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Zheng Z, Yang K, Liu N, Fu X, He H, Chen H, Xu P, Wang J, Liu M, Tang Y, Zhao F, Xu S, Yu X, Han J, Yuan B, Jia B, Pang G, Shi Y, Kuang M, Shao H, Xiong H, He J, Pan Y, Chen R. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of inhaled ambroxol in hospitalized adult patients with mucopurulent sputum and expectoration difficulty. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1182602. [PMID: 37305123 PMCID: PMC10248402 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1182602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ambroxol is a widely used mucoactive drug in sputum clearance of respiratory diseases taken orally and by injection. However, there is a paucity of evidence for inhaled ambroxol in sputum clearance. Methods This study performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at 19 centers in China. Hospitalized adult patients with mucopurulent sputum and expectoration difficulty were recruited. Patients were randomized by 1:1 to receive inhalation of either ambroxol hydrochloride solution 3 mL (22.5 mg) + 0.9% sodium chloride 3 mL or 0.9% sodium chloride 6 mL twice daily for 5 days, with an interval of more than 6 h. The primary efficacy endpoint was the absolute change in the sputum property score after treatment compared to the baseline in the intention-to-treat population. Results Between 10 April 2018 and 23 November 2020, 316 patients were recruited and assessed for eligibility, of whom 138 who received inhaled ambroxol and 134 who received a placebo were included. Patients who received inhaled ambroxol had a significantly greater decrease in the sputum property score compared with patients who received inhalation of placebo (difference: -0.29; 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.05; p = 0.0215). Compared with the placebo, inhaled ambroxol also significantly reduced more expectoration volume in 24 h (difference: -0.18; 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.03; p = 0.0166). There was no significant difference in the proportion of adverse events between the two groups, and no deaths were reported. Discussion In hospitalized adult patients with mucopurulent sputum and expectoration difficulty, inhaled ambroxol was safe and effective for sputum clearance compared with a placebo. Clinical trial registration [https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=184677], Chinese Clinical Trial Registry [ChiCTR2200066348].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology and Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ni Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua Fu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huijie He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Yuling Tang
- The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Fengzi Zhao
- The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shufeng Xu
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jichang Han
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Siping Central People's Hospital, Siping, China
| | - Bin Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guifen Pang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | | | - Min Kuang
- The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Haiyan Shao
- The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Medical Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Rongchang Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of South University of Science and Technology and Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
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Bian J, Liang H, Zhang M. Comparison of Clinical Effectiveness Between Ambroxol and N-Acetylcysteine in Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63:172-179. [PMID: 36263951 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a major cause of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and longer hospital stays. Expectorants are widely used during the perioperative period to reduce PPCs. This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness between ambroxol (AMB) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in patients undergoing surgery. A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted using deidentified medical records from hospital information system. Between July 1, 2015, and November 30, 2017, patients aged ≥18 years, who received intravenous AMB or nebulized NAC as the only expectorant therapy for >3 days during their hospitalization for thoracic, abdominal, and neurosurgery, were included in this study. The clinical outcomes were evaluated, and propensity score matching was used to adjust significant differences between 2 groups. A total of 4025 cases in the AMB group and 2062 in NAC group after propensity score matching were identified. The incidence of PPCs (13.9% vs 11.6%; P = .013), postoperative sputum suction (17.2% vs 8.0%; P < .001), intensive care unit admission after surgery (25.1% vs 22.5%; P = .024), and postoperative mechanical ventilation (22.3% versus 17.5%; P < .001) in the AMB group were all significantly higher than those in the NAC group. This study suggested that patients treated with NAC during the perioperative period had a significantly lower risk of PPCs. However, further prospective study is needed to ensure the replicability of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang R, Sun Y, He W, Chen Y, Lu E, Sha X. Pulmonary surfactants affinity Pluronic-hybridized liposomes enhance the treatment of drug-resistant lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120973. [PMID: 34391853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer have ranked first among all kinds of cancers, of which the major type is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Until now, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are still the first choice for patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. However, the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) always leads to the failure of chemotherapy and increases cancer-related mortality. In this study, we prepared a Pluronic-hybridized paclitaxel-loaded liposome (PPL), which was used in combination with ambroxol (Ax) to not only resensitize drug-resistant tumor cells, but also increase the preparation retention in the lung. On the one hand, Ax induced the production of pulmonary surfactants (PS) and responsively improved the accumulation of pulmonary surfactants affinity liposomes whose skeleton was exogenous pulmonary surfactant phospholipids DPPC, because of the specific affinity of phospholipids related to pulmonary surfactant proteins. On the other hand, drug-resistant tumor cells were resensitized due to the inhibition of autophagy by Ax and the reduced expression of the drug-resistant protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) by Pluronic P105. Therefore, we concluded that the combination of PPL and Ax achieved excellent killing tumor effects through multi-path and multi-strategy, having great application prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enhao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Odor PM, Bampoe S, Gilhooly D, Creagh-Brown B, Moonesinghe SR. Perioperative interventions for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 368:m540. [PMID: 32161042 PMCID: PMC7190038 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, appraise, and synthesise the best available evidence on the efficacy of perioperative interventions to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, CINHAL, and CENTRAL from January 1990 to December 2017. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials investigating short term, protocolised medical interventions conducted before, during, or after non-cardiac surgery were included. Trials with clinical diagnostic criteria for PPC outcomes were included. Studies of surgical technique or physiological or biochemical outcomes were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Reviewers independently identified studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Quality of evidence was summarised in accordance with GRADE methods. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs. Secondary outcomes were respiratory infection, atelectasis, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Trial sequential analysis was used to investigate the reliability and conclusiveness of available evidence. Adverse effects of interventions were not measured or compared. RESULTS 117 trials enrolled 21 940 participants, investigating 11 categories of intervention. 95 randomised controlled trials enrolling 18 062 participants were included in meta-analysis; 22 trials were excluded from meta-analysis because the interventions were not sufficiently similar to be pooled. No high quality evidence was found for interventions to reduce the primary outcome (incidence of PPCs). Seven interventions had low or moderate quality evidence with confidence intervals indicating a probable reduction in PPCs: enhanced recovery pathways (risk ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.58), prophylactic mucolytics (0.40, 0.23 to 0.67), postoperative continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (0.49, 0.24 to 0.99), lung protective intraoperative ventilation (0.52, 0.30 to 0.88), prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy (0.55, 0.32 to 0.93), epidural analgesia (0.77, 0.65 to 0.92), and goal directed haemodynamic therapy (0.87, 0.77 to 0.98). Moderate quality evidence showed no benefit for incentive spirometry in preventing PPCs. Trial sequential analysis adjustment confidently supported a relative risk reduction of 25% in PPCs for prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy, epidural analgesia, enhanced recovery pathways, and goal directed haemodynamic therapies. Insufficient data were available to support or refute equivalent relative risk reductions for other interventions. CONCLUSIONS Predominantly low quality evidence favours multiple perioperative PPC reduction strategies. Clinicians may choose to reassess their perioperative care pathways, but the results indicate that new trials with a low risk of bias are needed to obtain conclusive evidence of efficacy for many of these interventions. STUDY REGISTRATION Prospero CRD42016035662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Odor
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sohail Bampoe
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Gilhooly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Benedict Creagh-Brown
- Surrey Perioperative Anaesthesia Critical care collaborative Research (SPACeR) Group, Intensive Care Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - S Ramani Moonesinghe
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, UK
- UCL/UCLH Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, UCL Centre for Perioperative Medicine, Research Department for Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Villeneuve PJ. Interventions to avoid pulmonary complications after lung cancer resection. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S3781-S3788. [PMID: 30505565 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.09.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection of lung cancer is the preferred treatment for early-stage disease in medically fit patients. The rates of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) such as pneumonia, empyema and atelectasis are as high as 10% in contemporary series. A review of the literature was performed to identify the best evidence supporting interventions to identify, prevent and treat PPCs. The use of patient risk scores, appropriate choice of antibiotic prophylaxis, intraoperative ventilatory strategies, chest physiotherapy, sputum management and non-invasive ventilatory support were specifically discussed, as was the relevant supporting data. Recommendations to guide best practice and inform future research questions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick James Villeneuve
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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[More than expectorant: new scientific data on ambroxol in the context of the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases]. MMW Fortschr Med 2017. [PMID: 28643291 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-017-9805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambroxol has been established for decades in the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. In 2015, the European Medicines Agency reassessed the clinical benefit-risk ratio of the drug. OBJECTIVE What new scientific data on ambroxol, which are relevant to the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases, are available? METHOD The review is based on a systematic literature research in medline with the search term "ambroxol" during the publication period 2006-2015. Non-relevant publications were excluded manually. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Ambroxol is still intensively researched. The traditional indication as an expectorant is confirmed. But there is also an ever better understanding of the various mechanisms of action as well as the ever more exact modeling of the structures under investigation. New fields of application are conceivable, e. g. in patients with severe pulmonary disease who undergo surgery or who are in intensive care, as an adjuvant in anti-infective therapies, especially in infections with biofilm-producing pathogens, or in rare diseases such as lysosomal storage diseases. However, final evidence of the clinical relevance in these fields of application is still missing.
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Baranwal AK, Murthy AS, Singhi SC. High-dose Oral Ambroxol for Early Treatment of Pulmonary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: an Exploratory, Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial. J Trop Pediatr 2015; 61:339-50. [PMID: 26130623 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy of high-dose oral ambroxol in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with respect to ventilator-free days (VFD). DESIGN Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded pilot trial. PATIENTS Sixty-six mechanically ventilated patients (1 month to 12 years) with ARDS who were hand-ventilated for <24 hr before pediatric intensive care unit admission. INTERVENTIONS Patients randomized to oral ambroxol (40 mg/kg/day, in four divided doses) (n = 32) or placebo (n = 34) until 10 days, extubation or death whichever is earlier. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Majority (91%) had pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Two study groups were similar in baseline characteristics. Mean partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen and oxygenation index were >175 and <10, respectively, with no difference in the two study groups. VFD were similar in the two study groups. Overall mortality was 26%. No adverse events were noted with ambroxol. CONCLUSIONS Among ventilated pulmonary ARDS patients with oxygenation index of <10, mortality was 26%. Ambroxol did not improve VFD. Study with higher and more frequently administered doses of ambroxol in larger sample is suggested after having generated relevant pharmacokinetic data among critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Baranwal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna-801507, India
| | - Aparna S Murthy
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Sunit C Singhi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
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Ruggeri M, Manca A, Coretti S, Codella P, Iacopino V, Romano F, Mascia D, Orlando V, Cicchetti A. Investigating the Generalizability of Economic Evaluations Conducted in Italy: A Critical Review. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2015; 18:709-720. [PMID: 26297100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.03.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the methodological quality of Italian health economic evaluations and their generalizability or transferability to different settings. METHODS A literature search was performed on the PubMed search engine to identify trial-based, nonexperimental prospective studies or model-based full economic evaluations carried out in Italy from 1995 to 2013. The studies were randomly assigned to four reviewers who applied a detailed checklist to assess the generalizability and quality of reporting. The review process followed a three-step blinded procedure. The reviewers who carried out the data extraction were blind as to the name of the author(s) of each study. Second, after the first review, articles were reassigned through a second blind randomization to a second reviewer. Finally, any disagreement between the first two reviewers was solved by a senior researcher. RESULTS One hundred fifty-one economic evaluations eventually met the inclusion criteria. Over time, we observed an increasing transparency in methods and a greater generalizability of results, along with a wider and more representative sample in trials and a larger adoption of transition-Markov models. However, often context-specific economic evaluations are carried out and not enough effort is made to ensure the transferability of their results to other contexts. In recent studies, cost-effectiveness analyses and the use of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were preferred. CONCLUSIONS Despite a quite positive temporal trend, generalizability of results still appears as an unsolved question, even if some indication of improvement within Italian studies has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ruggeri
- Director of Post-Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Manca
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Silvia Coretti
- Director of Post-Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Codella
- Director of Post-Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Iacopino
- Director of Post-Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Director of Post-Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Mascia
- Director of Post-Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Inter-departmental Research Centre of PharmacoEconomics and Drug utilization (CIRFF), Center of Pharmacoeconomics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Americo Cicchetti
- Director of Post-Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Wang S, Huang D, Ma Q, Chen X. Does ambroxol confer a protective effect on the lungs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or having lung resection? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 18:830-4. [PMID: 24623642 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A best evidence topic in perioperative care was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was 'Does ambroxol confer a protective effect on the lung in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or having lung resection?' A total of 247 papers were found using the reported search, of which 7 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers were tabulated. Several studies indicate that for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who undergo cardiac surgery or upper abdominal surgery, perioperative ambroxol administration is associated with improved pulmonary function and reduced postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). In patients with pulmonary lobectomy, large-dose ambroxol treatment (1000 mg/day for 3 days) is correlated with reduced PPCs (6 vs 19%, P = 0.02), decreased postoperative hospital stay (5.6 vs 8.1 days, P = 0.02) and lower postoperative cost (2499 vs 5254 €, P = 0.04) compared with low-dose ambroxol treatment. Ambroxol also has a protective effect on the lungs during extracorporeal bypass, ameliorating inflammatory reaction and oxygen stress and preserving pulmonary surfactant. However, there is no evidence for any advantage of reducing PPCs after extracorporeal circulation. We conclude that perioperative application of ambroxol, a versatile mucoactive drug, particularly in high doses, is associated with lower PPCs, especially in high-risk patients with fundamental lung disease such as COPD. Large doses of ambroxol are correlated with even lower PPCs after lung resection. We recommend that routine intravenous ambroxol should be used in large doses in high-risk patients in the perioperative period to reduce the risk of PPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dayu Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Cataldi M, Sblendorio V, Leo A, Piazza O. Biofilm-dependent airway infections: a role for ambroxol? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 28:98-108. [PMID: 24252805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are a key factor in the development of both acute and chronic airway infections. Their relevance is well established in ventilator associated pneumonia, one of the most severe complications in critically ill patients, and in cystic fibrosis, the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasians. Accumulating evidence suggests that biofilms could have also a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their involvement in bronchiectasis has been proposed as well. When they grow in biofilms, microorganisms become multidrug-resistant. Therefore the treatment of biofilm-dependent airway infections is problematic. Indeed, it still largely based on measures aiming to prevent the formation of biofilms or remove them once that they are formed. Here we review recent evidence suggesting that the mucokinetic drug ambroxol has specific anti-biofilm properties. We also discuss how additional pharmacological properties of this drug could be beneficial in biofilm-dependent airway infections. Specifically, we review the evidence showing that: 1-ambroxol exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting at multiple levels the activity of neutrophils, and 2-it improves mucociliary clearance by interfering with the activity of airway epithelium ion channels and transporters including sodium/bicarbonate and sodium/potassium/chloride cotransporters, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and aquaporins. As a whole, the data that we review here suggest that ambroxol could be helpful in biofilm-dependent airway infections. However, considering the limited clinical evidence available up to date, further clinical studies are required to support the use of ambroxol in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cataldi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - V Sblendorio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Leo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, University Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - O Piazza
- University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
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Huang J, Xu J, Tian L, Zhong L. A thioredoxin reductase and/or thioredoxin system-based mechanism for antioxidant effects of ambroxol. Biochimie 2013; 97:92-103. [PMID: 24103200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term treatment with ambroxol (ABX), a bronchial expectorant, was found to prevent acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The underlying mechanism remains unclear. To address this, we have investigated the effect of ABX on critical antioxidant proteins thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) that are decreased in patients with AECOPD. Trx, TrxR and NADP(H) form Trx system, which is involved in regulating numerous oxidative stress-related events. In human bronchial epithelial cells, treatment with ABX from 0 to 200 μM gradually increased mRNA and protein levels of TrxR/Trx. At these ABX concentrations, TrxR activity was elevated progressively, whereas Trx activity exhibited a dose-dependent biphasic response, increasing at 50 and 75 μM, but decreasing at ABX over 150 μM. Pre-treatment with 75 μM ABX enhanced the capacity of the cells to eliminate reactive oxygen species, which was largely prevented by knockdown of cytosolic Trx (hTrx1). In a purified system, ABX shortened the initial lag phase during the reduction of insulin disulfide by Trx system. Pre-treatment of NADPH-reduced TrxR with ABX caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in thiolate/selenolate species, i.e. the catalytically active form of TrxR. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that the reduction of H2O2 by TrxR or Trx system were enhanced by 100 or 200 μM ABX. When hTrx1 was mixed with ABX in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:100 (which could occur in human plasma), changes in intrinsic Trp fluorescence occurred, and the response of reduced hTrx1 was especially remarkable. These data reveal an ABX-sensing mechanism of TrxR/Trx. We therefore conclude that the antioxidant actions of ABX at physiological concentrations are, at least partially, mediated by TrxR and/or Trx system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, YuQuan Road 19(A), 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Longcheng Street 99, 030032 Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Tian
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China.
| | - Liangwei Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, YuQuan Road 19(A), 100049 Beijing, China.
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Li Q, Yao G, Zhu X. High-dose Ambroxol Reduces Pulmonary Complications in Patients with Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury After Surgery. Neurocrit Care 2011; 16:267-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12028-011-9642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Predictive Factors of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Scoliotic Patients With Moderate or Severe Pulmonary Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 23:388-92. [DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0b013e3181b55ff4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Patients undergoing thoracic surgery are threatened by pulmonary complications such as pneumonia and atelectasis. Age, preoperative FEV(1), operative time and extent of resection are predictors for adverse outcome. Reported morbidity after lung resection is as high as 42% and mortality up to 7%. Fast track in thoracic surgery aims at reducing morbidity and mortality rates after lung resection by introducing specific measures into the pre-, intra- and postoperative periods. Basic fast track elements in thoracic surgery are smoking cessation, preoperative physiotherapy, micronutrient supplementation, high thoracic epidural anesthesia, fluid restriction, early mobilization and enteral feeding. The effectiveness of these individual measures has been proven of value in perioperative care, however, evidence on multimodal therapy regimens in thoracic surgery is limited. In particular it remains to be elucidated which patients should be fast tracked in order to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mühling
- Klinik für Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie, Universität Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 9, Ulm, Germany.
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