCAT: an integrated portal for genomic and preclinical testing data of pediatric cancer patient-derived xenograft models. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:D1321-D1327. [PMID: 32810235 PMCID: PMC7778893 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality in children, the relative rarity of pediatric cancers poses a significant challenge for developing novel therapeutics to further improve prognosis. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, which are usually developed from high-risk tumors, are a useful platform to study molecular driver events, identify biomarkers and prioritize therapeutic agents. Here, we develop PDX for Childhood Cancer Therapeutics (PCAT), a new integrated portal for pediatric cancer PDX models. Distinct from previously reported PDX portals, PCAT is focused on pediatric cancer models and provides intuitive interfaces for querying and data mining. The current release comprises 324 models and their associated clinical and genomic data, including gene expression, mutation and copy number alteration. Importantly, PCAT curates preclinical testing results for 68 models and 79 therapeutic agents manually collected from individual agent testing studies published since 2008. To facilitate comparisons of patterns between patient tumors and PDX models, PCAT curates clinical and molecular data of patient tumors from the TARGET project. In addition, PCAT provides access to gene fusions identified in nearly 1000 TARGET samples. PCAT was built using R-shiny and MySQL. The portal can be accessed at http://pcat.zhenglab.info or http://www.pedtranscriptome.org.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juechen Yang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Qilin Li
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nighat Noureen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yanbing Fang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,School of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Raushan Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Suri R, Zimmerman JW, Burkhart RA. Modeling human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for translational research: current options, challenges, and prospective directions. ANNALS OF PANCREATIC CANCER 2020; 3:17. [PMID: 33889840 PMCID: PMC8059695 DOI: 10.21037/apc-20-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with one of the lowest survival rates. Early detection, an improved understanding of tumor biology, and novel therapeutic discoveries are needed in order to improve overall patient survival. Scientific progress towards meeting these goals relies upon accurate modeling of the human disease. From two-dimensional (2D) cell lines to the advanced modeling available today, we aim to characterize the critical tools in efforts to further understand PDAC biology. The National Center for Biotechnology Information's PubMed and the Elsevier's SCOPUS were used to perform a comprehensive literature review evaluating preclinical human-derived PDAC models. Keywords included pancreatic cancer, PDAC, preclinical models, KRAS mutations, xenograft, co-culturing fibroblasts, co-culturing lymphocytes and PDAC immunotherapy Initial search was limited to articles about PDAC and was then expanded to include other gastrointestinal malignancies where information may complement our effort. A supervised review of the key literature's references was utilized to augment the capture of relevant data. The discovery and refinement of techniques enabling immortalized 2D cell culture provided the cornerstone for modern cancer biology research. Cell lines have been widely used to represent PDAC in vitro but are limited in capacity to model three-dimensional (3D) tumor attributes and interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Xenografts are an alternative method to model PDAC with improved capacity to understand certain aspects of 3D tumor biology in vivo while limited by the use of immunodeficient mice. Advances of in vitro modeling techniques have led to 3D organoid models for PDAC biology. Co-culturing models in the 3D environment have been proposed as an efficient modeling system for improving upon the limitations encountered in the standard 2D and xenograft tumor models. The integrated network of cells and stroma that comprise PDAC in vivo need to be accurately depicted ex vivo to continue to make progress in this disease. Recapitulating the complex tumor microenvironment in a preclinical model of human disease is an outstanding and urgent need in PDAC. Definitive characterization of available human models for PDAC serves to further the core mission of pancreatic cancer translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reecha Suri
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn W. Zimmerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Burkhart
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh R, Kozhich A, Pan C, Lee F, Cardarelli P, Vangipuram R, Iyer R, Marathe P. A novel semi-mechanistic tumor growth fraction model for translation of preclinical efficacy of anti-glypican 3 antibody drug conjugate to human. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:319-333. [PMID: 32678919 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The growing fraction (GF) of tumor has been reported as one of the predictive markers of the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Therefore, a semi-mechanistic model has been developed that describes tumor growth on the basis of cell cycle, allowing the incorporation of the GF of a tumor in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling. Efficacy data of anti-glypican 3 (GPC3) antibody drug conjugate (ADC) in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient derived xenograft (PDX) model was used for evaluation of this proposed model. Our model was able to describe the kinetics of growth inhibition of HCC PDX models following treatment with anti-GPC3 ADC remarkably well. The estimated tumurostatic concentrations were used in tandem with human PKs translated from cynomolgus monkey for prediction of the efficacious dose. The projected efficacious human dose of anti-GPC3 ADC was in the range 0.20-0.63 mg/kg for the Q3W dosing regimen, with a median dose of 0.50 mg/kg. This publication is the first step in evaluating the applicability of GF in PK/PD modeling of ADCs. The authors are hopeful that incorporation of GF will result in an improved translation of the preclinical efficacy of ADCs to clinical settings and thereby better prediction of the efficacious human dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Singh
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexander Kozhich
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chin Pan
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Francis Lee
- Oncology Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pina Cardarelli
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Rangan Vangipuram
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Rama Iyer
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Punit Marathe
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Klokov D. Plasma levels of serum amyloid A1 and mortality after exposure to high-dose radiation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:661. [PMID: 32617281 PMCID: PMC7327329 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Klokov
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiotoxicology, Department of Research on Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang Y, Lu Y, Vadlamudi M, Zhao S, Felmlee M, Rahimian R, Guo X. Intrapulmonary inoculation of multicellular spheroids to construct an orthotopic lung cancer xenograft model that mimics four clinical stages of non-small cell lung cancer. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 104:106885. [PMID: 32531198 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer leads in mortality among all types of cancer in US and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer. Mice models of lung cancer based on subcutaneous or orthotopic inoculation of cancer cell suspension do not adequately mimic the progression of lung cancer in clinic. METHODS A549-iRFP cells (human NSCLC adenocarcinoma) were cultured to form multicellular spheroids (MCS), which were then inoculated intrapulmonarily into male athymic nude mice. The xenograft cancer development was monitored by in vivo fluorescent imaging and validated by open-chest anatomy, ex vivo fluorescent imaging, and histological studies. RESULTS The newly developed orthotopic xenograft model of lung cancer simulated all four clinical stages of NSCLC progression over one month: Stage 1) localized tumor at the inoculation site, Stage 2) multiple tumor nodules or larger tumor nodule on the same side of the lung, Stage 3) cancer growth on heart surface, and Stage 4) metastatic cancer on both sides of the lung. The model yielded high rates of postoperative survival (100%) and parenchymal tumor establishment (88.9%). The roughness of the inoculated MCS associated negatively with the time needed to develop metastatic cancer (p = .0299). DISCUSSION This new orthotopic xenograft model of NSCLC would facilitate the development of medications to treat lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Mallika Vadlamudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Shen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Melanie Felmlee
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Su T, Yang B, Gao T, Liu T, Li J. Polymer nanoparticle-assisted chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920915978. [PMID: 32426046 PMCID: PMC7222269 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920915978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease characterized by highly dense stroma fibrosis. Only 15-20% of patients with pancreatic cancer have resectable tumors, and only around 20% of them survive to 5 years. Traditional cancer treatments have little effect on their prognosis, and successful surgical resection combined with effective perioperative therapy is the main method for maximizing long-term survival. For this reason, chemotherapy is an adjunct treatment for resectable cancer and is the main therapy for incurable pancreatic cancer, including metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, there are various side effects of chemotherapeutic medicine and low drug penetration because the complex tumor microenvironment limits the application of chemotherapy. As a novel strategy, polymer nanoparticles make it possible to target the tumor microenvironment, release cytotoxic agents through various responsive reactions, and thus overcome the treatment barrier. As drug carriers, polymer nanoparticles show marked advantages, such as increased drug delivery and efficiency, controlled drug release, decreased side effects, prolonged half-life, and evasion of immunogenic blockade. In this review, we discuss the factors that cause chemotherapy obstacles in pancreatic cancer, and introduce the application of polymer nanoparticles to treat pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianren Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Houghton PJ, Kurmasheva RT. Challenges and Opportunities for Childhood Cancer Drug Development. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:671-697. [PMID: 31558580 PMCID: PMC6768308 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.016972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer in children is rare with approximately 15,700 new cases diagnosed in the United States annually. Through use of multimodality therapy (surgery, radiation therapy, and aggressive chemotherapy), 70% of patients will be "cured" of their disease, and 5-year event-free survival exceeds 80%. However, for patients surviving their malignancy, therapy-related long-term adverse effects are severe, with an estimated 50% having chronic life-threatening toxicities related to therapy in their fourth or fifth decade of life. While overall intensive therapy with cytotoxic agents continues to reduce cancer-related mortality, new understanding of the molecular etiology of many childhood cancers offers an opportunity to redirect efforts to develop effective, less genotoxic therapeutic options, including agents that target oncogenic drivers directly, and the potential for use of agents that target the tumor microenvironment and immune-directed therapies. However, for many high-risk cancers, significant challenges remain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Raushan T Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tseng CH, Huang WT, Chew CH, Lai JK, Tu SH, Wei PL, Lee KY, Lai GM, Chen CC. Electrospun Polylactic Acid (PLLA) Microtube Array Membrane (MTAM)-An Advanced Substrate for Anticancer Drug Screening. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040569. [PMID: 30769818 PMCID: PMC6416630 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The advent of personalized cancer treatment resulted in the shift from the administration of cytotoxic drugs with broad activity spectrum to a targeted tumor-specific therapy. Aligned to this development, the focus of this study revolved around the application of our novel and patented microtube array membrane (MTAM) in the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed an HFA (hollow fiber assay) assay; hereinafter known as MTAM/HFA. Electrospun poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) MTAM was sterilized and loaded with cell lines/patient derived tumor cells (PDTC) and subcutaneously implanted into the backs of BALB/C mice. Anticancer drugs were administered at the respective time points and the respective MTAMs were retrieved and the viability tumor cells within were quantified with the MTT assay. Results revealed that the MTAMs were excellent culture substrate for various cancer cell lines and PDTCs (patient derived tumor cells). Compared to traditional HFA systems that utilize traditional hollow fibers, MTAM/HFA revealed superior drug sensitivity for a wide range of anticancer drug classes. Additionally, the duration for each test was <14 days; all this while capable of producing similar trend outcome to the current gold-standard xenograft models. These benefits were observed in both the in vitro and in vivo stages, making it a highly practical phenotypic-based solution that could potentially be applied in personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- MTAMTech corporation, 17th floor, 3rd Yuanqu Street, Nangang District, Taipei 11503, Taiwan.
| | - Chee Ho Chew
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Kai Lai
- MTAMTech corporation, 17th floor, 3rd Yuanqu Street, Nangang District, Taipei 11503, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsin Tu
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan.
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 250, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 250, Taiwan.
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 250, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- MTAMTech corporation, 17th floor, 3rd Yuanqu Street, Nangang District, Taipei 11503, Taiwan.
- Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 250, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Spiegelberg L, Houben R, Niemans R, de Ruysscher D, Yaromina A, Theys J, Guise CP, Smaill JB, Patterson AV, Lambin P, Dubois LJ. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs and (lack of) clinical progress: The need for hypoxia-based biomarker patient selection in phase III clinical trials. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 15:62-69. [PMID: 30734002 PMCID: PMC6357685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-activated prodrugs have yielded promising results up to phase II trials. Implementation of hypoxia-activated prodrugs in the clinic has not been successful. Phase III clinical trials lack patient stratification based on tumor hypoxia status. Stratification will decrease the number of patients needed and increase success. Improvements in hypoxia-activated prodrug design can also increase success rates.
Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) are designed to specifically target the hypoxic cells of tumors, which are an important cause of treatment resistance to conventional therapies. Despite promising preclinical and clinical phase I and II results, the most important of which are described in this review, the implementation of hypoxia-activated prodrugs in the clinic has, so far, not been successful. The lack of stratification of patients based on tumor hypoxia status, which can vary widely, is sufficient to account for the failure of phase III trials. To fully exploit the potential of hypoxia-activated prodrugs, hypoxia stratification of patients is needed. Here, we propose a biomarker-stratified enriched Phase III study design in which only biomarker-positive (i.e. hypoxia-positive) patients are randomized between standard treatment and the combination of standard treatment with a hypoxia-activated prodrug. This implies the necessity of a Phase II study in which the biomarker or a combination of biomarkers will be evaluated. The total number of patients needed for both clinical studies will be far lower than in currently used randomize-all designs. In addition, we elaborate on the improvements in HAP design that are feasible to increase the treatment success rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Spiegelberg
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Houben
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymon Niemans
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher P Guise
- Translational Therapeutics Team, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey B Smaill
- Translational Therapeutics Team, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Translational Therapeutics Team, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Immunotherapy is one of the most exciting recent breakthroughs in the field of cancer treatment. Many different approaches are being developed and a number have already gained regulatory approval or are under investigation in clinical trials. However, learning from the past, preclinical animal models often insufficiently reflect the physiological situation in humans, which subsequently causes treatment failures in clinical trials. Due to species-specific differences in most parts of the immune system, the transfer of knowledge from preclinical studies to clinical trials is eminently challenging. Human tumor cell line-based or patient-derived xenografts in immunocompromised mice have been successfully applied in the preclinical testing of cytotoxic or molecularly targeted agents, but naturally these systems lack the human immune system counterpart. The co-transplantation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or hematopoietic stem cells is employed to overcome this limitation. This review summarizes some important aspects of the different available tumor xenograft mouse models, their history, and their implementation in drug development and personalized therapy. Moreover, recent progress, opportunities and limitations of different humanized mouse models will be discussed.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang J, Dong H, Liu J, Zheng N, Xie X, Jia L. The Evaluation of Animal Models in the Development of Anticancer Agents: From Preclinical to Clinical Tests. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:277-284. [PMID: 30117392 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180817095331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main reasons for most of the anticancer drugs to fail in the late preclinical testing and early clinical trials is the differences in drug effects observed from animals and patients, and the challenge has been to find a balance to reduce the inherent differences from species. OBJECTIVE Predicting safe starting doses and dosing schedules for human clinical trials is the main purpose of toxicological studies of anticancer drugs. METHODS Relevant information and data were assimilated from manuscripts, congress publications, and online sources. RESULTS We systematically overview the cons and pros of animal models and briefed the ways to determine human clinical starting doses derived from animal toxicological studies for anticancer drugs. CONCLUSION This information helps smart select the suitable predictive model for anti-cancer drugs with the different mechanisms and emphasized the pharmaceutical challenges behind and ahead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ning Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Izumchenko E, Paz K, Ciznadija D, Sloma I, Katz A, Vasquez-Dunddel D, Ben-Zvi I, Stebbing J, McGuire W, Harris W, Maki R, Gaya A, Bedi A, Zacharoulis S, Ravi R, Wexler LH, Hoque MO, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Pass H, Peled N, Davies A, Morris R, Hidalgo M, Sidransky D. Patient-derived xenografts effectively capture responses to oncology therapy in a heterogeneous cohort of patients with solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:2595-2605. [PMID: 28945830 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) offer a powerful modality for translational cancer research, a precise evaluation of how accurately patient responses correlate with matching PDXs in a large, heterogeneous population is needed for assessing the utility of this platform for preclinical drug-testing and personalized patient cancer treatment. Patients and methods Tumors obtained from surgical or biopsy procedures from 237 cancer patients with a variety of solid tumors were implanted into immunodeficient mice and whole-exome sequencing was carried out. For 92 patients, responses to anticancer therapies were compared with that of their corresponding PDX models. Results We compared whole-exome sequencing of 237 PDX models with equivalent information in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, demonstrating that tumorgrafts faithfully conserve genetic patterns of the primary tumors. We next screened PDXs established for 92 patients with various solid cancers against the same 129 treatments that were administered clinically and correlated patient outcomes with the responses in corresponding models. Our analysis demonstrates that PDXs accurately replicate patients' clinical outcomes, even as patients undergo several additional cycles of therapy over time, indicating the capacity of these models to correctly guide an oncologist to treatments that are most likely to be of clinical benefit. Conclusions Integration of PDX models as a preclinical platform for assessment of drug efficacy may allow a higher success-rate in critical end points of clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, R&D, Baltimore
| | - K Paz
- Champions Oncology, R&D, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - I Sloma
- Champions Oncology, R&D, Baltimore, USA
| | - A Katz
- Champions Oncology, R&D, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - I Ben-Zvi
- Champions Oncology, R&D, Baltimore, USA
| | - J Stebbing
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - W McGuire
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - W Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - R Maki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - A Gaya
- Guy's and St Thomas' Cancer Center, London
| | - A Bedi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, R&D, Baltimore
| | - S Zacharoulis
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Harley Street Clinic, Sutton, UK
| | - R Ravi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, R&D, Baltimore
| | - L H Wexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - M O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, R&D, Baltimore
| | | | - H Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - N Peled
- Research and Detection Unit for Thoracic malignancies, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Davies
- Champions Oncology, R&D, Baltimore, USA
| | - R Morris
- Champions Oncology, R&D, Baltimore, USA
| | - M Hidalgo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, R&D, Baltimore.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Caetano-Oliveira R, Gomes MA, Abrantes AM, Tavares-Silva E, Oliveira MC, Laranjo M, Queirós DB, Casalta-Lopes J, Pires S, Carvalho L, Gouveia R, Santos PR, Priolli DG, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. Revisiting colorectal cancer animal model - An improved metastatic model for distal rectosigmoid colon carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:89-99. [PMID: 29628185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent and fatal cancer in Western countries. Understanding its biology with different incidence along the colon and rectum, genetic profile and how these factors contribute to local/distant progression, has been hampered by the lack of a suitable CRC model. We report a reproducible model, using human CRC cell lines (CL) (WiDr, LS1034, C2BBe1) injected (1 × 107 cells/animal) in RNU rats (n = 55) which underwent cecostomy and descending colostomy with mucosal-cutaneous fistula of the sigmoid colon. CL were characterized by immunohistochemistry: CK20, CDX2, P53, vimentin, Ki67, CD44, CD133, E-cadherin, β-catenin and CEA; cancer stem cells-immune system interaction was studied and tumor progression was assessed with nuclear medicine imaging (99mTc-MIBI). Animals developed locally invasive tumors and with WiDr neural invasion was registered. Cancer stem cells were detected in WiDr (CD44 positive). All the cell lines stimulated the immune system, being WiDr the most aggressive. Imaging studies demonstrated tumor uptake. With this CRC model we can study the microenvironment role and tumor-stroma interactions. All CL developed primary disease, but only the WiDR established neural invasion which may represent a metastatic pathway. This model can help unveiling the underlying metastatic mechanisms, and ultimately test better therapeutic approaches for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Caetano-Oliveira
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Pathology Department, University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edgar Tavares-Silva
- Surgery A Department, University Hospital (CHUC), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Carvalho Oliveira
- Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Débora Basílio Queirós
- Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital (CHUC), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Salomé Pires
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Gouveia
- Thanatology Service of the National Institute of Legal Medicine (Center Delegation), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues Santos
- Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Denise Gonçalves Priolli
- Postgraduate Program Strictu Senso in Health Science, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal; Surgery A Department, University Hospital (CHUC), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bousquet G, El Bouchtaoui M, Sophie T, Leboeuf C, de Bazelaire C, Ratajczak P, Giacchetti S, de Roquancourt A, Bertheau P, Verneuil L, Feugeas JP, Espié M, Janin A. Targeting autophagic cancer stem-cells to reverse chemoresistance in human triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35205-35221. [PMID: 28445132 PMCID: PMC5471047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for the role of cancer stem-cells in drug resistance, but with few in situ studies on human tumor samples to decipher the mechanisms by which they resist anticancer agents.Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most severe sub-type of breast cancer, occurring in younger women and associated with poor prognosis even when treated at a localized stage.We investigated here the relationship between complete pathological response after chemotherapy and breast cancer stem-cell characteristics in pre-treatment biopsies of 78 women with triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC).We found that chemoresistance was associated with large numbers of breast cancer stem-cells, and that these cancer stem-cells were neither proliferative nor apoptotic, but in an autophagic state related to hypoxia. Using relevant pharmacological models of patient-derived TNBC xenografts, we further investigated the role of autophagy in chemoresistance of breast cancer stem-cells. We demonstrated that hypoxia increased drug resistance of autophagic TNBC stem-cells, and showed that molecular or chemical inhibition of autophagic pathway was able to reverse chemoresistance.Our results support breast cancer stem-cell evaluation in pre-treatment biopsies of TNBC patients, and the need for further research on autophagy inhibition to reverse resistance to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Bousquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Villetaneuse, France.,AP, HP, Avicenne, Service Oncologie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Leboeuf
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Cédric de Bazelaire
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,AP HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ratajczak
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne de Roquancourt
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,AP HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bertheau
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,AP HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Verneuil
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Espié
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,AP HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Centre Maladies Sein, Paris, France
| | - Anne Janin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Pathologie, Paris, France.,INSERM, Paris, France.,AP HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service Pathologie, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Davies AH, Wang Y, Zoubeidi A. Patient-derived xenografts: A platform for accelerating translational research in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:17-24. [PMID: 28315377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been renewed interest in the development and characterization of patient-derived tumour xenograft (PDX) models. Numerous PDX models have been established for prostate cancer and, importantly, retain the principal molecular, genetic, and histological characteristics of the donor tumour. As such, these models provide significant improvements over standard cell line xenograft models for biological studies, preclinical drug development, and personalized medicine strategies. This review summarizes the current state of the art in this field, illustrating the opportunities and limitations of PDX models in translational prostate cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair H Davies
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Moreira L, Bakir B, Chatterji P, Dantes Z, Reichert M, Rustgi AK. Pancreas 3D Organoids: Current and Future Aspects as a Research Platform for Personalized Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 5. [PMID: 29541683 PMCID: PMC5849862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Although important advances have been made in the last decade, the mortality rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has not changed appreciably. This review summarizes a rapidly emerging model of pancreatic cancer research, focusing on 3-dimensional organoids as a powerful tool for several applications, but above all, representing a step toward personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Moreira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Basil Bakir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zahra Dantes
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Anil K. Rustgi, MD, 951 Biomedical Research Building II/III, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. fax: (215) 573–5412.951 Biomedical Research Building II/IIIUniversity of Pennsylvania415 Curie BoulevardPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dai Y, Xu C, Sun X, Chen X. Nanoparticle design strategies for enhanced anticancer therapy by exploiting the tumour microenvironment. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3830-3852. [PMID: 28516983 PMCID: PMC5521825 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00592f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanovehicles can efficiently carry and deliver anticancer agents to tumour sites. Compared with normal tissue, the tumour microenvironment has some unique properties, such as vascular abnormalities, hypoxia and acidic pH. There are many types of cells, including tumour cells, macrophages, immune and fibroblast cells, fed by defective blood vessels in the solid tumour. Exploiting the tumour microenvironment can benefit the design of nanoparticles for enhanced therapeutic effectiveness. In this review article, we summarized the recent progress in various nanoformulations for cancer therapy, with a special emphasis on tumour microenvironment stimuli-responsive ones. Numerous tumour microenvironment modulation strategies with promising cancer therapeutic efficacy have also been highlighted. Future challenges and opportunities of design consideration are also discussed in detail. We believe that these tumour microenvironment modulation strategies offer a good chance for the practical translation of nanoparticle formulas into clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Dai
- Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China. and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | - Can Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Singh AP, Shah DK. Application of a PK-PD Modeling and Simulation-Based Strategy for Clinical Translation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: a Case Study with Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1). AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1054-1070. [PMID: 28374319 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful clinical translation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) can be challenging due to complex pharmacokinetics and differences between preclinical and clinical tumors. To facilitate this translation, we have developed a general pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling and simulation (M&S)-based strategy for ADCs. Here we present the validation of this strategy using T-DM1 as a case study. A previously developed preclinical tumor disposition model for T-DM1 (Singh and Shah, AAPSJ. 2015; 18(4):861-875) was used to develop a PK-PD model that can characterize in vivo efficacy of T-DM1 in preclinical tumor models. The preclinical data was used to estimate the efficacy parameters for T-DM1. Human PK of T-DM1 was a priori predicted using allometric scaling of monkey PK parameters. The predicted human PK, preclinically estimated efficacy parameters, and clinically observed volume and growth parameters for breast cancer were combined to develop a translated clinical PK-PD model for T-DM1. Clinical trial simulations were performed using the translated PK-PD model to predict progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rates (ORRs) for T-DM1. The model simulated PFS rates for HER2 1+ and 3+ populations were comparable to the rates observed in three different clinical trials. The model predicted only a modest improvement in ORR with an increase in clinically approved dose of T-DM1. However, the model suggested that a fractionated dosing regimen (e.g., front loading) may provide an improvement in the efficacy. In general, the PK-PD M&S-based strategy presented here is capable of a priori predicting the clinical efficacy of ADCs, and this strategy has been now retrospectively validated for all clinically approved ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aman P Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liston DR, Davis M. Clinically Relevant Concentrations of Anticancer Drugs: A Guide for Nonclinical Studies. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3489-3498. [PMID: 28364015 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Approved and marketed drugs are frequently studied in nonclinical models to evaluate the potential application to additional disease indications or to gain insight about molecular mechanisms of action. A survey of the literature reveals that nonclinical experimental designs (in vitro or in vivo) often include evaluation of drug concentrations or doses that are much higher than what can be achieved in patients (i.e., above the maximally tolerated dose or much higher than the clinically relevant exposures). The results obtained with these high concentrations may be particularly helpful in elucidating off-target effects and toxicities, but it is critical to have a dose-response curve that includes the minimally effective or clinically effective concentration for comparison. We have reviewed the clinical literature and drug product labels for all small molecules and biological agents approved by the FDA for use in oncology to identify and compile the available pharmacokinetic parameters. The data summarized here can serve as a guide for selection of in vitro concentrations and in vivo plasma exposures for evaluation of drug effects in nonclinical studies. Inclusion of drug concentrations or exposures that are relevant to those observed in clinical practice can improve translation of nonclinical mechanism of action findings into potentially relevant clinical effects. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3489-98. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dane R Liston
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Myrtle Davis
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Behrens
- EPO - Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH - GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité, University Medicine, Berlin; Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- EPO - Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH - GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kadić E, Moniz RJ, Huo Y, Chi A, Kariv I. Effect of cryopreservation on delineation of immune cell subpopulations in tumor specimens as determinated by multiparametric single cell mass cytometry analysis. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:6. [PMID: 28148223 PMCID: PMC5288879 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comprehensive understanding of cellular immune subsets involved in regulation of tumor progression is central to the development of cancer immunotherapies. Single cell immunophenotyping has historically been accomplished by flow cytometry (FC) analysis, enabling the analysis of up to 18 markers. Recent advancements in mass cytometry (MC) have facilitated detection of over 50 markers, utilizing high resolving power of mass spectrometry (MS). This study examined an analytical and operational feasibility of MC for an in-depth immunophenotyping analysis of the tumor microenvironment, using the commercial CyTOF™ instrument, and further interrogated challenges in managing the integrity of tumor specimens. Results Initial longitudinal studies with frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed minimal MC inter-assay variability over nine independent runs. In addition, detection of common leukocyte lineage markers using MC and FC detection confirmed that these methodologies are comparable in cell subset identification. An advanced multiparametric MC analysis of 39 total markers enabled a comprehensive evaluation of cell surface marker expression in fresh and cryopreserved tumor samples. This comparative analysis revealed significant reduction of expression levels of multiple markers upon cryopreservation. Most notably myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), defined by co-expression of CD66b+ and CD15+, HLA-DRdim and CD14− phenotype, were undetectable in frozen samples. Conclusion These results suggest that optimization and evaluation of cryopreservation protocols is necessary for accurate biomarker discovery in frozen tumor specimens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0192-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elma Kadić
- Department of Pharmacology, Cellular Pharmacology, Merck and Co. Inc, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Raymond J Moniz
- Department of Biology-Discovery, Immunooncology, Merck and Co. Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Cellular Pharmacology, Merck and Co. Inc, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - An Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Capabilities Enhancement, Merck and Co. Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilona Kariv
- Department of Pharmacology, Cellular Pharmacology, Merck and Co. Inc, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Morgan KM, Riedlinger GM, Rosenfeld J, Ganesan S, Pine SR. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Potential Utility in Personalized Medicine. Front Oncol 2017; 7:2. [PMID: 28154808 PMCID: PMC5243815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional preclinical studies of cancer therapeutics have relied on the use of established human cell lines that have been adapted to grow in the laboratory and, therefore, may deviate from the cancer they were meant to represent. With the emphasis of cancer drug development shifting from non-specific cytotoxic agents to rationally designed molecularly targeted therapies or immunotherapy comes the need for better models with predictive value regarding therapeutic activity and response in clinical trials. Recently, the diversity and accessibility of immunodeficient mouse strains has greatly enhanced the production and utility of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for many tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combined with next-generation sequencing, NSCLC PDX mouse models offer an exciting tool for drug development and for studying targeted therapies while utilizing patient samples with the hope of eventually aiding in clinical decision-making. Here, we describe NSCLC PDX mouse models generated by us and others, their ability to reflect the parental tumors’ histomorphological characteristics, as well as the effect of clonal selection and evolution on maintaining genomic integrity in low-passage PDXs compared to the donor tissue. We also raise vital questions regarding the practical utility of PDX and humanized PDX models in predicting patient response to therapy and make recommendations for addressing those questions. Once collaborations and standardized xenotransplantation and data management methods are established, NSCLC PDX mouse models have the potential to be universal and invaluable as a preclinical tool that guides clinical trials and standard therapeutic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Morgan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory M Riedlinger
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rosenfeld
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sharon R Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The Use of Pediatric Patient-Derived Xenografts for Identifying Novel Agents and Combinations. MOLECULAR AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57424-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
40
|
Ferreira CDA, Fuscaldi LL, Townsend DM, Rubello D, Barros ALBD. Radiolabeled bombesin derivatives for preclinical oncological imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:58-72. [PMID: 28040598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts, cancer is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths each year, according to the World Health Organization. Among the strategies to reduce cancer progression and improving its management, implementing early detection technologies is crucial. Based on the fact that several types of cancer cells overexpress surface receptors, small molecule ligands, such as peptides, have been developed to allow tumor identification at earlier stages. Allied with imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT, radiolabeled peptides play a pivotal role in nuclear medicine. Bombesin, a peptide of 14 amino acids, is an amphibian homolog to the mammalian gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), that has been extensively studied as a targeting ligand for diagnosis and therapy of GRP positive tumors, such as breast, pancreas, lungs and prostate cancers. In this context, herein we provide a review of reported bombesin derivatives radiolabeled with a multitude of radioactive isotopes for diagnostic purposes in the preclinical setting. Moreover, since animal models are highly relevant for assessing the potential of clinical translation of this radiopeptides, a brief report of the currently used GRP-positive tumor-bearing animal models is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Lima Fuscaldi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, NeuroRadiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ladin DA, Soliman E, Griffin L, Van Dross R. Preclinical and Clinical Assessment of Cannabinoids as Anti-Cancer Agents. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:361. [PMID: 27774065 PMCID: PMC5054289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States with 1.7 million new cases estimated to be diagnosed in 2016. This disease remains a formidable clinical challenge and represents a substantial financial burden to the US health care system. Therefore, research and development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of cancer is of high priority. Cannabinoids and their derivatives have been utilized for their medicinal and therapeutic properties throughout history. Cannabinoid activity is regulated by the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is comprised of cannabinoid receptors, transporters, and enzymes involved in cannabinoid synthesis and breakdown. More recently, cannabinoids have gained special attention for their role in cancer cell proliferation and death. However, many studies investigated these effects using in vitro models which may not adequately mimic tumor growth and metastasis. As such, this article aims to review study results which evaluated effects of cannabinoids from plant, synthetic and endogenous origins on cancer development in preclinical animal models and to examine the current standing of cannabinoids that are being tested in human cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ladin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Eman Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Egypt
| | - LaToya Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Rukiyah Van Dross
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC, USA; Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Murphy B, Yin H, Maris JM, Kolb EA, Gorlick R, Reynolds CP, Kang MH, Keir ST, Kurmasheva RT, Dvorchik I, Wu J, Billups CA, Boateng N, Smith MA, Lock RB, Houghton PJ. Evaluation of Alternative In Vivo Drug Screening Methodology: A Single Mouse Analysis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5798-5809. [PMID: 27496711 PMCID: PMC5050128 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional approaches to evaluating antitumor agents using human tumor xenograft models have generally used cohorts of 8 to 10 mice against a limited panel of tumor models. An alternative approach is to use fewer animals per tumor line, allowing a greater number of models that capture greater molecular/genetic heterogeneity of the cancer type. We retrospectively analyzed 67 agents evaluated by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program to determine whether a single mouse, chosen randomly from each group of a study, predicted the median response for groups of mice using 83 xenograft models. The individual tumor response from a randomly chosen mouse was compared with the group median response using established response criteria. A total of 2,134 comparisons were made. The single tumor response accurately predicted the group median response in 1,604 comparisons (75.16%). The mean tumor response correct prediction rate for 1,000 single mouse random samples was 78.09%. Models had a range for correct prediction (60%-87.5%). Allowing for misprediction of ± one response category, the overall mean correct single mouse prediction rate was 95.28%, and predicted overall objective response rates for group data in 66 of 67 drug studies. For molecularly targeted agents, occasional exceptional responder models were identified and the activity of that agent confirmed in additional models with the same genotype. Assuming that large treatment effects are targeted, this alternate experimental design has similar predictive value as traditional approaches, allowing for far greater numbers of models to be used that more fully encompass the heterogeneity of disease types. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5798-809. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Murphy
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Han Yin
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John M Maris
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Anders Kolb
- Department of Pediatrics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Min H Kang
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Stephen T Keir
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Raushan T Kurmasheva
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas
| | - Igor Dvorchik
- Biostatistics, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Catherine A Billups
- Department of Biostatistics St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Nana Boateng
- Department of Biostatistics St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Malcolm A Smith
- Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hartmanshenn C, Scherholz M, Androulakis IP. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models: approaches for enabling personalized medicine. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2016; 43:481-504. [PMID: 27647273 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-016-9492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine strives to deliver the 'right drug at the right dose' by considering inter-person variability, one of the causes for therapeutic failure in specialized populations of patients. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a key tool in the advancement of personalized medicine to evaluate complex clinical scenarios, making use of physiological information as well as physicochemical data to simulate various physiological states to predict the distribution of pharmacokinetic responses. The increased dependency on PBPK models to address regulatory questions is aligned with the ability of PBPK models to minimize ethical and technical difficulties associated with pharmacokinetic and toxicology experiments for special patient populations. Subpopulation modeling can be achieved through an iterative and integrative approach using an adopt, adapt, develop, assess, amend, and deliver methodology. PBPK modeling has two valuable applications in personalized medicine: (1) determining the importance of certain subpopulations within a distribution of pharmacokinetic responses for a given drug formulation and (2) establishing the formulation design space needed to attain a targeted drug plasma concentration profile. This review article focuses on model development for physiological differences associated with sex (male vs. female), age (pediatric vs. young adults vs. elderly), disease state (healthy vs. unhealthy), and temporal variation (influence of biological rhythms), connecting them to drug product formulation development within the quality by design framework. Although PBPK modeling has come a long way, there is still a lengthy road before it can be fully accepted by pharmacologists, clinicians, and the broader industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Hartmanshenn
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Megerle Scherholz
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wong H, Gould SE. Translational pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis in cancer pharmacology: a tool to maximize the value of antitumor efficacy from tumor bearing mice. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 21-22:51-56. [PMID: 27978988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Translational pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis is becoming an increasingly important tool for the identification and selection of new anticancer agents. There are two important elements of effectively using PK/PD analysis to translate preclinical antitumor efficacy from tumor bearing mice (xenografts and allografts) to cancer patients. These two sometimes overlapping elements are termed translation 'WITHIN' and 'ACROSS' species. Translating 'WITHIN' species refers to the quantitative characterization of drug action and disease behavior within tumor bearing mice using PK/PD modeling in order to use this information to make predictions of drug response in humans. Translating 'ACROSS' species refers to use of PK/PD modeling to quantify species similarities and differences in drug response in order to understand the clinical relevance of preclinical efficacy data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 5505-2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Osgood CL, Maloney N, Kidd CG, Kitchen-Goosen S, Segars L, Gebregiorgis M, Woldemichael GM, He M, Sankar S, Lessnick SL, Kang M, Smith M, Turner L, Madaj ZB, Winn ME, Núñez LE, González-Sabín J, Helman LJ, Morís F, Grohar PJ. Identification of Mithramycin Analogues with Improved Targeting of the EWS-FLI1 Transcription Factor. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4105-18. [PMID: 26979396 PMCID: PMC4987166 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to identify second-generation mithramycin analogues that better target the EWS-FLI1 transcription factor for Ewing sarcoma. We previously established mithramycin as an EWS-FLI1 inhibitor, but the compound's toxicity prevented its use at effective concentrations in patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We screened a panel of mithralogs to establish their ability to inhibit EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma. We compared the IC50 with the MTD established in mice to determine the relationship between efficacy and toxicity. We confirmed the suppression of EWS-FLI1 at the promoter, mRNA, gene signature, and protein levels. We established an improved therapeutic window by using time-lapse microscopy to model the effects on cellular proliferation in Ewing sarcoma cells relative to HepG2 control cells. Finally, we established an improved therapeutic window using a xenograft model of Ewing sarcoma. RESULTS EC-8105 was found to be the most potent analogue and was able to suppress EWS-FLI1 activity at concentrations nontoxic to other cell types. EC-8042 was substantially less toxic than mithramycin in multiple species but maintained suppression of EWS-FLI1 at similar concentrations. Both compounds markedly suppressed Ewing sarcoma xenograft growth and inhibited EWS-FLI1 in vivo CONCLUSIONS These results provide a basis for the continued development of EC-8042 and EC-8105 as EWS-FLI1 inhibitors for the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4105-18. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Plicamycin/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/mortality
- Transcription Factors
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy L Osgood
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nichole Maloney
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher G Kidd
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Laura Segars
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meti Gebregiorgis
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Girma M Woldemichael
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Molecular Targets Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Min He
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Savita Sankar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Min Kang
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Malcolm Smith
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa Turner
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Mary E Winn
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | | | - Lee J Helman
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Patrick J Grohar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Helen De Vos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University School of Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mowday AM, Ashoorzadeh A, Williams EM, Copp JN, Silva S, Bull MR, Abbattista MR, Anderson RF, Flanagan JU, Guise CP, Ackerley DF, Smaill JB, Patterson AV. Rational design of an AKR1C3-resistant analog of PR-104 for enzyme-prodrug therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 116:176-87. [PMID: 27453434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical stage anti-cancer agent PR-104 has potential utility as a cytotoxic prodrug for exogenous bacterial nitroreductases expressed from replicating vector platforms. However substrate selectivity is compromised due to metabolism by the human one- and two-electron oxidoreductases cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) and aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3). Using rational drug design we developed a novel mono-nitro analog of PR-104A that is essentially free of this off-target activity in vitro and in vivo. Unlike PR-104A, there was no biologically relevant cytotoxicity in cells engineered to express AKR1C3 or POR, under aerobic or anoxic conditions, respectively. We screened this inert prodrug analog, SN34507, against a type I bacterial nitroreductase library and identified E. coli NfsA as an efficient bioactivator using a DNA damage response assay and recombinant enzyme kinetics. Expression of E. coli NfsA in human colorectal cancer cells led to selective cytotoxicity to SN34507 that was associated with cell cycle arrest and generated a robust 'bystander effect' at tissue-like cell densities when only 3% of cells were NfsA positive. Anti-tumor activity of SN35539, the phosphate pre-prodrug of SN34507, was established in 'mixed' tumors harboring a minority of NfsA-positive cells and demonstrated marked tumor control following heterogeneous suicide gene expression. These experiments demonstrate that off-target metabolism of PR-104 can be avoided and identify the suicide gene/prodrug partnership of E. coli NfsA/SN35539 as a promising combination for development in armed vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Mowday
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Amir Ashoorzadeh
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Elsie M Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Janine N Copp
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Shevan Silva
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Matthew R Bull
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Maria R Abbattista
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Robert F Anderson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Christopher P Guise
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - David F Ackerley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B Smaill
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jones L, Carol H, Evans K, Richmond J, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. A review of new agents evaluated against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program. Leukemia 2016; 30:2133-2141. [PMID: 27416986 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children exemplifies how multi-agent chemotherapy has improved the outcome for patients. Refinements in treatment protocols and improvements in supportive care for this most common pediatric malignancy have led to a cure rate that now approaches 90%. However, certain pediatric ALL subgroups remain relatively intractable to treatment and many patients who relapse face a similarly dismal outcome. Moreover, survivors of pediatric ALL suffer the long-term sequelae of their intensive treatment throughout their lives. Therefore, the development of drugs to treat relapsed/refractory pediatric ALL, as well as those that more specifically target leukemia cells, remains a high priority. As pediatric malignancies represent a minority of the overall cancer burden, it is not surprising that they are generally underrepresented in drug development efforts. The identification of novel therapies relies largely on the reappropriation of drugs developed for adult malignancies. However, despite the large number of experimental agents available, clinical evaluation of novel drugs for pediatric ALL is hindered by limited patient numbers and the availability of effective established drugs. The Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) was established in 2005 to provide a mechanism by which novel therapeutics could be evaluated against xenograft and cell line models of the most common childhood malignancies, including ALL, to prioritize those with the greatest activity for clinical evaluation. In this article, we review the results of >50 novel agents and combinations tested against the PPTP ALL xenografts, highlighting comparisons between PPTP results and clinical data where possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jones
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Carol
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Evans
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Richmond
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P J Houghton
- Molecular Medicine, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M A Smith
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R B Lock
- Leukaemia Biology Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim KM, Shim JK, Chang JH, Lee JH, Kim SH, Choi J, Park J, Kim EH, Kim SH, Huh YM, Lee SJ, Cheong JH, Kang SG. Failure of a patient-derived xenograft for brain tumor model prepared by implantation of tissue fragments. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:43. [PMID: 27293382 PMCID: PMC4901492 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the continuing development of new anti-cancer drugs comes a need for preclinical experimental models capable of predicting the clinical activity of these novel agents in cancer patients. However existing models have a limited ability to recapitulate the clinical characteristics and associated drug sensitivity of tumors. Among the more promising approaches for improving preclinical models is direct implantation of patient-derived tumor tissue into immunocompromised mice, such as athymic nude or non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. In the current study, we attempted to develop patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models using tissue fragments from surgical samples of brain tumors. Methods In this approach, tiny tissue fragments of tumors were biopsied from eight brain tumor patients—seven glioblastoma patients and one primitive neuroectodermal tumor patient. Two administration methods—a cut-down syringe and a pipette—were used to implant tissue fragments from each patient into the brains of athymic nude mice. Results In contrast to previous reports, and contrary to our expectations, we found that none of these fragments from brain tumor biopsies resulted in the successful establishment of xenograft tumors. Conclusions These results suggest that fragments of surgical specimens from brain tumor patients are unsuitable for implementation of brain tumor PDX models, and instead recommend other in vivo testing platforms for brain tumors, such as cell-based brain tumor models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-016-0319-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University College of Pharmacy, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Experimental oncology research and preclinical drug development both substantially require specific, clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo tumor models. The increasing knowledge about the heterogeneity of cancer requested a substantial restructuring of the test systems for the different stages of development. To be able to cope with the complexity of the disease, larger panels of patient-derived tumor models have to be implemented and extensively characterized. Together with individual genetically engineered tumor models and supported by core functions for expression profiling and data analysis, an integrated discovery process has been generated for predictive and personalized drug development.Improved “humanized” mouse models should help to overcome current limitations given by xenogeneic barrier between humans and mice. Establishment of a functional human immune system and a corresponding human microenvironment in laboratory animals will strongly support further research.Drug discovery, systems biology, and translational research are moving closer together to address all the new hallmarks of cancer, increase the success rate of drug development, and increase the predictive value of preclinical models.
Collapse
|
50
|
Betts AM, Haddish-Berhane N, Tolsma J, Jasper P, King LE, Sun Y, Chakrapani S, Shor B, Boni J, Johnson TR. Preclinical to Clinical Translation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Using PK/PD Modeling: a Retrospective Analysis of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1101-1116. [PMID: 27198897 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was used for preclinical to clinical translation of inotuzumab ozogamicin, a CD22-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for B cell malignancies including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Preclinical data was integrated in a PK/PD model which included (1) a plasma PK model characterizing disposition and clearance of inotuzumab ozogamicin and its released payload N-Ac-γ-calicheamicin DMH, (2) a tumor disposition model describing ADC diffusion into the tumor extracellular environment, (3) a cellular model describing inotuzumab ozogamicin binding to CD22, internalization, intracellular N-Ac-γ-calicheamicin DMH release, binding to DNA, or efflux from the tumor cell, and (4) tumor growth and inhibition in mouse xenograft models. The preclinical model was translated to the clinic by incorporating human PK for inotuzumab ozogamicin and clinically relevant tumor volumes, tumor growth rates, and values for CD22 expression in the relevant patient populations. The resulting stochastic models predicted progression-free survival (PFS) rates for inotuzumab ozogamicin in patients comparable to the observed clinical results. The model suggested that a fractionated dosing regimen is superior to a conventional dosing regimen for ALL but not for NHL. Simulations indicated that tumor growth is a highly sensitive parameter and predictive of successful outcome. Inotuzumab ozogamicin PK and N-Ac-γ-calicheamicin DMH efflux are also sensitive parameters and would be considered more useful predictors of outcome than CD22 receptor expression. In summary, a multiscale, mechanism-based model has been developed for inotuzumab ozogamicin, which can integrate preclinical biomeasures and PK/PD data to predict clinical response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Betts
- Department of Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA. .,Department of Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism - NBE, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA.
| | - Nahor Haddish-Berhane
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Quantitative Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania, 19002, USA
| | - John Tolsma
- RES Group, Inc., 75 Second Avenue, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494, USA
| | - Paul Jasper
- RES Group, Inc., 75 Second Avenue, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494, USA
| | - Lindsay E King
- Department of Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Yongliang Sun
- Clinical Translational Technologies & Operations, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pennington, New Jersey, 08534, USA
| | - Subramanyam Chakrapani
- Department of World Wide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Boris Shor
- Immune Pharmaceuticals Inc., 430 East 29th Street, Suite 940, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Joseph Boni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Theodore R Johnson
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|