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Aherrahrou R, Baig F, Theofilatos K, Lue D, Beele A, Örd T, Kaikkonen MU, Aherrahrou Z, Cheng Q, Ghosh S, Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Finn A, Owens GK, Joner M, Mayr M, Civelek M. Secreted Protein Profiling of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Identifies Vascular Disease Associations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024. [PMID: 38328934 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which make up the medial layer of arteries, are key cell types involved in cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In response to microenvironment alterations, SMCs dedifferentiate from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype characterized by an increased proliferation, migration, production of ECM (extracellular matrix) components, and decreased expression of SMC-specific contractile markers. These phenotypic changes result in vascular remodeling and contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, and aortic aneurysms. Here, we aim to identify the genetic variants that regulate ECM secretion in SMCs and predict the causal proteins associated with vascular disease-related loci identified in genome-wide association studies. METHODS Using human aortic SMCs from 123 multiancestry healthy heart transplant donors, we collected the serum-free media in which the cells were cultured for 24 hours and conducted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of the conditioned media. RESULTS We measured the abundance of 270 ECM and related proteins. Next, we performed protein quantitative trait locus mapping and identified 20 loci associated with secreted protein abundance in SMCs. We functionally annotated these loci using a colocalization approach. This approach prioritized the genetic variant rs6739323-A at the 2p22.3 locus, which is associated with lower expression of LTBP1 (latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1) in SMCs and atherosclerosis-prone areas of the aorta, and increased risk for SMC calcification. We found that LTBP1 expression is abundant in SMCs, and its expression at mRNA and protein levels was reduced in unstable and advanced atherosclerotic plaque lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our results unravel the SMC proteome signature associated with vascular disorders, which may help identify potential therapeutic targets to accelerate the pathway to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rédouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.A., D.L., M.C.)
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland (R.A., T.O., M.U.K.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Germany (R.A., Z.A.)
| | - Ferheen Baig
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (F.B., K.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (F.B., K.T.)
| | - Dillon Lue
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.A., D.L., M.C.)
| | - Alicia Beele
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD (A.B., Q.C., S.G., A.F.)
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland (R.A., T.O., M.U.K.)
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland (R.A., T.O., M.U.K.)
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Germany (R.A., Z.A.)
| | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD (A.B., Q.C., S.G., A.F.)
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD (A.B., Q.C., S.G., A.F.)
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (S.K., V.K., M.J.)
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (S.K., V.K., M.J.)
| | - Aloke Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD (A.B., Q.C., S.G., A.F.)
| | - Gary K Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (G.K.O.)
| | - Michael Joner
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany (M.J.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (S.K., V.K., M.J.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (M.M.)
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.A., D.L., M.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (M.C.)
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Shankman LS, Owens GK. Treatment of advanced atherosclerotic mice with ABT-263 reduced indices of plaque stability and increased mortality. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e173863. [PMID: 38258907 PMCID: PMC10906456 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of senolytic agents to remove senescent cells from atherosclerotic lesions is controversial. A common limitation of previous studies is the failure to rigorously define the effects of senolytic agent ABT-263 (Navitoclax) on smooth muscle cells (SMC) despite studies claiming that these cells are the major source of senescent cells. Moreover, there are no studies on the effect of ABT-263 on endothelial cells (EC), which - along with SMC - comprise 90% of α-smooth muscle actin+ (α-SMA+) myofibroblast-like cells in the protective fibrous cap. Here we tested the hypothesis that treatment of advanced atherosclerotic mice with ABT-263 will reduce lesion size and increase plaque stability. SMC (Myh11-CreERT2-eYFP) and EC (Cdh5-CreERT2-eYFP) lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a western diet (WD) for 18 weeks, followed by ABT-263 at 100 mg/kg/bw for 6 weeks or 50 mg/kg/bw for 9 weeks. ABT-263 treatment did not change lesion size or lumen area of the brachiocephalic artery (BCA). However, ABT-263 treatment reduced SMC by 90% and increased EC contributions to lesions via EC-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) by 60%. ABT-263 treatment also reduced α-SMA+ fibrous cap thickness by 60% and was associated with a > 50% mortality rate. Taken together, ABT-263 treatment of WD-fed Apoe-/- mice with advanced lesions resulted in multiple detrimental changes, including reduced indices of stability and increased mortality.
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Aherrahrou R, Baig F, Theofilatos K, Lue D, Beele A, Örd T, Kaikkonen MU, Aherrahrou Z, Cheng Q, Ghosh S, Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Finn A, Owens GK, Joner M, Mayr M, Civelek M. Secreted protein profiling of human aortic smooth muscle cells identifies vascular disease associations. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.10.23298351. [PMID: 37986932 PMCID: PMC10659471 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.23298351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which make up the medial layer of arteries, are key cell types involved in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In response to microenvironment alterations, SMCs dedifferentiate from a "contractile" to a "synthetic" phenotype characterized by an increased proliferation, migration, production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and decreased expression of SMC-specific contractile markers. These phenotypic changes result in vascular remodeling and contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, and aortic aneurysms. Here, we aim to identify the genetic variants that regulate ECM secretion in SMCs and predict the causal proteins associated with vascular disease-related loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Methods Using human aortic SMCs from 123 multi-ancestry healthy heart transplant donors, we collected the serum-free media in which the cells were cultured for 24 hours and conducted Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis of the conditioned media. Results We measured the abundance of 270 ECM and related proteins. Next, we performed protein quantitative trait locus mapping (pQTL) and identified 20 loci associated with secreted protein abundance in SMCs. We functionally annotated these loci using a colocalization approach. This approach prioritized the genetic variant rs6739323-A at the 2p22.3 locus, which is associated with lower expression of LTBP1 in SMCs and atherosclerosis-prone areas of the aorta, and increased risk for SMC calcification. We found that LTBP1 expression is abundant in SMCs, and its expression at mRNA and protein levels was reduced in unstable and advanced atherosclerotic plaque lesions. Conclusions Our results unravel the SMC proteome signature associated with vascular disorders, which may help identify potential therapeutic targets to accelerate the pathway to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rédouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ferheen Baig
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dillon Lue
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alicia Beele
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Germany
| | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Aloke Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Michael Joner
- Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Deaton R, Shankman LS, Benavente ED, Williams CM, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Bulut GB, Kirmani S, Baylis RA, Zunder ER, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G, Owens GK. IL-1β inhibition partially negates the beneficial effects of diet-induced lipid lowering. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.13.562255. [PMID: 37873280 PMCID: PMC10592822 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Thromboembolic events secondary to rupture or erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions are the leading cause of death in the world. The most common and effective means to reduce these major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, is aggressive lipid lowering via a combination of drugs and dietary modifications. However, little is known regarding the effects of reducing dietary lipids on the composition and stability of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, the mechanisms that regulate these processes, and what therapeutic approaches might augment the benefits of lipid lowering. Methods Smooth muscle cell (SMC)-lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a Western diet (WD) for 18 weeks and then switched to a low-fat chow diet for 12 weeks. We assessed lesion size and remodeling indices, as well as the cellular composition of aortic and brachiocephalic artery (BCA) lesions, indices of plaque stability, overall plaque burden, and phenotypic transitions of SMC, and other lesion cells by SMC-lineage tracing combined with scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and immunostaining plus high resolution confocal microscopic z-stack analysis. In addition, to determine if treatment with a potent inhibitor of inflammation could augment the benefits of chow diet-induced reductions in LDL-cholesterol, SMC-lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a WD for 18 weeks and then chow diet for 12 weeks prior to treating them with an IL-1β or control antibody (Ab) for 8-weeks. Results Lipid-lowering by switching Apoe-/- mice from a WD to a chow diet reduced LDL-cholesterol levels by 70% and resulted in multiple beneficial effects including reduced overall aortic plaque burden as well as reduced intraplaque hemorrhage and necrotic core area. However, contrary to expectations, IL-1β Ab treatment resulted in multiple detrimental changes including increased plaque burden, BCA lesion size, as well as increased cholesterol crystal accumulation, intra-plaque hemorrhage, necrotic core area, and senescence as compared to IgG control Ab treated mice. Furthermore, IL-1β Ab treatment upregulated neutrophil degranulation pathways but down-regulated SMC extracellular matrix pathways likely important for the protective fibrous cap. Conclusions Taken together, IL-1β appears to be required for chow diet-induced reductions in plaque burden and increases in multiple indices of plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Rebecca Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Laura S. Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ernest D. Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Corey M. Williams
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gabriel F. Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gamze B. Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Sara Kirmani
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Eli R. Zunder
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Diez Benavente E, Karnewar S, Buono M, Mili E, Hartman RJ, Kapteijn D, Slenders L, Daniels M, Aherrahrou R, Reinberger T, Mol BM, de Borst GJ, de Kleijn DP, Prange KH, Depuydt MA, de Winther MP, Kuiper J, Björkegren JL, Erdmann J, Civelek M, Mokry M, Owens GK, Pasterkamp G, den Ruijter HM. Female Gene Networks Are Expressed in Myofibroblast-Like Smooth Muscle Cells in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1836-1850. [PMID: 37589136 PMCID: PMC10521798 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women presenting with coronary artery disease more often present with fibrous atherosclerotic plaques, which are currently understudied. Phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to atherosclerosis in women. How these phenotypically modulated SMCs shape female versus male plaques is unknown. METHODS Gene regulatory networks were created using RNAseq gene expression data from human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The networks were prioritized based on sex bias, relevance for smooth muscle biology, and coronary artery disease genetic enrichment. Network expression was linked to histologically determined plaque phenotypes. In addition, their expression in plaque cell types was studied at single-cell resolution using single-cell RNAseq. Finally, their relevance for disease progression was studied in female and male Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 18 and 30 weeks. RESULTS Here, we identify multiple sex-stratified gene regulatory networks from human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Prioritization of the female networks identified 2 main SMC gene regulatory networks in late-stage atherosclerosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing mapped these female networks to 2 SMC phenotypes: a phenotypically modulated myofibroblast-like SMC network and a contractile SMC network. The myofibroblast-like network was mostly expressed in plaques that were vulnerable in women. Finally, the mice ortholog of key driver gene MFGE8 (milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing) showed retained expression in advanced plaques from female mice but was downregulated in male mice during atherosclerosis progression. CONCLUSIONS Female atherosclerosis is characterized by gene regulatory networks that are active in fibrous vulnerable plaques rich in myofibroblast-like SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (S.K., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Michele Buono
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Eloi Mili
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Robin J.G. Hartman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Daniek Kapteijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (R.A.)
| | - Tobias Reinberger
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
| | - Barend M. Mol
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique P.V. de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Koen H.M. Prange
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers — location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Marie A.C. Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., J.K.)
| | - Menno P.J. de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers — location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., J.K.)
| | - Johan L.M. Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.L.M.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (J.L.M.B.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.C.)
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville (M.C.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (S.K., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Shankman LS, Owens GK. Treatment of advanced atherosclerotic mice with the senolytic agent ABT-263 is associated with reduced indices of plaque stability and increased mortality. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.12.548696. [PMID: 37502944 PMCID: PMC10369968 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of senolytic agents to remove senescent cells from atherosclerotic lesions is controversial. A common limitation of previous studies is the failure to rigorously define the effects of senolytic agent ABT-263 (Navitoclax) on smooth muscle cells (SMC) despite studies claiming that they are the major source of senescent cells. Moreover, there are no studies of the effect of ABT-263 on endothelial cells (EC), which along with SMC comprise 90% of α-SMA+ myofibroblast-like cells in the protective fibrous cap. Here we tested the hypothesis that treatment of advanced atherosclerotic mice with the ABT-263 will reduce lesion size and increase plaque stability. SMC (Myh11-CreERT2-eYFP) and EC (Cdh5-CreERT2-eYFP) lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a WD for 18 weeks, followed by ABT-263 100mg/kg/bw for six weeks or 50mg/kg/bw for nine weeks. ABT-263 treatment did not change lesion size or lumen area of the brachiocephalic artery (BCA). However, ABT-263 treatment reduced SMC by 90% and increased EC-contributions to lesions via EC-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) by 60%. ABT-263 treatment also reduced α-SMA+ fibrous cap thickness by 60% and increased mortality by >50%. Contrary to expectations, treatment of WD-fed Apoe-/- mice with the senolytic agent ABT-263 resulted in multiple detrimental changes including reduced indices of stability, and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Laura S Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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Benavente ED, Karnewar S, Buono M, Mili E, Hartman RJG, Kapteijn D, Slenders L, Daniels M, Aherrahrou R, Reinberger T, Mol BM, de Borst GJ, de Kleijn DPV, Prange KHM, Depuydt MAC, de Winther MPJ, Kuiper J, Björkegren JLM, Erdmann J, Civelek M, Mokry M, Owens GK, Pasterkamp G, den Ruijter HM. Female gene networks are expressed in myofibroblast-like smooth muscle cells in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.08.527690. [PMID: 36798294 PMCID: PMC9934638 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Women presenting with coronary artery disease (CAD) more often present with fibrous atherosclerotic plaques, which are currently understudied. Phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to atherosclerosis in women. How these phenotypically modulated SMCs shape female versus male plaques is unknown. Here, we show sex-stratified gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from human carotid atherosclerotic tissue. Prioritization of these networks identified two main SMC GRNs in late-stage atherosclerosis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing mapped these GRNs to two SMC phenotypes: a phenotypically modulated myofibroblast-like SMC network and a contractile SMC network. The myofibroblast-like GRN was mostly expressed in plaques that were vulnerable in females. Finally, mice orthologs of the female myofibroblast-like genes showed retained expression in advanced plaques from female mice but were downregulated in male mice during atherosclerosis progression. Female atherosclerosis is driven by GRNs that promote a fibrous vulnerable plaque rich in myofibroblast-like SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michele Buono
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Eloi Mili
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Robin J. G. Hartman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Daniek Kapteijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | | | - Barend M. Mol
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique P. V. de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Koen H. M. Prange
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University’ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie A. C. Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University’ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University’ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University’ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan L. M. Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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8
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Neeli PK, Sahoo S, Karnewar S, Singuru G, Pulipaka S, Annamaneni S, Kotamraju S. DOT1L regulates MTDH-mediated angiogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer: intermediacy of NF-κB-HIF1α axis. FEBS J 2023; 290:502-520. [PMID: 36017623 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DOT1L, a specific H3K79 methyltransferase, has a tumour-promoting role in various cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the molecular mechanism by which the deregulated DOT1L promotes cancer progression is unclear. Herein, we show that a significantly higher basal level of DOTL1 strongly correlates with MTDH, an oncogene, in clinical TNBC patient cohorts and mediates TNBC progression by enhancing MTDH-induced angiogenesis. In parallel, severe combined immunodeficiency mice-bearing MDA-MB-231 cells with MTDH-Wt or MTDHΔ7 (spliced isoform of MTDH) overexpression constructs showed enhanced blood vessel formations at the tumour site in comparison with control groups. Selective inhibition of DOT1L by EPZ004777, a specific DOT1L inhibitor, or siDOT1L, significantly impaired MTDH-induced proliferation, invasion and angiogenic markers expression in TNBC cells. ChIP assay revealed that Dot1L promotes MTDH-Wt/Δ7 transcription by increasing H3K79me3 levels on its promoter. Dot1L depletion reversed this effect. Mechanistically, DOT1L-induced MTDH caused enhanced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) occupancy on the hypoxia-inducible factor1α (HIF1α) promoter and increased its transcription, leading to elevated levels of proangiogenic mediators in TNBC cells. Moreover, the condition media obtained from MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing either MTDH-Wt or MTDHΔ7 treated with EPZ004777 or Bay-11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor) or FM19G11 (HIF1α inhibitor) significantly inhibited MTDH-induced tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, rat aortic ring sprouting and vessel formations by chick chorioallantoic membrane assay mimicking physiological angiogenic vasculature. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel epigenetic regulation of MTDH by DOTL1, which drives angiogenesis, and that the therapeutic disruption of the DOT1L-MTDH-NF-κB-HIF1α axis may have usefulness in the management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Neeli
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shashikanta Sahoo
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Gajalakshmi Singuru
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sriravali Pulipaka
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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9
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Owens GK. Abstract P3124: Treatment Of Apoe
-/-
Mice With Advanced Atherosclerosis With The Senolytic Agent Abt-263 Caused Increased Mortality And Was Associated With Increased Endo-mt But Reduced Acta2 Cap Thickness And Collagen Content. Circ Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Plaque rupture and erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions resulting in ischemic heart disease or stroke are the leading worldwide cause of death. Multiple studies have shown that senescent cells are present in human atherosclerotic lesions, and recent animal studies have claimed that removing senescent cells from the lesions using senolytic agents has some beneficial effects but also limitations. Although these mouse studies have important implications for using senolytic agents to treat atherosclerosis, due to the lack of lineage tracing models and relying on markers not specific for various lesion cell types, it is difficult to ascertain the mechanisms that underline the beneficial effects shown by previous studies.
Hypothesis:
Treatment of western diet (WD) fed Apoe
-/-
mice with the senolytic agent ABT-263 (Navitoclax) will reduce lesion size and induce changes consistent with increased plaque stability including a thicker collagen-rich ACTA2 fibrous cap.
Methods:
SMC (Myh11-ERT2-Cre-eYFP+) and EC (Cdh5-ERT2-Cre-eYFP+) lineage tracing Apoe
-/-
were fed a WD for 18 weeks, followed by ABT-263 (100MG or 50MG /KG/BW) treatment for six to nine weeks on WD and analyzed for the indices of stability.
Results:
ABT-263 treatment did not result in changes in lesion size, lumen area, or outward remodeling of the brachiocephalic artery (BCA). However, surprisingly, ABT-263 treatment was associated with an 80% reduction in SMC (Myh11-eYFP+) but a 50-60% increase in endothelial cell (EC) contributions to lesions via EC to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) (Chd5-eYFP+). ABT-263 treatment also reduced ACTA2 cap thickness by 50-75% and collagen content by 50%, but increased mortality by 50-60%.
Conclusions:
Taken together, contrary to our hypothesis, the senolytic agent ABT-263 treatment on advanced atherosclerosis showed multiple detrimental effects, including reduced indices of stability, increased Endo-MT, and increased mortality.
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10
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Karnewar S, Pulipaka S, Katta S, Panuganti D, Neeli PK, Thennati R, Jerald MK, Kotamraju S. Mitochondria-targeted esculetin mitigates atherosclerosis in the setting of aging via the modulation of SIRT1-mediated vascular cell senescence and mitochondrial function in Apoe mice. Atherosclerosis 2022; 356:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Newman AAC, Serbulea V, Baylis RA, Shankman LS, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Owsiany K, Deaton RA, Karnewar S, Shamsuzzaman S, Salamon A, Reddy MS, Guo L, Finn A, Virmani R, Cherepanova OA, Owens GK. Multiple cell types contribute to the atherosclerotic lesion fibrous cap by PDGFRβ and bioenergetic mechanisms. Nat Metab 2021; 3:166-181. [PMID: 33619382 PMCID: PMC7905710 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by a thick, extracellular matrix-rich fibrous cap populated by protective ACTA2+ myofibroblast (MF)-like cells, assumed to be almost exclusively derived from smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Herein, we show that in murine and human lesions, 20% to 40% of ACTA2+ fibrous cap cells, respectively, are derived from non-SMC sources, including endothelial cells (ECs) or macrophages that have undergone an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) or a macrophage-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT). In addition, we show that SMC-specific knockout of the Pdgfrb gene, which encodes platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), in Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 18 weeks resulted in brachiocephalic artery lesions nearly devoid of SMCs but with no changes in lesion size, remodelling or indices of stability, including the percentage of ACTA2+ fibrous cap cells. However, prolonged Western diet feeding of SMC Pdgfrb-knockout mice resulted in reduced indices of stability, indicating that EndoMT- and MMT-derived MFs cannot compensate indefinitely for loss of SMC-derived MFs. Using single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing analyses of the brachiocephalic artery region and in vitro models, we provide evidence that SMC-to-MF transitions are induced by PDGF and transforming growth factor-β and dependent on aerobic glycolysis, while EndoMT is induced by interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β. Together, we provide evidence that the ACTA2+ fibrous cap originates from a tapestry of cell types, which transition to an MF-like state through distinct signalling pathways that are either dependent on or associated with extensive metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A C Newman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Laura S Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katherine Owsiany
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anita Salamon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mahima S Reddy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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12
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Bulut GB, Alencar GF, Owsiany KM, Nguyen AT, Karnewar S, Haskins RM, Waller LK, Cherepanova OA, Deaton RA, Shankman LS, Keller SR, Owens GK. KLF4 (Kruppel-Like Factor 4)-Dependent Perivascular Plasticity Contributes to Adipose Tissue inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:284-301. [PMID: 33054397 PMCID: PMC7769966 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cells and pericytes display remarkable plasticity during injury and disease progression. Here, we tested the hypothesis that perivascular cells give rise to Klf4-dependent macrophage-like cells that augment adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and metabolic dysfunction associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Approach and Results: Using Myh11-CreERT2 eYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) mice and flow cytometry of the stromovascular fraction of epididymal AT, we observed a large fraction of smooth muscle cells and pericytes lineage traced eYFP+ cells expressing macrophage markers. Subsequent single-cell RNA sequencing, however, showed that the majority of these cells had no detectable eYFP transcript. Further exploration revealed that intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen in peanut oil, used for generating conditional knockout or reporter mice in thousands of previous studies, resulted in large increase in the autofluorescence and false identification of macrophages within epididymal AT as being eYFP+; and unintended proinflammatory consequences. Using newly generated Myh11-DreERT2tdTomato mice given oral tamoxifen, we virtually eliminated the problem with autofluorescence and identified 8 perivascular cell dominated clusters, half of which were altered upon DIO. Given that perivascular cell KLF4 (kruppel-like factor 4) can have beneficial or detrimental effects, we tested its role in obesity-associated AT inflammation. While smooth muscle cells and pericytes-specific Klf4 knockout (smooth muscle cells and pericytes Klf4Δ/Δ) mice were not protected from DIO, they displayed improved glucose tolerance upon DIO, and showed marked decreases in proinflammatory macrophages and increases in LYVE1+ lymphatic endothelial cells in the epididymal AT. CONCLUSIONS Perivascular cells within the AT microvasculature dynamically respond to DIO and modulate tissue inflammation and metabolism in a KLF4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze B. Bulut
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Gabriel F. Alencar
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | | | - Anh T. Nguyen
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Ryan M. Haskins
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Lillian K. Waller
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Olga A. Cherepanova
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Rebecca A. Deaton
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Laura S. Shankman
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
| | - Susanna R. Keller
- Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia
| | - Gary K. Owens
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
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13
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Alencar GF, Owsiany KM, Karnewar S, Sukhavasi K, Mocci G, Nguyen AT, Williams CM, Shamsuzzaman S, Mokry M, Henderson CA, Haskins R, Baylis RA, Finn AV, McNamara CA, Zunder ER, Venkata V, Pasterkamp G, Björkegren J, Bekiranov S, Owens GK. Stem Cell Pluripotency Genes Klf4 and Oct4 Regulate Complex SMC Phenotypic Changes Critical in Late-Stage Atherosclerotic Lesion Pathogenesis. Circulation 2020; 142:2045-2059. [PMID: 32674599 PMCID: PMC7682794 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Rupture and erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions with a resultant myocardial infarction or stroke are the leading worldwide cause of death. However, we have a limited understanding of the identity, origin, and function of many cells that make up late-stage atherosclerotic lesions, as well as the mechanisms by which they control plaque stability. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing of advanced human carotid endarterectomy samples and compared these with single-cell RNA sequencing from murine microdissected advanced atherosclerotic lesions with smooth muscle cell (SMC) and endothelial lineage tracing to survey all plaque cell types and rigorously determine their origin. We further used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), bulk RNA sequencing, and an innovative dual lineage tracing mouse to understand the mechanism by which SMC phenotypic transitions affect lesion pathogenesis. Results: We provide evidence that SMC-specific Klf4- versus Oct4-knockout showed virtually opposite genomic signatures, and their putative target genes play an important role regulating SMC phenotypic changes. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed remarkable similarity of transcriptomic clusters between mouse and human lesions and extensive plasticity of SMC- and endothelial cell-derived cells including 7 distinct clusters, most negative for traditional markers. In particular, SMC contributed to a Myh11-, Lgals3+ population with a chondrocyte-like gene signature that was markedly reduced with SMC-Klf4 knockout. We observed that SMCs that activate Lgals3 compose up to two thirds of all SMC in lesions. However, initial activation of Lgals3 in these cells does not represent conversion to a terminally differentiated state, but rather represents transition of these cells to a unique stem cell marker gene–positive, extracellular matrix-remodeling, “pioneer” cell phenotype that is the first to invest within lesions and subsequently gives rise to at least 3 other SMC phenotypes within advanced lesions, including Klf4-dependent osteogenic phenotypes likely to contribute to plaque calcification and plaque destabilization. Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide evidence that SMC-derived cells within advanced mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions exhibit far greater phenotypic plasticity than generally believed, with Klf4 regulating transition to multiple phenotypes including Lgals3+ osteogenic cells likely to be detrimental for late-stage atherosclerosis plaque pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Katherine M Owsiany
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - Giuseppe Mocci
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (G.M., V.V., J.B.)
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Corey M Williams
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.M.W., E.R.Z.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy (M.M., G.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology (M.M.), University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher A Henderson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ryan Haskins
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (A.V.F.)
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Eli R Zunder
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.M.W., E.R.Z.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vamsidhar Venkata
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (G.M., V.V., J.B.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy (M.M., G.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Björkegren
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (G.M., V.V., J.B.).,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology (J.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (G.F.A., K.M.O., C.A.H., R.A.B., S.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., K.M.O, S.K., A.N., C.M.W., S.S., C.A.H., R.H., R.A.B., C.A.M., E.R.Z., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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14
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Vaarla K, Karnewar S, Panuganti D, Peddi SR, Vedula RR, Manga V, Kotamraju S. 3‐(2‐(5‐Amino‐3‐aryl‐1
H
‐pyrazol‐1‐yl) thiazol‐4‐yl)‐2
H
‐chromen‐2‐ones as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaiah Vaarla
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology-Warangal, Telangana. India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical BiologyIndian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad Telangana
| | - Devayani Panuganti
- Centre for Chemical BiologyIndian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad Telangana
| | - Saikiran Reddy Peddi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College of ScienceOsmania University, Hyderabad Telangana
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology-Warangal, Telangana. India
| | - Vijjulatha Manga
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College of ScienceOsmania University, Hyderabad Telangana
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical BiologyIndian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad Telangana
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15
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Mallappa S, Neeli PK, Karnewar S, Kotamraju S. Doxorubicin induces prostate cancer drug resistance by upregulation of ABCG4 through GSH depletion and CREB activation: Relevance of statins in chemosensitization. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1118-1133. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreevidya Mallappa
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
| | - Praveen K. Neeli
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
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16
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Gayathri T, Karnewar S, Kotamraju S, Singh SP. High Affinity Neutral Bodipy Fluorophores for Mitochondrial Tracking. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:618-622. [PMID: 30034589 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first high affinity neutral Bodipy fluorophores for selective imaging of mitochondria with notable sensitivity (∼100 nM) and insignificant cytotoxicity even at very high concentration (∼100 μM), when tested against HeLa cells. Further, these fluorophores are chemically robust and require no special conditions for storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thumuganti Gayathri
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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17
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Katta S, Karnewar S, Panuganti D, Jerald MK, Sastry BKS, Kotamraju S. Mitochondria-targeted esculetin inhibits PAI-1 levels by modulating STAT3 activation and miR-19b via SIRT3: Role in acute coronary artery syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:214-225. [PMID: 28213977 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study we explored the microRNAs responsible for the regulation of PAI-1 during LPS-stimulated inflammation in human aortic endothelial cells and subsequently studied the effect of a newly synthesized mitochondria-targeted esculetin (Mito-Esc) that was shown for its anti-atherosclerotic potential, in modulating PAI-1 levels and its targeted miRs during angiotensin-II-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. LPS-stimulated PAI-1 was accompanied with an upregulation of miR-19b and down-regulation of miR-30c. These effects of LPS on PAI-1 were reversed in the presence of both parent esculetin and Mito-Esc. However, the effect of Mito-Esc was more pronounced in the regulation of PAI-1. In addition, LPS-stimulated PAI-1 expression was significantly decreased in cells treated with Anti-miR-19b, thereby suggesting that miR-19b co-expression plays a key role in PAI-1 regulation. The results also show that incubation of cells with Stattic, an inhibitor of STAT-3, inhibited LPS-stimulated PAI-1 expression. Interestingly, knockdown of SIRT3, a mitochondrial biogenetic marker, enhanced PAI-1 levels via modulation of miR-19b and -30c. Mito-Esc treatment significantly inhibited Ang-II-induced PAI-1, possibly via altering miR-19b and 30c in ApoE-/- mice. The association between PAI-1, miR-19b and -30c were further confirmed in plasma and microparticles isolated from patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome of various degrees. Taken together, LPS-induced PAI-1 involves co-expression of miR-19b and down regulation of miR-30c, and Mito-Esc treatment by modulating miR-19b and miR-30c through SIRT3 activation, inhibits PAI-1 levels that, in part, contribute to its anti-atherosclerotic effects. Moreover, there exists a strong positive correlation between miR-19b and PAI-1 in patients suffering from ST-elevated myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujana Katta
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Devayani Panuganti
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - B K S Sastry
- Department of Cardiology, CARE Hospitals and CARE Foundation, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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18
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Vasamsetti SB, Karnewar S, Gopoju R, Gollavilli PN, Narra SR, Kumar JM, Kotamraju S. Resveratrol attenuates monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and associated inflammation via modulation of intracellular GSH homeostasis: Relevance in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:392-405. [PMID: 27156686 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation promotes an inflammatory environment within the arterial vessel wall that causes a mal-adaptive immune response, which contributes to the progression of atheromatous plaque formation. In the current study, we show that resveratrol, a well-known antioxidant, dose-dependently attenuated phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, as measured by cell adhesion, increase in cell size, and scavenger receptor expression in THP-1 monocytes. Also, resveratrol significantly inhibited PMA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine and matrix metalloprotease (MMP-9) production. This inhibitory effect of resveratrol on monocyte differentiation results from its ability to restore intracellular glutathione (GSH) status, as resveratrol in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) failed to affect monocyte differentiation. Furthermore, PMA-induced monocyte differentiation and inflammation was greatly inhibited when cells were co-treated with N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, while the presence of BSO aggravated these processes. These results also show that resveratrol mediated up-regulation of GSH is due to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α activation, as compound C (AMPK inhibitor) treatment drastically depleted intracellular GSH and exacerbated PMA-induced monocyte differentiation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. More importantly, chronic administration of resveratrol efficiently prevented monocyte infiltration and markedly diminished angiotensin (Ang)-II-induced atheromatous plaque formation in apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. We conclude that, intracellular GSH status plays a critical role in regulating monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammation and resveratrol, by restoring GSH levels, inhibits these processes. Taken together, these results suggest that resveratrol can attenuate atherosclerosis, at least, in part, by inhibiting monocyte differentiation and pro-inflammatory cytokines production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Raja Gopoju
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Paradesi Naidu Gollavilli
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Sai Ram Narra
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.
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19
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Karnewar S, Vasamsetti SB, Gopoju R, Kanugula AK, Ganji SK, Prabhakar S, Rangaraj N, Tupperwar N, Kumar JM, Kotamraju S. Mitochondria-targeted esculetin alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by AMPK-mediated nitric oxide and SIRT3 regulation in endothelial cells: potential implications in atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24108. [PMID: 27063143 PMCID: PMC4827087 DOI: 10.1038/srep24108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted compounds are emerging as a new class of drugs that can potentially alter the pathophysiology of those diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role. We have synthesized a novel mitochondria-targeted esculetin (Mito-Esc) with an aim to investigate its effect during oxidative stress-induced endothelial cell death and angiotensin (Ang)-II-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Mito-Esc but not natural esculetin treatment significantly inhibited H2O2- and Ang-II-induced cell death in human aortic endothelial cells by enhancing NO production via AMPK-mediated eNOS phosphorylation. While L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) significantly abrogated Mito-Esc-mediated protective effects, Compound c (inhibitor of AMPK) significantly decreased Mito-Esc-mediated increase in NO production. Notably, Mito-Esc promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing SIRT3 expression through AMPK activation; and restored H2O2-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. siSIRT3 treatment not only completely reversed Mito-Esc-mediated mitochondrial biogenetic marker expressions but also caused endothelial cell death. Furthermore, Mito-Esc administration to ApoE−/− mice greatly alleviated Ang-II-induced atheromatous plaque formation, monocyte infiltration and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. We conclude that Mito-Esc is preferentially taken up by the mitochondria and preserves endothelial cell survival during oxidative stress by modulating NO generation via AMPK. Also, Mito-Esc-induced SIRT3 plays a pivotal role in mediating mitochondrial biogenesis and perhaps contributes to its anti-atherogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, Chennai, India
| | - Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, Chennai, India
| | - Raja Gopoju
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sai Krishna Ganji
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sripadi Prabhakar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nandini Rangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nitin Tupperwar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Training and Development Complex, Chennai, India
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20
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Gollavilli PN, Kanugula AK, Koyyada R, Karnewar S, Neeli PK, Kotamraju S. AMPK inhibits MTDH expression via GSK3β and SIRT1 activation: potential role in triple negative breast cancer cell proliferation. FEBS J 2015; 282:3971-85. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paradesi Naidu Gollavilli
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
| | | | - Rajeswari Koyyada
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
| | - Praveen Kumar Neeli
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology; CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Training and Development Complex; Chennai India
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21
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Vasamsetti SB, Karnewar S, Kanugula AK, Thatipalli AR, Kumar JM, Kotamraju S. Metformin inhibits monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation via AMPK-mediated inhibition of STAT3 activation: potential role in atherosclerosis. Diabetes 2015; 64:2028-41. [PMID: 25552600 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation is a critical event that accentuates atherosclerosis by promoting an inflammatory environment within the vessel wall. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and, subsequently, the effect of metformin in regressing angiotensin II (Ang-II)-mediated atheromatous plaque formation in ApoE(-/-) mice. AMPK activity was dose and time dependently downregulated during phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, which was accompanied by an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine production. Of note, AMPK activators metformin and AICAR significantly attenuated PMA-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production. However, inhibition of AMPK activity alone by compound C was ineffective in promoting monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in the absence of PMA. On the other hand, inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity inhibited PMA-induced inflammation but not differentiation, suggesting that inflammation and differentiation are independent events. In contrast, inhibition of STAT3 activity inhibited both inflammation and monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. By decreasing STAT3 phosphorylation, metformin and AICAR through increased AMPK activation caused inhibition of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Metformin attenuated Ang-II-induced atheromatous plaque formation and aortic aneurysm in ApoE(-/-) mice partly by reducing monocyte infiltration. We conclude that the AMPK-STAT3 axis plays a pivotal role in regulating monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and that by decreasing STAT3 phosphorylation through increased AMPK activity, AMPK activators inhibit monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anantha Koteswararao Kanugula
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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22
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Naresh Kumar R, Malla Reddy G, Nagendar P, Kurumurthy C, Shanthan Rao P, Karnewar S, Kotamraju S, Narsaiah B. Synthesis of Novel Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2- d]pyrimidine Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Naresh Kumar
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - G. Malla Reddy
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - P. Nagendar
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - C. Kurumurthy
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - P. Shanthan Rao
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - B. Narsaiah
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500607 India
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23
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Kanugula AK, Gollavilli PN, Vasamsetti SB, Karnewar S, Gopoju R, Ummanni R, Kotamraju S. Statin‐induced inhibition of breast cancer proliferation and invasion involves attenuation of iron transport: intermediacy of nitric oxide and antioxidant defence mechanisms. FEBS J 2014; 281:3719-3738. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1111/febs.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from in vitro, in vivo, clinical and epidemiological studies shows promising results for the use of statins against many cancers including breast carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti‐proliferative and anti‐invasive properties of statins still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide, iron homeostasis and antioxidant defence mechanisms in mediating the anti‐proliferative and anti‐invasive properties of hydrophobic statins in MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐453 and BT‐549 metastatic triple negative breast cancer cells. Fluvastatin and simvastatin significantly increased cytotoxicity which was reversed with mevalonate. Interestingly, fluvastatin downregulated transferrin receptor (TfR1), with a concomitant depletion of intracellular iron levels in these cells. Statin‐induced effects were mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI‐298) but not farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI‐277). Further, it was observed that TfR1 downregulation is mediated by increased nitric oxide levels via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. NOS inhibitors (asymmetric dimethylarginine and 1400W) counteracted and sepiapterin, a precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin, exacerbated statin‐induced depletion of intracellular iron levels. Notably, fluvastatin increased manganese superoxide dismutase (by repressing the transcription factor DNA damage‐binding protein 2), catalase and glutathione which, in turn, diminished H2O2 levels. Fluvastatin‐induced downregulation of TfR1, matrix metalloproteinase‐2, ‐9 and inhibition of invasion were reversed in the presence of aminotriazole, a specific inhibitor of catalase. Finally, we conclude that fluvastatin, by altering iron homeostasis, nitric oxide generation and antioxidant defence mechanisms, induces triple negative breast cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Santosh Karnewar
- Centre for Chemical Biology CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Raja Gopoju
- Centre for Chemical Biology CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Ramesh Ummanni
- Centre for Chemical Biology CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
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24
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Kanugula AK, Gollavilli PN, Vasamsetti SB, Karnewar S, Gopoju R, Ummanni R, Kotamraju S. Statin-induced inhibition of breast cancer proliferation and invasion involves attenuation of iron transport: intermediacy of nitric oxide and antioxidant defence mechanisms. FEBS J 2014; 281:3719-38. [PMID: 24964743 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from in vitro, in vivo, clinical and epidemiological studies shows promising results for the use of statins against many cancers including breast carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive properties of statins still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide, iron homeostasis and antioxidant defence mechanisms in mediating the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive properties of hydrophobic statins in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453 and BT-549 metastatic triple negative breast cancer cells. Fluvastatin and simvastatin significantly increased cytotoxicity which was reversed with mevalonate. Interestingly, fluvastatin downregulated transferrin receptor (TfR1), with a concomitant depletion of intracellular iron levels in these cells. Statin-induced effects were mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor (GGTI-298) but not farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI-277). Further, it was observed that TfR1 downregulation is mediated by increased nitric oxide levels via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. NOS inhibitors (asymmetric dimethylarginine and 1400W) counteracted and sepiapterin, a precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin, exacerbated statin-induced depletion of intracellular iron levels. Notably, fluvastatin increased manganese superoxide dismutase (by repressing the transcription factor DNA damage-binding protein 2), catalase and glutathione which, in turn, diminished H2 O2 levels. Fluvastatin-induced downregulation of TfR1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and inhibition of invasion were reversed in the presence of aminotriazole, a specific inhibitor of catalase. Finally, we conclude that fluvastatin, by altering iron homeostasis, nitric oxide generation and antioxidant defence mechanisms, induces triple negative breast cancer cell death.
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25
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Kamal A, Reddy VS, Karnewar S, Chourasiya SS, Shaik AB, Kumar GB, Kishor C, Reddy MK, Narasimha Rao MP, Nagabhushana A, Ramakrishna KVS, Addlagatta A, Kotamraju S. Back Cover: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazopyridine-Oxindole Conjugates as Microtubule-Targeting Agents (ChemMedChem 12/2013). ChemMedChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201390054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Kamal A, Reddy VS, Karnewar S, Chourasiya SS, Shaik AB, Kumar GB, Kishor C, Reddy MK, Narasimha Rao MP, Nagabhushana A, Ramakrishna KVS, Addlagatta A, Kotamraju S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazopyridine-Oxindole Conjugates as Microtubule-Targeting Agents. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:2015-25. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Madasamy T, Pandiaraj M, Balamurugan M, Karnewar S, Benjamin AR, Venkatesh KA, Vairamani K, Kotamraju S, Karunakaran C. Virtual electrochemical nitric oxide analyzer using copper, zinc superoxide dismutase immobilized on carbon nanotubes in polypyrrole matrix. Talanta 2012; 100:168-74. [PMID: 23141325 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have designed and developed a novel and cost effective virtual electrochemical analyzer for the measurement of NO in exhaled breath and from hydrogen peroxide stimulated endothelial cells using home-made potentiostat. Here, data acquisition system (NI MyDAQ) was used to acquire the data from the electrochemical oxidation of NO mediated by copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,ZnSOD). The electrochemical control programs (graphical user-interface software) were developed using LabVIEW 10.0 to sweep the potential, acquire the current response and process the acquired current signal. The Cu,ZnSOD (SOD1) immobilized on the carbon nanotubes in polypyrrole modified platinum electrode was used as the NO biosensor. The electrochemical behavior of the SOD1 modified electrode exhibited the characteristic quasi-reversible redox peak at the potential, +0.06 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The biological interferences were eliminated by nafion coated SOD1 electrode and then NO was measured selectively. Further, this biosensor showed a wide linear range of response over the concentration of NO from 0.1 μM to 1 mM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM and high sensitivity of 1.1 μA μM(-1). The electroanalytical results obtained here using the developed virtual electrochemical instrument were also compared with the standard cyclic voltammetry instrument and found in agreement with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangamuthu Madasamy
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sambasiva Rao P, Kurumurthy C, Veeraswamy B, Santhosh kumar G, Narsaiah B, Pranay Kumar K, Murthy USN, Karnewar S, Kotamraju S. Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of novel 4-trifluoromethyl-(1,2,3)-thiadiazolo-5-carboxylic acid hydrazide Schiff’s bases. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Khatua TN, Padiya R, Karnewar S, Kuncha M, Agawane SB, Kotamraju S, Banerjee SK. Garlic provides protection to mice heart against isoproterenol-induced oxidative damage: role of nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:9-17. [PMID: 22484451 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Garlic has been widely recognized as a cardioprotective agent. However, the molecular mechanism of its cardioprotective effects is not well established. Here we hypothesized that aqueous garlic homogenate may mediate cardioprotection via nitric oxide (NO). Mice were fed with saline and aqueous garlic homogenate (250 and 500 mgkg(-1)day(-1) orally) for 30 days. In another set of experiment, mice were pre-treated with saline, aqueous garlic homogenate (AGH) (250 mgkg(-1)day(-1) for 30 days), and AGH (30 days) along with L-NAME (20 mgkg(-1)day(-1) i.p. for last 7 days) before inducing acute myocardial infarction by isoproterenol (s.c. injection of isoproterenol 150 mgkg(-1)day(-1) for 2 days) and sacrificed after 48 h. Dose dependent increase in serum NO level was observed after garlic 250 and 500 mgkg(-1) dose feeding. While no change in serum SGPT and SGOT level, a significant decrease in serum LDH level was observed after garlic feeding. Garlic-induced NO formation was further confirmed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Administration of isoproterenol caused a significant decrease in endogenous antioxidants i.e., myocardial catalase, GSH and GPx activity, and mitochondrial enzyme activities like citrate synthase and β hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase. All those deleterious cardiac changes induced by isoproterenol were significantly attenuated by garlic homogenate. However this beneficial effect of garlic was blunted when garlic was administered with L-NAME, a nonspecific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Further, a significant increase in myocardial TBARS and decrease in total antioxidant activity was observed in L-NAME treated group compared to isoproterenol treated group. Administration of L-NAME in mice from control group lowered serum and cardiac NO levels without any change of oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, our study provides novel evidence that garlic homogenate is protective in myocardial infarction via NO-signaling pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Nath Khatua
- Division of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500607, India
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