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Yang Z, Xi Y, Qi J, Li L, Bai L, Zhang J, Lv J, Li B, Liu H. Genome-wide association studies reveal the genetic basis of growth and carcass traits in Sichuan Shelduck. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104211. [PMID: 39216264 PMCID: PMC11402601 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
China has abundant local duck resource populations, and evaluating the characteristics of these breeds will help improve development and utilization. In this study, we conducted the first investigations of growth and slaughter performance on Sichuan Shelduck (n = 240), an endangered duck local breed. The average body weight is 1497.91 g at 90 d of age. According to the growth curve through data recorded every 2 wk, we observed a low relative growth rate (RGR) for the early growth stage. The RGR shows a decreasing trend with age increasing in the stage from 0 to 56 d of age. The SNP-based heritability estimation showed the growth rate has a relatively high heritability, indicating high genetic stability for this trait. In the correlation analysis, the percentage of leg muscle is positively correlated with the absolute growth rate (AGR) at 28 to 42 d of age, whereas it is negatively correlated with the earlier stages, exhibiting a time-specific correlation result. Additionally, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified PCSK6, TOX2, and TOMM7 as potential candidate genes influencing AGR (42-56) and AGR (56-90), while the candidate genes of slaughter traits were PTP4A2, FAM110B, TOX, UBXN2B, and FCHSD2. These results provide an important reference for further understanding the genetic basis of growth and meat production performance of Sichuan Shelduck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lili Bai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Rural Revitalization Development Service Centre, Zigong, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Rural Revitalization Development Service Centre, Zigong, China
| | - Bo Li
- Farming Service Centre, Rong County, Zigong, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China.
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Velle KB, Swafford AJM, Garner E, Fritz-Laylin LK. Actin network evolution as a key driver of eukaryotic diversification. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261660. [PMID: 39120594 PMCID: PMC12050087 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have been evolving for billions of years, giving rise to wildly diverse cell forms and functions. Despite their variability, all eukaryotic cells share key hallmarks, including membrane-bound organelles, heavily regulated cytoskeletal networks and complex signaling cascades. Because the actin cytoskeleton interfaces with each of these features, understanding how it evolved and diversified across eukaryotic phyla is essential to understanding the evolution and diversification of eukaryotic cells themselves. Here, we discuss what we know about the origin and diversity of actin networks in terms of their compositions, structures and regulation, and how actin evolution contributes to the diversity of eukaryotic form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina B. Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | | | - Ethan Garner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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3
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Gautreau A, Lappalainen P, Rottner K. Editorial-A fresh look at an ancient protein: Actin in health and disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151306. [PMID: 37087386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gautreau
- CNRS UMR7654, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) - Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Li M, Peng D, Cao H, Yang X, Li S, Qiu HJ, Li LF. The Host Cytoskeleton Functions as a Pleiotropic Scaffold: Orchestrating Regulation of the Viral Life Cycle and Mediating Host Antiviral Innate Immune Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:1354. [PMID: 37376653 PMCID: PMC10301361 DOI: 10.3390/v15061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that critically depend on their hosts to initiate infection, complete replication cycles, and generate new progeny virions. To achieve these goals, viruses have evolved numerous elegant strategies to subvert and utilize different cellular machinery. The cytoskeleton is often one of the first components to be hijacked as it provides a convenient transport system for viruses to enter the cell and reach the site of replication. The cytoskeleton is an intricate network involved in controlling the cell shape, cargo transport, signal transduction, and cell division. The host cytoskeleton has complex interactions with viruses during the viral life cycle, as well as cell-to-cell transmission once the life cycle is completed. Additionally, the host also develops unique, cytoskeleton-mediated antiviral innate immune responses. These processes are also involved in pathological damages, although the comprehensive mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we briefly summarize the functions of some prominent viruses in inducing or hijacking cytoskeletal structures and the related antiviral responses in order to provide new insights into the crosstalk between the cytoskeleton and viruses, which may contribute to the design of novel antivirals targeting the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Gupta S, Santangelo CD, Patteson AE, Schwarz JM. How cells wrap around virus-like particles using extracellular filamentous protein structures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526272. [PMID: 36778225 PMCID: PMC9915516 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by the noted presence of extracellular vimentin affecting viral and bacteria uptake, as well as the structure of coronaviruses, we construct a computational model in which both the cell-like construct and the virus-like construct contain filamentous protein structures protruding from their surfaces. We then study the impact of these additional degrees of freedom on viral wrapping. We find that cells with an optimal density of filamentous extracellular components (ECCs) are more likely to be infected as they uptake the virus faster and use relatively less cell surface area per individual virus. At the optimal density, the cell surface folds around the virus, and folds are faster and more efficient at wrapping the virus than crumple-like wrapping. We also find that cell surface bending rigidity helps generate folds, as bending rigidity enhances force transmission across the surface. However, changing other mechanical parameters, such as the stretching stiffness of filamentous ECCs or virus spikes, can drive crumple-like formation of the cell surface. We conclude with the implications of our study on the evolutionary pressures of virus-like particles, with a particular focus on the cellular microenvironment that may include filamentous ECCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
| | | | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
| | - J M Schwarz
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
- Indian Creek Farm, Ithaca, NY USA
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Yang C, Colosi P, Hugelier S, Zabezhinsky D, Lakadamyali M, Svitkina T. Actin polymerization promotes invagination of flat clathrin-coated lattices in mammalian cells by pushing at lattice edges. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6127. [PMID: 36253374 PMCID: PMC9576739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) requires energy input from actin polymerization in mechanically challenging conditions. The roles of actin in CME are poorly understood due to inadequate knowledge of actin organization at clathrin-coated structures (CCSs). Using platinum replica electron microscopy of mammalian cells, we show that Arp2/3 complex-dependent branched actin networks, which often emerge from microtubule tips, assemble along the CCS perimeter, lack interaction with the apical clathrin lattice, and have barbed ends oriented toward the CCS. This structure is hardly compatible with the widely held "apical pulling" model describing actin functions in CME. Arp2/3 complex inhibition or epsin knockout produce large flat non-dynamic CCSs, which split into invaginating subdomains upon recovery from Arp2/3 inhibition. Moreover, epsin localization to CCSs depends on Arp2/3 activity. We propose an "edge pushing" model for CME, wherein branched actin polymerization promotes severing and invagination of flat CCSs in an epsin-dependent manner by pushing at the CCS boundary, thus releasing forces opposing the intrinsic curvature of clathrin lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Yang
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Patricia Colosi
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Siewert Hugelier
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daniel Zabezhinsky
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Skruzny M. The endocytic protein machinery as an actin-driven membrane-remodeling machine. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151267. [PMID: 35970066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In clathrin-mediated endocytosis, a principal membrane trafficking route of all eukaryotic cells, forces are applied to invaginate the plasma membrane and form endocytic vesicles. These forces are provided by specific endocytic proteins and the polymerizing actin cytoskeleton. One of the best-studied endocytic systems is endocytosis in yeast, known for its simplicity, experimental amenability, and overall similarity to human endocytosis. Importantly, the yeast endocytic protein machinery generates and transmits tremendous force to bend the plasma membrane, making this system beneficial for mechanistic studies of cellular force-driven membrane reshaping. This review summarizes important protein players, molecular functions, applied forces, and open questions and perspectives of this robust, actin-powered membrane-remodeling protein machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Skruzny
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bending over backwards: BAR proteins and the actin cytoskeleton in mammalian receptor-mediated endocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151257. [PMID: 35863103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the actin cytoskeleton during receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) has been well characterized in yeast for many years. Only more recently has the interplay between the actin cytoskeleton and RME been extensively explored in mammalian cells. These studies have revealed the central roles of BAR proteins in RME, and have demonstrated significant roles of BAR proteins in linking the actin cytoskeleton to this cellular process. The actin cytoskeleton generates and transmits mechanical force to promote the extension of receptor-bound endocytic vesicles into the cell. Many adaptor proteins link and regulate the actin cytoskeleton at the sites of endocytosis. This review will cover key effectors, adaptors and signalling molecules that help to facilitate the invagination of the cell membrane during receptor-mediated endocytosis, including recent insights gained on the roles of BAR proteins. The final part of this review will explore associations of alterations to genes encoding BAR proteins with cancer.
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