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Hoeve CE, Huiberts AJ, de Gier B, Andeweg SP, den Hartog G, de Melker HE, Hahne SJM, van de Wijgert JHHM, van den Hof S, Knol MJ. COVID-19 vaccination-induced antibody responses and waning by age and comorbidity status in a large population-based prospective cohort study. Vaccine 2024; 42:126121. [PMID: 38997851 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the magnitude and duration of antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination in different groups may be useful for prioritizing of additional vaccinations. METHODS Serum samples were collected every six months in a prospective cohort study among adults in the Netherlands. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of antibodies against the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were calculated after the primary series, first, and second booster vaccinations. Effects of age (18-59 vs 60-85 years) and medical risk conditions on GMC 2-6 weeks and 21-25 weeks after each vaccination, and on waning during 3-25 weeks after each vaccination, were estimated by linear regression. RESULTS We included 20,640, 15,229 and 8,392 samples collected after primary, first and second booster vaccination, respectively. GMCs at 2-6 and 21-25 weeks after primary series were lower in participants with older age or medical risk conditions. After the first booster, older age was associated with lower GMC at 2-6 weeks and at 21-25 weeks. Waning after the first and second boosters (only 60-85) was not associated with age or medical risk conditions. CONCLUSIONS Since antibody differences by age and medical risk groups have become small with increasing number of doses, other factors such as COVID-19 disease severity rather than antibody levels are useful for prioritization of additional vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Hoeve
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands.
| | - A J Huiberts
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands
| | - B de Gier
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands
| | - S P Andeweg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands
| | - G den Hartog
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands
| | - H E de Melker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands
| | - S J M Hahne
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands
| | | | - S van den Hof
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands
| | - M J Knol
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands
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Corral-Gudino L, Del-Amo-Merino MP, Abadía-Otero J, Merino-Velasco I, Lorenzo-Fernández Y, García-Cruces-Méndez J, Eiros-Bouza JM, Domínguez-Gil González M. Impact of age on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers : Influence of nonoccupational risk factors. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:439-448. [PMID: 38587544 PMCID: PMC11327202 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-024-02346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) infection was highest among older adults early in the COVID-19 pandemic; however, this pattern was later reversed with young adults showing the highest incidence. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors in healthcare workers (HCWs) associated with this evolution. METHODS We conducted a survey nested within a prospective cohort study of 680 HCWs from a tertiary referral public hospital who received 2 doses of SARS-CoV‑2 vaccine in January and February 2021 (VACCICO-VAO cohort). In October 2022 all participants were invited to participate in a survey. Risk factors were tested for association with COVID-19 ever, the number of COVID-19 episodes, and the time to the first episode. RESULTS Among 350 respondents (51% response rate, 90% female, mean age 48.1 years), 323 COVID-19 episodes were diagnosed during the study period. Multivariable analysis revealed that age < 35 years vs. > 50 years (odds ratio, OR 2.12, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.27-3.51; P = 0.004) and not maintaining social distance at social events (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.16-3.19; P = 0.011) were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19. Age < 35 years (hazard ratio, HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.14-2.54; P = 0.010), and not maintaining social distance (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05-1.72; P = 0.020) were also associated with the time to the first episode. CONCLUSIONS The youngest HCWs had the highest incidence rate of COVID-19, which was not explained by occupational risk factors or health conditions. The increase in nonoccupational exposure since the end of the lockdowns in summer 2020 could by a key factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Corral-Gudino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology. Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid. School of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - María Piedad Del-Amo-Merino
- Occupational Risk Prevention Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jésica Abadía-Otero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Merino-Velasco
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega Universidad de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Lorenzo-Fernández
- Occupational Risk Prevention Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Cruces-Méndez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Eiros-Bouza
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid. School of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-Gil González
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega Universidad de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
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Gozlan J, Baron A, Boyd A, Salmona M, Fofana D, Minier M, Gabassi A, Morand-Joubert L, Delaugerre C, Maylin S. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Responses in Various Populations: Use of a Rapid Surrogate Lateral Flow Assay and Correlations with Anti-RBD Antibody Levels. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:791. [PMID: 39063546 PMCID: PMC11277712 DOI: 10.3390/life14070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the global COVID-19 crisis, understanding post-infectious immunity and vaccine efficacy remains crucial. This study aims to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity through a quantitative analysis of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies and rapid functional testing of the neutralizing humoral response. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on samples from various cohorts, including partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated, post-COVID/no-vaccination, and post-COVID/vaccination individuals with various immune-competency statuses. The anti-RBD antibodies were measured using an automated chemiluminescence assay, while the neutralizing antibodies' (NAbs') activity was assessed through the lateral flow ichroma COVID-19 nAb test (LFT), a surrogate neutralization assay. RESULTS The analysis revealed various levels of anti-RBD antibodies and seroneutralization responses across cohorts, with the post-COVID/vaccination group demonstrating the most robust protection. A correlation between anti-RBD antibodies and seroneutralization was observed, albeit with varying strength depending on the subgroup analyzed. Longitudinal assessment following natural infection showed an initial surge followed by a decline in both measures. A cutoff of 3.0 log10 BAU/mL was established to predict significant seroneutralization. CONCLUSIONS The ichroma™ COVID-19 nAb test displayed high specificity and emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity. These findings contribute to understand the antibody response dynamics and underscore the potential of rapid tests in predicting protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Gozlan
- AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.F.); (L.M.-J.)
- Reseach’s Department of Saint-Antoine, “Cancer Biology and Therapeutics”, University of Sorbonne, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Baron
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Anders Boyd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Maud Salmona
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
- INSERM U976, University of Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Djeneba Fofana
- AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.F.); (L.M.-J.)
| | - Marine Minier
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Audrey Gabassi
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Laurence Morand-Joubert
- AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.F.); (L.M.-J.)
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis of Epidémiology and Public Health, University of Sorbonne, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Constance Delaugerre
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
- INSERM U944, Biology of Emerging Viruses, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Maylin
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
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Nicolai E, Tomassetti F, Pelagalli M, Sarubbi S, Minieri M, Nisini A, Nuccetelli M, Ciotti M, Pieri M, Bernardini S. The Antibodies' Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: 1-Year Follow Up. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2661. [PMID: 37893035 PMCID: PMC10604657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of vaccines has allowed the containment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a global level. The present work aims to add data on vaccination by evaluating the level of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have received a three-vaccination series. For this purpose, we ran a surveillance program directed at measuring the level of IgG Abs against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and surrogate virus neutralizing Ab (sVNT) anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the serum of individuals undergoing vaccination. This study was performed on employees from the University of Rome Tor Vergata and healthcare workers from the University Hospital who received the Vaxzevria vaccine (n = 56) and Comirnaty vaccine (n = 113), respectively. After the second dose, an increase in both RBD and sVNT Ab values was registered. In individuals who received the Comirnaty vaccine, the antibody titer was about one order of magnitude higher after 6 months from the first dose. All participants in this study received the Comirnaty vaccine as the third dose, which boosted the antibody response. Five months after the third dose, nearly one year from the first injection, the antibody level was >1000 BAU/mL (binding antibody units/mL). According to the values reported in the literature conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, our data indicate that individuals undergoing three vaccine doses present a low risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Martina Pelagalli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Serena Sarubbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Nisini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virology Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Lippi G, Henry BM. Clinical pearls and pitfalls of SARS-CoV-2 serology. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 111:24-26. [PMID: 36948978 PMCID: PMC10028397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Corral-Gudino L, Del-Amo-Merino MP, Eiros-Bouza JM, García-Cruces-Méndez JF, Domínguez-Gil González M. The Omicron wave and the waning of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness. Influence of vaccine booster and age on confirmed infection incidence. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 102:122-124. [PMID: 35641361 PMCID: PMC9132883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Corral-Gudino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, España.
| | - María Piedad Del-Amo-Merino
- Occupational Risk Prevention Service, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, España.
| | - José María Eiros-Bouza
- Deparment of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, España.
| | - Jesús Fernando García-Cruces-Méndez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, España.
| | - Marta Domínguez-Gil González
- Deparment of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, España.
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Decru B, Van Elslande J, Steels S, Van Pottelbergh G, Godderis L, Van Holm B, Bossuyt X, Van Weyenbergh J, Maes P, Vermeersch P. IgG Anti-Spike Antibodies and Surrogate Neutralizing Antibody Levels Decline Faster 3 to 10 Months After BNT162b2 Vaccination Than After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909910. [PMID: 35784321 PMCID: PMC9241488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IgG anti-spike (S) antibodies arise after SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as vaccination. Levels of IgG anti-S are linked to neutralizing antibody titers and protection against (re)infection. Methods We measured IgG anti-S and surrogate neutralizing antibody kinetics against Wild Type (WT) and 4 Variants of Concern (VOC) in health care workers (HCW) 3 and 10 months after natural infection ("infection", n=83) or vaccination (2 doses of BNT162b2) with ("hybrid immunity", n=17) or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection ("vaccination", n=97). Results The humoral immune response in the "vaccination" cohort was higher at 3 months, but lower at 10 months, compared to the "infection" cohort due to a faster decline. The "hybrid immunity" cohort had the highest antibody levels at 3 and 10 months with a slower decline compared to the "vaccination" cohort. Surrogate neutralizing antibody levels (expressed as %inhibition of ACE-2 binding) showed a linear relation with log10 of IgG anti-S against WT and four VOC. IgG anti-S corresponding to 90% inhibition ranged from 489 BAU/mL for WT to 1756 BAU/mL for Beta variant. Broad pseudoneutralization predicted live virus neutralization of Omicron BA.1 in 20 randomly selected high titer samples. Conclusions Hybrid immunity resulted in the strongest humoral immune response. Antibodies induced by natural infection decreased more slowly than after vaccination, resulting in higher antibody levels at 10 months compared to vaccinated HCW without prior infection. There was a linear relationship between surrogate neutralizing activity and log10 IgG anti-S for WT and 4 VOC, although some VOC showed reduced sensitivity to pseudoneutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Decru
- University Hospitals Leuven, Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Elslande
- University Hospitals Leuven, Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Steels
- University Hospitals Leuven, Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gijs Van Pottelbergh
- Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Group IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bram Van Holm
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- University Hospitals Leuven, Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- University Hospitals Leuven, Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,*Correspondence: Pieter Vermeersch,
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