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Marullo R, Rutherford SC, Revuelta MV, Zamponi N, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Kotlov N, Di Siervi N, Lara-Garcia J, Allan JN, Ruan J, Furman RR, Chen Z, Shore TB, Phillips AA, Mayer S, Hsu J, van Besien K, Leonard JP, Borden KL, Inghirami G, Martin P, Cerchietti L. XPO1 Enables Adaptive Regulation of mRNA Export Required for Genotoxic Stress Tolerance in Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2024; 84:101-117. [PMID: 37801604 PMCID: PMC10758694 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Exportin-1 (XPO1), the main soluble nuclear export receptor in eukaryotic cells, is frequently overexpressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A selective XPO1 inhibitor, selinexor, received approval as single agent for relapsed or refractory (R/R) DLBCL. Elucidating the mechanisms by which XPO1 overexpression supports cancer cells could facilitate further clinical development of XPO1 inhibitors. We uncovered here that XPO1 overexpression increases tolerance to genotoxic stress, leading to a poor response to chemoimmunotherapy. Upon DNA damage induced by MYC expression or exogenous compounds, XPO1 bound and exported EIF4E and THOC4 carrying DNA damage repair mRNAs, thereby increasing synthesis of DNA damage repair proteins under conditions of increased turnover. Consequently, XPO1 inhibition decreased the capacity of lymphoma cells to repair DNA damage and ultimately resulted in increased cytotoxicity. In a phase I clinical trial conducted in R/R DLBCL, the combination of selinexor with second-line chemoimmunotherapy was tolerated with early indication of efficacy. Overall, this study reveals that XPO1 overexpression plays a critical role in the increased tolerance of cancer cells to DNA damage while providing new insights to optimize the clinical development of XPO1 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE XPO1 regulates the dynamic ribonucleoprotein nuclear export in response to genotoxic stress to support tolerance and can be targeted to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to endogenous and exogenous DNA damage. See related commentary by Knittel and Reinhardt, p. 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Marullo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sarah C. Rutherford
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Maria V. Revuelta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Nahuel Zamponi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Nicolás Di Siervi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Juan Lara-Garcia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - John N. Allan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jia Ruan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Richard R. Furman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Population Health Sciences Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tsiporah B. Shore
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Adrienne A. Phillips
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Sebastian Mayer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jingmei Hsu
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - John P. Leonard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Katherine L.B. Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Peter Martin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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2
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Miceli M, Failla P, Saccuzzo L, Galesi O, Amata S, Romano C, Bonaglia MC, Fichera M. Trait - driven analysis of the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome suggests a complex pattern of interactions between candidate genes. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:491-505. [PMID: 36807877 PMCID: PMC10027778 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome share a complex phenotype including neurodevelopmental delay, brain malformations, microcephaly, and autistic behavior. The analysis of the shortest region of overlap (SRO) between deletions in ~ 40 patients has led to the identification of two critical regions and four strongly candidate genes (BCL11A, REL, USP34 and XPO1). However, the delineation of their role in the occurrence of specific traits is hampered by their incomplete penetrance. OBJECTIVE To better delineate the role of hemizygosity of specific regions in selected traits by leveraging information both from penetrant and non - penetrant deletions. METHODS Deletions in patients that do not present a specific trait cannot contribute to delineate the SROs. We recently developed a probabilistic model that, by considering also the non - penetrant deletions, allows a more reliable assignment of peculiar traits to specific genomic segments. We apply this method adding two new patients to the published cases. RESULTS Our results delineate an intricate pattern of genotype - phenotype correlation where BCL11A emerges as the main gene for autistic behavior while USP34 and/or XPO1 haploinsufficiency are mainly associated with microcephaly, hearing loss and IUGR. BCL11A, USP34 and XPO1 genes are broadly related with brain malformations albeit with distinct patterns of brain damage. CONCLUSIONS The observed penetrance of deletions encompassing different SROs and that predicted when considering each single SRO as acting independently, may reflect a more complex model than the additive one. Our approach may improve the genotype/phenotype correlation and may help to identify specific pathogenic mechanisms in contiguous gene syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Miceli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Saccuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Corrado Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Maria Clara Bonaglia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marco Fichera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
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3
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Ye Y, Lui VCH, Tam PKH. Pathogenesis of Choledochal Cyst: Insights from Genomics and Transcriptomics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061030. [PMID: 35741793 PMCID: PMC9223186 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Choledochal cysts (CC) is characterized by extra- and/or intra-hepatic b\ile duct dilations. There are two main theories, “pancreaticobiliary maljunction” and “congenital stenosis of bile ducts” proposed for the pathogenesis of CC. Although family cases or CC associated with other anomalies have been reported, the molecular pathogenesis of CC is still poorly understood. Recent advances in transcriptomics and genomics analysis platforms have unveiled key expression signatures/genes/signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of human diseases including CC. This review summarizes insights from genomics and transcriptomics studies into the pathogenesis of CC, with the aim to improve (i) our understanding of its underlying complex pathomechanisms, and (ii) clinical management of different subtypes of CC, in particular their associated hepatic fibrotic change and their risk of malignancy transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Ye
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China;
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Vincent Chi Hang Lui
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China;
- Correspondence:
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4
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Chromosome 2p15-p16.1 microduplication in a boy with congenital anomalies: Is it a distinctive syndrome? Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:47-54. [PMID: 29864511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Ichii O, Nakamura T, Horino T, Yabuki A, Elewa YHA, Kon Y. Abnormal Morphology of Distal Tubular Epithelial Cells Is Regulated by Genetic Factors Derived from Mouse Chromosome 12. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2120-2138. [PMID: 29935167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The distal tubule (DT) helps regulate blood pressure and electrolytes. We describe a novel, autosomal recessive, morphofunctional DT abnormality in inbred mice evident as columnar alternations and age-related cystic changes. This abnormality developed in both sexes of DBA/2Cr. Similar phenotypes were observed in A/J, C3H/He, DBA/1J, and FVB/N strains, but not in AKR/N, BALB/c, or C57BL/6N strains. In DBA/2Cr, abnormal DT localized to straight and convoluted segments and showed IL-36α DT injury marker expression. However, DT epithelial proliferation, examined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, was not remarkably altered with the progression of abnormality. Abnormal DT epithelial cells in DBA/2Cr displayed elongated primary cilia, loose intercellular adhesions, and numerous vesicles with altered localization of CD9, Na+/K+ATPase, and E-cadherin, indicating altered cell function, adhesion, and polarity. DBA/2Cr-type D12Mit182-D12Mit83 was identified as a candidate locus designated DBA/2 renal cyst (drecy). Within drecy, the gene regulated by estrogen in breast cancer protein (Greb1) transcript variant 2 was significantly up-regulated in DBA/2Cr kidney versus C57BL/6N. Greb1 localized to DT cytoplasm in C57BL/6 and to cytoplasm and nucleus in DBA/2Cr. Greb1-overexpressing M-1 kidney cells showed an altered epithelial-mesenchyme phenotype. B6.D2-(D12Mit182-D12Mit83) congenic mice carrying drecy did not show DT abnormalities, whereas DBA/2Cr × B6.D2-(D12Mit182-D12Mit83) mice did. Identification of this novel DT abnormality regulated by a DBA/2Cr mouse chromosome 12-derived locus and additional genetic factors improve the understanding of DT pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Section of Biological Science, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Japan
| | - Taro Horino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yaser H A Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Soblet J, Dimov I, Graf von Kalckreuth C, Cano-Chervel J, Baijot S, Pelc K, Sottiaux M, Vilain C, Smits G, Deconinck N. BCL11A frameshift mutation associated with dyspraxia and hypotonia affecting the fine, gross, oral, and speech motor systems. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:201-208. [PMID: 28960836 PMCID: PMC5765401 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 7‐year‐old male of Western European origin presenting with moderate intellectual disability, severe childhood apraxia of speech in the presence of oral and manual dyspraxia, and hypotonia across motor systems including the oral and speech motor systems. Exome sequencing revealed a de novo frameshift protein truncating mutation in the fourth exon of BCL11A, a gene recently demonstrated as being involved in cognition and language development. Making parallels with a previously described patient with a 200 kb 2p15p16.1 deletion encompassing the entire BCL11A gene and displaying a similar phenotype, we characterize in depth how BCL11A is involved in clinical aspects of language development and oral praxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Soblet
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Dimov
- Faculté de Médecine ULB, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clemens Graf von Kalckreuth
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Cano-Chervel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Baijot
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Pelc
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Sottiaux
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catheline Vilain
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Chromosomal contacts connect loci associated with autism, BMI and head circumference phenotypes. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:836-849. [PMID: 27240531 PMCID: PMC5508252 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are major contributors to genomic imbalance disorders. Phenotyping of 137 unrelated deletion and reciprocal duplication carriers of the distal 16p11.2 220 kb BP2-BP3 interval showed that these rearrangements are associated with autism spectrum disorders and mirror phenotypes of obesity/underweight and macrocephaly/microcephaly. Such phenotypes were previously associated with rearrangements of the non-overlapping proximal 16p11.2 600 kb BP4-BP5 interval. These two CNV-prone regions at 16p11.2 are reciprocally engaged in complex chromatin looping, as successfully confirmed by 4C-seq, fluorescence in situ hybridization and Hi-C, as well as coordinated expression and regulation of encompassed genes. We observed that genes differentially expressed in 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 CNV carriers are concomitantly modified in their chromatin interactions, suggesting that disruption of chromatin interplays could participate in the observed phenotypes. We also identified cis- and trans-acting chromatin contacts to other genomic regions previously associated with analogous phenotypes. For example, we uncovered that individuals with reciprocal rearrangements of the trans-contacted 2p15 locus similarly display mirror phenotypes on head circumference and weight. Our results indicate that chromosomal contacts' maps could uncover functionally and clinically related genes.
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8
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Shimbo H, Yokoi T, Aida N, Mizuno S, Suzumura H, Nagai J, Ida K, Enomoto Y, Hatano C, Kurosawa K. Haploinsufficiency of BCL11A associated with cerebellar abnormalities in 2p15p16.1 deletion syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:429-437. [PMID: 28717667 PMCID: PMC5511803 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 2p15p16.1 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability (ID), neurodevelopmental delay, language delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, structural brain abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. More than 30 patients with 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome have been reported in the literature. METHODS Molecular analysis was performed using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Clinical characteristics and brain magnetic resonance imaging features of these patients were also reviewed. RESULTS We identified four patients with ID, neurodevelopmental delay, brain malformations, and dysmorphic features; two patients with 2p15p16.1 deletions (3.24 Mb, 5.04 Mb), one patient with 2p16.1 deletion (1.12 Mb), and one patient with 2p14p16.1 deletion (5.12 Mb). Three patients with 2p15p16.1 deletions or 2p16.1 deletions encompassing BCL11A,PAPOLG, and REL showed hypoplasia of the pons and cerebellum. The patient with 2p14p16.1 deletion, which did not include three genes showed normal size and shape of the cerebellar hemispheres and pons. CONCLUSION The zinc finger transcription factor BCL11A associated with the BAF chromatin remodeling complex has been identified to be critical for neural development and BCL11A haploinsufficiency is closely related to cerebellar abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shimbo
- Clinical Research InstituteKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Takayuki Yokoi
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Noriko Aida
- Division of RadiologyKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of PediatricsAichi Human Service CenterCentral HospitalKasugaiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Suzumura
- Department of PediatricsDokkyo Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
| | - Junichi Nagai
- Laboratory MedicineKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kazumi Ida
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research InstituteKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Chihiro Hatano
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
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9
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Codipilly DC, Gavrilova RH, Tangalos EG. De novo 2p16.1 microdeletion with metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-218016. [PMID: 28108439 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdeletions involving chromosome 2p15-16.1 are a rare genetic abnormality and have been reported in 18 separate patients, mainly children, since 2007. This microdeletion syndrome is characterised by a heterogeneous expression of intellectual impairment, dysmorphic facies, musculoskeletal abnormalities and potential neurodevelopmental anomalies. We report the first case of natural progression in an adult patient who died at a young age of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma. Important learning points include the variable phenotypic expression of this microdeletion syndrome and the fact that clinicians must be thorough in investigating objective discrepancies in patients who cannot endorse classical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Chamil Codipilly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ralitza H Gavrilova
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Neurology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric G Tangalos
- Department of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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BCL11A Haploinsufficiency Causes an Intellectual Disability Syndrome and Dysregulates Transcription. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:253-74. [PMID: 27453576 PMCID: PMC4974071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a common condition with considerable genetic heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing of large cohorts has identified an increasing number of genes implicated in ID, but their roles in neurodevelopment remain largely unexplored. Here we report an ID syndrome caused by de novo heterozygous missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations in BCL11A, encoding a transcription factor that is a putative member of the BAF swi/snf chromatin-remodeling complex. Using a comprehensive integrated approach to ID disease modeling, involving human cellular analyses coupled to mouse behavioral, neuroanatomical, and molecular phenotyping, we provide multiple lines of functional evidence for phenotypic effects. The etiological missense variants cluster in the amino-terminal region of human BCL11A, and we demonstrate that they all disrupt its localization, dimerization, and transcriptional regulatory activity, consistent with a loss of function. We show that Bcl11a haploinsufficiency in mice causes impaired cognition, abnormal social behavior, and microcephaly in accordance with the human phenotype. Furthermore, we identify shared aberrant transcriptional profiles in the cortex and hippocampus of these mouse models. Thus, our work implicates BCL11A haploinsufficiency in neurodevelopmental disorders and defines additional targets regulated by this gene, with broad relevance for our understanding of ID and related syndromes.
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11
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Bagheri H, Badduke C, Qiao Y, Colnaghi R, Abramowicz I, Alcantara D, Dunham C, Wen J, Wildin RS, Nowaczyk MJ, Eichmeyer J, Lehman A, Maranda B, Martell S, Shan X, Lewis SM, O’Driscoll M, Gregory-Evans CY, Rajcan-Separovic E. Identifying candidate genes for 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome using clinical, genomic, and functional analysis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e85461. [PMID: 27699255 PMCID: PMC5033885 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome has a core phenotype consisting of intellectual disability, microcephaly, hypotonia, delayed growth, common craniofacial features, and digital anomalies. So far, more than 20 cases of 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome have been reported in the literature; however, the size of the deletions and their breakpoints vary, making it difficult to identify the candidate genes. Recent reports pointed to 4 genes (XPO1, USP34, BCL11A, and REL) that were included, alone or in combination, in the smallest deletions causing the syndrome. Here, we describe 8 new patients with the 2p15p16.1 deletion and review all published cases to date. We demonstrate functional deficits for the above 4 candidate genes using patients' lymphoblast cell lines (LCLs) and knockdown of their orthologs in zebrafish. All genes were dosage sensitive on the basis of reduced protein expression in LCLs. In addition, deletion of XPO1, a nuclear exporter, cosegregated with nuclear accumulation of one of its cargo molecules (rpS5) in patients' LCLs. Other pathways associated with these genes (e.g., NF-κB and Wnt signaling as well as the DNA damage response) were not impaired in patients' LCLs. Knockdown of xpo1a, rel, bcl11aa, and bcl11ab resulted in abnormal zebrafish embryonic development including microcephaly, dysmorphic body, hindered growth, and small fins as well as structural brain abnormalities. Our multifaceted analysis strongly implicates XPO1, REL, and BCL11A as candidate genes for 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Bagheri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chansonette Badduke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ying Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rita Colnaghi
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Iga Abramowicz
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Alcantara
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Dunham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiadi Wen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Malgorzata J.M. Nowaczyk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruno Maranda
- Medical Genetics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sally Martell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xianghong Shan
- Department of Ophthalmology, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suzanne M.E. Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark O’Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Shimojima K, Okamoto N, Yamamoto T. Characteristics of 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome: Review and description of two additional patients. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2015; 55:125-32. [PMID: 25900130 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many new microdeletion syndromes have been characterized in the past decade, including 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. More than 10 patients with this syndrome have been described. Recently, we encountered two additional patients with 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. All patients showed variable degrees of intellectual disability, with the autistic features characteristic of this syndrome. Seven out of 16 patients (44%) showed structural abnormalities in the brain, which is also an important feature of this syndrome. The shortest region of microdeletion overlap among the patients includes two genes, USP34 and XPO1. Although these genes have some functional relevance to cancer, they have not been associated with neurological functions. Diagnosis of additional patients with 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome and identification of pathogenic mutations in this region will help identify the genes responsible for the neurological features of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shimojima
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Ottolini KM, Turner CE, Gada SM. Hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired antibody response in a child with chromosome 2p15-16.1 microdeletion syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 115:153-5. [PMID: 26100565 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ottolini
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Clesson E Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Satyen M Gada
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
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14
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Balci TB, Sawyer SL, Davila J, Humphreys P, Dyment DA. Brain malformations in a patient with deletion 2p16.1: A refinement of the phenotype to BCL11A. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:351-4. [PMID: 25979662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletions of 2p15-16.1 have been reported in 15 patients with a recognizable syndrome of dysmorphic features, intellectual disability and microcephaly. Facial features include telecanthus, short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, a broad nasal root, smooth and long philtrum and large ears. Brain malformations can be observed in this syndrome and include hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and a simplified cortical gyral pattern. Case reports have narrowed the critical region of the neurodevelopmental phenotype to a region that spans the B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11A (BCL11A) gene. Here we present a 3-year-old normocephalic girl with moderate development delay and dysmorphic features including a prominent forehead, telecanthus, depressed nasal bridge, thin upper vermilion and a small chin. Magnetic resonance imaging shows enlargement of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles and hypoplastic corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis and pons. Array CGH revealed a 0.875 Mb de novo deletion at 2p16.1 that includes only BCL11A. The moderate delays, hypoplastic and dysmorphic corpus callosum and hippocampi and the facial features are in keeping with the previously described 2p15-16.1 microdeletion syndrome. However, hypoplasia of the pons and cerebellum are not commonly recognized features and are reminiscent of the brain malformations observed in individuals with a mutation in CASK. CASK is known to interact with BCL11A in the normal growth of axons. This case report highlights the role of BCL11A in 2p15-16.1 microdeletion syndrome and the unique phenotype suggests a common pathway for BCL11A and other genes in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce B Balci
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah L Sawyer
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jorge Davila
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Humphreys
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
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15
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Jorgez CJ, Rosenfeld JA, Wilken NR, Vangapandu HV, Sahin A, Pham D, Carvalho CMB, Bandholz A, Miller A, Weaver DD, Burton B, Babu D, Bamforth JS, Wilks T, Flynn DP, Roeder E, Patel A, Cheung SW, Lupski JR, Lamb DJ. Genitourinary defects associated with genomic deletions in 2p15 encompassing OTX1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107028. [PMID: 25203062 PMCID: PMC4159299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal development of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a complex process that frequently goes awry. In male children the most frequent congenital GU anomalies are cryptorchidism (1-4%), hypospadias (1%) and micropenis (0.35%). Bladder exstrophy and epispadias complex (BEEC) (1∶47000) occurs less frequently but significantly impacts patients' lives. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) identified seven individuals with overlapping deletions in the 2p15 region (66.0 kb-5.6 Mb). Six of these patients have GU defects, while the remaining patient has no GU defect. These deletions encompass the transcription factor OTX1. Subjects 2-7 had large de novo CNVs (2.39-6.31 Mb) and exhibited features similar to those associated with the 2p15p16.1 and 2p15p14 microdeletion syndromes, including developmental delay, short stature, and variable GU defects. Subject-1 with BEEC had the smallest deletion (66 kb), which deleted only one copy of OTX1. Otx1-null mice have seizures, prepubescent transient growth retardation and gonadal defects. Two subjects have short stature, two have seizures, and six have GU defects, mainly affecting the external genitalia. The presence of GU defects in six patients in our cohort and eight of thirteen patients reported with deletions within 2p14p16.1 (two with deletion of OTX1) suggest that genes in 2p15 are important for GU development. Genitalia defects in these patients could result from the effect of OTX1 on pituitary hormone secretion or on the regulation of SHH signaling, which is crucial for development of the bladder and genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina J. Jorgez
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJJ); (DJL)
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc., Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathan R. Wilken
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hima V. Vangapandu
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aysegul Sahin
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dung Pham
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claudia M. B. Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anne Bandholz
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc., Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Amanda Miller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David D. Weaver
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Barbara Burton
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Deepti Babu
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Timothy Wilks
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Flynn
- Department of Children's Endocrinology, St. Luke's Children's Specialty Center, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Roeder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sau W. Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dolores J. Lamb
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJJ); (DJL)
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16
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Fannemel M, Barøy T, Holmgren A, Rødningen OK, Haugsand TM, Hansen B, Frengen E, Misceo D. Haploinsufficiency of XPO1 and USP34 by a de novo 230 kb deletion in 2p15, in a patient with mild intellectual disability and cranio-facial dysmorphisms. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:513-9. [PMID: 24911659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
2p15p16.1-deletion syndrome was first described in 2007 based on the clinical presentation of two patients. The syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features and a variety of congenital organ defects. The precise genotype-phenotype correlation in 2p15-deletion syndrome is not understood. However, greater insight can be obtained by thorough clinical investigation of patients carrying deletions, especially those of small size. We report a 21-year-old male patient with features overlapping the clinical spectrum of the 2p15p16.1-deletion syndrome, such as intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and congenital defects. He carried a 230 kb de novo deletion (chr2:61500346-61733075 bp, hg19), which affects the genes USP34, SNORA70B and XPO1. While there is a lack of functional data on SNORA70B, the involvement of USP34 and XPO1 in the regulation of fundamental developmental processes is well known. We suggest that haploinsufficiency of one or both of these genes is likely to be responsible for the disease in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Fannemel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tuva Barøy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Asbjørn Holmgren
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Olaug K Rødningen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trine M Haugsand
- Department for Adult Habilitation, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Børre Hansen
- Department for Adult Habilitation, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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