Click chemistry: Studies on the synthesis of novel fluorous tagged triazol-4-yl substituted quinazoline derivatives and their biological evaluation – Theoretical and experimental validation

Towards Anticancer and Antibacterial Agents: Design and Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazol-quinobenzothiazine Derivatives

In this paper, we describe a new method for synthesizing hybrid combinations of 1,2,3-triazoles with a tetracyclic quinobenzothiazinium system. The developed approach allowed for the production of a series of new azaphenothiazine derivatives with the 1,2,3-triazole system in different positions of the benzene ring. In practice, the methodology consists of the reaction of triazole aniline derivatives with thioquinanthrenediinium bis-chloride. The structure of the products was determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and HR-MS spectrometry, respectively. Moreover, the spatial structure of the molecule and the arrangement of molecules in the crystal (unit cell) were determined by X-ray crystallography. The anticancer activity profiles of the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against human cancer cells of the A549, SNB-19, and T47D lines and the normal NHDF cell line. Additional tests of antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and two mycobacterial strains were also performed. In fact, the dependence of anticancer and antibacterial activity on the substituent type and its position in the quinobenzothiazinium system was observed. Furthermore, the distance-guided property evaluation was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) on the pool of the calculated descriptors. Finally, the theoretically approximated partition coefficients (clogP) were (inter-)correlated with each other and cross-compared with the empirically specified logPTLC parameters.

Fluorinated triazoles as privileged potential candidates in drug development—focusing on their biological and pharmaceutical properties

Fluorinated heterocycles have attracted extensive attention not only in organic synthesis but also in pharmaceutical and medicinal sciences due to their enhanced biological activities than their non-fluorinated counterparts. Triazole is a simple five-membered heterocycle with three nitrogen atoms found in both natural and synthetic molecules that impart a broad spectrum of biological properties including but not limited to anticancer, antiproliferative, inhibitory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiallergic, and antioxidant properties. In addition, incorporation of fluorine into triazole and its derivatives has been reported to enhance their pharmacological activity, making them promising drug candidates. This mini-review explores the current developments of backbone-fluorinated triazoles and functionalized fluorinated triazoles with established biological activities and pharmacological properties.

A correlation study of biological activity and molecular docking of Asp and Glu linked bis-hydrazones of quinazolinones

The present investigation involves the synthesis and spectroscopic and biological activity studies of the bis-hydrazones of quinazolinones derived from aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were evaluated using DPPH, DMPD and ABTS radical scavenging assays whose results revealed that the IC50 of compounds 6, 7, 11, 12, 20, 21, 25 and 26 was lower than those of the standard references. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated with a haemolysis assay using a human blood erythrocytes suspension and the results demonstrated that compounds 8, 9, 13, 14, 22, 23, 27 and 28 were excellent anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, the antibacterial and antifungal activities against various clinical pathogens of human origin revealed that compounds 7, 9, 12, 14, 21, 23, 26 and 28 possessed potent antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, to understand the correlation between biological activity and drug-receptor interaction, molecular docking was performed on the active sites of tyrosine kinase (PDB ID: 2HCK), cyclooxygenase-2 (PDB ID: 1CX2) and glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase (PDB ID: 2VF5) which showed good binding profiles with the targets that can potentially hold the title compounds. The correlation study revealed that compounds containing EDGs (-OH, -OCH3) were excellent antioxidants, compounds with EWGs (-Cl, -NO2) exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity and compounds bearing -OH and -NO2 groups were very good antimicrobials.

Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of N4-benzylamine-N2-isopropyl-quinazoline-2,4-diamines derivatives as potential antibacterial agents

This paper investigated the SAR of the N⁴-benzylamine-N²-isopropyl-quinazoline-2,4-diamines derivatives with heterocyclic scaffold which showed good activities against S. aureus, E. coli, MRSA, S. epidermidis and S. typhimurium.

Medicinal applications of perfluoroalkylated chain-containing compounds

Compounds with polyfluorinated molecular fragments possess unique properties associated with the presence of a large number of fluorine atoms that affect lipophilicity and conformational rigidity of the parent molecule along with other effects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of synthesized compounds possessing perfluoroalkylated or polyfluorinated chains that have been tested for bioactivity or as potential drug candidates for the treatment of various diseases. As far as the length of the perfluoroalkylated chain is concerned the focus is centered on the compound bearing perfluoroethyl or tetrafluoroethyl as well as longer chains. The perfluoroalkylated compounds discussed are classified according to their biological activity.

2,4-Bis(4-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines: synthesis and tuning of optical properties by polar substituents

Novel D–π–A–π–D type chromophores – 2,4-bis(4-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines were prepared and their photophysical, electrochemical properties in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations were investigated.

Molybdate sulfuric acid (MSA): an efficient reusable catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-1(2H)-ones under solvent-free conditions and evaluation of their in vitro bioassay

The attractive features of this methodology are green and easy workability with high product yields. All the title compounds have good to excellent anti-oxidant and anticancer activity.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazoles coupled diaryl sulfone moieties by the CuAAC reaction, and biological evaluation of them as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents

A series of 1,2,3-triazoles coupled diaryl sulfone containing compounds were synthesized by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in benign solvents under ultrasound irradiation. In situ formation of azides from α-bromoketones together with the CuAAC reaction in one pot allowed safe handling and good availability of azides for the development of a small library of compounds. The sonication reduced reaction time and increased yields compared to otherwise same conditions. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Compounds 3b, 6b and 9e-9g were found to be the most potent antifungal agents with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 25 μg/mL; moreover other compounds revealed good to moderate antimicrobial activity. Compound 8e showed an excellent antioxidant activity using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay.

Synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-quinazoline nucleoside and acyclonucleoside analogues

In this study, we describe the synthesis of 1,4-disustituted-1,2,3-triazolo-quinazoline ribonucleosides or acyclonucleosides by means of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between various O or N-alkylated propargyl-quinazoline and 1'-azido-2',3',5'-tri-O-benzoylribose or activated alkylating agents under microwave conditions. None of the compounds selected showed significant anti-HCV activity in vitro.

Design, synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic evaluation of novel acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogues with a 5,6-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine-4,7-dione system

ABSTRACT

A series of diethyl 2-(4,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)alkylphosphonates was synthesised from ω-azidoalkylphosphonates and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and was further transformed into the respective diamides, dihydrazides, and 5,6-dihydro-1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine-4,7-diones as phosphonate analogues of acyclic nucleosides having nucleobases replaced with substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. All compounds containing P-C-C-triazole or P-C-C-CH2-triazole moieties exist in single conformations in which the diethoxyphosphoryl and substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl or substituted (1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl groups are oriented anti. All phosphonates were evaluated in vitro for activity against a variety of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds were endowed with antiviral activity. They were not cytostatic at 100 μM.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel alkyl amide functionalized trifluoromethyl substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as potential anticancer agents

A series of novel alkyl amide functionalized trifluoromethyl substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives 5, 6 and 7 were prepared starting from 6-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine 3 via selective N-alkylation, followed by reaction with different primary aliphatic amines, cyclic secondary amines or l-amino acids under different set of conditions. All the synthesized compounds 5, 6 and 7 were screened for anticancer activity against four cancer cell lines such as A549-Lung cancer (CCL-185), MCF7-Breast cancer (HTB-22), DU145-Prostate cancer (HTB-81) and HeLa-Cervical cancer (CCL-2). The compounds 5i and 6e are found to have promising bioactivity at micro molar concentration.

Synthesis of novel 2-alkyl triazole-3-alkyl substituted quinoline derivatives and their cytotoxic activity

The propargyl alcohol on reaction with alkylazides under Sharpless conditions through click chemistry concept gave exclusively 1,4-disubstituted triazoles 2. The compounds 2 were oxidized to aldehydes 3 followed by reaction with aniline resulted Schiff's bases 4. The compounds 4 was further reacted with various aldehydes having α-hydrogen using molecular iodine as a catalyst and obtained 2-alkyl triazole-3-alkyl substituted quinoline derivatives 5. All the final compounds were screened against four human cancer cell lines (THP-1, Colo205, U937 & HeLa) and promising compounds have been identified.

4-{4-[(4-Oxoquinazolin-3-yl)meth-yl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}butyl acetate

In the heterocyclic title compound, C₁₇H₁₉N₅O₃, the quinazolinone ring system forms a dihedral angle of 67.22 (7)° with the triazole ring. The butyl acetate group has a non-linear conformation, with an alternation of synclinal and anti­periplanar torsion angles [N—C—C—C = 58.5 (2)°, C—C—C—C = 170.72 (19)° and C—C—C—O = −65.9 (3)°]. The crystal structure features inter­molecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O non-classical hydrogen bonds, building an infinite one-dimensional network along the [100] direction.