1
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Liu M, Zhu M, Huang Y, Wu J, Peng Z, Liang Y. Prognostic model and ceRNA network of m7G- and radiosensitivity-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29925. [PMID: 38707306 PMCID: PMC11068534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies indicated that N7-methylguanosine (m7G)-associated genes are involved in radioresistance and prognosis of HCC. However, the prognostic value and underlying mechanism of m7G-and radiosensitivity-associated genes are still lacking. Methods The related statistics of HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). M7G- and radiosensitivity-associated genes were screened and evaluated using correlation, differential, univariate, and multivariate analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to establish a prognostic model. Prognostic efficacy, functional analysis, immune cell infiltration,and drug sensitivity of the prognostic model were assessed. The ceRNA network was predicted and evaluated through the StarBase database, correlation analysis, expression analysis, and survival analysis. Result METTL1, EIF3D, NCBP2, and WDR4 participated in prognosis model construction. The favorable prediction efficiency has been verified in both the training and verification sets. Different risk groups have differences in prognosis outcome, function analysis, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivity. NCBP2 can be used to predict the prognosis and has excellent potential in immunotherapy. A prognostic ceRNA network based on the NCBP2/miR-122-5p axis was established. Conclusion The prognosis model of m7G- and radiosensitivity-related genes is constructed, and widely used in clinical prognosis, immunotherapy, and drug therapy. NCBP2, as a hub gene, may be a prognostic biomarker for HCC and is related to immunotherapy. Establishing the NCBP2/miR-122-5p axis helps study the mechanism of ceRNA and provides new ideas for finding a new candidate biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaowen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Meiyan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yingxiong Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
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2
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Yuwei X, Bingzi D, Zhaowei S, Yujie F, Wei Z, Kun L, Kui L, Jingyu C, Chengzhan Z. FEN1 promotes cancer progression of cholangiocarcinoma by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:695-704. [PMID: 37648642 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) comprises a cluster of highly heterogeneous malignant biliary tumors. Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1) is a member of the Rad2 structure-specific nuclease family. This study aimed to explore the biological functions and mechanisms of FEN1 in CHOL. METHODS FEN1 expression was analyzed in tissues of patients with CHOL and FEN1 mutations. We observe the influence of FEN1 on cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as on DNA damage repair and glycolysis. Western blotting was performed to determine the regulatory mechanism of FEN1 in CHOL progression. RESULTS FEN1 was highly expressed in the cancer tissues of CHOL patients. The high mutation rate of FEN1 in CHOL tissues was mainly due to the amplified repeats. FEN1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HUCCT1 and QBC939 cells. In addition, FEN1 induced DNA damage repair and aerobic glycolysis in CHOL cells. FEN1 also promoted xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we showed that FEN1 mediated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CHOL. FEN1-mediated EMT was found to be transduced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION FEN1 was significantly overexpressed in CHOL tissues, and FEN1 regulates the progression of CHOL through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Yuwei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Dong Bingzi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Sun Zhaowei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Feng Yujie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Li Kun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Liu Kui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Cao Jingyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
| | - Zhu Chengzhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
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Romanzi A, Milosa F, Marcelli G, Critelli RM, Lasagni S, Gigante I, Dituri F, Schepis F, Cadamuro M, Giannelli G, Fabris L, Villa E. Angiopoietin-2 and the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promote Migration and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma- and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma-Derived Spheroids. Biomedicines 2023; 12:87. [PMID: 38255193 PMCID: PMC10813100 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) overexpressing Angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) (a protein linked with angiogenesis, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)), shares 95% of up-regulated genes and a similar poor prognosis with the proliferative subgroup of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). We analyzed the pro-invasive effect of ANG-2 and its regulator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on HCC and CCA spheroids to uncover posUsible common ways of response. Four cell lines were used: Hep3B and HepG2 (HCC), HuCC-T1 (iCCA), and EGI-1 (extrahepatic CCA). We treated the spheroids with recombinant human (rh) ANG-2 and/or VEGF and then observed the changes at the baseline, after 24 h, and again after 48 h. Proangiogenic stimuli increased migration and invasion capability in HCC- and iCCA-derived spheroids and were associated with a modification in EMT phenotypic markers (a decrease in E-cadherin and an increase in N-cadherin and Vimentin), especially at the migration front. Inhibitors targeting ANG-2 (Trebananib) and the VEGF (Bevacizumab) effectively blocked the migration ability of spheroids that had been stimulated with rh-ANG-2 and rh-VEGF. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role played by ANG-2 and the VEGF in enhancing the ability of HCC- and iCCA-derived spheroids to migrate and invade, which are key processes in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romanzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Clinical and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.R.); (S.L.)
- Chimomo Department, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (R.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Fabiola Milosa
- Chimomo Department, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (R.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Gemma Marcelli
- Chimomo Department, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (R.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Rosina Maria Critelli
- Chimomo Department, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (R.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Simone Lasagni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Clinical and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.R.); (S.L.)
- Chimomo Department, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (R.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (I.G.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (I.G.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Filippo Schepis
- Chimomo Department, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (R.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (I.G.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Erica Villa
- Chimomo Department, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (R.M.C.); (F.S.)
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4
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Chen G, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Liu S, Chen C, Zhang S. Radiation-induced gastric injury during radiotherapy: molecular mechanisms and clinical treatment. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:870-879. [PMID: 37788485 PMCID: PMC10665304 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has been the standard of care for treating a multitude of cancer types. Radiation-induced gastric injury (RIGI) is a common complication of RT for thoracic and abdominal tumors. It manifests acutely as radiation gastritis or gastric ulcers, and chronically as chronic atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia. In recent years, studies have shown that intracellular signals such as oxidative stress response, p38/MAPK pathway and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway are involved in the progression of RIGI. This review also summarized the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, the root of therapeutic challenges lies in the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of RIGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221200, China
| | - Zuxiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221200, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221200, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital , Chengdu 610051, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang 621099, China
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5
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Camps Maléa A, Hennequin C, Rivera S. [Targeted systemic treatments and locoregional radiotherapy for breast cancer: Can we expect a benefit from the potentiation of local treatment?]. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:535-541. [PMID: 37558607 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the first most common cancer worldwide, and radiation therapy has a major role to play in locoregional adjuvant treatment. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of adjuvant targeted systemic therapies improving the prognosis of patients at high risk of recurrence. Practices concerning combinations of targeted therapies and locoregional radiation therapy for non-metastatic breast cancers often remain heterogeneous due to the low level of evidence and lack of validated recommendations. This literature review covers immunotherapy, CDK 4/6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors and anti-Her2 therapies. Combining these targeted systemic therapies with radiation therapy could potentiate local treatment. The optimal therapeutic sequence and fractionation for maximum synergistic effect remain to be defined. However, while efficacy may be enhanced, radiosensitization of healthy tissue may also lead to increased toxicity. It appears possible to continue immunotherapy, trastuzumab, pertuzumab, TDM-1 or lapatinib during locoregional breast and lymph node irradiation. PARP inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors are still to be suspended, due to the lack of data in the adjuvant setting and their short half-life, which does not necessitate prolonged discontinuation. As with the new antibody-drug conjugates, prospective data are needed in conjunction with adjuvant radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camps Maléa
- Service de radiothérapie, centre Henry-S-Kaplan, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - C Hennequin
- Service de cancérologie-radiothérapie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, France
| | - S Rivera
- Département d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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Yang Y, Xiong L, Li M, Jiang P, Wang J, Li C. Advances in radiotherapy and immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:526. [PMID: 37542324 PMCID: PMC10401766 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide; it caused approximately 830,000 deaths in 2020. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for over 80% of all cases. Various methods, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation, have been widely used in the treatment of HCC. With the advancement of technology, radiotherapy has become increasingly important in the comprehensive treatment of HCC. However, due to the insufficient sensitivity of tumour cells to radiation, there are still multiple limitation in clinical application of radiotherapy. In recent years, the role of immunotherapy in cancer has been increasingly revealed, and more researchers have turned their attention to the combined application of immunotherapy and radiotherapy in the hope of achieving better treatment outcomes. This article reviews the progress on radiation therapy in HCC and the current status of its combined application with immunotherapy, and discusses the prospects and value of radioimmunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liting Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Xiao Y, Yan Y, Chang L, Ji H, Sun H, Song S, Feng K, Nuermaimaiti A, Lu Z, Wang L. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib promotes SARS-CoV-2 cell entry by down-regulating SKP2 dependent ACE2 degradation. Antiviral Res 2023; 212:105558. [PMID: 36806814 PMCID: PMC9938000 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global pandemic. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib was reported to be one of the top-scored repurposed drugs to treat COVID-19. As the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry, expression level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is closely related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we demonstrated that palbociclib and other methods could arrest cells in G0/G1 phase and up-regulate ACE2 mRNA and protein levels without altering its subcellular localization. Palbociclib inhibited ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal degradation of ACE2 through down-regulating S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2). In addition, increased ACE2 expression induced by palbociclib and other cell cycle arresting compounds facilitated pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study suggested that ACE2 expression was down-regulated in proliferating cells. Cell cycle arresting compounds could increase ACE2 expression and facilitate SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, which may not be suitable therapeutic agents for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Xiao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huimin Ji
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huizhen Sun
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shi Song
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kaihao Feng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Abudulimutailipu Nuermaimaiti
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhuoqun Lu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China; National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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8
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Klapp V, Buqué A, Bloy N, Sato A, Yamazaki T, Zhou XK, Formenti SC, Galluzzi L, Petroni G. Cellular senescence in the response of HR + breast cancer to radiotherapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors. J Transl Med 2023; 21:110. [PMID: 36765430 PMCID: PMC9921325 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical evidence from us and others demonstrates that the anticancer effects of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors can be enhanced with focal radiation therapy (RT), but only when RT is delivered prior to (rather than after) CDK4/6 inhibition. Depending on tumor model, cellular senescence (an irreversible proliferative arrest that is associated with the secretion of numerous bioactive factors) has been attributed beneficial or detrimental effects on response to treatment. As both RT and CDK4/6 inhibitors elicit cellular senescence, we hypothesized that a differential accumulation of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment could explain such an observation, i.e., the inferiority of CDK4/6 inhibition with palbociclib (P) followed by RT (P→RT) as compared to RT followed by palbociclib (RT→P). METHODS The impact of cellular senescence on the interaction between RT and P was assessed by harnessing female INK-ATTAC mice, which express a dimerizable form of caspase 8 (CASP8) under the promoter of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (Cdkn2a, coding for p16Ink4), as host for endogenous mammary tumors induced by the subcutaneous implantation of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, M) pellets combined with the subsequent oral administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA, D). This endogenous mouse model of HR+ mammary carcinogenesis recapitulates key immunobiological aspects of human HR+ breast cancer. Mice bearing M/D-driven tumors were allocated to RT, P or their combination in the optional presence of the CASP8 dimerizer AP20187, and monitored for tumor growth, progression-free survival and overall survival. In parallel, induction of senescence in vitro, in cultured human mammary hormone receptor (HR)+ adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells, triple negative breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells and mouse HR+ mammary carcinoma TS/A cells treated with RT, P or their combination, was determined by colorimetric assessment of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity after 3 or 7 days of treatment. RESULTS In vivo depletion of p16Ink4-expressing (senescent) cells ameliorated the efficacy of P→RT (but not that of RT→P) in the M/D-driven model of HR+ mammary carcinogenesis. Accordingly, P→RT induced higher levels of cellular senescence than R→TP in cultured human and mouse breast cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Pending validation in other experimental systems, these findings suggest that a program of cellular senescence in malignant cells may explain (at least partially) the inferiority of P→RT versus RT→P in preclinical models of HR+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Klapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Norma Bloy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ai Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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9
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Arsenijevic T, Coulonval K, Raspé E, Demols A, Roger PP, Van Laethem JL. CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Pancreatobiliary Cancers: Opportunities and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:968. [PMID: 36765923 PMCID: PMC9913743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing treatment strategies for pancreatobiliary malignancies are limited. Nowadays, surgery is the only path to cure these types of cancer, but only a small number of patients present with resectable tumors at the time of diagnosis. The notoriously poor prognosis, lack of diverse treatment options associated with pancreaticobiliary cancers, and their resistance to current therapies reflect the urge for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy in a number of cancers since their approval for treatment in patients with ER+/HER- breast cancer in combination with antiestrogens. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of CDK4/6 inhibitors in pancreatobiliary cancers, notably cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Arsenijevic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, HUB Bordet Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Coulonval
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm), ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Raspé
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm), ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Demols
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, HUB Bordet Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre P. Roger
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm), ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, HUB Bordet Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Testa U, Pelosi E, Castelli G. The clinical value of identifying genetic abnormalities that can be targeted in cholangiocarcinomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:147-162. [PMID: 36654529 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2170878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are a heterogenous group of epithelial malignancies originating at any level of the biliary tree and are subdivided according to their location into intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA). AREAS COVERED This review provides an updated analysis of studies of genetic characterization of CCA at the level of gene mutation profiling, copy number alterations and gene expression, with definition of molecular subgroups and identification of some molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION With the development of genetic sequencing, several driver mutations have been identified and targeted as novel therapeutic approaches, including FGFR2, IDH1, BRAF, NTRK, HER2, ROS, and RET. Furthermore, identification of the cellular and molecular structure of the tumor microenvironment has contributed to the development of novel therapies, such as tumor immunotherapy. Combination therapies of chemotherapy plus targeted molecules or immunotherapy are under evaluation and offer the unique opportunity to improve the outcomes of CCA patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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11
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Molecular targets that sensitize cancer to radiation killing: From the bench to the bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114126. [PMID: 36521246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a standard cytotoxic therapy against solid cancers. It uses ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells through damage to DNA, either directly or indirectly. Radioresistance is often associated with dysregulated DNA damage repair processes. Most radiosensitizers enhance radiation-mediated DNA damage and reduce the rate of DNA repair ultimately leading to accumulation of DNA damages, cell-cycle arrest, and cell death. Recently, agents targeting key signals in DNA damage response such as DNA repair pathways and cell-cycle have been developed. This new class of molecularly targeted radiosensitizing agents is being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies to monitor their activity in potentiating radiation cytotoxicity of tumors and reducing normal tissue toxicity. The molecular pathways of DNA damage response are reviewed with a focus on the repair mechanisms, therapeutic targets under current clinical evaluation including ATM, ATR, CDK1, CDK4/6, CHK1, DNA-PKcs, PARP-1, Wee1, & MPS1/TTK and potential new targets (BUB1, and DNA LIG4) for radiation sensitization.
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12
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Applications and mechanisms of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, PD-0332991, in solid tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1053-1071. [PMID: 36087253 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal CDK4/6-Rb-E2F signal transduction is a common finding in tumors and is a driving factor for the excessive proliferation of various tumor cells. PD-0332991, a highly specific, small molecule inhibitor for CDK4 and 6, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by abrogating the phosphorylating capacity of CDK4/6 and suppressing Rb phosphorylation. It has been promoted for the treatment of breast cancer and potentially for other tumor types such as liver cancers, lung cancers and sarcomas. Due to the risk of monotherapy resistance, PD-0332991 is commonly used in combination with other drugs. Such combination treatments have proved able to inhibit tumor proliferation more effectively, induce stronger senescence and apoptosis, and enhance the efficiency of immunotherapy. Therefore, tumor cells with senescence induced by PD-0332991 are now used as ideal screening tools of cytolytic drugs with more efficient and thorough anti-tumor properties. With more extensive understandings about the branching points between senescence and apoptosis, it is possible to refine the dosage of PD-0332991. Better characterization of resistant cells, of inhibitors and of adverse effects such as leukopenia are needed to overcome obstacles in the use of PD-0332991. In this review of PD-0332991 research, we hope to provide guidance of transitions from laboratory findings to clinical applications of PD-0332991 and to facilitate PD-0332991-based multi-inhibitor combination therapies for various tumors.
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13
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Huang H, Xue J, Xie T, Xie ML. Osthole increases the radiosensitivity of hepatoma cells by inhibiting GSK-3β/AMPK/mTOR pathway-controlled glycolysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:683-692. [PMID: 36445387 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osthole is a natural coumarin substance that has an inhibitory effect on hepatic cancer, but its radiosensitization effect on hepatoma cells has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effect of osthole. Human HCC-LM3 and SK-Hep-1 hepatoma cells were used and treated with or without osthole, irradiation, or their combination; the cell survival, migration, colony formation, DNA damage repair, intracellular lactic acid content, and glycolysis-related glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), p-GSK-3β, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p-AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), GLUT-3, and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) protein expressions were determined. Compared with the irradiation group, the osthole plus irradiation group could further decrease the survival rate, migration, colony formation, and DNA damage repair of both hepatoma cells, indicating a synergistic effect of the combination treatment. Moreover, the combination of osthole and irradiation could decrease the content of intracellular lactic acid, ratios of intracellular p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins, and expressions of intracellular GLUT-1/3 and PKM2 proteins, and increase the ratio of intracellular p-AMPK/AMPK proteins. Osthole can increase the radiosensitivity of hepatoma cells, and its radiosensitization mechanisms may be related to glycolytic inhibition by attenuating the GSK-3β/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mei-Lin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Ou G, Ye Z, Zhou Z, Cao Q, Li M, Wang J, Cao J, Yang H. RPRM negatively regulates ATM levels through its nuclear translocation on irradiation mediated by CDK4/6 and IPO11. iScience 2022; 25:105115. [PMID: 36185355 PMCID: PMC9519624 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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15
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Huang KH, Liu YT, Pan PY, Lo CF, Liu KL, Yeh TK, Huang LR, Tsou LK. Rejuvenating hepatic tumor microenvironment immunity with a phosphatidylserine-targeting small molecule drug conjugate. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113084. [PMID: 35567985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and evaluation of a class of phosphatidylserine-targeting zinc (II) dipicolylamine drug conjugates and show that conjugate 16b elicits immune cell infiltration and remodels the "cold" hepatic tumor microenvironment to the inflamed "hot" tumor. Structure-property relationship study via linker modifications and subsequent pharmacokinetics profiling were carried out to improve the solubility and stability of the conjugates in vivo. In a spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, we showed that conjugate 16b exhibited better antitumor efficacy than sorafenib. In particular, significant increase of CD8+ T cell infiltration and granzyme B level was observed, providing insights in sensitizing tumors from intrinsic immune suppressive microenvironment. Evaluation of tumor inflammation-related mRNA expression profile revealed that conjugate 16b, through inductions of key gene expressions including STAT1, CXCL9, CCL5, and PD-L1, rejuvenated tumor microenvironment with enhancement in T cell-, macrophage-, NK cell-, chemokines and cytokines'- functions. Our study establishes that an apoptosis-targeting theranostic enables enrichment of multifaceted immune cells into the tumor mass, which provides potential therapeutic strategies in the combination with immune checkpoint blockade treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Tzu Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yun Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Fu Lo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Liang Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Rung Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lun K Tsou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
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16
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Meattini I, Livi L, Lorito N, Becherini C, Bacci M, Visani L, Fozza A, Belgioia L, Loi M, Mangoni M, Lambertini M, Morandi A. Integrating radiation therapy with targeted treatments for breast cancer: from bench to bedside. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 108:102417. [PMID: 35623219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Radiotherapy as a tool to elicit clinically actionable signalling pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:114-131. [PMID: 34819622 PMCID: PMC9004227 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of targeted anticancer agents have been successfully introduced into clinical practice, largely reflecting their ability to inhibit specific molecular alterations that are required for disease progression. However, not all malignant cells rely on such alterations to survive, proliferate, disseminate and/or evade anticancer immunity, implying that many tumours are intrinsically resistant to targeted therapies. Radiotherapy is well known for its ability to activate cytotoxic signalling pathways that ultimately promote the death of cancer cells, as well as numerous cytoprotective mechanisms that are elicited by cellular damage. Importantly, many cytoprotective mechanisms elicited by radiotherapy can be abrogated by targeted anticancer agents, suggesting that radiotherapy could be harnessed to enhance the clinical efficacy of these drugs. In this Review, we discuss preclinical and clinical data that introduce radiotherapy as a tool to elicit or amplify clinically actionable signalling pathways in patients with cancer.
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18
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Pesch AM, Hirsh NH, Michmerhuizen AR, Jungles KM, Wilder-Romans K, Chandler BC, Liu M, Lerner LM, Nino CA, Ward C, Cobain EF, Lawrence TS, Pierce LJ, Rae JM, Speers CW. RB expression confers sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization across breast cancer subtypes. JCI Insight 2021; 7:154402. [PMID: 34932500 PMCID: PMC8855810 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard radiation therapy (RT) does not reliably provide locoregional control for women with multinode-positive breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We hypothesized that CDK4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i) would increase the radiosensitivity not only of estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) cells, but also of TNBC that expresses retinoblastoma (RB) protein. We found that CDK4/6i radiosensitized RB WT TNBC (n = 4, radiation enhancement ratio [rER]: 1.49–2.22) but failed to radiosensitize RB-null TNBC (n = 3, rER: 0.84–1.00). RB expression predicted response to CDK4/6i + RT (R2 = 0.84), and radiosensitization was lost in ER+/TNBC cells (rER: 0.88–1.13) after RB1 knockdown in isogenic and nonisogenic models. CDK4/6i suppressed homologous recombination (HR) in RB WT cells but not in RB-null cells or isogenic models of RB1 loss; HR competency was rescued with RB reexpression. Radiosensitization was independent of nonhomologous end joining and the known effects of CDK4/6i on cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, RB and RAD51 interact in vitro to promote HR repair. CDK4/6i produced RB-dependent radiosensitization in TNBC xenografts but not in isogenic RB1-null xenografts. Our data provide the preclinical rationale for a clinical trial expanding the use of CDK4/6i + RT to difficult-to-control RB-intact breast cancers (including TNBC) and nominate RB status as a predictive biomarker of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Pesch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Nicole H Hirsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Anna R Michmerhuizen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Kassidy M Jungles
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michgan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C Chandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Meilan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Lynn M Lerner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Charles A Nino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Connor Ward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Erin F Cobain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Lori J Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - James M Rae
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Corey W Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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19
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Novel Combinatorial Strategy Using Thermal Inkjet Bioprinting, Chemotherapy, and Radiation on Human Breast Cancer Cells; an In-Vitro Cell Viability Assessment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247864. [PMID: 34947458 PMCID: PMC8704911 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) continues to have the second highest mortality amongst women in the United States after lung cancer. For 2021, the American Cancer Association predicted 281,550 new invasive breast cancer cases besides 49,290 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer and 43,600 deaths from the metastatic disease. A treatment modality is radiation therapy, which is given for local control as well as palliation of patient symptoms. The initial step of new drug development is in-vitro cell studies, which help describe new drug properties and toxicities. However, these models are not optimal, and better ones have yet to be determined. This study uses bioprinting technology to elucidate the sensitivity of tumor cells to the combination of palbociclib (PD) and letrozole (Let) treatment. We hypothesize that this technology could serve as a model to predict treatment outcomes more efficiently. Methods: The breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 as well as the normal breast epithelial cell line, MCF-10A, were treated with PD-Let with and without radiotherapy (RT), and cell viability was compared in pairwise fashion for thermally inkjet bioprinted (TIB) and manually seeded (MS) cells. Results: In absence of radiation, the TIB MCF7 cells have 2.5 times higher viability than manually seeded (MS) cells when treated with 100 µM palbociclib and 10 µM letrozole, a 36% higher viability when treated with 50 µM palbociclib and 10 µM letrozole, and an 8% higher viability when treated with 10 µM palbociclib and 10 µM letrozole. With 10 Gy of radiation, TIB cells had a 45% higher survival rate than MS cells at the lowest palbociclib concentration and a 29% higher survival rate at the intermediate palbociclib concentration. Without radiation treatment, at a concentration of 10 μM PD-Let, TIB MDA-MB-231 cells show a 8% higher viability than MS cells when treated with 10 µM PD and 10 µM Let; at higher drug concentrations, the differences disappeared, but some 1.7% of the TIB MDA-MB-231 cells survived exposure to 150 μM of PD + 10 μM letrozole vs. none of the MS cells. These cells are more radiation sensitive than the other cell lines tested and less sensitive to the combo drug treatments. We observed an 18% higher survival of TIB MCF-10A cells without radiation treatment when exposed to 10 μM PD + 10 μM Let but no difference in cell survival between the two groups when radiation was applied. Independent of growth conditions, TIB cells did not show more resistance to radiation treatment than MS cells, but a higher resistance to the combo treatment was observed, which was most pronounced in the MCF-7 cell line. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that TIB used in in-vitro models could be a feasible strategy to develop and/or test new anticancer drugs.
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20
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Edwards DM, Speers C, Wahl DR. Targeting Noncanonical Regulators of the DNA Damage Response to Selectively Overcome Cancer Radiation Resistance. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 32:64-75. [PMID: 34861997 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Edwards
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.
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21
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Sad K, Parashar P, Tripathi P, Hungyo H, Sistla R, Soni R, Tandon V. Prochlorperazine enhances radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung carcinoma by stabilizing GDP-bound mutant KRAS conformation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:299-312. [PMID: 34742922 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered as leading cancer with the highest mortality. The KRAS-oncogenic mutations are dominant in lung carcinoma leading to poor prognosis and radioresistance, which is a major impediment to radiotherapy. Thus, KRAS mutant inhibitors that synergistically sensitize tumours to radiation are urgently needed. In pursuance of the search for a novel radiosensitizer, high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs was performed at active site of K-Ras. Prochlorperazine (PCZ), an antipsychotic drug, showed good binding affinity with KRAS-mutant proteins. PCZ binds to the GTP-binding pocket of KRAS-mutant protein and inhibits its constitutive activation by stabilizing the GDP-bound conformation of K-Ras mutants by 9 kcal/mol compared to WT. PCZ alongwith radiation decreased the clonogenic survival of KRAS-mutant NSCLC but not KRAS-WT cells. The combination treatment activates p-ATM, p53, and p21 proteins, leading to cell cycle arrest. PCZ with increasing radiation caused a linear increase in γH2AX foci, suggesting enhanced DSBs-associated apoptosis in radioresistant A549 cells. Pharmacokinetics study showed Cmax = 526 ng/ml at 30min, 4.6h half-life in plasma, and highest accumulation in tumours. PCZ and 10Gy irradiation synergistically radiosensitize mice xenografts via downregulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Our efforts have led to the discovery of PCZ as a lead compound. In preclinical analyses, treatment with PCZ alone and in combination with radiation led to regression of KRAS-G12S tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Sad
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Palak Parashar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pragya Tripathi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Hungharla Hungyo
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ramesh Sistla
- Think Molecular Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560102, India
| | - Ravi Soni
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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22
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Jost T, Heinzerling L, Fietkau R, Hecht M, Distel LV. Palbociclib Induces Senescence in Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cells and Leads to Additive Growth Arrest in Combination With Irradiation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740002. [PMID: 34722291 PMCID: PMC8548830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several kinase inhibitors (KI) bear the potential to act as radiosensitizers. Little is known of the radiosensitizing effects of a wide range of other KI like palbociclib, which is approved in ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Method In our study, we used healthy donor fibroblasts and breast cancer and skin cancer cells to investigate the influence of a concomitant KI + radiation therapy. Cell death and cell cycle distribution were studied by flow cytometry after Annexin-V/7-AAD and Hoechst staining. Cellular growth arrest was studied in colony-forming assays. Furthermore, we used C12-FDG staining (senescence) and mRNA expression analysis (qPCR) to clarify cellular mechanisms. Results The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib induced a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Cellular toxicity (cell death) was only slightly increased by palbociclib and not enhanced by additional radiotherapy. As the main outcome of the colony formation assays, we found that cellular growth arrest was induced by palbociclib and improved by radiotherapy in an additive manner. Noticeably, palbociclib treatment clearly induced senescence not only in breast cancer and partly in melanoma cells, but also in healthy fibroblasts. According to these findings, the downregulation of senescence-related FOXM1 might be an involved mechanism of the senescence-induction potential of palbociclib. Conclusion The effect on cellular growth arrest of palbociclib and radiotherapy is additive. Palbociclib induces permanent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by inducing senescence in fibroblasts, breast cancer, and melanoma cells. Direct cell death induction is only a minor secondary mechanism of action. Concomitant KI and radiotherapy is a strategy worth studying in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Saengboonmee C, Detarya M, Sangkhamanon S, Sawanyawisuth K, Seubwai W, Wongkham S. High Glucose Induced Upregulation of Cyclin a Associating with a Short Survival of Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma: A Potential Target for Treatment of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1734-1744. [PMID: 34353198 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1961830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). High glucose underlying the association between DM and CCA by modulating the intracellular signaling has been demonstrated. However, the effects of DM and hyperglycemia on cell cycle machineries and progression of CCA remain elucidated. CCA cells, KKU-213A and KKU-213B were cultured in normal (NG, 5.6 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) resembling euglycemia and hyperglycemia. Western blotting was used to determine expressions of cell cycle machineries in CCA cells. The expression of cyclin A in CCA tissues from patients with or without hyperglycemia was determined by immunohistochemistry. Pan-cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitor and silencing of cyclin A expression were investigated as a possible modality targeting CCA treatment in patients with DM. High glucose induced expression of cell cycle machinery proteins in both CCA cells. Among these, cyclin A was consistently and significantly upregulated. Nuclear cyclin A was significantly increased in tumor tissues from CCA patients with hyperglycemia and was significantly associated with post-operative survival of shorter than 5 mo. Silencing cyclin A expression sensitized CCA cells to pan-CDKs inhibitor, suggesting the combined treatment as an alternative approach for treatment of CCA patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Marutpong Detarya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakkarn Sangkhamanon
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Gil-Gil M, Alba E, Gavilá J, de la Haba-Rodríguez J, Ciruelos E, Tolosa P, Candini D, Llombart-Cussac A. The role of CDK4/6 inhibitors in early breast cancer. Breast 2021; 58:160-169. [PMID: 34087775 PMCID: PMC8184648 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) has proven to be a successful strategy in the treatment of advanced hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC), leading to a strong interest in their possible role in the treatment of early luminal BC. In this review we collect the most relevant and recent information on the use of CDK4/6i for the treatment of early BC in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Specifically, we evaluate the results of the large phase 3 adjuvant trials recently released, which have yielded apparently divergent results. We also examine the relevance of biomarkers as response predictive factors for CDI4/6i, the combination between radiotherapy and CDK4/6i, and provide a critical discussion on the evidence that we have so far and future directions of the role of these drugs in the treatment of early BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gil-Gil
- Institut Català d'Oncologia IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gavilá
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan de la Haba-Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eva Ciruelos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Tolosa
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Llombart-Cussac
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain; FISABIO, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Zhang J, Xu D, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Yang X. Mechanisms and Implications of CDK4/6 Inhibitors for the Treatment of NSCLC. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676041. [PMID: 34395246 PMCID: PMC8361448 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression in malignant tumor cells and play an important role through complex molecular interactions. Dysregulation of CDK dependent pathways is often found in non-small cell lung cancer, which indicates its vulnerability and can be used in clinical benefit. CDK4/6 inhibitors can prevent tumor cells from entering the G approved 1 and S phases, which have been studied in a series of explorations and brought great clinical effect to patients and encouragement to both physicians and researchers, thereby showing potential as a new therapeutic agent. A series of preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out on CDK4/6 inhibitors in NSCLC, and have been achieved some results, which may become a new potential treatment in the future. This review focuses on the research progress on CDK4/6 inhibitors in NSCLC, particularly the mechanisms of action, drugs, clinical research progress, and future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dayu Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengfei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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van Aken ESM, Beeker A, Houtenbos I, Pos FJ, Linn SC, Elkhuizen PHM, de Jong MC. Unexpected toxicity of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and radiotherapy. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1470. [PMID: 34145976 PMCID: PMC8842704 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of hormone receptor–positive and HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer in association with endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women. Data on the interaction of CDK4/6 inhibition and radiotherapy are scarce, but some studies show unexpected toxicity. Cases We report three cases of unexpected severe or prolonged soft tissue, skin, and gastrointestinal toxicity in patients treated with a combination of radiotherapy and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Conclusion These cases indicate a possible interaction between radiotherapy and palbociclib. Therefore, we recommend using radiotherapy cautiously when combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert S M van Aken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart Beeker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Houtenbos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Pos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula H M Elkhuizen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C de Jong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CKIs) has marked a major development in the standard treatment of advanced breast cancer. Extensive preclinical, translational and clinical research efforts into CKI agents are ongoing, and clinical application of this class of systemic anti-cancer therapy is anticipated to expand beyond metastatic breast cancer treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that mechanisms by which CKI agents exert their therapeutic effect transcend their initially expected impacts on cell cycle control into the realms of cancer immunology and metabolism. The recent expansion in our understanding of the multifaceted impact of CKIs on tumour biology has the potential to improve clinical study design, therapeutic strategies and ultimately patient outcomes. This review contextualises the current status of CKI therapy by providing an overview of the original and emerging insights into mechanisms of action and the evidence behind their current routine use in breast cancer management. Recent preclinical and clinical studies into CKIs across tumour types are discussed, including a synthesis of the more than 300 clinical trials of CKI-combination treatments registered as of November 2020. Key challenges and opportunities anticipated in the 2020s are explored, including treatment resistance, combination therapy strategies and potential biomarker development.
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Barberi V, Pietragalla A, Franceschini G, Marazzi F, Paris I, Cognetti F, Masetti R, Scambia G, Fabi A. Oligometastatic Breast Cancer: How to Manage It? J Pers Med 2021; 11:532. [PMID: 34207648 PMCID: PMC8227505 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer among women and represents the second leading cause of cancer-specific death. A subset of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) presents limited disease, termed 'oligometastatic' breast cancer (OMBC). The oligometastatic disease can be managed with different treatment strategies to achieve long-term remission and eventually cure. Several approaches are possible to cure the oligometastatic disease: locoregional treatments of the primary tumor and of all the metastatic sites, such as surgery and radiotherapy; systemic treatment, including target-therapy or immunotherapy, according to the biological status of the primary tumor and/or of the metastases; or the combination of these approaches. Encouraging results involve local ablative options, but these trials are limited by being retrospective and affected by selection bias. Systemic therapy, e.g., the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER-2 negative BC, leads to an increase of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in all the subgroups, with favorable toxicity. Regardless of the lack of substantial data, this subset of patients could be treated with curative intent; the appropriate candidates could be mostly young women, for whom a multidisciplinary aggressive approach appears suitable. We provide a global perspective on the current treatment paradigms of OMBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Barberi
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Pietragalla
- Scientific Directorate, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Multidisciplinary Breast Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Fabio Marazzi
- UOC Radiotherapy, Department of Imaging Diagnostic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ida Paris
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Multidisciplinary Breast Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Scientific Directorate, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Unit of Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer, Scientific Directorate, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Gallage S, García-Beccaria M, Szydlowska M, Rahbari M, Mohr R, Tacke F, Heikenwalder M. The therapeutic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. MED 2021; 2:505-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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de Almeida LC, Calil FA, Machado-Neto JA, Costa-Lotufo LV. DNA damaging agents and DNA repair: From carcinogenesis to cancer therapy. Cancer Genet 2021; 252-253:6-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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31
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Pérez-Romasanta LA, González-Del Portillo E, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez A, Matías-Pérez Á. Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Radiosensitization Strategies and Radiation-Immunotherapy Combination. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020192. [PMID: 33430362 PMCID: PMC7825787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiotherapy is rapidly turning into a crucial component of multidisciplinary treatment for liver cancer because many patients are not surgical treatment candidates. Thanks to technical developments, radiotherapy have achieved high precision treatments, making it possible to eliminate tumor cells without severe damage to the liver and other organs. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy is an advanced radiotherapy technique able to eradicate malignant tumors wherever they are located in properly selected patients. The best use of radiotherapy, the most fruitful radiotherapy strategy, and the best way to combine it with other treatments for liver cancer are largely unknown. Radiosensitizers, agents that can potentiate radiotherapy, could broaden the radiotherapeutic landscape. Radiotherapy potentiation can be achieved with diverse treatments, not only drugs but also nanoparticles. In order to clear up the performance of radiotherapy in liver cancer management in the future and the best ways to potentiate its effects, considerable medical research is needed. Abstract Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging ablative modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most patients with HCC have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, and therefore, are not candidates for definitive-intent therapies such as resection or transplantation. For this reason, various alternative local and regional therapies have been used to prevent disease progression, palliate symptoms, and delay liver failure. Stereotactic body radiation therapy is a non-invasive technique of delivering ablative doses of radiation to tumors while sparing normal or non-tumor hepatic tissue. Incorporation of SBRT in multidisciplinary HCC management is gradual, initially applied when other liver-directed therapies have failed or are contraindicated, and tried in combination with other locoregional or systemic therapies for more unfavorable conditions by more experienced teams. In order to improve SBRT therapeutic ratio, there has been much interest in augmenting the effect of radiation on tumors by combining it with chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapeutics, nanoparticles, and immunotherapy. This review aims to synthesize available evidence to evaluate the clinical feasibility and efficacy of SBRT for HCC, and to explore novel radio-potentiation concepts by combining SBRT with novel therapeutics. It is expected that those approaches would result in improved therapeutic outcomes, even though many questions remain with regard to the optimal way to assemble treatments. Further trials are needed to evaluate and consolidate these promising therapies for HCC.
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Horbinski C, Xi G, Wang Y, Hashizume R, Gopalakrishnan M, Phillips JJ, Houghton P, James CD, Kalapurakal JA. The effects of palbociclib in combination with radiation in preclinical models of aggressive meningioma. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab085. [PMID: 34345820 PMCID: PMC8325754 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most common tumor arising within the cranium of adults. Despite surgical resection and radiotherapy, many meningiomas invade the brain, and many recur, often repeatedly. To date, no chemotherapy has proven effective against such tumors. Thus, there is an urgent need for chemotherapeutic options for treating meningiomas, especially those that enhance radiotherapy. Palbociclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 that has been shown to enhance radiotherapy in preclinical models of other cancers, is well-tolerated in patients, and is used to treat malignancies elsewhere in the body. We, therefore, sought to determine its therapeutic potential in preclinical models of meningioma. METHODS Patient-derived meningioma cells were tested in vitro and in vivo with combinations of palbociclib and radiation. Outputs included cell viability, apoptosis, clonogenicity, engrafted mouse survival, and analysis of engrafted tumor tissues after therapy. RESULTS We found that palbociclib was highly potent against p16-deficient, Rb-intact CH157 and IOMM-Lee meningioma cells in vitro, but was ineffective against p16-intact, Rb-deficient SF8295 meningioma cells. Palbociclib also enhanced the in vitro efficacy of radiotherapy when used against p16-deficient meningioma, as indicated by cell viability and clonogenic assays. In vivo, the combination of palbociclib and radiation extended the survival of mice bearing orthotopic p16 deficient meningioma xenografts, relative to each as a monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that palbociclib could be repurposed to treat patients with p16-deficient, Rb-intact meningiomas, and that a clinical trial in combination with radiation therapy merits consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guifa Xi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yufen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mahesh Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Charles D James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John A Kalapurakal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Gillman R, Lopes Floro K, Wankell M, Hebbard L. The role of DNA damage and repair in liver cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188493. [PMID: 33316376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is rapidly becoming a major cause of global mortality due to the ever-increasing prevalence of obesity. DNA damage is known to play an important role in cancer initiation, however DNA repair systems are also vital for the survival of cancer cells. Given the function of the liver and its exposure to the gut, it is likely that DNA damage and repair would be of particular importance in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, many contemporary reports have neglected the role of individual pathways of DNA damage and repair in their hypotheses. This review, therefore, aims to provide a concise overview for researchers in the field of liver cancer to understand the pathways of DNA damage and repair and their individual roles in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Gillman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie Lopes Floro
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miriam Wankell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lionel Hebbard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Bosacki C, Bouleftour W, Sotton S, Vallard A, Daguenet E, Ouaz H, Cojoracu I, Moslemi D, Molekzadehmoghani M, Magné N. CDK 4/6 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy: A review of literature. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 26:79-85. [PMID: 33319074 PMCID: PMC7724290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK 4/6 inhibitors - palbociclib, ribociclib and abomaciclib - were approved by EMA. They are currently prescribed in combination with hormone therapy to treat hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer. Most pre-clinical studies refer to the synergistic effect of CDK4/6i-radiotherapy combination. The issue of their safe combined use with palliative or curative radiotherapy has only been explored through limited retrospective data.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) namely palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib were granted approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) between 2017 and 2018. They are currently prescribed in combination with hormone therapy to treat hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer. Their combination with radiotherapy raises safety concerns as preclinical data enlightened their possible synergistic effect. Moreover, data about toxicity when combining CDK4/6i with radiotherapy are scarce. This review of literature focused on the use of CDK4/6i combined with radiotherapy. It aimed at listing every published data about such combination so as to understand its possible resulting toxicity in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bosacki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Wafa Bouleftour
- University Department of Teaching and Research, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Sotton
- University Department of Teaching and Research, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Alexis Vallard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Daguenet
- University Department of Teaching and Research, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Hamza Ouaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Iohel Cojoracu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Dariush Moslemi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Mona Molekzadehmoghani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France.,University Department of Teaching and Research, Lucien Neuwirth Cancer Institute, 108 bis avenue Albert Raimond, BP60008, 42271 Saint Priest en Jarez cedex, France
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35
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Nia A, Dhanasekaran R. Genomic Landscape of HCC. CURRENT HEPATOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 19:448-461. [PMID: 33816052 PMCID: PMC8015384 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-020-00553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world and it has limited treatment options. Understanding the molecular drivers of HCC is important to develop novel biomarkers and therapeutics. PURPOSE OF REVIEW HCC arises in a complex background of chronic hepatitis, fibrosis and liver regeneration which lead to genomic changes. Here, we summarize studies that have expanded our understanding of the molecular landscape of HCC. RECENT FINDINGS Recent technological advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have elucidated specific genetic and molecular programs involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We summarize the major somatic mutations and epigenetic changes have been identified in NGS-based studies. We also describe promising molecular therapies and immunotherapies which target specific genetic and epigenetic molecular events. SUMMARY The genomic landscape of HCC is incredibly complex and heterogeneous. Promising new developments are helping us decipher the molecular drivers of HCC and leading to new therapies.
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Lee J, Park HS, Won HS, Yang JH, Lee HY, Woo IS, Shin K, Hong JH, Yang YJ, Chun SH, Byun JH. Real-World Clinical Data of Palbociclib in Asian Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: Experiences from Eight Institutions. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:409-423. [PMID: 33138346 PMCID: PMC8053880 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors improved survival outcome of hormone receptor (HR) positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients, including Asian population. However, Asian real-world data of palbociclib is limited. We analyzed the real-world clinical practice patterns and outcome in HR-positive, MBC Asian patients treated with palbociclib. Materials and Methods Between April 2017 to November 2019, 169 HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor-2–negative MBC patients treated with letrozole or fulvestrant plus palbocilib were enrolled from eight institutions. Survival outcome (progression-free survival [PFS]), treatment response and toxicity profiles were analyzed. Results Median age of letrozole plus palbociclib (145 patients, 85.8%) and fulvestrant plus palbociclib (24 patients, 14.2%) was 58 and 53.5 years, with median follow-up duration of 14.63 months (range 0.2 to 33.9 months). Median PFS (mPFS) of letrozole plus palbociclib and fulvestrant plus palbociclib was 25.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.1 to not reached) and 6.37 months (95% CI, 5.33 to not reached), comparable to previous phase 3 trials. In letrozole plus palbociclib arm, luminal A (hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.20 to 6.80; p=0.017) and patients with good performance (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0–1 [hazard ratio, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.70 to 7.96]) showed better mPFS. In fulvestrant plus palbociclib group, chemotherapy naïve patients showed better mPFS (hazard ratio, 12.51, 95% CI, 1.59 to 99.17; p=0.017). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event was neutropenia (letrozole 86.3%, fulvestrant 88.3%). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first real-world data of palbociclib reported in Asia. Palbociclib showed comparable benefit to previous phase 3 trials in Asian patients during daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sung Won
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sook Woo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kabsoo Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joon Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Byun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Yang Y, Luo J, Chen X, Yang Z, Mei X, Ma J, Zhang Z, Guo X, Yu X. CDK4/6 inhibitors: a novel strategy for tumor radiosensitization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:188. [PMID: 32933570 PMCID: PMC7490904 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the focus of enhancing tumor radiosensitivity has shifted from chemotherapeutics to targeted therapies. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are a novel class of selective cell cycle therapeutics that target the cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex and induce G1 phase arrest. These agents have demonstrated favorable effects when used as monotherapy or combined with endocrine therapy and targeted inhibitors, stimulating further explorations of other combination strategies. Multiple preclinical studies have indicated that CDK4/6 inhibitors exhibit a synergistic effect with radiotherapy both in vitro and in vivo. The principal mechanisms of radiosensitization effects include inhibition of DNA damage repair, enhancement of apoptosis, and blockade of cell cycle progression, which provide the rationale for clinical use. CDK4/6 inhibitors also induce cellular senescence and promote anti-tumor immunity, which might represent potential mechanisms for radiosensitization. Several small sample clinical studies have preliminarily indicated that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and radiotherapy exhibited well-tolerated toxicity and promising efficacy. However, most clinical trials in combined therapy remain in the recruitment stage. Further work is required to seek optimal radiotherapy-drug combinations. In this review, we describe the effects and underlying mechanisms of CDK4/6 inhibitors as a radiosensitizer and discuss previous clinical studies to evaluate the prospects and challenges of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jurui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhaozhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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38
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Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a fatal disease that affects millions of lives worldwide. PLC is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the incidence rate is predicted to rise in the coming decades. PLC can be categorized into three major histological subtypes: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and combined HCC-ICC. These subtypes are distinct with respect to epidemiology, clinicopathological features, genetic alterations, and clinical managements, which are thoroughly summarized in this review. The state of treatment strategies for each subtype, including the currently approved drugs and the potential novel therapies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shaokun Shu
- Translational Cancer Research Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
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39
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Guerini AE, Pedretti S, Salah E, Simoncini EL, Maddalo M, Pegurri L, Pedersini R, Vassalli L, Pasinetti N, Peretto G, Triggiani L, Costantino G, Figlia V, Alongi F, Magrini SM, Buglione M. A single-center retrospective safety analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors concurrent with radiation therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13589. [PMID: 32788596 PMCID: PMC7423932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors gained an essential role in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Nevertheless, data regarding their use in combination with radiotherapy are still scarce. We performed a retrospective preliminary analysis of breast cancer patients treated at our Center with palliative radiation therapy and concurrent CDK4/6 inhibitors. Toxicities were measured according to CTCAE 4.0, local response according to RECIST 1.1 or PERCIST 1.0 and pain control using verbal numeric scale. 18 patients (32 treated sites) were identified; 50% received palbociclib, 33.3% ribociclib and 16.7% abemacliclib. Acute non-hematologic toxicity was fair, with the only exception of a patient who developed G3 ileitis. During 3 months following RT, 61.1% of patients developed G 3–4 neutropenia; nevertheless no patient required permanent suspension of treatment. Pain control was complete in 88.2% of patients three months after radiotherapy; 94.4% of patients achieved and maintained local control of disease. Radiotherapy concomitant to CDK4/6 inhibitors is feasible and characterized by a fair toxicity profile, with isolated episodes of high-grade reversible intestinal toxicity. Rate of G 3–4 neutropenia was comparable with that measured for CDK4/6 inhibitors alone. Promising results were reported in terms of pain relief and local control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Emanuele Guerini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Pedretti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Salah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Edda Lucia Simoncini
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Maddalo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pegurri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Vassalli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nadia Pasinetti
- Radiation Oncology Service, ASST Valcamonica, 25040, Esine, Italy
| | - Gloria Peretto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Triggiani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Costantino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Figlia
- Advanced Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Care Center, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don Sempreboni 5, 37034, Verona, Negrar, Italy
| | - Filippo Alongi
- Advanced Radiation Oncology Department, Cancer Care Center, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don Sempreboni 5, 37034, Verona, Negrar, Italy
| | - Stefano Maria Magrini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Buglione
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brescia University, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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40
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Gong J, Chuang J, Cho M, Toomey K, Hendifar A, Li D. Molecular Targets, Pathways, and Therapeutic Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155232. [PMID: 32718047 PMCID: PMC7432744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. While significant advances have been made for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the past few years, the prognosis remains poor and effective biomarkers to guide selection of therapies remain noticeably absent. However, several targeted therapies have been approved in the past few years that have improved the outlook for this disease. In this review, we will highlight the recent therapies approved for the treatment of advanced HCC and discuss promising therapeutic options, targets, and pathways for drug development and consideration for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Malignancies, Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Jeremy Chuang
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - May Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Kyra Toomey
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (M.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Andrew Hendifar
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Daneng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Correspondence:
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41
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Russo LC, Farias JO, Forti FL. DUSP3 maintains genomic stability and cell proliferation by modulating NER pathway and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1545-1561. [PMID: 32380926 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1762043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DUSP3 phosphatase regulates cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence of different cell types, lately shown as a mediator of DNA repair processes. This work evaluated the impact of DUSP3 loss of function (lof) on DNA repair-proficient fibroblasts (MRC-5), NER-deficient cell lines (XPA and XPC) and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS)-deficient cells (XPV), after UV-radiation stress. The levels of DNA strand breaks, CPDs and 6-4-PPs have accumulated over time in all cells under DUSP3 lof, with a significant increase in NER-deficient lines. The inefficient repair of these lesions increased sub-G1 population of XPA and XPC cells 24 hours after UV treatment, notably marked by DUSP3 lof, which is associated with a reduced cell population in G1, S and G2/M phases. It was also detected an increase in S and G2/M populations of XPV and MRC-5 cells after UV-radiation exposure, which was slightly attenuated by DUSP3 lof due to a discrete increase in sub-G1 cells. The cell cycle progression was accompanied by changes in the levels of the main Cyclins (A1, B1, D1 or E1), CDKs (1, 2, 4 or 6), and the p21 Cip1 inhibitor, in a DUSP3-dependent manner. DUSP3 lof affected the proliferation of MRC-5 and XPA cells, with marked worsening of the XP phenotype after UV radiation. This work highlights the roles of DUSP3 in DNA repair fitness and in the fine control of regulatory proteins of cell cycle, essential mechanisms to maintenance of genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Cristina Russo
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo , São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Oliveira Farias
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo , São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luis Forti
- Laboratory of Signaling in Biomolecular Systems, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo , São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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42
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Sager RA, Dushukyan N, Woodford M, Mollapour M. Structure and function of the co-chaperone protein phosphatase 5 in cancer. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:383-394. [PMID: 32239474 PMCID: PMC7193036 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that regulates many cellular functions including steroid hormone signaling, stress response, proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. PP5 is also a co-chaperone of the heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone machinery that assists in regulation of cellular signaling pathways essential for cell survival and growth. PP5 plays a significant role in survival and propagation of multiple cancers, which makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. Though there are several naturally occurring PP5 inhibitors, none is specific for PP5. Here, we review the roles of PP5 in cancer progression and survival and discuss the unique features of the PP5 structure that differentiate it from other phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family members and make it an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Natela Dushukyan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mark Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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43
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Cervello M, Emma MR, Augello G, Cusimano A, Giannitrapani L, Soresi M, Akula SM, Abrams SL, Steelman LS, Gulino A, Belmonte B, Montalto G, McCubrey JA. New landscapes and horizons in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3053-3094. [PMID: 32018226 PMCID: PMC7041742 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the sixth most frequent form of cancer and leads to the fourth highest number of deaths each year. HCC results from a combination of environmental factors and aging as there are driver mutations at oncogenes which occur during aging. Most of HCCs are diagnosed at advanced stage preventing curative therapies. Treatment in advanced stage is a challenging and pressing problem, and novel and well-tolerated therapies are urgently needed. We will discuss further advances beyond sorafenib that target additional signaling pathways and immune checkpoint proteins. The scenario of possible systemic therapies for patients with advanced HCC has changed dramatically in recent years. Personalized genomics and various other omics approaches may identify actionable biochemical targets, which are activated in individual patients, which may enhance therapeutic outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify predictive biomarkers and aberrantly activated signaling pathways capable of guiding the clinician in choosing the most appropriate therapy for the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria R. Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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44
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Xue L, Guo C, Zhang K, Jiang H, Pang F, Dou Y, Liu X, Lin H, Dong X, Zhao S, Yao M, Wang K, Feng Y, Gu W. Comprehensive molecular profiling of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Chinese population and potential targets for clinical practice. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2019; 8:615-622. [PMID: 31929988 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a diverse group of malignancies arising from the intra- or extrahepatic biliary epithelium and characterized by its late diagnosis and fatal outcome. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) accounts for 90% of CCA. However, little is known about the comprehensive genomic alterations of ECC in Chinese population for providing clinical managements especially targeted therapy. Methods Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed with next generation sequencing panel on paraffin-embedded tumor from a cohort of 80 Chinese ECC patients. Results The most frequently altered genes were TP53 (68%), KRAS (46%), SMAD4 (22%), ARID1A (20%) and CDKN2A (19%). Mutual exclusivity was observed between multiple genes including ARID1A:TP53, KRAS:LRP1B and NF2:TP53. Genetic alterations with potential therapeutic implications were identified in 43% of patients. The top three actionable alterations include CDKN2A (n=11), BRAF (n=5) and ERBB2 (n=4). Potentially actionable alterations were mainly enriched in the G1-S transition, homologous recombination repair, MAPK/ERK pathway. Conclusions This is the largest data set of ECC cases providing a comprehensive view on genetic alterations in Chinese population which differs significantly from a US cohort, and indicates the potential clinical implications for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Cancer, People's Hospital of Wuzhou, Wuzhou 543000, China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650011, China
| | - Fei Pang
- OrigiMed Inc., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Ying Dou
- OrigiMed Inc., Shanghai 201114, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming Yao
- OrigiMed Inc., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Kai Wang
- OrigiMed Inc., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiguang Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China
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45
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Göttgens EL, Bussink J, Leszczynska KB, Peters H, Span PN, Hammond EM. Inhibition of CDK4/CDK6 Enhances Radiosensitivity of HPV Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:548-558. [PMID: 31271827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus negative (HPV-ve) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor prognosis compared with HPV+ve HNSCCs. Expression of p16 in HPV+ve HNSCC is thought to mediate radiosensitivity via inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6. We used a clinically approved CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor, palbociclib, and assessed its effect on radiosensitivity in HNSCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS The effect of palbociclib on radiosensitivity was determined in HPV-ve and HPV+ve HNSCC cell lines using colony survival assays, immunofluorescent staining of repair proteins, homologous recombination assays, cell cycle, and metaphase spread analyses. RESULTS Only HPV-ve HNSCC cells were radiosensitized by palbociclib, which also occurred at hypoxic levels associated with radioresistance. Palbociclib led to decreased induction of BRCA1 and RAD51 after irradiation. Homologous recombination was diminished and repair of radiation-induced DNA damage was delayed in the presence of palbociclib, leading to increased chromosomal damage. Failure to repair radiation-induced damage led to cell death as a result of mitotic catastrophe. CONCLUSIONS Here, we highlight a therapeutic strategy to improve the radiosensitivity of HPV-ve HNSCC, a patient group that has an unmet and urgent need for improved radiation therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Leonne Göttgens
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Bussink
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna B Leszczynska
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Peters
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M Hammond
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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46
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Chen C, Nelson LJ, Ávila MA, Cubero FJ. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Cholangiocarcinoma: The Missing Link. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101172. [PMID: 31569444 PMCID: PMC6829385 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of both liver and biliary tract cancer has increased. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the two most common types of hepatic malignancies. Whereas HCC is the fifth most common malignant tumor in Western countries, the prevalence of CCA has taken an alarming increase from 0.3 to 2.1 cases per 100,000 people. The lack of specific biomarkers makes diagnosis very difficult in the early stages of this fatal cancer. Thus, the prognosis of CCA is dismal and surgery is the only effective treatment, whilst recurrence after resection is common. Even though chemotherapy and radiotherapy may prolong survival in patients with CCA, the 5-year survival rate is still very low—a significant global problem in clinical diagnosis and therapy. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in signal transduction by converting extracellular stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses including inflammatory response, stress response, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of the MAPK cascade involves key signaling components and phosphorylation events that play an important role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological role of MAPK, current therapeutic options, and the current situation of MAPK-targeted therapies in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Chen
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering (IBioE), School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3 JL, Scotland, UK.
| | - Matías A Ávila
- Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Chowdhary M, Sen N, Chowdhary A, Usha L, Cobleigh MA, Wang D, Patel KR, Barry PN, Rao RD. Safety and Efficacy of Palbociclib and Radiation Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: Initial Results of a Novel Combination. Adv Radiat Oncol 2019; 4:453-457. [PMID: 31360799 PMCID: PMC6639750 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Palbociclib is a selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor approved for metastatic ER+/HER2- breast cancer. Preclinical evidence suggests a possible synergistic effect of palbociclib when combined with radiation therapy (RT); however, the toxicity of this pairing is unknown. We report preliminary results on the use of this combination. Methods and Materials Records of patients treated with palbociclib at our institution from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received RT for symptomatic metastases concurrently or within 14 days of palbociclib were included. Local treatment effect was assessed by clinical examination and subsequent computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Toxicity was graded based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Results A total of 16 women received palliative RT in close temporal proximity to palbociclib administration. Four patients received palbociclib before RT (25.0%), 5 concurrently (31.3%), and 7 after RT (43.8%). The median interval from closest palbociclib use to RT was 5 days (range, 0-14). The following sites were irradiated in decreasing order of frequency: bone (11 axial skeleton [9 vertebra and 2 other]; 4 pelvis; 3 extremity), brain (4: 3 whole brain RT and 1 stereotactic radiosurgery), and mediastinum (1). The median and mean follow-up time is 14.7 and 17.6 months (range, 1.7-38.2). Pain relief was achieved in all patients. No radiographic local failure was noted in the 13 patients with evaluable follow-up imaging. Leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were seen in 4 (25.0%), 5 (31.3%), and 1 (6.3%) patient before RT. After RT, 5 (31.3%), 1 (6.3%), and 3 (18.8%) patients were leukopenic, neutropenic, and thrombocytopenic, respectively. All but 2 (grade 2) hematologic toxicities were grade 1. No acute or late grade 2+ cutaneous, neurologic, or gastrointestinal toxicities were noted. Toxicity results did not differ based on disease site, palbociclib-RT temporal association, or irradiated site. Conclusions The use of RT in patients receiving palbociclib resulted in minimal grade 2 and no grade 3+ toxicities. This preliminary work suggests that symptomatic patients receiving palbociclib may be safely irradiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudit Chowdhary
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neilayan Sen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akansha Chowdhary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lydia Usha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melody A Cobleigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kirtesh R Patel
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Parul N Barry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruta D Rao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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P53 pathway is a major determinant in the radiosensitizing effect of Palbociclib: Implication in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 451:23-33. [PMID: 30872077 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Targeting cell cycle has become one of the major challenges in cancer therapy, being Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, an excellent example. Recently, it has been reported that Palbociclib could be a novel radiosensitizer agent. In an attempt to clarify the molecular basis of this effect we have used cell lines from colorectal (HT29, HCT116) lung (A549, H1299) and breast cancer (MCF-7). Our results indicate that the presence of a p53 wild type is strictly required for Palbociclib to exert its radiosensitizing effect, independently of the inhibitory effect exerted on CDK4/6. In fact, abrogation of p53 in cells with functional p53 blocks the radiosensitizing effect of Palbociclib. Moreover, no radiosensitizing effect is observed in cells with non-functional p53, but restoration of p53 function promotes radiosensitivity associated to Palbociclib. Furthermore, the presence of Palbociclib blocks the transcriptional activity of p53 in an ATM-dependent-fashion after ionizing radiation exposure, as the blockage of p21/WAF1 expression demonstrates. These observations are a proof of concept for a more selective therapy, based on the combination of CDK4/6 inhibition and radiotherapy, which would only benefit to those patients with a functional p53 pathway.
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53BP1: A key player of DNA damage response with critical functions in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 73:110-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nur Husna SM, Tan HTT, Mohamud R, Dyhl-Polk A, Wong KK. Inhibitors targeting CDK4/6, PARP and PI3K in breast cancer: a review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918808509. [PMID: 30542378 PMCID: PMC6236629 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918808509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the global leading cause of cancer-related death in women and it
represents a major health burden worldwide. One of the promising breast cancer
therapeutic avenues is through small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) which have
undergone rapid progress with successful clinical trials. Recently, three
emerging and vital groups of proteins are targeted by SMIs for breast cancer
treatment, namely cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), poly (adenosine
diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
Several of these inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of breast
cancer patients or progressed into late-stage clinical trials. Thus, modeling
from these successful clinical trials, as well as their limitations, is pivotal
for future development and trials of other inhibitors or therapeutic regimens
targeting breast cancer patients. In this review, we discuss eight recently
approved or novel SMIs against CDK4/6 (palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib),
PARP (olaparib, veliparib and talazoparib), and PI3K (buparlisib and alpelisib).
The mechanisms of action, series of clinical trials and limitations are
described for each inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hern-Tze Tina Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anne Dyhl-Polk
- Department of Oncology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
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