1
|
Adamopoulos C, Cave DD, Papavassiliou AG. Inhibition of the RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling Cascade in Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1631. [PMID: 38338909 PMCID: PMC10855714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents a formidable challenge in oncology, primarily due to its aggressive nature and limited therapeutic options. The prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the main form of pancreatic cancer, remains disappointingly poor with a 5-year overall survival of only 5%. Almost 95% of PDAC patients harbor Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) oncogenic mutations. KRAS activates downstream intracellular pathways, most notably the rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling axis. Dysregulation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is a crucial feature of pancreatic cancer and therefore its main components, RAF, MEK and ERK kinases, have been targeted pharmacologically, largely by small-molecule inhibitors. The recent advances in the development of inhibitors not only directly targeting the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway but also indirectly through inhibition of its regulators, such as Src homology-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), provide new therapeutic opportunities. Moreover, the discovery of allele-specific small-molecule inhibitors against mutant KRAS variants has brought excitement for successful innovations in the battle against pancreatic cancer. Herein, we review the recent advances in targeted therapy and combinatorial strategies with focus on the current preclinical and clinical approaches, providing critical insight, underscoring the potential of these efforts and supporting their promise to improve the lives of patients with PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Donatella Delle Cave
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu H, Song C, Li J, Liu Q, Liu M, Fu L. LHPP suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer by inhibiting EGFR signaling pathway. Med Oncol 2023; 40:257. [PMID: 37522936 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) has been reported to be a new tumor suppressor with a significant inhibitory effect in various cancers. Although LHPP has been repeatedly shown to inhibit the progression of various tumors by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT, up to now, the studies on the function and mechanism of LHPP in tumors are insufficient. In this study, LHPP expression was found to be downregulated in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we found that LHPP could bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and inhibit its phosphorylation, which thereby inhibited the activation of EGFR downstream pathways ERK, AKT, and STAT3, and then weakening the ability to proliferate, invade, and migrate in HCC and PC. This paper showed a new physiological function of LHPP in inhibiting phosphorylation of EGFR and its potential anti-tumor mechanism and indicated that LHPP was a potential therapeutic target for HCC and PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
- Biobank, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Chunzhuo Song
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianfan Liu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Liyue Fu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effect of Opioids on Survival in Patients with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225720. [PMID: 36428812 PMCID: PMC9688536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are commonly used for pain management in patients with cancer. They have a range of unwanted effects, including some that potentially influence cancer growth. This article reviews the data assessing the effects of opioids on survival in patients with cancer. Many studies assessing this show an association between opioids and decreased survival. This effect is present even at very low doses of opioids. These studies do not assess causality, so it is not known if it is a direct effect of opioids on survival. As the control groups are not matched to the opioid group it might be that opioids are being used to control pain and patients receiving opioids have more aggressive cancers and it is the underlying cancer which is causing the decreased survival. Furthermore, although some studies allude to different opioids having different effects on survival, often all opioids are pooled in analysis. Future work needs to try to ascertain causality and differentiate between different opioids, pain, and cancer-mediated effects on survival in specific cancer types. Until then, opioids should continue to be used in patients with cancer as part of measures to optimise comfort and quality of life.
Collapse
|
4
|
He H, Liang L, Huang J, Jiang S, Liu Y, Sun X, Li Y, Cong L, Jiang Y. KIF20A is associated with clinical prognosis and synergistic effect of gemcitabine combined with ferroptosis inducer in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007429. [PMID: 36225575 PMCID: PMC9549118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM), an antimetabolite that terminates DNA synthesis, is commonly used in the treatment of cancers including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, downregulation of sensitivity limits the therapeutic effect. Ferroptosis as the new form of regulated cell death has been shown to have great potential for cancer treatment with chemoresistance. Here, three genes with both ferroptosis and GEM-response-associated features were screened from RNA sequencing and public data for constructing an independent risk model. LUAD patients with different risk scores had differences in mutational landscape, gene enrichment pathways, and drug sensitivity. By Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and colony forming assay, we demonstrate that GEM and ferroptosis inducer (FIN) imidazole Ketone Erastin had a synergistic combined anti-proliferative effect on LUAD cells and knockdown of KIF20A (the core gene of our model) further enhanced cell death in vitro by inducing ferroptosis. In conclusion, we identified a link between ferroptosis and GEM response in LUAD cells and developed a robust signature that can effectively classify LUAD patients into subgroups with different overall survival. For LUAD, the combined treatment modality of GEM and FIN is potentially effective and KIF20A may be a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyao Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Cong
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yiqun Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodriquenz MG, Negrete-Najar JP, Sam C, Sehovic M, Extermann M. Assessment of the external validity of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a population of older patients aged 70 years and older. J Geriatr Oncol 2022; 13:952-961. [PMID: 35597730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mainly occurs in older adults. Since randomized clinical trials (RCTs) provide the highest-quality evidence incorporated in NCCN recommendations, the underrepresentation of older patients in RCTs challenges guidelines' external validity and limits the solidity of evidence in this specific population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study aimed to investigate external validity of NCCN guidelines for PDCA and the impact of reference studies eligibility on overall survival (OS) in a real-world older population. We retrieved RCTs supporting NCCN recommendations for management of PDAC and identified ten topics. We matched a cohort of 707 PDAC patients aged ≥70 years from the Moffitt Cancer Center database with eligibility criteria of 96 reference RCTs to check the proportion of patients eligible for at least two RCTs. Eligibility >60% was rated full validity, 30%-60% partial validity and < 30% limited validity. We also performed log-rank test to assessed whether "eligibility" status affects OS, stratifying by age (70-74; 75-79; ≥80). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found full validity for neoadjuvant (57/73 patients; 69.86%), locally advanced (28/39; 71.79%) and second line (88/110; 80%) treatment, while lowest validity was found for adjuvant chemotherapy (37/86; 43%). Eligible status was correlated with a significant OS benefit for adjuvant chemoradiation (p = 0.002) in all-comers and for first-line polychemotherapy in patients aged ≥80 (p = 0.01). Our analysis supports the limitation of guidelines' external validity in older patients, and hints at possible correlations with survival, although no definitive conclusions can be drawn at this stage. Renewing RCT design with broader eligibility criteria might help increase inclusion of older and thus strengthen the evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Rodriquenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ospedale IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Juan-Pablo Negrete-Najar
- Clínica de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
The impact of age, performance status and comorbidities on nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine effectiveness in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8244. [PMID: 35581246 PMCID: PMC9114343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the impact of risk factors such as performance status (PS) and comorbidities on overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC). We investigated the influence of comorbidity, PS and age on nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine (NabGem) effectiveness profile in naive patients with mPC. 153 patients with mPC treated with NabGem upfront was divided in three groups (score 0 to 3) based on the absence or the presence of one or more risk factors among: age ≥ 70 years, PS 1 and comorbidities and the clinical outcomes was compared. Fifty-five patients were elderly (≥ 70 years), 80 patients have PS 1, whereas the other have PS 0. Patients with no risk factors (score 0) had an overall survival higher (20 months) than patients with one or two risk factors (score 1-2) (OS 11 months) and with three risk factors (score 3) (OS 8 months) (p < 0.01). The difference in OS was also statistically significant in patients without comorbidities (OS 15 months) compared to those with ≥ 1 comorbidity (OS 10 months) (p < 0.001). NabGem chemotherapy represent an effective treatment in naive patients. Age, PS, and comorbidities were prognostic factors in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zylberberg HM, Woodrell C, Rustgi SD, Aronson A, Kessel E, Amin S, Lucas AL. Opioid Prescription Is Associated With Increased Survival in Older Adult Patients With Pancreatic Cancer in the United States: A Propensity Score Analysis. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:e659-e668. [PMID: 34990289 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have assessed the interaction between pain treatment and mortality in pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between receipt of opioid prescriptions and survival in adults with pancreatic cancer. METHODS The SEER-Medicare linked database was used to identify patients diagnosed with late-stage pancreatic cancer between 2007 and 2015. Kaplan-Meier models were used to assess the association between opioid prescriptions in the year after cancer diagnosis and survival. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the association between opioid receipt and survival, adjusting for propensity score and other relevant confounders including cancer-directed therapies and palliative care referral. RESULTS A total of 5,770 older adults with pancreatic cancer were identified; 1,678 (29.1%) were prescribed opioids for at least 60 days. Median survival was increased in those with opioid prescriptions (6.0 months) compared with those without (4.0 months, P < .0001). After adjustment for confounders, opioid prescriptions were still associated with improved survival (hazard ratio 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.86). On multivariable analysis, opioid prescriptions were associated with older age, female sex, residing in nonmetro areas, and treatment with celiac plexus neurolysis, chemotherapy, and radiation. CONCLUSION Receipt of opioid prescriptions is associated with longer survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. This may be due to the impact of cancer-related pain, although further studies are needed to better understand the interaction between pain management, cancer-directed therapies, and systemic factors, such as palliative care, availability of opioids, and clinical practice culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Zylberberg
- Division of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Christopher Woodrell
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Sheila D Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Anne Aronson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Kessel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sunil Amin
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Aimee L Lucas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zylberberg HM, Nagula S, Rustgi SD, Aronson A, Kessel E, Kumta NA, DiMaio CJ, Lucas AL. Celiac Plexus Neurolysis Is Associated With Decreased Survival in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: A Propensity Score Analysis. Pancreas 2022; 51:153-158. [PMID: 35404890 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate survival in patients who received celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN) compared with patients who received opioids. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database was used to identify patients older than 65 years diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 2007 and 2015. We used claims data to identify patients with a history of CPN and opioid use within 1 year of diagnosis, and other demographic, clinical, and treatment variables. Kaplan-Meier analyses and inverse propensity-weighted adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to evaluate survival. RESULTS We identified 648 patients who underwent CPN (19.0%) compared with 2769 patients who received opioids (81.0%). The median survival and interquartile range for patients who received CPN was 4.0 months (2.0-8.0 months) compared with 7.0 months (3.0-12.0 months) for opioid users (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for confounders and propensity score, the patients who received CPN showed worsened survival (hazard ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-1.79). CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer patients who underwent CPN had decreased survival compared with opioid users. This suggests that opioid sparing methods to reduce pancreatic cancer pain may actually be harmful. Future prospective studies should investigate whether other opioid sparing therapies impact pancreatic cancer survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Satish Nagula
- Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Sheila D Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Anne Aronson
- Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Nikhil A Kumta
- Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Aimee L Lucas
- Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elsayed M, Abdelrahim M. The Latest Advancement in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Therapy: A Review Article for the Latest Guidelines and Novel Therapies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:389. [PMID: 33917380 PMCID: PMC8067364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the US, and it is expected to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. The lack of effective early screening tests and alarming symptoms with early undetectable micro-metastasis at the time of presentation play a vital role in the high death rate from pancreatic cancer. In addition to this, the low mutation burden in pancreatic cancer, low immunological profile, dense tumorigenesis stroma, and decreased tumor sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs contribute to the low survival rates in PDAC patients. Despite breakthroughs in chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs, pancreatic cancer remains one of the solid tumors that exhibit meager curative rates. Therefore, researchers must dedicate more effort to understanding the pathology and immunological behavior of PDAC, in addition to properly utilizing more advanced screening modalities and new therapeutic agents. In our review, we focus mainly on the latest updates from clinical guidelines and novel therapies that have been recently investigated or are under investigation for PDAC. We used PubMed as a search tool for finding original research articles addressing the latest developments in diagnosing and treating PDAC. Additionally, we also used the clinical trials published on clinicaltrialsgov as sources for our data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elsayed
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2301 Holmes, St. Kansas City, MO 64018, USA;
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Outpatient Center, 24th Floor, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cockrell Center of Advanced Therapeutics Phase I Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Azmi AS, Uddin MH, Mohammad RM. The nuclear export protein XPO1 - from biology to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:152-169. [PMID: 33173198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ye Z, Liu D, Liu D, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Bao J, Yuan X, Hou J, Li L. Immune Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells in Patients With Diabetic Pancreatic Cancer Reduces the Malignancy of Cancer Tissues: An In Silico Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:826667. [PMID: 35145483 PMCID: PMC8821103 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.826667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the functional damage of the diabetic pancreas can affect the postoperative recovery of pancreatic cancer patients, there is no significant difference in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients with a history of diabetes and ordinary pancreatic cancer patients. There is still no practical theory to explain this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHOD The mRNA expression profile data of 141 cases and 51 cases with clinical data of diabetes status were obtained from the TCGA database and the GEO database, respectively. The CRA001160 data set was obtained in the TISCH database. The Seurat was used to process single-cell expression profile sequencing data. The Cibersortx was used to construct a feature matrix of single-cell sequencing data and to deconvolve Bulk-RNAseq data to obtain each pancreatic cancer patients' tumour invasion score. TIDE was used to assess the immune escape potential of the tumour. MiRNet was used to construct the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. RESULT Compared with regular pancreatic cancer patients, the immune-related signal transduction pathways in diabetic pancreatic cancer patients are in an activated state. In patients with diabetic pancreatic cancer, the infiltration score of CD8+ T cells is high, and the infiltration score of corresponding malignant tumour cells is low. The Bayesian classifier can distinguish diabetic pancreatic cancer patients from non-diabetic pancreatic cancer patients based on 10 signature genes. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network suggests that regulation by miRNA can influence mRNA expression and thus prognostic survival of pancreatic cancer patients. CONCLUSION The activation of inflammatory-related signalling pathways in diabetic pancreatic cancer patients increases the immune infiltration of CD8+ T cells in cancer patients and reduces the development of malignant tumour tissues. The expression of 10 signature genes allowed the diagnosis of diabetic and non-diabetic pancreatic cancer patients. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network may be the main cause of the differences in the tumour inflammatory microenvironment between the two groups of patients. These findings help us further understand the immune microenvironment of patients with diabetic pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinqi Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiantong Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuelu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Yixing Second People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiaying Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Changji Branch, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Li,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Steele GL, Dudek AZ, Gilmore GE, Richter SA, Olson DA, Eklund JP, Zylla DM. Impact of Pain, Opioids, and the Mu-opioid Receptor on Progression and Survival in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2020; 43:591-597. [PMID: 32482952 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is frequently associated with pain requiring opioid therapy. Opioids, however, have been implicated in causing tumor progression, ultimately shortening survival. We examined the impact of pain, opioid use, and the mu-opioid receptor (MOP-R) expression in tumor tissue on progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. METHODS We identified 103 patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma receiving chemotherapy and abstracted data from Tumor Registry, in addition to pain, opioid exposure, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 values, survival, and imaging response. MOP-R expression was evaluated using an immunohistochemistry assay. The association of variables with progression-free survival and overall survival was analyzed in univariate and multivariate models. RESULTS Patients with low opioid use (<5 mg oral morphine equivalent/d) survived longer than patients with high opioid (HO) use (≥5 mg oral morphine equivalent/d) (median overall survival of 315 vs. 150 d; hazard ratio [HR]=1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13, 2.84). This effect persisted on multivariate models (adjusted HR=2.76; 95% CI: 1.39, 5.48). Low opioid patients tended to respond better to treatment than HO patients, based on carbohydrate antigen 19-9. Patients with low MOP-R expression had longer median survival (230 vs. 193 d), though the HR was not significant (1.15; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.88). Baseline pain was not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSION In patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, HO use is associated with decreased survival, but the severity of baseline pain and MOP-R expression score in tumor tissue does not correlate with clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara A Richter
- Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet.,Professional Data Analysts Inc., Minneapolis
| | - Douglas A Olson
- Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, HealthPartners Medical Group & Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN
| | | | - Dylan M Zylla
- Cancer Research Center, HealthPartners/Park Nicollet
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rittberg R, Zhang H, Lambert P, Kudlovich R, Kim CA, Dawe DE. Utility of the modified frailty index in predicting toxicity and cancer outcomes for older adults with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving first-line palliative chemotherapy. J Geriatr Oncol 2020; 12:112-117. [PMID: 32798212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer primarily affects older adults and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Identifying frail patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) helps to mitigate the risks of chemotherapy (CT). The modified Frailty Index (mFI) is an 11-point deficit measure used to identify frail patients. Although validated in surgical fields, it has not been assessed in an APC population. METHODS A retrospective cohort study evaluated consecutive patients, aged ≥65 years, diagnosed with APC from 2011 to 2016 and treated with first line palliative-intent CT. mFI was categorized as: 0, 1, 2 and ≥ 3. Descriptive analysis was completed comparing patient characteristics, CT toxicity, response to treatment, and overall survival (OS) by mFI score. RESULTS 87 patients with APC received palliative CT. Median age was 71 (65-88), 54% male. A mFI score of 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 occurred for 20 (23%), 28 (32.2%), 25 (28.7%) and 14 (16.1%) patients respectively. Patients with mFI scores of 0-1 were more likely to receive: 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. CT toxicity, emergency room (ED) and urgent cancer clinic (UCC) presentation, and hospitalization length did not differ by mFI. Longer OS was associated with better ECOG and receipt of combination CT. CONCLUSION This is the first assessment of the mFI in an APC population receiving CT. The mFI score did not correlate with toxicity, ED/UCC visits, hospitalization length or OS. Ongoing assessment of tools that accurately identify frailty in patients with APC is critical to help better select candidates for aggressive CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Rittberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook St, R3A 1R9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, 675 McDermot Ave, R3E 0V9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Hanbo Zhang
- Cross Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, 8440 112 St. NW, T6G 2R7 Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Pascal Lambert
- CancerCare Manitoba, Department of Epidemiology, 675 McDermot Ave, R3E 0V9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Robert Kudlovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook St, R3A 1R9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Christina A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook St, R3A 1R9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, 675 McDermot Ave, R3E 0V9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave, R3E 0V9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - David E Dawe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook St, R3A 1R9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, 675 McDermot Ave, R3E 0V9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave, R3E 0V9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bagni K, Chen IM, Johansen AZ, Dehlendorff C, Jensen BV, Hansen CP, Preus Hasselby J, Holländer NH, Nissen M, Bjerregaard JK, Pfeiffer P, Yilmaz MK, Rasmussen LS, Nielsen SE, Johansen JS. Prognostic impact of Charlson's Age-Comorbidity Index and other risk factors in patients with pancreatic cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13219. [PMID: 31908093 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have evaluated the impact of risk factors and comorbidity on overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim was to investigate the prognostic importance of Charlson's age-comorbidity index (CACI) and other risk factors on prognosis in a clinical real-world cohort of PDAC patients. METHODS A total of 1,159 patients with PDAC who had received at least one cycle of adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy were included from the Danish BIOPAC study. We analysed OS according to CACI, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, performance status (PS), BMI and diabetes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for OS using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS At the end of follow-up, 994 (86%) patients had died. The median OS was 298 days for all patients (range 3-3010) and shortest in patients with stage IV. No association with short OS was seen for CACI > 2, diabetes, alcohol abuse, tobacco smoking, hypertension, and high BMI. Multivariate analysis showed that stage (IV vs. I: HR = 9.05, 95% CI 5.17-15.84), PS (2 vs. 0: HR = 3.67, 2.92-4.61) and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (yes vs. no: HR = 1.31, 1.06-1.61) were independent negative prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS We found that CACI, diabetes, tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, hypertension, and high BMI were not associated with OS in a real-world cohort of patients with PDAC treated with chemotherapy. Only stage and PS were prognostic parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bagni
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inna M Chen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Z Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benny V Jensen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten P Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane Preus Hasselby
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H Holländer
- Department of Oncology at, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Mette Nissen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology at, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | | | - Per Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette K Yilmaz
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Svend E Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, North Zealand University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Julia S Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou J, Zhang L, Zheng H, Ge W, Huang Y, Yan Y, Zhou X, Zhu W, Kong Y, Ding Y, Wang W. Identification of chemoresistance-related mRNAs based on gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1115-1130. [PMID: 31823522 PMCID: PMC6997050 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) alone and GEM-based chemotherapy are the preferred regimens for treating advanced unresectable and metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC). However, these treatments have limited efficacy due to acquired resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. In this study, we established two stable multidrug-resistant cell lines, BxPC-3-GR and CFPAC-1-GR, from their corresponding parental cells through exposure to GEM following a stepwise incremental dosing strategy. The GEM IC50 values of BxPC-3-GR and CFPAC-1-GR increased 112-fold and 210-fold, respectively, compared to parental cell lines. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that both GEM-resistant cell subgroups declined in proliferative capacity, but were more resistant to GEM. Unlike CFPAC-1-GR, BxPC-3-GR exhibited enhanced migratory and invasive properties compared with BxPC-3 in vitro. We also compared differentially expressed mRNA profiles between parental and GEM-resistant cells using transcriptome sequencing. RRM1, STIM1, and TRIM21 were significantly upregulated in both GEM-resistant cell lines and confirmed to be associated with the degree of GEM resistance by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. These three genes were more highly expressed in PC tissues and potentially regarded as prognostic biomarkers through database mining. Thus, our findings provide chemo-resistant cell models to better understand the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance, and to explore potential biomarkers for GEM response in PC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linshi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huilin Zheng
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingcai Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wong SS, Hsu FC, Avis NE, Clark CJ. Health-related quality of life and medical comorbidities in older patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: An analysis using the 1998-2011 surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-medicare health outcomes survey data. J Geriatr Oncol 2019; 11:633-639. [PMID: 31515163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compares health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of older patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to controls without cancer, and examines the impact of medical comorbidities on HRQoL. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study using the 1998-2011 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (SEER-MHOS) linked dataset. Cases were Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older diagnosed with PDAC (N = 128) and matched controls were without a history of cancer (N = 512). We used the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Veterans-RAND-12 (VR-12) to examine HRQoL and calculated mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component scores. Linear regression and mixed effects models were used to examine the impact of medical comorbidities on MCS and PCS for cases and controls, respectively. RESULTS Cases reported significantly poorer PCS (29.3 vs. 36.3) and MCS (44.8 vs. 49.9) compared to controls. Comorbidities were significantly associated with lower PCS and MCS in controls. However, neither total number of comorbidities or comorbidities grouped by organ systems (cardiopulmonary disease, musculoskeletal disease, diabetes) were significantly related to PCS or MCS for cases. Comparison of regression coefficients estimates did not indicate that lack of significance was due to differences in sample size. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the poor HRQoL reported by older patients with PDAC. HRQoL scores were very low in this population, particularly in physical health status, which were not explained by comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan S Wong
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Nancy E Avis
- Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Clancy J Clark
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maharaj AD, Ioannou L, Croagh D, Zalcberg J, Neale RE, Goldstein D, Merrett N, Kench JG, White K, Pilgrim CHC, Chantrill L, Cosman P, Kneebone A, Lipton L, Nikfarjam M, Philip J, Sandroussi C, Tagkalidis P, Chye R, Haghighi KS, Samra J, Evans SM. Monitoring quality of care for patients with pancreatic cancer: a modified Delphi consensus. HPB (Oxford) 2019; 21:444-455. [PMID: 30316625 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Best practise care optimises survival and quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), but there is evidence of variability in management and suboptimal care for some patients. Monitoring practise is necessary to underpin improvement initiatives. We aimed to develop a core set of quality indicators that measure quality of care across the disease trajectory. METHODS A modified, three-round Delphi survey was performed among experts with wide experience in PC care across three states in Australia. A total of 107 potential quality indicators were identified from the literature and divided into five areas: diagnosis and staging, surgery, other treatment, patient management and outcomes. A further six indicators were added by the panel, increasing potential quality indicators to 113. Rated on a scale of 1-9, indicators with high median importance and feasibility (score 7-9) and low disagreement (<1) were considered in the candidate set. RESULTS From 113 potential quality indicators, 34 indicators met the inclusion criteria and 27 (7 diagnosis and staging, 5 surgical, 4 other treatment, 5 patient management, 6 outcome) were included in the final set. CONCLUSIONS The developed indicator set can be applied as a tool for internal quality improvement, comparative quality reporting, public reporting and research in PC care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashika D Maharaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liane Ioannou
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Croagh
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia
| | - John Zalcberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Merrett
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate White
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles H C Pilgrim
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cabrini, Malvern, Victoria, Australia; Peninsula Health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Peninsula Private Hospital, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorraine Chantrill
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research and University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Cosman
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lara Lipton
- Cabrini, Malvern, Victoria, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Western Health, Sunshine, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter Tagkalidis
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Chye
- St Vincent's Private Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Health, University of Technology, NSW, Australia
| | - Koroush S Haghighi
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, NSW, Australia; Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Jaswinder Samra
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia; Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Sue M Evans
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Funamizu N, Lacy CR, Kamada M, Yanaga K, Manome Y. MicroRNA-200b and -301 are associated with gemcitabine response as biomarkers in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:991-1000. [PMID: 30628651 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance (congenital or acquired) is one of the principal challenges for the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. Recent evidence has demonstrated that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with chemoresistance in pancreatic carcinoma cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the development of chemoresistance remains unknown, and limited therapeutic options are available. Therefore, to anticipate individual chemosensitivity or acquired chemoresistance for patients with pancreatic carcinoma, predictive biomarkers are urgently required. Extensive evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) serve a crucial role in regulating EMT. The aim of this study was to examine the potential role of miRNA (miR)‑200b and miR‑301 in predicting the chemo‑responses to treatment for pancreatic carcinoma. The present results demonstrate that miR‑200b expression predicted chemo‑sensitivity and may have potential as a biomarker. In six different pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (Capan‑1, Capan‑2, Panc‑1, MIAPaCa‑2, BxPC‑3 and PL45 cells), the expression of miR‑200b correlated positively with chemosensitivity. Moreover, the enhanced expression of miR‑200b increased chemosensitivity and induced mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Conversely, miR‑301 modulated gemcitabine resistance and induced EMT through the downregulation of cadherin 1 expression. In addition, gemcitabine‑resistant cells (Capan‑2 and Panc‑1) exhibited upregulated miR‑301 expression and downregulated gemcitabine‑induced apoptosis. In summary, these two miRNAs may serve roles as biomarkers in pancreatic carcinoma, miR‑200b expression may predict chemosensitivity, and elevated miR‑301 expression may have potential applications in the prediction of acquired gemcitabine resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naotake Funamizu
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Curtis Ray Lacy
- Howard University School of Medicine, Washington DC 20059, USA
| | - Minori Kamada
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Manome
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Consensus statement on mandatory measurements in pancreatic cancer trials (COMM-PACT) for systemic treatment of unresectable disease. Lancet Oncol 2019; 19:e151-e160. [PMID: 29508762 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the reporting of potentially confounding variables in studies investigating systemic treatments for unresectable pancreatic cancer pose challenges in drawing accurate comparisons between findings. In this Review, we establish the first international consensus on mandatory baseline and prognostic characteristics in future trials for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer. We did a systematic literature search to find phase 3 trials investigating first-line systemic treatment for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer to identify baseline characteristics and prognostic variables. We created a structured overview showing the reporting frequencies of baseline characteristics and the prognostic relevance of identified variables. We used a modified Delphi panel of two rounds involving an international panel of 23 leading medical oncologists in the field of pancreatic cancer to develop a consensus on the various variables identified. In total, 39 randomised controlled trials that had data on 15 863 patients were included, of which 32 baseline characteristics and 26 prognostic characteristics were identified. After two consensus rounds, 23 baseline characteristics and 12 prognostic characteristics were designated as mandatory for future pancreatic cancer trials. The COnsensus statement on Mandatory Measurements in unresectable PAncreatic Cancer Trials (COMM-PACT) identifies a mandatory set of baseline and prognostic characteristics to allow adequate comparison of outcomes between pancreatic cancer studies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Statin treatment and outcomes of metastatic pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis of two phase III studies. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:810-816. [PMID: 30465184 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current analysis aims to evaluate the impact of statin co-treatment on the survival of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. METHODS This is a pooled analysis of de-identified patient data from two clinical trials (NCT01124786; NCT00844649). Overall and progression-free survival according to patient subsets (patients who received or who did not receive statins) were assessed through Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate different factors potentially affecting overall and progression-free survival. Propensity score matching was performed to address heterogeneity in baseline characteristics of different subgroups of patients. RESULTS A total of 797 patients were assessed in the current study; of which 156 patients received statins and 641 did not receive statins. Using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, patients who received statins seem to have better overall and progression-free survival compared to patients who did not (P = 0.008; P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis for factors affecting overall survival, the following factors were associated with worse overall survival: worse performance status (P < 0.001), no statin use (P = 0.044) and multiple sites of metastatic disease (P = 0.023); likewise in multivariate analysis for factors affecting progression-free survival, the following factors were associated with worse progression-free survival: worse performance status (P < 0.001), gemcitabine elaidate chemotherapy (P = 0.015) and no statin use (P = 0.048). Following propensity score matching and using Kaplan-Meier estimates, statin use was also associated with better overall and progression-free survival (P = 0.005; P = 0.040, respectively). CONCLUSION Statin use seems to be associated with better overall survival among patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy. Prospective studies designed specifically to assess this potential effect of statins are needed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Arciero VS, Cheng S, Mason R, McDonald E, Saluja R, Chan KKW. Do older and younger patients derive similar survival benefits from novel oncology drugs? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2018; 47:654-660. [PMID: 29788041 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background older patients are commonly believed to derive less benefit from cancer drugs, even if they fulfil clinical trial eligibility [Talarico et al. (2004, J Clin Oncol, 22(22):4626-31)]. We aim to examine if novel oncology drugs provide differential age-based treatment outcomes for patients on clinical trials. Methods a systematic review of randomised control trials (RCTs) cited for clinical efficacy evidence in novel oncology drug approvals by the Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency and Health Canada between 2006 and 2017 was conducted. Studies reporting age-based subgroup analyses for overall or progression-free survival (OS/PFS) were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for age-based subgroups were extracted. Meta-analyses with random effects were conducted, examining patient subgroups <65 and ≥65 years separately and pooled HRs of studies primary endpoints (OS or PFS) compared to examine if differences existed between age-based subgroups. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for cancer type, primary endpoint and systemic treatment. Results one-hundred-two RCTs, including 65,122 patients, met the inclusion criteria. One study reported age-based toxicity and none reported age-based quality of life (QOL) results. Pooled HRs [95% CIs] for patients <65 and ≥65 years were 0.61 [0.57-0.65] and 0.65 [0.61-0.70], respectively, with no difference between them (P = 0.14). Sensitivity analyses revealed similar results. Conclusion our results suggest that older and young patients, who fulfil clinical trial eligibility, may derive similar relative survival benefits from novel oncology drugs. There is, however, a need to report age-based toxicity and QOL results to support patient discussions regarding the balance of treatment benefit and harm, to encourage informed decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Arciero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sierra Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Mason
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica McDonald
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronak Saluja
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelvin K W Chan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dumbrava MI, Burmeister EA, Wyld D, Goldstein D, O'Connell DL, Beesley VL, Gooden HM, Janda M, Jordan SJ, Merrett ND, Payne ME, Waterhouse MA, Neale RE. Chemotherapy in patients with unresected pancreatic cancer in Australia: A population-based study of uptake and survival. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 14:326-336. [PMID: 29573158 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Palliative chemotherapy improves symptom control and prolongs survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, but there is a paucity of data describing its use and effectiveness in everyday practice. We explored patterns of chemotherapy use in patients with unresected pancreatic cancer in Australia and the impact of use on survival. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of residents of New South Wales or Queensland, Australia, diagnosed with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma between July 2009 and June 2011. Associations between receipt of chemotherapy and sociodemographic, clinical and health service factors were evaluated using logistic regression. We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyze associations between chemotherapy use and survival. RESULTS Data were collected for 1173 eligible patients. Chemotherapy was received by 44% (n = 184/414) of patients with localized pancreatic cancer and 53% (n = 406/759) of patients with metastases. Chemotherapy receipt depended on clinical factors, such as performance status and comorbidity burden, and nonclinical factors, such as age, place of residence, multidisciplinary team review and the type of specialist first encountered. Consultation with an oncologist mitigated most of the sociodemographic and service-related disparities in chemotherapy use. The receipt of chemotherapy was associated with prolonged survival in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer, including after adjusting for common prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need to establish referral pathways to ensure that all patients have the opportunity to discuss treatment options with a medical oncologist. This is particularly relevant for health care systems covering areas with a geographically dispersed population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica I Dumbrava
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Burmeister
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Wyld
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne L O'Connell
- Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Beesley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M Gooden
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan J Jordan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil D Merrett
- University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Madeleine E Payne
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary A Waterhouse
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Richmond RA, Vuong QV, Scarlett CJ. Cytotoxic Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Ethanol Extract and Its Fractions on Pancreatic Cancer Cells in vitro. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2:1-11. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Muñoz AR, Chakravarthy D, Gong J, Halff GA, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. Pancreatic cancer: Current status and Challenges. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:396-408. [PMID: 29404265 PMCID: PMC5795623 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer (PanCA) has remained stagnant. Unfortunately, the incidence is almost equal to mortality rates. These facts underscore the importance of concerted efforts to understand the pathology of this disease. Deregulation of multiple signaling pathways involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis contribute not only to cancer development but also to therapeutic resistance. The purpose of this review is to summarize current understanding of etiological factors including emerging evidence on the role of infectious agents, factors associated with therapeutic resistance and therapeutic options. RECENT FINDINGS The unique aspect of PanCA is "desmoplasia", a process that involves proliferation of stromal fibroblasts and collagen deposition in and around the filtrating cancer. Recent studies have identified pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) as a potential source of such desmoplasia. Biphasic interactions between PSCs and cancer cells, endothelial cells, and/or myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis. SUMMARY We summarize limitations of current therapeutic approaches and potential strategies to overcome these limitations using natural products including botanicals as adjuvant/neo-adjuvant for effective management of PanCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Muñoz
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | - Glenn A Halff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- UT Health San Antonio Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- UT Health San Antonio Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tan J, You Y, Guo F, Xu J, Dai H, Bie P. Association of elevated risk of pancreatic cancer in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1247-1255. [PMID: 28454242 PMCID: PMC5403376 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a five-year overall survival rate <5%, a situation that has not improved since for 40 years. Diabetes mellitus including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a suspected risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer and nearly 45% of the pancreatic cancer cases are likely to present as new onset diabetes cases; however, the nature of association between T2D and pancreatic cancer is still controversial. In this meta-analysis, we examined the association specifically of T2D with pancreatic cancer and the influence of insulin therapy. PubMed, EMBASE, Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched to identify clinical and patient oriented studies that examined the incidence of diabetes in pancreatic cancer patients and vice versa, over the last 10 years. All the authors independently screened the articles, and a collective decision was reached about the studies included in the meta-analysis. Parameters analyzed included, the Incidence of diabetes in pancreatic cancer patients; duration history of T2D in pancreatic cancer patients; influence of insulin therapy in T2D patients on pancreatic cancer incidence. Eleven studies with a total of 14,399 patients, of whom 4,080 were T2D-positive and 9,721 were non-diabetic were included in this meta-analysis. T2D duration history was significantly related to pancreatic cancer incidence and insulin therapy effects. In conclusion, recent-onset T2D is probably a manifestation of pancreatic cancer whereas long-term T2D is likely a risk factor for this cancer. Insulin therapy appears to decrease the incidence of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Haisu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Ping Bie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Comorbidity is common among cancer patients and, with an aging population, is becoming more so. Comorbidity potentially affects the development, stage at diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of people with cancer. Despite the intimate relationship between comorbidity and cancer, there is limited consensus on how to record, interpret, or manage comorbidity in the context of cancer, with the result that patients who have comorbidity are less likely to receive treatment with curative intent. Evidence in this area is lacking because of the frequent exclusion of patients with comorbidity from randomized controlled trials. There is evidence that some patients with comorbidity have potentially curative treatment unnecessarily modified, compromising optimal care. Patients with comorbidity have poorer survival, poorer quality of life, and higher health care costs. Strategies to address these issues include improving the evidence base for patients with comorbidity, further development of clinical tools to assist decision making, improved integration and coordination of care, and skill development for clinicians. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:337-350. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sarfati
- Director, Cancer Control and Screening Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bogda Koczwara
- Senior Staff Specialist, Flinders Center for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Senior Lecturer in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- Consultant Medical Oncologist, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Escalante CP, Chang YC, Liao K, Rouleau T, Halm J, Bossi P, Bhadriraju S, Brito-Dellan N, Sahai S, Yusuf SW, Zalpour A, Elting LS. Meta-analysis of cardiovascular toxicity risks in cancer patients on selected targeted agents. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:4057-74. [PMID: 27344327 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to estimate the risk and severity of cardiovascular toxicities associated with selected targeted agents. METHODS We searched English-language literature for randomized clinical trials published between January 1, 2000 and November 30, 2013 of targeted cancer therapy drugs approved by the FDA by November 2010. One hundred ten studies were eligible. Using meta-analytic methods, we calculated the relative risks of several cardiovascular toxicities [congestive heart failure (CHF), decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (DLVEF), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia, and hypertension (HTN)], adjusting for sample size using the inverse-variance technique. For each targeted agent and side effect, we calculated the number needed to harm. RESULTS Regarding CHF, trastuzumab showed significantly greater risk of all-grade and high-grade CHF. There was significant increased risk of all-grade DLVEF with sorafenib, sunitinib, and trastuzumab and high-grade DLVEF with bevacizumab and trastuzumab. Sorafenib was associated with significant increased all-grade risk of MI based on one study. None was associated with high-grade risk of MI or increased risk of arrhythmia. Bevacizumab, sorafenib, and sunitinib had significant increased risk of all-grade and high-grade HTN. CONCLUSIONS Several of the targeted agents were significantly associated with increased risk of specific cardiovascular toxicities, CHF, DLVEF, and HTN. Several had significant increased risk for high-grade cardiovascular toxicities (CHF, DLVEF, and HTN). Patients receiving such therapy should be closely monitored for these toxicities and early and aggressive treatment should occur. However, clinical experience has demonstrated that some of these toxicities may be reversible and due to secondary effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Escalante
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Y C Chang
- Houston Independent School District, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Liao
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Rouleau
- Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - J Halm
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Bossi
- Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - S Bhadriraju
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Brito-Dellan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Sahai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S W Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Zalpour
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L S Elting
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Burmeister EA, Jordan SJ, O'Connell DL, Beesley VL, Goldstein D, Gooden HM, Janda M, Merrett ND, Wyld D, Neale RE. Using a Delphi process to determine optimal care for patients with pancreatic cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 12:105-14. [PMID: 26800012 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dianne L O'Connell
- Cancer Council NSW
- University of Newcastle
- University of New South Wales
- University of Sydney
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil D Merrett
- University of Western Sydney
- Bankstown Hospital; NSW Australia
| | - David Wyld
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Brisbane
- School of Medicine; University of Queensland; Queensland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Czarnecka AM, Korzeń P, Nowak-Dement A, Kukwa W, Korniluk J, Szczylik C. Prolonged complete response following gemcitabine-erlotinib combined therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1101-1104. [PMID: 26893699 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal types of malignant solid tumor and is typically associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease, therefore, the median survival period is <6 months. Recently, a number of basic research projects and clinical trials were undertaken with the aim of improving treatment outcomes in pancreatic cancer; however, only one agent, erlotinib, passed the clinical trials. Erlotinib is an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, which when overexpressed in cancer, promotes angiogenesis, cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. The US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approved erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine for the first-line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to report a case of pancreatic cancer treated with this regimen alone to achieve a complete response (CR). A 40-year-old male with a medical history of chronic pancreatitis and hypertension was diagnosed with medically inoperable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Following palliative surgery, the patient began palliative gemcitabine and erlotinib chemotherapy. After three months, this treatment strategy resulted in a CR, as determined by imaging studies. Therapy was discontinued after 14 months due to the development of peritoneal metastases and the patient was referred for treatment with the folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin regimen. A CR is rarely reported in pancreatic cancer, however, a treatment strategy of gemcitabine and erlotinib may induce rapid regression of advanced-stage disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Piotr Korzeń
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak-Dement
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kukwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-739, Poland
| | - Jan Korniluk
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zist A, Amir E, Ocana AF, Seruga B. Impact of comorbidity on the outcome in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with docetaxel. Radiol Oncol 2015; 49:402-8. [PMID: 26834528 PMCID: PMC4722932 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may not receive docetaxel in everyday clinical practice due to comorbidities. Here we explore the impact of comorbidity on outcome in men with mCRPC treated with docetaxel in a population-based outcome study. Methods Men with mCRPC treated with docetaxel at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana between 2005 and 2012 were eligible. Comorbidity was assessed by the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (aa-CCI) and adult comorbidity evaluation (ACE-27) index. Hospital admissions due to the toxicity and deaths during treatment with docetaxel were used as a measure of tolerability. Association between comorbidity and overall survival (OS) was tested using the Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results Two hundred and eight men were treated with docetaxel. No, mild, moderate and severe comorbidity was present in 2%, 32%, 53% and 13% using aa-CCI and in 27%, 35%, 29% and 8% when assessed by ACE-27. A substantial dose reduction of docetaxel occurred more often in men with moderate or severe comorbidity as compared to those with no or mild comorbidity. At all comorbidity levels about one-third of men required hospitalization or died during treatment with docetaxel. In univariate analysis a higher level of comorbidity was not associated with worse OS (aa-CCI HR 0.99; [95% CI 0.87–1.13], p = 0.93; ACE-27: HR 0.96; [95% CI 0.79–1.17], p = 0.69). Conclusions Men with mCRPC, who have comorbidities may benefit from treatment with docetaxel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Zist
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eitan Amir
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alberto F Ocana
- Medical Oncology Department and Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital, Spain
| | - Bostjan Seruga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mao Y, Tao M, Jia X, Xu H, Chen K, Tang H, Li D. Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17102. [PMID: 26598798 PMCID: PMC4656995 DOI: 10.1038/srep17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent diabetes has been linked with an increased risk of death in many cancers, but findings in pancreatic cancer have been inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of diabetes on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Of 4, 463 original articles, 41 were included in the review; 29 studies with 33 risk estimates were included in the meta-analysis. In the overall comparison of patients with pancreatic cancer and diabetes with their nondiabetic counterparts, the former had significantly higher all-cause mortality (pooled HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.22). Subgroup analyses showed that diabetes was associated with poor survival in patients with resectable disease (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.15-1.63) but not in those with unresectable disease (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.89-1.29). The HR (95% CI) was 1.52 (1.20-1.93) for patients with new-onset diabetes (≤ 2 years of diabetes duration) and 1.22 (0.83-1.80) for those with longstanding diabetes (> 2 years). Diabetes was associated with higher mortality overall in patients with pancreatic cancer. The effect of diabetes on overall survival was associated with the stages of tumor and the duration of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Mao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cardone RA, Greco MR, Zeeberg K, Zaccagnino A, Saccomano M, Bellizzi A, Bruns P, Menga M, Pilarsky C, Schwab A, Alves F, Kalthoff H, Casavola V, Reshkin SJ. A novel NHE1-centered signaling cassette drives epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent pancreatic tumor metastasis and is a target for combination therapy. Neoplasia 2015; 17:155-66. [PMID: 25748234 PMCID: PMC4351296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers principally because of early invasion and metastasis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is essential for PDAC development even in the presence of Kras, but its inhibition with erlotinib gives only a modest clinical response, making the discovery of novel EGFR targets of critical interest. Here, we revealed by mining a human pancreatic gene expression database that the metastasis promoter Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) associates with the EGFR in PDAC. In human PDAC cell lines, we confirmed that NHE1 drives both basal and EGF-stimulated three-dimensional growth and early invasion via invadopodial extracellular matrix digestion. EGF promoted the complexing of EGFR with NHE1 via the scaffolding protein Na +/H + exchanger regulatory factor 1, engaging EGFR in a negative transregulatory loop that controls the extent and duration of EGFR oncogenic signaling and stimulates NHE1. The specificity of NHE1 for growth or invasion depends on the segregation of the transient EGFR/Na +/H + exchanger regulatory factor 1/NHE1 signaling complex into dimeric subcomplexes in different lipid raftlike membrane domains. This signaling complex was also found in tumors developed in orthotopic mice. Importantly, the specific NHE1 inhibitor cariporide reduced both three-dimensional growth and invasion independently of PDAC subtype and synergistically sensitized these behaviors to low doses of erlotinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Katrine Zeeberg
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Zaccagnino
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 7, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mara Saccomano
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-37075, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Bellizzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Philipp Bruns
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27 b, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marta Menga
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27 b, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-37075, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 7, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen YG, Pan HH, Dai MS, Lin C, Lu CS, Su SL, Chang PY, Huang TC, Chen JH, Wu YY, Chen YC, Ho CL. Impact of Comorbidity and Age on Determinants Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Pancreatic Head Cancer Patients With Obstructive Jaundices. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1298. [PMID: 26252308 PMCID: PMC4616572 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between prognostic factors and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced pancreatic head cancers who initially presented with obstructive jaundice. Furthermore, the impact of age and comorbidities on therapeutic strategies in such patients was evaluated.A total of 79 advanced pancreatic head cancer patients who were treated at our institution between January 2006 and November 2013 were reviewed. We analyzed OS risk factors including sex, age, laboratory characteristics, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Charlson Comorbidity Index Scores (CCIS), and therapeutic strategies using Cox proportional hazards regression models.There was no difference in the OS of patients according to the type biliary drainage procedure they underwent. Other related factors, such as better performance status, lower CCIS, and receiving chemotherapy significantly correlated with survival in multivariate analyses. There was a significant survival benefit in systemic chemotherapy compared to best supportive care (BSC) or local radiotherapy. However, no survival benefit was found in elderly patients (age >70 years) undergoing systemic therapy compared to younger patients, except in those elderly patients with CCIS ≤ 1.In advanced pancreatic head cancer patients with obstructive jaundice, systemic therapy and adequate biliary drainage were still the most effective procedures for improving OS in the general population. However, in elderly patients with relatively higher CCIS, BSC with adequate biliary drainage was palliative and no less effective than systemic/local therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Guang Chen
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (Y-GC, M-SD, C-SL, P-YC, T-CH, J-HC, Y-YW, Y-CC, CLH); Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (H-HP); Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (CL, SLS); School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (S-LS); and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC (C-SL)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khanal N, Upadhyay S, Dahal S, Bhatt VR, Silberstein PT. Systemic therapy in stage IV pancreatic cancer: a population-based analysis using the National Cancer Data Base. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2015; 7:198-205. [PMID: 26136851 DOI: 10.1177/1758834015579313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer accounts for approximately 7% of all cancer deaths. More than half of all pancreatic cancers are stage IV at diagnosis, where systemic chemotherapy is used with the goal of life prolongation as well as palliation. The patient characteristics and health system factors that drive the use of systemic therapy are unknown. METHOD This is a retrospective study of stage IV pancreatic cancer patients (n = 140,210) diagnosed between 2000 and 2011 in the NCDB. NCDB contains approximately 70% of new cancer diagnosis from more than 1500 accredited cancer programs in the United States and Puerto Rico. Chi-squared test was used to determine any differences in characteristics of patients who did or did not receive systemic therapy. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that only 49.1% of stage IV pancreatic cancer patients received systemic therapy. The use of systemic therapy is significantly lower in female, African American/Hispanic, patients older than 40 years, those without insurance or with Medicare and Medicaid, higher Charlson Comorbidity Score, poor economic and educational status and in nonacademic centers. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study to evaluate the determinants of systemic therapy use in stage IV pancreatic cancer. The use of systemic therapy was significantly lower in patients older than 40 years, lower educational status, nonprivate insurance and with higher Charlson Comorbidity Scores. In addition, the use of systemic therapy was lower with female sex, African Americans/Hispanic, and lower socio-economic status. Understanding the barriers in the use of systemic therapy as well as appropriate utilization of systemic therapy can both optimize cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Khanal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 N. 30th Street Suite 5850, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Smrity Upadhyay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sumit Dahal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Vijaya Raj Bhatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peter T Silberstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kazim S, Malafa MP, Coppola D, Husain K, Zibadi S, Kashyap T, Crochiere M, Landesman Y, Rashal T, Sullivan DM, Mahipal A. Selective Nuclear Export Inhibitor KPT-330 Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Gemcitabine in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1570-81. [PMID: 25934708 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive and deadly malignancy responsible for the death of over 37,000 Americans each year. Gemcitabine-based therapy is the standard treatment for pancreatic cancer but has limited efficacy due to chemoresistance. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of gemcitabine combined with the selective nuclear export (CRM1) inhibitor KPT-330 on pancreatic cancer growth. Human pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 and metastatic pancreatic cancer L3.6pl cell lines were treated with different concentrations of KPT-330 and gemcitabine alone or in combination, and anchorage-dependent/independent growth was recorded. In addition, L3.6pl cells with luciferase were injected orthotopically into the pancreas of athymic nude mice, which were treated with (i) vehicle (PBS 1 mL/kg i.p., 2/week and povidone/pluronic F68 1 mL/kg p.o., 3/week), (ii) KPT-330 (20 mg/kg p.o., 3/week), (iii) gemcitabine (100 mg/kg i.p., 2/week), or (iv) KPT-330 (10 mg/kg) + gemcitabine (50 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. KPT-330 and gemcitabine alone dose-dependently inhibited anchorage-dependent growth in vitro and tumor volume in vivo compared with vehicle treatment. However, the combination inhibited growth synergistically. In combination, KPT-330 and gemcitabine acted synergistically to enhance pancreatic cancer cell death greater than each single-agent therapy. Mechanistically, KPT-330 and gemcitabine promoted apoptosis, induced p27, depleted survivin, and inhibited accumulation of DNA repair proteins. Together, our data suggest that KPT-330 potentiates the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer through inhibition of tumor growth, depletion of the antiapoptotic proteins, and induction of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Kazim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kazim Husain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sherma Zibadi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | | | - Tami Rashal
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel M Sullivan
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Collins DC, Morris PG. Systemic therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: individualising cytotoxic therapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:851-61. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1024654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
38
|
Kobayashi M, Shimodaira S, Nagai K, Ogasawara M, Takahashi H, Abe H, Tanii M, Okamoto M, Tsujitani SI, Yusa S, Ishidao T, Kishimoto J, Shibamoto Y, Nagaya M, Yonemitsu Y. Prognostic factors related to add-on dendritic cell vaccines on patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy: a multicenter analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:797-806. [PMID: 24777613 PMCID: PMC11028555 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines may have a significant benefit to patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. However, variations among clinical studies make it difficult to compare clinical outcomes. Here, we identified factors that determined the clinical benefits by analyzing data obtained at seven Japanese institutions that employed the same DC preparation and treatment regimens. METHODS Of 354 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 255 patients who received standard chemotherapy combined with peptide-pulsed DC vaccines were analyzed. RESULTS The mean survival time from diagnosis was 16.5 months (95 % CI 14.4-18.5) and that from the first vaccination was 9.9 months (95 % CI 8.0-12.9). Known prognostic baseline factors related to advanced pancreatic cancer, namely ECOG-PS, peritoneal metastasis, liver metastasis, and the prognostic nutrition index, were also representative. Importantly, we found that erythema reaction after vaccination was an independent and treatment-related prognostic factor for better survival and that OK-432 might be a good adjuvant enhancing the antitumor immunity during DC vaccination. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a multicenter clinical study suggesting the feasibility and possible clinical benefit of an add-on DC vaccine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy. These findings need to be addressed in well-controlled prospective randomized trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shigetaka Shimodaira
- Cell Processing Center, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagai
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy Unit, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogasawara
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0006 Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masato Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Yusa
- Research and Development Division, Tella Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Junji Kishimoto
- Data Management Center, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- Seren Clinic Tokyo, 2-10-2, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071 Japan
- Department of Immunology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 261-8511 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yonemitsu
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - The DC Vaccine Study Group at the Japan Society of Innovative Cell Therapy (J-SICT)
- Seren Clinic Nagoya, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0008 Japan
- Cell Processing Center, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621 Japan
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy Unit, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0006 Japan
- Seren Clinic Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 810-0001 Japan
- Seren Clinic Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0001 Japan
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
- Research and Development Division, Tella Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Data Management Center, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
- Seren Clinic Tokyo, 2-10-2, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0071 Japan
- Department of Immunology, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, 261-8511 Japan
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xiaoping L, Leizhen Z. Advances of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for pancreatic cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2014; 29:678-82. [PMID: 24102396 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.837199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a novel therapeutic modality. Several preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of HIFU for treating solid tumours, including pancreatic cancer. Preliminary studies suggest that HIFU may be useful for the palliative therapy of cancer-related pain in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. This review provides a brief overview of HIFU, describes current clinical applications of HIFU for pancreatic cancer, and discusses future applications and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiaoping
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world. Due to lack of specific symptoms and no accessible precursor lesions, primary diagnosis is commonly delayed, resulting in the identification of only 15-20% of patients with potentially curable disease. The major limiting factor is an already locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Consequently, systemic therapy forms the backbone of treatment strategy for the majority of patients. SUMMARY A deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of pancreatic cancer has led to the identification of several potential therapeutic targets. A variety of targeted therapies are currently under clinical evaluation as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy for PDAC. This review highlights the current state of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer and provides an outlook on its future perspectives. KEY MESSAGE This review focuses on the current chemotherapy regimens for the systemic treatment of PDAC. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Various neoadjuvant approaches have been explored, including chemoradiation, chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation or intensified chemotherapy without defining a standard of care so far. The standard of care is gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil. The oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 may be a promising new agent in this setting. For first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer, no targeted therapy has yet demonstrated clinical benefit apart from the combination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib plus gemcitabine. Recently, novel chemotherapeutic regimens such as FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel have been introduced. Both combinations have proved to be superior to the standard gemcitabine regimen. For second-line treatment the combination of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and oxaliplatin yields improved results compared to best supportive care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Influence of comorbidity, age and performance status on treatment efficacy and safety of cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1269-75. [PMID: 24503027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the influence of comorbidity, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and age on the efficacy and safety profile of cetuximab and irinotecan in elderly irinotecan-pretreated patients with mCRC. METHODS 497 patients with mCRC were entered in the database of this non-interventional study (NIS). Comorbid conditions were recorded. RESULTS A total of 247 and 250 patients aged <65 and >65 years, respectively, with a median age of 66 y were documented; 78% of the patients showed a reduced ECOG status. Grade III/IV toxicities occurred in 18% of patients without any difference between age groups although older patients had more comorbidities with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (p = 0.002). Skin rash was strongly related to response (p = 0.006). Age, line of therapy, ECOG, gender and CCI had no influence on response. The objective response rates were similar: 38.1% for age <65 years versus 36.4% for age >65 years (p = 0.57). Progression-free survival (PFS) did not differ between patients 18-65 years (6.0 months) and patients >65 years (6.2 months; p = 0.99). Only PS had a negative impact on PFS (hazard ratio (HR): 0,499; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-0.72; p=0.002), whereas the presence of skin toxicity (grade>1) influenced PFS and response rate (RR) positively (HR: 2.04; 95% CI, 1.6-2.6; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Only PS and age had a negative influence on PFS irrespective of CCI or age. There were no significant differences in response rate and safety profile for elderly patients when treated with cetuximab and irinotecan. Comorbidities and age had no influence on efficacy or toxicity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kos FT, Yazici O, Civelek B, Seker M, Arik Z, Aksoy S, Uncu D, Ozdemir N, Zengin N. Evaluation of the effect of comorbidity on survival in pancreatic cancer by using "Charlson Comorbidity Index" and "Cumulative Illness Rating Scale". Wien Klin Wochenschr 2013; 126:36-41. [PMID: 24249323 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-013-0453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect of comorbidity on the treatments that patients receive is not clear, as healthy elderly patients and the elderly with less comorbid diseases are included in the studies. In the present study, the effect of comorbidity on the survival was evaluated using Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). MATERIAL AND METHOD The general features and comorbid diseases of the pancreatic cancer patients were retrospectively screened from the patient files using the automated system. CCI and CIRS were used as the comorbidity indices. RESULTS A total of 106 patients with pancreatic cancer were included in the study. The median overall survival rate was 9.0 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 6.7-11.3] months. The median overall survival rate was found as 9.4 (95 % CI: 6.7-12.1) months in the patients whose CCI score was ≤ 2 and was found as 6.2 (95 % CI: 4.0-8.3) months in the patients with CCI scores ≥ 3 (p = 0.05). The median overall survival rate was calculated as 9.8 (95 % CI: 6.3-13.4) months in the patients with CIRS scores ≤ 2 and was calculated as 8.3 (95 % CI: 6.0-10.6) months in the patients with CIRS scores ≥ 3 (p = 0.51). When surgery, radiotherapy, grading, and CCI score were evaluated using multivariate analysis, it was observed that only the treatment modality had a significant effect on the survival rate. CONCLUSION The results on the use of comorbidity indices are contradictory for the cancers with lower survival rates such as pancreatic cancer. New prognostic scales might be developed for this patient group by considering the side effects of chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Tugba Kos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, 46000, Merkez, Kahramanmaras, Turkey,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Husain K, Centeno BA, Chen DT, Hingorani SR, Sebti SM, Malafa MP. Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol prolongs survival in the LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1074-83. [PMID: 23963802 PMCID: PMC4165552 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that vitamin E δ-tocotrienol (VEDT) prolongs survival and delays progression of pancreatic cancer in the LSL-Kras(G12D)(/+);Pdx-1-Cre mouse model of pancreatic cancer. However, the effect of VEDT alone or in combination with gemcitabine in the more aggressive LSL-Kras(G12D)(/+);LSL-Trp53(R172H)(/+);Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mouse model is unknown. Here, we studied the effects of VEDT and the combination of VEDT and gemcitabine in the KPC mice. KPC mice were randomized into four groups: (i) vehicle [olive oil, 1.0 mL/kg per os twice a day and PBS 1.0 mL/kg intrapertoneally (i.p.) twice a week], (ii) gemcitabine (100 mg/kg i.p. twice a week), (iii) VEDT (200 mg/kg per os twice a day), and (iv) gemcitabine + VEDT. Mice received treatment until they displayed symptoms of impending death from pancreatic cancer, at which point animals were euthanized. At 16 weeks, survival was 10% in the vehicle group, 30% in the gemcitabine group, 70% in the VEDT group (P < 0.01), and 90% in the VEDT combined with gemcitabine group (P < 0.05). VEDT alone and combined with gemcitabine resulted in reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumors. Biomarkers of apoptosis (plasma CK18), PARP1 cleavage, and Bax expression were more greatly induced in tumors subjected to combined treatment versus individual treatment. Combined treatment induced cell-cycle inhibitors (p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1)) and inhibited VEGF, vascularity (CD31), and oncogenic signaling (pAKT, pMEK, and pERK) greater than individual drugs. No significant differences in body weight gain between drug treatment and control mice were observed. These results strongly support further investigation of VEDT alone and in combination with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Husain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cai S, Hong TS, Goldberg SI, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Thayer SP, Ferrone CR, Ryan DP, Blaszkowsky LS, Kwak EL, Willett CG, Lillemoe KD, Warshaw AL, Wo JY. Updated long-term outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with intraoperative radiotherapy at the Massachusetts General Hospital, 1978 to 2010. Cancer 2013; 119:4196-204. [PMID: 24006012 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study, the authors evaluated long-term outcomes, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT)-related toxicity, and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) among patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) who received IORT as part of their treatment at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). METHODS Medical records were reviewed for 194 consecutive patients with unresectable LAPC who were treated with IORT at MGH between 1978 and 2010. OS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated at the univariate level by the log-rank test and at the multivariate level by the Cox proportional hazards model. Rates of disease progression and treatment toxicity were calculated. RESULTS The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 49%, 16%, and 6%, respectively. Six patients (3%) survived for > 5 years. The median OS was 12.0 months. Among 183 patients with known post-IORT disease status, the 2-year local progression-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 41% and 28%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, an IORT applicator diameter ≤ 8 cm (hazards ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.30-0.84 [P = .009]), a Charlson age-comorbidity index ≤ 3 (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.31-0.73 [P = .001]), and receipt of chemotherapy (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.33-0.66 [P < .001]) predicted improved OS. The median OS for patients with all 3 positive prognostic factors was 21.2 months. CONCLUSIONS Well-selected patients with LAPC with small tumors and low Charlson age-comorbidity indices can achieve good long-term survival outcomes with a treatment regimen that incorporates chemotherapy and IORT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Scaringi C, Enrici RM, Minniti G. Combining molecular targeted agents with radiation therapy for malignant gliomas. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1079-95. [PMID: 23966794 PMCID: PMC3745290 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s48224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion in understanding the molecular biology that characterizes cancer cells has led to the rapid development of new agents to target important molecular pathways associated with aberrant activation or suppression of cellular signal transduction pathways involved in gliomagenesis, including epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, and integrins signaling pathways. The use of antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus, and integrin inhibitor cilengitide, in combination with radiation therapy, has been supported by encouraging preclinical data, resulting in a rapid translation into clinical trials. Currently, the majority of published clinical studies on the use of these agents in combination with radiation and cytotoxic therapies have shown only modest survival benefits at best. Tumor heterogeneity and genetic instability may, at least in part, explain the poor results observed with a single-target approach. Much remains to be learned regarding the optimal combination of targeted agents with conventional chemoradiation, including the use of multipathways-targeted therapies, the selection of patients who may benefit from combined treatments based on molecular biomarkers, and the verification of effective blockade of signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scaringi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth or fifth leading cause of death from cancer in Western industrialized countries. Surgical resection is the only chance of cure, but only 15-20 % of cases are potentially resectable at presentation, and despite complete resection, the overall prognosis remains relatively poor. Adjuvant therapy has modestly improved cure rates. The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer are over the age of 65 years. But this age group is underrepresented within clinical trials, and it is unknown whether older patients achieve similar results to younger ones in terms of survival and treatment tolerance. In addition, there are no clinical trials dedicated to the elderly. Retrospective studies coming from the non-resectable setting provide some understanding on outcomes in older patients with PDAC. To date, we can reasonably argue that selected elderly patients with PDAC can benefit from curative surgery and postoperative chemotherapy as do their younger counterparts, without a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Gemcitabine should be preferred to 5-fluorouracil on the basis of a better risk-benefit balance.
Collapse
|
47
|
Jin X, Sun J, Miao X, Liu G, Zhong D. Inhibitory effect of geraniol in combination with gemcitabine on proliferation of BXPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:993-1001. [PMID: 23801065 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513480919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of geraniol alone, or in combination with gemcitabine, on the proliferation of BXPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells. Methods BXPC-3 cells were treated under different conditions: with geraniol at 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 µmol/l each for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h; with 20 µmol/l geraniol for 24 h or 0 h before 20 µmol/l gemcitabine for 24 h; with 20 µmol/l geraniol for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h following 20 µmol/l gemcitabine for 24 h; or with 20 µmol/l gemcitabine alone as a control. Cell proliferation was assessed and changes in cell morphology were assessed by light and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Results Geraniol inhibited BXPC-3 cell proliferation in a time- and dosa-dependent manner. Geraniol alone or combined with gemcitabine induced BXPC-3 cell apoptosis. BXPC-3 inhibition rates with combined treatment were 55.24%, 50.69%, 49.83%, 41.85% and 45.27% following treatment with 20 µmol/l geraniol for 24 h or 0 h before 20 µmol/l gemcitabine for 24 h, or 20 µmol/l geraniol for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, following 20 µmol/l gemcitabine for 24 h, respectively. Conclusion Geraniol inhibited the proliferation of BXPC-3 cells. Geraniol significantly increased the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of gemcitabine on BXPC-3 cells. Maximum inhibition of BXPC-3 cells was achieved with geraniol treatment for 24 h before gemcitabine treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Jin
- Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jichun Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiongyong Miao
- Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guoli Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dewu Zhong
- Department of Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Goyal J, Pond GR, Galsky MD, Hendricks R, Small A, Tsao CK, Sonpavde G. Association of the Charlson comorbidity index and hypertension with survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:36.e27-34. [PMID: 23685020 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The independent prognostic effect of comorbidities on outcomes in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is unclear. We sought to determine whether the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and hypertension (HTN) are associated with overall survival (OS) independent of known clinical prognostic factors in mCRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 221 patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel plus prednisone combined with AT-101 (bcl-2 antagonist) or placebo on a prospective randomized phase II trial. The Cox regression analysis was performed to identify whether the CCI or HTN or both (by medical history) independently predicted OS after adjusting for baseline variables known to be associated with OS. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Fisher exact test were used to compare data by comorbidity groups (CCI as a continuous variable, CCI = 6 vs. CCI ≥ 7 and HTN vs. no HTN). RESULTS The CCI was 6 in 116 patients (52.7%), 7 in 70 (31.8%), 8 in 23 (10.5%), 9 in 4 (1.8%), and 10 in 7 patients (3.2%). HTN was present in 107 (48.6%) patients. Patients with CCI of ≥ 7 were older and exhibited worse performance status and anemia than patients with CCI of 6 (P<0.05). The CCI was not independently predictive of OS on univariable and multivariable analyses. HTN alone or in combination with the CCI was borderline significantly associated with OS (P ~ 0.09) on both univariable and multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS The CCI did not predict OS independent of known prognostic factors in mCRPC. Age, performance status, and anemia may adequately capture comorbidities in the context of mCRPC, given their association with higher CCI. Further prospective study of comorbidities in a larger data set may be warranted. The study of HTN in a larger data set may also be warranted given its borderline-independent association with OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Goyal
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gregory R Pond
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ryan Hendricks
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Small
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Che-Kai Tsao
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wo JY, Hong TS, Kachnic LA. Impact of Age and Comorbidities on the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Malignancies. Semin Radiat Oncol 2012; 22:311-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
50
|
Huang Z, Saluja A, Dudeja V, Vickers S, Buchsbaum D. Molecular targeted approaches for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17:2221-38. [PMID: 21777178 PMCID: PMC3422746 DOI: 10.2174/138161211796957427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pancreatic cancer remains a highly malignant disease with almost similar incidence and mortality despite extensive research. Many targeted therapies are under development. However, clinical investigation showed that single targeted therapies and most combined therapies were not able to improve the prognosis of this disease, even though some of these therapies had excellent anti-tumor effects in pre-clinical models. Cross-talk between cell proliferation signaling pathways may be an important phenomenon in pancreatic cancer, which may result in cancer cell survival even though some pathways are blocked by targeted therapy. Pancreatic cancer may possess different characteristics and targets in different stages of pathogenesis, maintenance and metastasis. Sensitivity to therapy may also vary for cancer cells at different stages. The unique pancreatic cancer structure with abundant stroma creates a tumor microenvironment with hypoxia and low blood perfusion rate, which prevents drug delivery to cancer cells. In this review, the most commonly investigated targeted therapies in pancreatic cancer treatment are discussed. However, how to combine these targeted therapies and/or combine them with chemotherapy to improve the survival rate of pancreatic cancer is still a challenge. Genomic and proteomic studies using pancreatic cancer samples obtained from either biopsy or surgery are recommended to individualize tumor characters and to perform drug sensitivity study in order to design a tailored therapy with minimal side effects. These studies may help to further investigate tumor pathogenesis, maintenance and metastasis to create cellular expression profiles at different stages. Integration of the information obtained needs to be performed from multiple levels and dimensions in order to develop a successful targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z.Q. Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham USA
| | - A.K. Saluja
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - V. Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - S.M. Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - D.J. Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham USA
| |
Collapse
|