1
|
Li X, Shang S, Wu M, Song Q, Chen D. Gut microbial metabolites in lung cancer development and immunotherapy: Novel insights into gut-lung axis. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217096. [PMID: 38969161 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic derivatives of numerous microorganisms inhabiting the human gut can participate in regulating physiological activities and immune status of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. The current well-established microbial metabolites include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan and its derivatives, polyamines (PAs), secondary bile acids (SBAs), etc. As the study continues to deepen, the critical function of microbial metabolites in the occurrence and treatment of lung cancer has gradually been revealed. Microbial derivates can enter the circulation system to modulate the immune microenvironment of lung cancer. Mechanistically, oncometabolites damage host DNA and promote the occurrence of lung cancer, while tumor-suppresive metabolites directly affect the immune system to combat the malignant properties of cancer cells and even show considerable application potential in improving the efficacy of lung cancer immunotherapy. Considering the crosstalk along the gut-lung axis, in-depth exploration of microbial metabolites in patients' feces or serum will provide novel guidance for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment selection strategies. In addition, targeted therapeutics on microbial metabolites are expected to overcome the bottleneck of lung cancer immunotherapy and alleviate adverse reactions, including fecal microbiota transplantation, microecological preparations, metabolite synthesis and drugs targeting metabolic pathways. In summary, this review provides novel insights and explanations on the intricate interplay between gut microbial metabolites and lung cancer development, and immunotherapy through the lens of the gut-lung axis, which further confirms the possible translational potential of the microbiome metabolome in lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shijie Shang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsudo K, Takada K, Kinoshita F, Hashinokuchi A, Nagano T, Akamine T, Kohno M, Takenaka T, Shimokawa M, Oda Y, Yoshizumi T. CD155 Expression in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2024:S0003-4975(24)00476-4. [PMID: 38901626 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cluster of differentiation (CD) 155 is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the nectin-like molecule family, which is widely overexpressed in several types of cancer. However, the clinical significance of CD155 in pathologic stage I lung adenocarcinoma remains poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed 320 patients diagnosed with pathologic stage I lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment at Kyushu University Hospital between 2006 and 2015. The number of tumor cells expressing CD155 was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and patients were categorized into high and low CD155 expression groups. We compared the clinical and pathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes between these groups. RESULTS Mutation status of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) was determined in 237 patients. A total of 106 patients (33.1%) had EGFR wild-type, and 131 patients (40.9%) had EGFR mutant-type. CD155 expression was classified as high in 77 patients (24.1%) and as low in 243 (75.9%) as low. Multivariate analysis identified pleural invasion and EGFR wild-type as independent predictors of high CD155 expression. The Kaplan-Meier plot demonstrated significantly poorer recurrence-free survival and overall survival in the high CD155 group compared with the low CD155 group. Multivariate analysis showed high CD155 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for recurrence-free and overall survival. Subgroup analyses revealed that a prognostic difference related to CD155 expression was observed only in patients with EGFR wild-type but not in those with EGFR mutant-type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high expression of CD155 is associated with EGFR wild-type and could serve as a valuable prognostic marker in pathologic stage I lung adenocarcinoma, particularly in cases without EGFR mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoto Matsudo
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takada
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asato Hashinokuchi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taichi Nagano
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaki Akamine
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Kohno
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Takenaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kanahori M, Shimada E, Matsumoto Y, Endo M, Fujiwara T, Nabeshima A, Hirose T, Kawaguchi K, Oyama R, Oda Y, Nakashima Y. Immune evasion in lung metastasis of leiomyosarcoma: upregulation of EPCAM inhibits CD8 + T cell infiltration. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1083-1095. [PMID: 38291183 PMCID: PMC10991329 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leiomyosarcomas are among the most common histological types of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), with no effective treatment available for advanced patients. Lung metastasis, the most common site of distant metastasis, is the primary prognostic factor. We analysed the immune environment targeting lung metastasis of STS to explore new targets for immunotherapy. METHODS We analysed the immune environment of primary and lung metastases in 38 patients with STS using immunohistochemistry. Next, we performed gene expression analyses on primary and lung metastatic tissues from six patients with leiomyosarcoma. Using human leiomyosarcoma cell lines, the effects of the identified genes on immune cells were assessed in vitro. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed a significant decrease in CD8+ cells in the lung metastases of leiomyosarcoma. Among the genes upregulated in lung metastases, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EPCAM) showed the strongest negative correlation with the number of CD8+ cells. Transwell assay results showed that the migration of CD8+ T cells was significantly increased in the conditioned media obtained after inhibition or knock down of EPCAM. CONCLUSIONS EPCAM was upregulated in lung metastases of leiomyosarcoma, suggesting inhibition of CD8+ T cell migration. Our findings suggest that EPCAM could serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for leiomyosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Kanahori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eijiro Shimada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Nabeshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawaguchi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Oyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Najjary S, de Koning W, Kros JM, Mustafa DAM. Unlocking molecular mechanisms and identifying druggable targets in matched-paired brain metastasis of breast and lung cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1305644. [PMID: 38149244 PMCID: PMC10750385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of brain metastases in cancer patients is increasing, with lung and breast cancer being the most common sources. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, the prognosis remains poor, highlighting the importance to investigate the underlying mechanisms in brain metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the molecular mechanisms involved in brain metastasis of breast and lung cancers. In addition, we aimed to identify cancer lineage-specific druggable targets in the brain metastasis. Methods To that aim, a cohort of 44 FFPE tissue samples, including 22 breast cancer and 22 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and their matched-paired brain metastases were collected. Targeted gene expression profiles of primary tumors were compared to their matched-paired brain metastases samples using nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ Panel of NanoString technologies. Pathway analysis was performed using gene set analysis (GSA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The validation was performed by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results Our results revealed the significant upregulation of cancer-related genes in primary tumors compared to their matched-paired brain metastases (adj. p ≤ 0.05). We found that upregulated differentially expressed genes in breast cancer brain metastasis (BM-BC) and brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) were associated with the metabolic stress pathway, particularly related to the glycolysis. Additionally, we found that the upregulated genes in BM-BC and BM-LUAD played roles in immune response regulation, tumor growth, and proliferation. Importantly, we identified high expression of the immune checkpoint VTCN1 in BM-BC, and VISTA, IDO1, NT5E, and HDAC3 in BM-LUAD. Validation using immunohistochemistry further supported these findings. Conclusion In conclusion, the findings highlight the significance of using matched-paired samples to identify cancer lineage-specific therapies that may improve brain metastasis patients outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dana A. M. Mustafa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matsubara E, Shinchi Y, Komohara Y, Yano H, Pan C, Fujiwara Y, Ikeda K, Suzuki M. PD-L2 overexpression on tumor-associated macrophages is one of the predictors for better prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:250-256. [PMID: 37402054 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) signals are standard therapies for advanced-stage lung cancer, and the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer tissue predicts immunotherapy efficacy. Although programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) is expressed in cancer cells and macrophages, similar to PD-L1, its significance in lung cancer is unclear. Double immunohistochemistry analyses using anti-PD-L2 and anti-PU.1 antibodies were carried out on tissue array sections from 231 cases of lung adenocarcinoma, and PD-L2 expression in macrophages was evaluated. High PD-L2 expression in macrophages was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) and observed more often in females, non-heavy smokers, and patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and those at a lower disease stage. Significant correlations were found more frequently in patients with EGFR mutations. Cell culture studies revealed that cancer cell-derived soluble factors induced PD-L2 overexpression in macrophages, suggesting the involvement of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The present findings suggest that PD-L2 expression in macrophages predicts PFS and CSS in lung adenocarcinoma without immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Matsubara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shinchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koei Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kinoshita F, Takada K, Wakasu S, Saito S, Hashinokuchi A, Matsudo K, Nagano T, Akamine T, Kohno M, Takenaka T, Shimokawa M, Oda Y, Yoshizumi T. Granzyme B (GZMB)-Positive Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Significance as a Prognostic Factor and Association with Immunosuppressive Proteins. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7579-7589. [PMID: 37587364 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granzyme B (GZMB) is a serine protease produced by cytotoxic lymphocytes that reflects the activity of anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); however, the prognostic significance of GZMB+ TILs in lung adenocarcinoma is poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed 273 patients with pathological stage (pStage) I-IIIA lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery at Kyushu University from 2003 to 2012. We evaluated GZMB+ TIL counts by immunohistochemistry. We set the cut-off values at 12 cells/0.04 mm2 for GZMB+ TILs and divided the patients into GZMB-High (n = 171) and GZMB-Low (n = 102) groups. Then, we compared the clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups and clinical outcomes. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression in tumor cells was also evaluated, and combined prognostic analyses of GZMB+ TILs with PD-L1 or IDO1 were performed. RESULTS GZMB-Low was significantly associated with pStage II-III, PD-L1 positivity, and IDO1 positivity. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the GZMB-Low group were significantly worse than in the GZMB-High group. In multivariable analysis, GZMB-Low was an independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS. Furthermore, combined prognostic analyses of GZMB+ TILs with PD-L1 or IDO1 showed that GZMB-Low with high expression of these immunosuppressive proteins had the worst prognosis. CONCLUSIONS We analyzed GZMB+ TIL counts in lung adenocarcinoma and elucidated its prognostic significance and association with PD-L1 and IDO1. GZMB+ TIL counts might reflect the patient's immunity against cancer cells and could be a useful prognostic marker of lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takada
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sho Wakasu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Saito
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asato Hashinokuchi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoto Matsudo
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taichi Nagano
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaki Akamine
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Kohno
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Takenaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Najjary S, Kros JM, de Koning W, Vadgama D, Lila K, Wolf J, Mustafa DAM. Tumor lineage-specific immune response in brain metastatic disease: opportunities for targeted immunotherapy regimen? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:64. [PMID: 37061716 PMCID: PMC10105417 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases in the brain are the most severe and devastating complication of cancer. The incidence of brain metastasis is increasing. Therefore, the need of finding specific druggable targets for brain metastasis is demanding. The aim of this study was to compare the brain (immune) response to brain metastases of the most common tumor lineages, viz., lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Targeted gene expression profiles of 11 brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) were compared to 11 brain metastasis of breast cancer (BCBM) using NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ Panel. The most promising results were validated spatially using the novel GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) Technology. Additionally, Immune cell profiles and expression of drug targets were validated by multiplex immunohistochemistry. We found a more active immune response in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In the BM-LUAD, 138 genes were upregulated as compared to BCBM (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, in BCBM 28 genes were upregulated (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, genes related to CD45 + cells, T cells, and cytotoxic T cells showed to be expressed higher in BM-LUAD compared to BCBM (adj. p = 0.01, adj. p = 0.023, adj. p = 0.023, respectively). The spatial quantification of the immune cells using the GeoMx DSP technique revealed the significantly higher quantification of CD14 and CD163 in tumor regions of BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. Importantly, the immune checkpoint VISTA and IDO1 were identified as highly expressed in the BM-LUAD. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed the finding and showed that VISTA is expressed mainly in BM-LUAD tumor cells, CD3 + cells, and to fewer levels in some microglial cells in BM-LUAD. This is the first report on differences in the brain immune response between metastatic tumors of different lineages. We found a far more extensive infiltration of immune cells in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In addition, we found higher expression of VISTA and IDO1 in BM-LUAD. Taken together, targeted immune therapy should be considered to treat patients with BM-LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Najjary
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem de Koning
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Disha Vadgama
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karishma Lila
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janina Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shinchi Y, Ishizuka S, Komohara Y, Matsubara E, Mito R, Pan C, Yoshii D, Yonemitsu K, Fujiwara Y, Ikeda K, Tamada K, Sakagami T, Suzuki M. The expression of PD-1 ligand 1 on macrophages and its clinical impacts and mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2645-2661. [PMID: 35352168 PMCID: PMC8963674 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) are target molecules for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. PD-L1 is expressed not only in cancer cells, but also on macrophages, and has been suggested to contribute to macrophage-mediated immune suppression. We examined the clinical significance of PD-L1 expression on macrophages in human lung adenocarcinoma. The mechanism of PD-L1 overexpression on macrophages was investigated by means of cell culture studies and animal studies. The results showed that high PD-L1 expression on macrophages was correlated with the presence of EGFR mutation, a lower cancer grade, and a shorter cancer-specific overall survival. In an in vitro study using lung cancer cell lines and human monocyte-derived macrophages, the conditioned medium from cancer cells was found to up-regulate PD-L1 expression on macrophages via STAT3 activation, and a cytokine array revealed that granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was a candidate factor that induced PD-L1 expression. Culture studies using recombinant GM-CSF, neutralizing antibody, and inhibitors indicated that PD-L1 overexpression was induced via STAT3 activation by GM-CSF derived from cancer cells. In a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model, anti-GM-CSF therapy inhibited cancer development via the suppression of macrophage infiltration and the promotion of lymphocyte infiltration into cancer tissue; however, the PD-L1 expression on macrophages remained unchanged. PD-L1 overexpression on macrophages via the GM-CSF/STAT3 pathway was suggested to promote cancer progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer cell-derived GM-CSF might be a promising target for anti-lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shinchi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiho Ishizuka
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Eri Matsubara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Remi Mito
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yonemitsu
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuouku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koei Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kawatoko S, Kohashi K, Torisu T, Sasaki T, Umekita S, Oki E, Nakamura M, Kitazono T, Oda Y. Solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach: A characteristic morphology reveals a distinctive immunoregulatory tumor microenvironment. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154124. [PMID: 36137397 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (solid-type-PDA) of the stomach is a unique histological subtype of "tubular adenocarcinoma", but little is known about its clinicopathological features, molecular pathological characteristics and immunoregulatory tumor microenvironment. Herein, we examined the immunohistochemical expressions of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6) in 57 cases of solid-type-PDA and classified them as either MMR-deficient or -proficient (dMMR, N = 23; pMMR, N = 34), and additionally identified 18 dMMR-well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (WDA) and 34 pMMR-WDA as control groups. We analyzed and compared solid-type-PDA with WDA by evaluating the immunoexpressions of key immune pathway proteins (programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (CD8, Foxp3 and PD-1). The results reveled IDO1 was significantly more frequent in dMMR-solid-type-PDA than in dMMR-WDA (P = 0.0046). Moreover, dMMR-solid-type-PDA tended to have higher mean CD8+ and Foxp3+ TILs compared with dMMR-WDA [P = 0.0006 (CD8+) and P = 0.1061 (Foxp3+)], and IDO1-positive tended to be associated with a large number of CD8+, Foxp3+ or PD-1+ TILs in almost all tumor subtypes. PD-L1 was significantly observed in 44 % (15/34) of pMMR-solid-type-PDA compared with 18 % (6/34) of pMMR-WDA (P = 0.0344). Although they are molecularly and morphologically classified as the same chromosomal instability subtype, overall survival (OS) and disease-free-survival (DFS) in pMMR-solid-type-PDA were significantly worse than those in pMMR-WDA [P = 0.0216 (OS) and P = 0.0160 (DFS)]. Our study demonstrates that immunoexpressions of several immunoregulatory proteins and TILs are more prevalent in dMMR-solid-type-PDA, potentially a useful discovery for designing tumor treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors or combination therapies with a PD-1/PD-L1-inhibitor and IDO1-inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kawatoko
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Umekita
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tobacco carcinogen induces tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression via induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:311. [PMID: 36068203 PMCID: PMC9448807 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan (Trp) metabolism to promote regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppress CD8+ T cells, is regulated by several intrinsic signaling pathways. Here, we found that tobacco smoke, a major public health concern that kills 8 million people each year worldwide, induced IDO1 in normal and malignant lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. The carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone (NNK) was the tobacco compound that upregulated IDO1 via activation of the transcription factor c-Jun, which has a binding site for the IDO1 promoter. The NNK receptor α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) was required for NNK-induced c-Jun activation and IDO1 upregulation. In A/J mice, NNK reduced CD8+ T cells and increased Tregs. Clinically, smoker patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibited high IDO1 levels and low Trp/kynurenine (Kyn) ratios. In NSCLC patients, smokers with lower IDO1 responded better to anti-PD1 antibody treatment than those with higher IDO1. These data indicate that tobacco smoke induces IDO1 to catabolize Trp metabolism and immune suppression to promote carcinogenesis, and lower IDO1 might be a potential biomarker for anti-PD1 antibodies in smoker patients, whereas IDO1-high smoker patients might benefit from IDO1 inhibitors in combination with anti-PD1 antibodies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ono Y, Tagawa T, Kinoshita F, Haratake N, Takada K, Kohno M, Takenaka T, Kamitani T, Shimokawa M, Oda Y, Mori M, Yoshizumi T. Relationship between consolidation tumor ratio and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in small-sized lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2134-2141. [PMID: 35791738 PMCID: PMC9346188 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consolidation tumor ratio (CTR) is associated with cancer progression and histological invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). However, little is known about the association between CTR and immune‐related factors, including tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density or tumor expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in small‐sized LAD. Methods This study included 258 patients with LAD (<3 cm) who underwent surgery. Patients were assigned to four groups: CTR = 0; 0 < CTR <0.5; 0.5 ≤ CTR <1 (ground‐glass opacity [GGO] group); and CTR = 1 (pure‐solid group). CD4+, CD8+, and FoxP3+ TIL density and PD‐L1 and IDO1 tumor expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Among the GGO group, CD8+ and FoxP3+ TIL density increased significantly with increasing CTR (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, PD‐L1 and IDO1 expression was significantly higher in the pure‐solid group than in the GGO group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions CTR was correlated with the abundance of CD8+ and FoxP3+ TILs in the GGO group. PD‐L1 and IDO1 positivity rates were significantly higher in the pure‐solid group than in the GGO group. Increased CTR may be correlated with immunosuppressive condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ono
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Haratake
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takada
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Kohno
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Takenaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kamitani
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
IDO1 plays a tumor-promoting role via MDM2-mediated suppression of the p53 pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:572. [PMID: 35760783 PMCID: PMC9237101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the intensive therapeutic strategies, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still a fatal disease due to its progressive characteristics. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key regulator that catalyzes the commitment step of the kynurenine pathway in the immune system, its aberrant activation may contribute to malignant cell escape eradication. However, the role of IDO1 in DLBCL progression remains elusive. Our study showed IDO1 expression was upregulated in DLBCL and was associated with a poor prognosis and low overall survival. Inhibition of IDO1 suppressed DLBCL cell proliferation in vitro and impeded xenograft tumorigenesis in vivo. RNA-seq analyses revealed MDM2 was downregulated while TP53 was upregulated in IDO1 inhibition OCI-Ly10 cells. Mechanistically, IDO1 inhibition decreased the expression of MDM2, a major negative regulator of p53, and restored p53 expression in OCI-Ly3 and OCI-Ly10 cells, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. IDO1 inhibition induced cell apoptosis coupled with PUMA and BAX upregulation, as well as BCL2 and BCL-XL downregulation. In addition, p21, a p53 transcriptional target, was upregulated in cell cycle arrest. Taken together, this study revealed IDO1 is essential for the proliferation of DLBCL cells and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DLBCL.
Collapse
|
13
|
Alfranca YL, García MEO, Rueda AG, Ballesteros PÁ, Rodríguez DR, Velasco MT. Blood Biomarkers of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113245. [PMID: 35683629 PMCID: PMC9181575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), either used in monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. While some patients achieve durable responses, some will not get benefit from this treatment. Early identification of non- responder patients could avoid unnecessary treatment, potentially serious immune-related adverse events and reduce treatment costs. PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry is the only approved biomarker for the selection of patients that can benefit from immunotherapy. However, application of PD-L1 as a biomarker of treatment efficacy shows many deficiencies probably due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the technical limitations of the samples. Thus, there is an urgent need to find other biomarkers, ideally blood biomarkers to help us to identify different subgroups of patients in a minimal invasive way. In this review, we summarize the emerging blood-based markers that could help to predict the response to ICIs in NSCLC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fan T, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang L, Tian H, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Xue L, Li C, He J. Transmembrane Protein-Based Risk Model and H3K4me3 Modification Characteristics in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828814. [PMID: 35392225 PMCID: PMC8980838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role and mechanism of transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) in tumorigenesis remain unclear. Based on 4 independent cohorts containing 1,208 cases, we identified 3 TMEMs (TMEM273, TMEM164, and TMEM125), which were used to construct a risk model to predict the prognosis of LUAD. The two patterns based on the risk score exhibited a high degree of consistency with the characteristics of immune cell infiltration and epigenetic distribution. Patients with a low-risk score, characterized by an increased activation of immunity, H3K4me3 modification, tumor cell apoptosis, chemokine secretion, and TMB, had better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Obvious immunosuppression, increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a low H3K4me3 level, shortened cell cycle, and accelerated cell division manifested in high-risk patients, with poorer DFS and OS. The model showed a better prognostic value than the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score. Correlation analysis told us that patients with high scores were suitable for treatment with CD276 inhibitors for their higher levels of CD276 expression. The risk score had a strong negative correlation with HAVCR2 and ICOS among patients with EGFR-WT, KRAS-WT, STK11-WT, or TP53-MUT, and patients with these mutation types with low scores were suitable for treatment with HAVCR2 or ICOS inhibitors. This work comprehensively analyzed the role and mechanism of TMEMs in LUAD and revealed the characteristics of histone methylation modification. The TMEM-based signature gave us deep insight into immune cell infiltration profiles and provided an individualized immunotherapy strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hengchang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
T Lymphocyte Infiltration in Association with IDO1 Expression in Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma and Normal Adjacent Lung Tissues. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2381018. [PMID: 35187162 PMCID: PMC8853784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2381018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first step of tryptophan catabolism in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. IDO1 downregulates natural killer cell receptors, and by mechanism, tumor cells escape immune surveillance. Methods IDO1 protein and mRNA were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and PCR in the 68 resected lung adenocarcinomas at stages I–III as well as adjacent normal lung tissues. Infiltration of CD3, CD8, and CD4 lymphocytes in the tumor and adjacent normal lung tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results IDO1 protein and mRNA were detected in various stages of lung adenocarcinoma with highest expression at stage III. In contrast, biomarkers of T cell subset, CD3, CD4, and CD8, were highly expressed in the normal lung tissues and stage I adenocarcinoma tissues but significantly reduced in the stage II and III tumor tissues. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that the higher level of IDO1 expression in the lung adenocarcinoma was, the less infiltration of T lymphocytes was found in the tumors. Findings of this study indicated that IDO1 may contribute to the reduction of T lymphocyte infiltration into the lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tumor microenvironment in giant cell tumor of bone: evaluation of PD-L1 expression and SIRPα infiltration after denosumab treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14821. [PMID: 34285260 PMCID: PMC8292371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an intermediate malignant bone tumor that is locally aggressive and rarely metastasizes. Denosumab, which is a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, can be used to treat GCTB. We focused on potential immunotherapy for GCTB and investigated the tumor microenvironment of GCTB. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemical studies of 137 tumor tissues from 96 patients. Of the naive primary specimens, 28% exhibited PD-L1 expression and 39% exhibited IDO1 expression. There was significantly more SIRPα+, FOXP3+, and CD8+ cell infiltration in PD-L1- and IDO1-positive tumors than in PD-L1- and IDO1-negative tumors. The frequency of PD-L1 expression and SIRPα+ cell infiltration in recurrent lesions treated with denosumab was significantly higher than in primary lesions and recurrent lesions not treated with denosumab. PD-L1 expression and higher SIRPα+ cell infiltration were significantly correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival. PD-L1 and SIRPα immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide clinical benefit in GCTB patients with recurrent lesions after denosumab therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become the mainstay for lung cancer treatment, providing sustained therapeutic responses and improved prognosis compared with those obtained with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. It has the potential for anti-tumor treatment and killing tumor cells by activating human immunity and has moved the targets of anti-cancer therapy from malignant tumor cells to immune cell subsets. Two kinds of immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), are the main targets of current immunotherapy in lung cancer. Despite the successful outcomes achieved by immune checkpoint inhibitors, a small portion of lung cancer patients remain unresponsive to checkpoint immunotherapy or may ultimately become resistant to these agents as a result of the complex immune modulatory network in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is imperative to exploit novel immunotherapy targets to further expand the proportion of patients benefiting from immunotherapy. This review summarizes the molecular features, biological function, and clinical significance of several novel checkpoints that have important roles in lung cancer immune responses beyond the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 axes, including the markers of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory T lymphocyte pathways and inhibitory markers of macrophages and natural killer cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang K, Wu YH, Song Y, Yu B. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors in clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:68. [PMID: 33883013 PMCID: PMC8061021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of L-tryptophan. Functionally, IDO1 has played a pivotal role in cancer immune escape via catalyzing the initial step of the kynurenine pathway, and overexpression of IDO1 is also associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Currently, several small-molecule candidates and peptide vaccines are currently being assessed in clinical trials. Furthermore, the "proteolysis targeting chimera" (PROTAC) technology has also been successfully used in the development of IDO1 degraders, providing novel therapeutics for cancers. Herein, we review the biological functions of IDO1, structural biology and also extensively summarize medicinal chemistry strategies for the development of IDO1 inhibitors in clinical trials. The emerging PROTAC-based IDO1 degraders are also highlighted. This review may provide a comprehensive and updated overview on IDO1 inhibitors and their therapeutic potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ya-Hong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yihui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yao Y, Liang H, Fang X, Zhang S, Xing Z, Shi L, Kuang C, Seliger B, Yang Q. What is the prospect of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition in cancer? Extrapolation from the past. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:60. [PMID: 33557876 PMCID: PMC7869231 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a monomeric heme-containing enzyme, catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, which plays an important role in immunity and neuronal function. Its implication in different pathophysiologic processes including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases has inspired the development of IDO1 inhibitors in the past decades. However, the negative results of the phase III clinical trial of the would-be first-in-class IDO1 inhibitor (epacadostat) in combination with an anti-PD1 antibody (pembrolizumab) in patients with advanced malignant melanoma call for a better understanding of the role of IDO1 inhibition. In this review, the current status of the clinical development of IDO1 inhibitors will be introduced and the key pre-clinical and clinical data of epacadostat will be summarized. Moreover, based on the cautionary notes obtained from the clinical readout of epacadostat, strategies for the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers and pharmacodynamic markers as well as for the selection of the tumor types to be treated with IDO1inhibitors will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, 200438, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Association of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with JAK-STAT pathway activation in soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:1451-1463. [PMID: 32951108 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapies targeting the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) have been explored in various malignant tumours. In this study, we examined the relationship between PDL-1, IDO1 and JAK2 expression and the roles of these signal pathways in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma (LMS). METHODS The next-generation sequencing data of 53 patients with LMS were obtained from an online public database and were used to assess PD-L1, IDO1 and JAK2 gene amplification and mRNA expression. Then, we determined the relationship between JAK-STAT pathway activation and PD-L1 and IDO1 expression in a LMS cell line. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of 69 cases of LMS was performed for PD-L1, IDO1, TDO2 and phosphorylated JAK2 (pJAK2). RESULTS Comprehensive gene expression analysis using microarray and RNA-Seq data revealed that PD-L1 and IDO1 mRNA expression positively correlated with JAK2 and STAT1 mRNA expression. Two of the 53 cases exhibited PD-L1 and JAK2 gene amplification; however, they were not related to their gene expression. LMS cell line analysis revealed that IFN-γ supplementation induced IDO1 and PD-L1 expression; these effects were suppressed by JAK inhibition. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected specimens revealed that TDO2 expression positively correlated with pJAK2 (P = 0.0490) and IDO1 expression (P < 0.0001). PD-L1-positive specimens tended to express pJAK2; however, the relationship did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.1477). CONCLUSION The results suggest the possible feasibility of the combined inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 or IDO1 with IFN-γ-JAK-STAT pathway inhibition to treat soft tissue LMS.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gillette MA, Satpathy S, Cao S, Dhanasekaran SM, Vasaikar SV, Krug K, Petralia F, Li Y, Liang WW, Reva B, Krek A, Ji J, Song X, Liu W, Hong R, Yao L, Blumenberg L, Savage SR, Wendl MC, Wen B, Li K, Tang LC, MacMullan MA, Avanessian SC, Kane MH, Newton CJ, Cornwell M, Kothadia RB, Ma W, Yoo S, Mannan R, Vats P, Kumar-Sinha C, Kawaler EA, Omelchenko T, Colaprico A, Geffen Y, Maruvka YE, da Veiga Leprevost F, Wiznerowicz M, Gümüş ZH, Veluswamy RR, Hostetter G, Heiman DI, Wyczalkowski MA, Hiltke T, Mesri M, Kinsinger CR, Boja ES, Omenn GS, Chinnaiyan AM, Rodriguez H, Li QK, Jewell SD, Thiagarajan M, Getz G, Zhang B, Fenyö D, Ruggles KV, Cieslik MP, Robles AI, Clauser KR, Govindan R, Wang P, Nesvizhskii AI, Ding L, Mani DR, Carr SA. Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cell 2020; 182:200-225.e35. [PMID: 32649874 PMCID: PMC7373300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore the biology of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and identify new therapeutic opportunities, we performed comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of 110 tumors and 101 matched normal adjacent tissues (NATs) incorporating genomics, epigenomics, deep-scale proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and acetylproteomics. Multi-omics clustering revealed four subgroups defined by key driver mutations, country, and gender. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic data illuminated biology downstream of copy number aberrations, somatic mutations, and fusions and identified therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with driver events involving KRAS, EGFR, and ALK. Immune subtyping revealed a complex landscape, reinforced the association of STK11 with immune-cold behavior, and underscored a potential immunosuppressive role of neutrophil degranulation. Smoking-associated LUADs showed correlation with other environmental exposure signatures and a field effect in NATs. Matched NATs allowed identification of differentially expressed proteins with potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility. This proteogenomics dataset represents a unique public resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand and treat lung adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lili Blumenberg
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lauren C Tang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Melanie A MacMullan
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shayan C Avanessian
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - M Harry Kane
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramani B Kothadia
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Emily A Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yifat Geffen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yosef E Maruvka
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 61-701, Poland; International Institute for Molecular Oncology, Poznań, 60-203, Poland
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rajwanth R Veluswamy
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - David I Heiman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcin P Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liebler DC, Holzer TR, Haragan A, Morrison RD, O'Neill Reising L, Ackermann BL, Fill JA, Schade AE, Gruver AM. Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Drug Targets and Tumor Proteotypes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9805. [PMID: 32555523 PMCID: PMC7300007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutics targeting immune checkpoint proteins have significantly advanced treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but protein level quantitation of drug targets presents a critical problem. We used multiplexed, targeted mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify immunotherapy target proteins PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, IDO1, LAG3, TIM3, ICOSLG, VISTA, GITR, and CD40 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NSCLC specimens. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and MS measurements for PD-L1 were weakly correlated, but IHC did not distinguish protein abundance differences detected by MS. PD-L2 abundance exceeded PD-L1 in over half the specimens and the drug target proteins all displayed different abundance patterns. mRNA correlated with protein abundance only for PD-1, PD-L1, and IDO1 and tumor mutation burden did not predict abundance of any protein targets. Global proteome analyses identified distinct proteotypes associated with high PD-L1-expressing and high IDO1-expressing NSCLC. MS quantification of multiple drug targets and tissue proteotypes can improve clinical evaluation of immunotherapies for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy R Holzer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander Haragan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jeff A Fill
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew E Schade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aaron M Gruver
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mandarano M, Bellezza G, Belladonna ML, Vannucci J, Gili A, Ferri I, Lupi C, Ludovini V, Falabella G, Metro G, Mondanelli G, Chiari R, Cagini L, Stracci F, Roila F, Puma F, Volpi C, Sidoni A. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 2 Immunohistochemical Expression in Resected Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Potential New Prognostic Tool. Front Immunol 2020; 11:839. [PMID: 32536910 PMCID: PMC7267213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is an analog of the tryptophan degrading and immunomodulating enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Although the role of IDO1 is largely understood, the function of IDO2 is not yet well-elucidated. IDO2 overexpression was documented in some human tumors, but the linkage between IDO2 expression and cancer progression is still unclear, in particular in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunohistochemical expression and cellular localization of IDO2 was evaluated on 191 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded resected NSCLC. Correlations between IDO2 expression, clinical-pathological data, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immunosuppressive tumor molecules (IDO1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 - PD-L1 -) and patients' prognosis were evaluated. IDO2 high expression is strictly related to high PD-L1 level among squamous cell carcinomas group (p = 0.012), to either intratumoral or mixed localization of TILs (p < 0.001) and to adenocarcinoma histotype (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant correlation between IDO2 high expression and poor non-small cell lung cancer prognosis was detected (p = 0.011). The current study reaches interesting knowledge about IDO2 in non-small cell lung cancer. The close relationship between IDO2 expression, PD-L1 increased levels, TILs localization and NSCLC poor prognosis, assumed IDO2 as a potential prognostic biomarker to be exploited for optimizing innovative combined therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/surgery
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mandarano
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Belladonna
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vannucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Gili
- Section of Public Health, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Vienna Ludovini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Falabella
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulio Metro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Chiari
- Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti Padova sud, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucio Cagini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Section of Public Health, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Umbria Cancer Registry, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fausto Roila
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Puma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and IDO1 on tumor cells and density of CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma according to histological subtype. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2639-2650. [PMID: 32405745 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) in tumor cells and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma according to histological subtypes. METHODS We evaluated PD-L1, PD-L2, and IDO1 expression in tumor cells and CD8-positive TILs in surgically resected specimens from 196 stage 0 or I lung adenocarcinoma patients by immunohistochemical staining. We also examined the relationships between the expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and IDO1 in tumor cells and the density of CD8-positive TILs and clinical factors. Patients were divided into three groups: A, adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (N = 32); B, lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma (IAD; LPA; N = 66); and C, IAD except for LPA (N = 98). RESULTS PD-L1 was expressed only in Group C, but not in Groups A or B. The positive ratio of PD-L2 was significantly higher in Group C (63.3%), and that of IDO1 was also significantly higher in Group C (65.3%). The density of CD8-positive TILs was significantly higher in Group C (45 ± 2.4). There was no significant difference between the positive ratios of PD-L2 and IDO1 and the density of CD8-positive TILs in Group A (50.0%, 21.9%, and 36 ± 4.1, respectively) or Group B (60.6%, 25.8%, and 44 ± 3.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS No cases in Groups A and B expressed PD-L1. The expression of immune-related factors, especially PD-L1 and IDO1, was significantly associated with Group C. This is the first report of the detailed examination of PD-L1, PD-L2, IDO1, and CD8 expression in lung adenocarcinoma subtypes with lepidic predominant components. Our results could help identify patients who would benefit from perioperative immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
25
|
PD-L1 and IDO1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in osteosarcoma patients: comparative study of primary and metastatic lesions. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2607-2620. [PMID: 32388585 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) are immunosuppressive proteins known to be associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. However, their expression and clinical relevance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. In this study, the relationships of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis were explored. METHODS The expression of PD-L1, IDO1, CD3, CD4, and CD8 in 112 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues collected by biopsy or surgical resection from 56 osteosarcoma patients was evaluated immunohistochemically. Moreover, four osteosarcoma cell lines were evaluated for the effects of IFNγ on PD-L1 and IDO1 mRNA expression by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) primary specimens, 10 cases (17%) showed PD-L1 expression and 12 (21%) showed IDO1 expression. Six of ten cases (60%) with PD-L1 positivity co-expressed IDO1. In post-NAC metastatic lesions, the frequency of immunoexpression of PD-L1 and IDO1 was increased compared with that in pre-NAC specimens. PD-L1 and/or IDO1 expression was not associated with poor prognosis. PD-L1 immunoexpression was significantly associated with the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells; while, IDO1 immunoexpression was significantly associated with the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. In all osteosarcoma cell lines, PD-L1 and IDO1 expression was upregulated by stimulation with IFNγ. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the PD-L1 and IDO1 immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide clinical benefit in osteosarcoma patients with metastatic lesions after conventional chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kiyozawa D, Takamatsu D, Kohashi K, Kinoshita F, Ishihara S, Toda Y, Eto M, Oda Y. Programmed death ligand 1/indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte status in renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes and rhabdoid features. Hum Pathol 2020; 101:31-39. [PMID: 32360490 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sarcomatoid changes and rhabdoid features has shown poor outcomes. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of RCC. Combination therapy using PD-1/PD-L1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors has also been used to treat various malignancies. However, little is known about IDO1 expression and therapeutic effects of the IDO1 inhibitor in RCC. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the expression of PD-L1/IDO1 and examined its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) status and prognostic effect. We investigated the PD-L1, IDO1, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ immunoexpression status in 60 cases of sarcomatoid/rhabdoid RCC. The PD-L1 and IDO1 results were defined by the tumor proportion score. For the evaluation of TIL status, we counted the number of lymphocytes located in the tumor and averaged the numbers over five high-power fields for each case. The results revealed PD-L1 and IDO1 expression was observed more frequently in the sarcomatoid/rhabdoid component than in the nonsarcomatoid/nonrhabdoid component. The correlation between PD-L1 and IDO1 expression was significant (P = 0.0076). PD-L1 expression and coexpression of PD-L1 and IDO1 were correlated with a high density of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. There was no significant difference in overall survival among the patients with PD-L1 and/or IDO1 expression, but PD-L1 expression and coexpression were related to poor progression-free survival. Our results suggest that combination therapy using the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and IDO1 inhibitor may be effective for treating sarcomatoid/rhabdoid RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kiyozawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Takamatsu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Kinoshita
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yu Toda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Departments of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hellmann MD, Gettinger S, Chow LQM, Gordon M, Awad MM, Cha E, Gong X, Zhou G, Walker C, Leopold L, Heist RS. Phase 1 study of epacadostat in combination with atezolizumab for patients with previously treated advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1963-1969. [PMID: 32141617 PMCID: PMC7496129 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epacadostat is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Here we report results from the open-label, dose-escalation, Phase 1b ECHO-110 study evaluating epacadostat plus atezolizumab in patients with previously treated Stage IIIB/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eligible patients had received ≥1 prior line of platinum-based chemotherapy (≥2 cycles) and no prior checkpoint/IDO inhibitors treatment. Oral epacadostat (25, 50, 75, 100, 200 or 300 mg) was administered twice daily (BID) with intravenous atezolizumab 1,200 mg every 3 weeks (Q3W). Primary endpoints were safety, tolerability and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Twenty-nine patients received ≥1 dose of treatment. The maximum tolerated dose of epacadostat was not reached. Two patients had DLTs: one patient with Grade 3 dehydration and hypotension (epacadostat 200 mg BID); one patient with Grade 3 hyponatremia and Grade 4 autoimmune encephalitis (epacadostat 300 mg BID). Twenty-three patients (79%) had treatment-related adverse events (AEs); seven patients (24%) experienced Grade 3/4 events; five patients (17%) discontinued treatment due to treatment-related AEs. No fatal treatment-related AEs occurred. One patient achieved a partial response (objective response rate, 3%), which was maintained for 8.3 months; eight patients had stable disease. Baseline tumoral programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and IDO expression were low among patients with evaluable samples (1 of 23 expressed PD-L1; 5 of 17 expressed IDO). Epacadostat pharmacokinetics was comparable to historical controls. Epacadostat, at doses up to 300 mg BID, combined with atezolizumab 1,200 mg Q3W was well tolerated in patients with previously treated NSCLC, although clinical activity was limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hellmann
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Gordon
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Mark M Awad
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward Cha
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Gongfu Zhou
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca S Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zou Y, Hu Y, Ge S, Zheng Y, Li Y, Liu W, Guo W, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Lai Y. Effective Virtual Screening Strategy toward heme-containing proteins: Identification of novel IDO1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
29
|
Liu M, Li Z, Yao W, Zeng X, Wang L, Cheng J, Ma B, Zhang R, Min W, Wang H. IDO inhibitor synergized with radiotherapy to delay tumor growth by reversing T cell exhaustion. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:445-453. [PMID: 31746428 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that radiotherapy (RT) can induce immune activation, which not only reduces the progression of tumors, but also causes the release of tumor antigens. The combination of RT and immune checkpoint blockade, such as the inhibition of programmed cell death 1 (PD‑1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‑L1), has been demonstrated to yield impressive response rates. However, a substantial proportion of patients develop resistance such therapies. Previous studies have shown that indoleamine 2,3‑dioxygenase (IDO) causes T cell exhaustion and increased formation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), upregulating the expression of inhibitory receptors and ligands. Therefore, the application of IDO inhibitors combined with RT may have a synergistic effect by relieving immunosuppression. Lewis lung cancer cell‑bearing mice were treated with the IDO inhibitor 1‑methyl‑tryptophan (1MT) and/or 10 Gy RT. Tumor size was measured every day, flow cytometry was performed to measure the expression of dendritic cell (DC) maturation markers, inhibitory receptors, ligands, cytotoxic T cells and Treg phenotypic markers. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of IDO, PD‑L1, PD‑1, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM‑3), B‑ and T‑lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and galectin‑9. Compared with the control group, treatment with 1MT or RT reduced tumor growth, however, the combination therapy was more effective than either treatment alone. Flow cytometry showed the upregulation of CD80, CD86 and the major histocompatibility complex II in spleen DCs and the concurrent downregulation of CD4, CD25 and forkhead box protein P3 in lymphocytes in the treatment groups. Compared with the control group, inhibitory receptors and ligands that affect DCs and T cells were observed, expression levels of PD‑L1, PD‑1, TIM‑3, BTLA and galectin‑9 are decreased in treatment group compared with control. IDO inhibition synergized with RT to downregulate Tregs, inhibitory receptors and ligands to prevent T cell exhaustion. By activating DCs and T cells, this combination therapy may strongly enhance antitumor immunity and inhibit tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Weirong Yao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Ma
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqian Zhang
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Min
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Departments of Pathophysiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sumitomo R, Hirai T, Fujita M, Murakami H, Otake Y, Huang CL. PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells is highly associated with M2 TAM and aggressive malignant potential in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019; 136:136-144. [PMID: 31499335 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs) plays important roles in regulating the antitumor T cell response. However, the mechanistic and clinical significance of the effect of PD-L1 on TCs versus ICs remains unclear. On the other hand, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), M2 macrophages in particular, can promote tumor progression. METHODS We evaluated PD-L1 expression on TCs and ICs using Ventana SP263 assay and the stromal M2 TAM distribution using CD163 staining in 160 consecutive patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RESULTS PD-L1 expression on TCs and ICs was significantly higher in stromal M2 TAM-high group than in stromal M2 TAM-low group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Regarding the clinical significance of PD-L1, PD-L1 expression on TCs was significantly associated with histology (p = 0.001), tumor differentiation (p < 0.001) and nodal status (p = 0.029). Furthermore, PD-L1 expression on ICs was significantly associated with histology (p < 0.001), tumor differentiation (p < 0.001), tumor status (p = 0.024), nodal status (p = 0.016), and pathologic stage (p = 0.004). The disease-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with PD-L1-positive TC than in those with PD-L1-negative TC (p = 0.023), as well as in patients with PD-L1-positive IC than in those with PD-L1-negative IC (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the overall survival rate was significantly lower in patients with PD-L1-positive IC than in those with PD-L1-negative IC (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS During tumor progression in NSCLC, the presence of M2 TAMs might affect PD-L1 expression both on TCs and ICs. In patients with NSCLC, PD-L1 expression both on TCs and ICs was associated with malignant behaviors, which was more in case of ICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sumitomo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hirai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujita
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Murakami
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Otake
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cheng-Long Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Takada K, Shimokawa M, Tanaka K, Kohashi K, Haro A, Osoegawa A, Tagawa T, Azuma K, Okamoto I, Oda Y, Mori M. Association between peripheral blood markers and immune-related factors on tumor cells in patients with resected primary lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217991. [PMID: 31163080 PMCID: PMC6548429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify peripheral blood markers associated with two immune-related factors-programmed cell death-ligand-2 (PD-L2) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)-that are expressed on tumor cells in primary lung adenocarcinoma (AD) specimens. We randomly selected 448 patients (70%) from 640 consecutive patients with resected stage I-III primary lung AD, who had been treated at that point with surgery alone. Expression of PD-L2 and IDO1 in these patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and evaluated with respect to peripheral blood markers measured before surgery, including white blood cells, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, absolute monocyte count (AMC), absolute eosinophil count (AEC), serum C-reactive protein, and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Membrane PD-L2 expression and cytoplasmic IDO1 expression were defined by tumor proportion score (TPS); samples with TPS < 1% were considered negative. Logistic regression models were used to identify variables associated with the immune-related factors. Advanced stage (P = 0.0090), higher AMC (P = 0.0195), and higher AEC (P = 0.0015) were independent predictors of IDO1 expression. PD-L2 expression was not associated with any tested peripheral blood markers. Peripheral blood markers, especially AMC and AEC, could potential predict IDO1 expression in lung AD. This study should be replicated in another cohort; further efforts to explore other biomarkers that predict PD-L2 or IDO1 expression are also warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Takada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Haro
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Osoegawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Azuma
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang ML, Kem M, Mooradian MJ, Eliane JP, Huynh TG, Iafrate AJ, Gainor JF, Mino-Kenudson M. Differential expression of PD-L1 and IDO1 in association with the immune microenvironment in resected lung adenocarcinomas. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:511-523. [PMID: 30367104 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Like programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is known to exert immunosuppressive effects and be variably expressed in human lung cancer. However, IDO1 expression has not been well studied in lung adenocarcinoma. PD-L1 and IDO1 expression was evaluated in 261 resected lung adenocarcinomas using tissue microarrays and H-scores (cutoff: 5). We compared IDO1 and PD-L1 expression with clinical features, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, HLA class I molecule expression, molecular alterations, and patient outcomes. There was expression of PD-L1 in 89 (34%) and IDO1 in 74 (29%) cases, with co-expression in 49 (19%). Both PD-L1 and IDO1 were significantly associated with smoking, aggressive pathologic features, and abundant CD8+ and T-bet+ (Th1 marker) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. PD-L1 expression was also associated with preserved HLA class I molecule expression (p = 0.002). Compared to PD-L1+/IDO1+ and PD-L1+ only cases, significantly fewer IDO1+ only cases had abundant CD8+ and T-bet+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p < 0.001, respectively). PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with EGFR wild-type (p < 0.001) and KRAS mutants (p = 0.021), whereas isolated IDO1 expression was significantly associated with EGFR mutations (p = 0.007). As for survival, PD-L1 was a significant predictor of decreased progression-free and overall survival by univariate but not multivariate analysis, while IDO1 was not associated with progression-free or overall survival. Interestingly, there was a significant difference in the 5-year progression-free and overall survival (p = 0.004 and 0.038, respectively), where cases without PD-L1 or IDO1 expression had the longest survival, and those with PD-L1 alone had the shortest survival. While PD-L1+/-IDO1 expression is observed in association with HLA class I expression, cytotoxic T lymphocyte/Th1 microenvironments, EGFR wild-type, and KRAS mutations, isolated IDO1 expression does not demonstrate these associations, suggesting that IDO1 may serve a distinct immunosuppressive role in lung adenocarcinomas. Thus, further investigation of IDO1 may demonstrate its role as a potential biomarker for patients who undergo anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lisa Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina Kem
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan J Mooradian
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Eliane
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany G Huynh
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and Programmed Cell Death-ligand 1 Co-expression Predicts Poor Pathologic Response and Recurrence in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020169. [PMID: 30717285 PMCID: PMC6406509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) status, and their combination on pathologic complete response (pCR) and recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, PD-L1, and CD8+ TIL statuses were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis on pre-CRT biopsies of 158 patients. Sixty-eight patients (43.0%) achieved pCR after neoadjuvant CRT and 48 patients (30.4%) developed recurrences after surgery. IDO1 and PD-L1 proteins were co-expressed in 28 patients (17.7%). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 positive patients showed a significantly lower pCR rate than IDO1 negative patients (28.6% vs. 51.0%, P = 0.007). Similarly, PD-L1 high expression was significantly negatively correlated with pCR rate (27.3% vs. 51.5%, P = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, IDO1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for developing recurrences. Stratification analysis revealed that patients with co-expression of IDO1 and PD-L1 were significantly associated with a lower pCR rate and worse recurrence-free survival than those with one or none positive protein. In conclusion, IDO1 and PD-L1 co-expression could predict poor pathologic response and high risk of recurrence in ESCC after neoadjuvant CRT, indicating a subset of patients who may benefit from CRT combined with immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Immunotherapy through immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) is quickly transforming cancer treatment by improving patients' outcomes. However, innate and acquired resistance to ICBs remain a major challenge in clinical settings. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDOs) are enzymes involved in tryptophan catabolism with a central immunosuppressive function within the tumor microenvironment. IDOs are over-expressed in cancer patients and have increasingly been associated with worse outcomes and a poor prognosis. Preclinical data have shown that combining IDO and checkpoint inhibition might be a valuable strategy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Currently, several IDO inhibitors have been evaluated in clinical trials, showing favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and promising efficacy. This review describes the mechanisms involved in IDO-mediated immune suppression and its role in cancer immune escape, focusing on the potential clinical application of IDO inhibitors as an immunotherapy strategy for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|