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Marco-Contelles J. α-Phenyl- N-tert-Butylnitrone and Analogous α-Aryl- N-alkylnitrones as Neuroprotective Antioxidant Agents for Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:440. [PMID: 38671888 PMCID: PMC11047398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in research on the use of the antioxidant and neuroprotective agent α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) for the therapy of stroke have been reviewed. The protective effect of PBN in the transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) has been demonstrated, although there have been significant differences in the neuronal salvaging effect between PBN-treated and untreated animals, each set of data having quite large inter-experimental variation. In the transient forebrain ischemia model of gerbil, PBN reduces the mortality after ischemia and the neuronal damage in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area of the hippocumpus caused by ischemia. However, PBN fails to prevent postischemic CA1 damage in the rat. As for focal cerebral ischemia, PBN significantly reduces cerebral infarction and decreases neurological deficit after ischemia using a rat model of persistent MCAO in rats. Similarly, the antioxidant and neuroprotective capacity of a number of PBN-derived nitrones prepared in the author's laboratory have also been summarized here, showing their high potential therapeutic power to treat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Center for Biomedical Network Research (CIBER), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 46010 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Escobar-Peso A, Martínez-Alonso E, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Alcázar A, Marco-Contelles J. Synthesis, antioxidant and neuroprotective analysis of diversely functionalized α-aryl-N-alkyl nitrones as potential agents for ischemic stroke therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116133. [PMID: 38218126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis, antioxidant and biological evaluation of 32 monosubstituted α-arylnitrones derived from α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) in the search for neuroprotective compounds for ischemic stroke therapy, trying to elucidate the structural patterns responsible for their neuroprotective activity. Not surprisingly, the N-tert-butyl moiety plays beneficious role in comparison to other differently N-substituted nitrone groups. It seems that electron donor substituents at the ortho position and electron withdrawing substituents at the meta position of the aryl ring induce good neuroprotective activity. As a result, (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanimine oxide (21a) and (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)methanimine oxide (24a) showed a significant increase in neuronal viability in an experimental ischemia model in primary neuronal cultures, and induced neuroprotection and improved neurodeficit score in an in vivo model of transient cerebral ischemia. These results showed that nitrones 21a and 24a are new effective small and readily available antioxidants, and suitable candidates for further structure optimization in the search for new phenyl-derived nitrones for the treatment of ischemic stroke and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Escobar-Peso
- Department of Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alberto Alcázar
- Department of Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Alonso JM, Escobar-Peso A, Fernández I, Alcázar A, Marco-Contelles J. Improving the Efficacy of Quinolylnitrones for Ischemic Stroke Therapy, QN4 and QN15 as New Neuroprotective Agents after Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Neuronal Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1363. [PMID: 36355534 PMCID: PMC9697404 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In our search for new neuroprotective agents for stroke therapy to improve the pharmacological profile of the compound quinolylnitrone QN23, we have prepared and studied sixteen new, related and easily available quinolylnitrones. As a result, we have identified compounds QN4 and QN15 as promising candidates showing high neuroprotection power in a cellular experimental model of ischemia. Even though they were found to be less active than our current lead compound QN23, QN4 and QN15 provide an improved potency and, particularly for QN4, an expanded range of tolerability and improved solubility compared to the parent compound. A computational DFT-based analysis has been carried out to understand the antioxidant power of quinolylnitrones QN23, QN4 and QN15. Altogether, these results show that subtle, simple modifications of the quinolylnitrone scaffold are tolerated, providing high neuroprotective activity and optimization of the pharmacological potency required for an improved design and future drug developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Alonso
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escobar-Peso
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Ctra. Colmenar km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Alcázar
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Ctra. Colmenar km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Synthesis, Neuroprotection, and Antioxidant Activity of 1,1'-Biphenylnitrones as α-Phenyl- N-tert-butylnitrone Analogues in In Vitro Ischemia Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041127. [PMID: 33672652 PMCID: PMC7926640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the neuroprotective and antioxidant activity of 1,1′-biphenyl nitrones (BPNs) 1–5 as α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone analogues prepared from commercially available [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carbaldehyde and [1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-dicarbaldehyde. The neuroprotection of BPNs1-5 has been measured against oligomycin A/rotenone and in an oxygen–glucose deprivation in vitro ischemia model in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results indicate that BPNs 1–5 have better neuroprotective and antioxidant properties than α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), and they are quite similar to N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which is a well-known antioxidant agent. Among the nitrones studied, homo-bis-nitrone BPHBN5, bearing two N-tert-Bu radicals at the nitrone motif, has the best neuroprotective capacity (EC50 = 13.16 ± 1.65 and 25.5 ± 3.93 μM, against the reduction in metabolic activity induced by respiratory chain blockers and oxygen–glucose deprivation in an in vitro ischemia model, respectively) as well as anti-necrotic, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant activities (EC50 = 11.2 ± 3.94 μM), which were measured by its capacity to reduce superoxide production in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell cultures, followed by mononitrone BPMN3, with one N-Bn radical, and BPMN2, with only one N-tert-Bu substituent. The antioxidant activity of BPNs1-5 has also been analyzed for their capacity to scavenge hydroxyl free radicals (82% at 100 μM), lipoxygenase inhibition, and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (68% at 100 μM). Results showed that although the number of nitrone groups improves the neuroprotection profile of these BPNs, the final effect is also dependent on the substitutent that is being incorporated. Thus, BPNs bearing N-tert-Bu and N-Bn groups show better neuroprotective and antioxidant properties than those substituted with Me. All these results led us to propose homo-bis-nitrone BPHBN5 as the most balanced and interesting nitrone based on its neuroprotective capacity in different neuronal models of oxidative stress and in vitro ischemia as well as its antioxidant activity.
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Abstract
The recent advances of tetramethylpyrazine nitrones and quinolylnitrones for the treatment of stroke have been reviewed and compared with other agents, showing promising therapeutic applications. As a result of a functional transformation of natural product ligustrazine, (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanimine oxide (6) is a multitarget small nitrone showing potent thrombolytic activity and free radicals scavenging power, in addition to nontoxicity and blood-brain barrier permeability. Similarly, antioxidant (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methanimine oxide (17) is a novel agent for cerebral ischemia therapy as it is able to scavenge different types of free radical species, showing strong neuroprotection and reduced infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC; Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Synthesis, antioxidant properties and neuroprotection of α-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone derived HomoBisNitrones in in vitro and in vivo ischemia models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14150. [PMID: 32843666 PMCID: PMC7447640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis, antioxidant power and neuroprotective properties of nine homo-bis-nitrones HBNs1–9 as alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) analogues for stroke therapy. In vitro neuroprotection studies of HBNs1–9 against Oligomycin A/Rotenone and in an oxygen-glucose-deprivation model of ischemia in human neuroblastoma cell cultures, indicate that (1Z,1′Z)-1,1′-(1,3-phenylene)bis(N-benzylmethanimine oxide) (HBN6) is a potent neuroprotective agent that prevents the decrease in neuronal metabolic activity (EC50 = 1.24 ± 0.39 μM) as well as necrotic and apoptotic cell death. HBN6 shows strong hydroxyl radical scavenger power (81%), and capacity to decrease superoxide production in human neuroblastoma cell cultures (maximal activity = 95.8 ± 3.6%), values significantly superior to the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of the parent PBN. The higher neuroprotective ability of HBN6 has been rationalized by means of Density Functional Theory calculations. Calculated physicochemical and ADME properties confirmed HBN6 as a hit-agent showing suitable drug-like properties. Finally, the contribution of HBN6 to brain damage prevention was confirmed in a permanent MCAO setting by assessing infarct volume outcome 48 h after stroke in drug administered experimental animals, which provides evidence of a significant reduction of the brain lesion size and strongly suggests that HBN6 is a potential neuroprotective agent against stroke.
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Amitina SA, Zaytseva EV, Dmitrieva NA, Lomanovich AV, Kandalintseva NV, Ten YA, Artamonov IA, Markov AF, Mazhukin DG. 5-Aryl-2-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4 H-imidazole 3-Oxides and Their Redox Species: How Antioxidant Activity of 1-Hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazoles Correlates with the Stability of Hybrid Phenoxyl-Nitroxides. Molecules 2020; 25:E3118. [PMID: 32650477 PMCID: PMC7396990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nitrones of the imidazole series, containing a sterically hindered phenol group, are promising objects for studying antioxidant activity; on the other hand, they can form persistent hybrid phenoxyl-nitroxyl radicals (HPNs) upon oxidation. Here, a series of 5-aryl-4,4-dimethyl-4H-imidazole 3-oxides was obtained by condensation of aromatic 2-hydroxylaminoketones with 4-formyl-2,6-dialkylphenols followed by oxidation of the initially formed N-hydroxy derivatives. It was shown that the antioxidant activity of both 1-hydroxy-2,5-dihydroimidazoles and 4H-imidazole 3-oxides increases with a decrease in steric volume of the alkyl substituent in the phenol group, while the stability of the corresponding HPNs generated from 4H-imidazole 3-oxides reveals the opposite tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Amitina
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (E.V.Z.); (A.V.L.); (Y.A.T.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Elena V. Zaytseva
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (E.V.Z.); (A.V.L.); (Y.A.T.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Natalya A. Dmitrieva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Antioxidants, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Vilyuyskaya Str. 28, 6301026 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.A.D.); (N.V.K.); (A.F.M.)
| | - Alyona V. Lomanovich
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (E.V.Z.); (A.V.L.); (Y.A.T.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Natalya V. Kandalintseva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Antioxidants, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Vilyuyskaya Str. 28, 6301026 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.A.D.); (N.V.K.); (A.F.M.)
| | - Yury A. Ten
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (E.V.Z.); (A.V.L.); (Y.A.T.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Ilya A. Artamonov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (E.V.Z.); (A.V.L.); (Y.A.T.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Alexander F. Markov
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Antioxidants, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Vilyuyskaya Str. 28, 6301026 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.A.D.); (N.V.K.); (A.F.M.)
| | - Dmitrii G. Mazhukin
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.A.A.); (E.V.Z.); (A.V.L.); (Y.A.T.); (I.A.A.)
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8
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Piotrowska DG, Mediavilla L, Cuarental L, Głowacka IE, Marco-Contelles J, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, López-Muñoz F, Oset-Gasque MJ. Synthesis and Neuroprotective Properties of N-Substituted C-Dialkoxyphosphorylated Nitrones. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8581-8587. [PMID: 31459948 PMCID: PMC6648307 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and neuroprotective power of some N-substituted C-(dialkoxy)phosphorylated nitrones 4a-g, by studying their ability to increase the cell viability, as well as their capacity to reduce necrosis and apoptosis. We have identified (Z)-N-tert-butyl-1-(diethoxyphosphoryl)methanimine oxide (4e) as the most potent, nontoxic, and neuroprotective agent, with a high activity against neuronal necrotic cell death, a result that correlates very well with its great capacity for the inhibition of the superoxide production (72%), as well as with the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (62%), and the 5-lipoxygenase activity (45%) at 100 μM concentrations. Thus, nitrone 4e could be a convenient promising compound for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota G. Piotrowska
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
- E-mail: (D.G.P.)
| | - Laura Mediavilla
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n,
Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Cuarental
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n,
Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iwona E. Głowacka
- Bioorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic
Chemistry (CSIC), Juan
de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty
of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology
Unit, “Hospital 12 de Octubre”
Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n,
Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- E-mail: (M.J.O.-G.)
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Chioua M, Martínez-Alonso E, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Ayuso MI, Escobar-Peso A, Infantes L, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Montoya JJ, Montaner J, Alcázar A, Marco-Contelles J. New Quinolylnitrones for Stroke Therapy: Antioxidant and Neuroprotective ( Z)- N- tert-Butyl-1-(2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methanimine Oxide as a New Lead-Compound for Ischemic Stroke Treatment. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2184-2201. [PMID: 30715875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the synthesis and neuroprotective capacity of an array of 31 compounds comprising quinolyloximes, quinolylhydrazones, quinolylimines, QNs, and related heterocyclic azolylnitrones. Neuronal cultures subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), as experimental model for ischemic conditions, were treated with our molecules at the onset of recovery period after OGD and showed that most of these QNs, but not the azo molecules, improved neuronal viability 24 h after recovery. Especially, QN ( Z)- N-tert-butyl-1-(2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methanimine oxide (23) was shown as a very potent neuroprotective agent. Antioxidant analysis based on the ability of QN 23 to trap different types of toxic radical oxygenated species supported and confirmed its strong neuroprotective capacity. Finally, QN 23 showed also neuroprotection induction in two in vivo models of cerebral ischemia, decreasing neuronal death and reducing infarct size, allowing us to conclude that QN 23 can be considered as new lead-compound for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , IQOG, CSIC , C/Juan de la Cierva 3 , Madrid 28006 , Spain
| | - Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Investigation , IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal , Ctra. Colmenar km 9.1 , Madrid 28034 , Spain
| | - Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Neurovascular Research Group , Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío , Av. Manuel Siurot s/n , Seville 41013 , Spain
| | - Maria I Ayuso
- Neurovascular Research Group , Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío , Av. Manuel Siurot s/n , Seville 41013 , Spain
| | - Alejandro Escobar-Peso
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , IQOG, CSIC , C/Juan de la Cierva 3 , Madrid 28006 , Spain.,Department of Investigation , IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal , Ctra. Colmenar km 9.1 , Madrid 28034 , Spain
| | - Lourdes Infantes
- Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC , C/Serrano 119 , Madrid 28006 , Spain
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124 , Greece
| | - Juan J Montoya
- Isquaemia Biotech SL , Scientific Technological Park, C/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n , Córdoba 14014 , Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Group , Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío , Av. Manuel Siurot s/n , Seville 41013 , Spain.,Department of Neurology , Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena , Av. Doctor Fedriani 3 , Seville 41007 , Spain
| | - Alberto Alcázar
- Department of Investigation , IRYCIS, Hospital Ramón y Cajal , Ctra. Colmenar km 9.1 , Madrid 28034 , Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , IQOG, CSIC , C/Juan de la Cierva 3 , Madrid 28006 , Spain
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10
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Synthesis, neuroprotective and antioxidant capacity of PBN-related indanonitrones. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:445-451. [PMID: 30771691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work six PBN-related indanonitrones 1-6 have been designed, synthesized, and their neuroprotection capacity tested in vitro, under OGD conditions, in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell cultures. As a result, we have identified indanonitrones 1, 3 and 4 (EC50 = 6.64 ± 0.28 μM) as the most neuroprotective agents, and in particular, among them, indanonitrone 4 was also the most potent and balanced nitrone, showing antioxidant activity in three experiments [LOX (100 μM), APPH (51%), DPPH (36.5%)], being clearly more potent antioxidant agent than nitrone PBN. Consequently, we have identified (Z)-5-hydroxy-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-imine oxide (4) as a hit-molecule for further investigation.
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11
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Oliveira C, Benfeito S, Fernandes C, Cagide F, Silva T, Borges F. NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides: Past, present, and future. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1159-1187. [PMID: 29095519 DOI: 10.1002/med.21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological effects attributed to nitric oxide (• NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) have been extensively studied, propelling their array of putative clinical applications beyond cardiovascular disorders toward other age-related diseases, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the unique properties and reactivity of the N-O bond enabled the development of several classes of compounds with potential clinical interest, among which • NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides are of particular importance. Although primarily studied for their application as cardioprotective agents and/or molecular probes for radical detection, continuous efforts have unveiled a wide range of pharmacological activities and, ultimately, therapeutic applications. These efforts are of particular significance for diseases in which oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role, as shown by a growing volume of in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. Although in its early stages, these efforts may provide valuable guidelines for the development of new and effective N-O-based drugs for age-related disorders. In this report, we review recent advances in the chemistry of NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides and discuss its pharmacological significance and potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silva
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Matias A, Biazolla G, Cerchiaro G, Keppler A. α-Aryl-N-aryl nitrones: Synthesis and screening of a new scaffold for cellular protection against an oxidative toxic stimulus. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:232-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Xu J, Li X, Wu J, Dai WM. Synthesis of 5-alkyl-5-aryl-1-pyrroline N-oxides from 1-aryl-substituted nitroalkanes and acrolein via Michael addition and nitro reductive cyclization. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oct-2 transcription factor binding activity and expression up-regulation in rat cerebral ischaemia is associated with a diminution of neuronal damage in vitro. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:332-49. [PMID: 24282026 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain plasticity provides a mechanism to compensate for lesions produced as a result of stroke. The present study aims to identify new transcription factors (TFs) following focal cerebral ischaemia in rat as potential therapeutic targets. A transient focal cerebral ischaemia model was used for TF-binding activity and TF-TF interaction profile analysis. A permanent focal cerebral ischaemia model was used for the transcript gene analysis and for the protein study. The identification of TF variants, mRNA analysis, and protein study was performed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), qPCR, and Western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Rat cortical neurons were transfected with small interfering RNA against the TF in order to study its role. The TF-binding analysis revealed a differential binding activity of the octamer family in ischaemic brain in comparison with the control brain samples both in acute and late phases. In this study, we focused on Oct-2 TF. Five of the six putative Oct-2 transcript variants are expressed in both control and ischaemic rat brain, showing a significant increase in the late phase of ischaemia. Oct-2 protein showed neuronal localisation both in control and ischaemic rat brain cortical slices. Functional studies revealed that Oct-2 interacts with TFs involved in important brain processes (neuronal and vascular development) and basic cellular functions and that Oct-2 knockdown promotes neuronal injury. The present study shows that Oct-2 expression and binding activity increase in the late phase of cerebral ischaemia and finds Oct-2 to be involved in reducing ischaemic-mediated neuronal injury.
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