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T T Nguyen K, Zillen D, Lasorsa A, van der Wel PCA, Frijlink HW, L J Hinrichs W. Combinations of arginine and pullulan reveal the selective effect of stabilization mechanisms on different lyophilized proteins. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123938. [PMID: 38408554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The stability of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-galactosidase (β-gal), incorporated in arginine/pullulan (A/P) mixtures at various weight ratios by lyophilization, was determined. The physicochemical characteristics of various A/P mixtures were assessed. With decreasing A/P ratios, the glass transition temperature of the formulations increased. Furthermore, arginine crystallization due to high relative humidity (RH) exposure was prevented at an A/P weight ratio of 4/6 or less. When stored at 0 % RH / 60 °C for 4 weeks, arginine was superior to pullulan as stabilizer. During storage at 43 % RH / 30 ℃ for 4 weeks, the enzymatic activity of LDH was best retained at an A/P weight ratio of 2/8, while β-gal activity was relatively well-retained at A/P weight ratios of both 8/2 and 2/8. LDH seemed to be more prone to degradation in the rubbery state. In the glassy state, β-gal degraded faster than LDH. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that (labeled) arginine experienced a different interaction in the two protein samples, reflecting a modulation of long-range correlations of the arginine side chain nitrogen atoms (Nε, Nη). In summary, LDH stabilization in the A/P matrix requires vitrification. Further stabilization difference between LDH and β-gal may be dependent on the interaction with arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Zillen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alessia Lasorsa
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Bergami M, Santana ALD, Charry Martinez J, Reyes A, Coutinho K, Varella MTDN. Multicomponent Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study of Hydrated Positronium. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2699-2714. [PMID: 35377644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We propose a model for solvated positronium (Ps) atoms in water, based on the sequential quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (s-QM/MM) protocol. We developed a Lennard-Jones force field to account for Ps-water interactions in the MM step. The repulsive term was obtained from a previously reported model for the solvated electron, while the dispersion constant was derived from the Slater-Kirkwood formula. The force field was employed in classical Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to generate Ps-solvent configurations in the NpT ensemble, while the quantum properties were computed with the any-particle molecular orbital method in the subsequent QM step. Our approach is general, as it can be applied to other liquids and materials. One basically needs to describe the solvated electron in the environment of interest to obtain the Ps solvation model. The thermodynamical properties computed from the MC simulations point out similarities between the solvation of Ps and noble gas atoms, hydrophobic solutes that form clathrate structures. We performed convergence tests for the QM step, with particular attention to the choice of basis set and expansion centers for the positronic and electronic subsystems. Our largest model was composed of the Ps atom and 22 water molecules in the QM region, corresponding to the first solvation shell, surrounded by 128 molecules described as point charges. The mean electronic and positronic vertical detachment energies were (4.73 ± 0.04) eV and (5.33 ± 0.04) eV, respectively. The latter estimates were computed with Koopmans' theorem corrected by second-order self-energies, for a set of statistically uncorrelated MC configurations. While the Hartree-Fock wave functions do not properly account for the annihilation rates, they were useful for numerical tests, pointing out that annihilation is more sensitive to the choice of basis sets and expansion centers than the detachment energies. We further explored a model with reduced solute cavity size by changing the Ps-solvent force field. Although the pick-off annihilation lifetimes were affected by the cavity size, essentially the same conclusions were drawn from both models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Bergami
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371 CP 66318, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre L D Santana
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371 CP 66318, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Charry Martinez
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Andres Reyes
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Cra. 30 #45-03, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371 CP 66318, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio T do N Varella
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371 CP 66318, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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3
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Groёl S, Menzen T, Winter G. Calorimetric Investigation of the Relaxation Phenomena in Amorphous Lyophilized Solids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1735. [PMID: 34684028 PMCID: PMC8538343 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the thermal history and relaxation of solid amorphous drug product matrices by calorimetry is a well-known approach, particularly in the context of correlating the matrix parameters with the long-term stability of freeze-dried protein drug products. Such calorimetric investigations are even more relevant today, as the application of new process techniques in freeze-drying (which strongly influence the thermal history of the products) has recently gained more interest. To revive the application of calorimetric methods, the widely scattered knowledge on this matter is condensed into a review and completed with new experimental data. The calorimetric methods are applied to recent techniques in lyophilization, such as controlled nucleation and aggressive/collapse drying. Phenomena such as pre-Tg events in differential scanning calorimetry and aging shoulders in isothermal microcalorimetry are critically reviewed and supplemented with data of freeze-dried products that have not been characterized with these methods before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Groёl
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Menzen
- Coriolis Pharma Research GmbH, 82152 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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4
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Thakral S, Sonje J, Munjal B, Suryanarayanan R. Stabilizers and their interaction with formulation components in frozen and freeze-dried protein formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:1-19. [PMID: 33741437 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on protein stabilization during freezing and freeze-drying in relation to stress conditions commonly encountered during these processes. The traditional as well as refined mechanisms by which excipients may stabilize proteins are presented. These stabilizers encompass a wide variety of compounds including sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, surfactants, buffers and polymers. The rational selection of excipients for use in frozen and freeze-dried protein formulations is presented. Lyophilized protein formulations are generally multicomponent systems, providing numerous possibilities of excipient-excipient and protein-excipient interactions. The interplay of different formulation components on the protein stability and excipient functionality in the frozen and freeze-dried systems are reviewed, with discussion of representative examples of such interactions.
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5
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Jing Z, Ni R, Wang J, Lin X, Fan D, Wei Q, Zhang T, Zheng Y, Cai H, Liu Z. Practical strategy to construct anti-osteosarcoma bone substitutes by loading cisplatin into 3D-printed titanium alloy implants using a thermosensitive hydrogel. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4542-4557. [PMID: 34027239 PMCID: PMC8138733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection and perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy-based therapies have improved the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma; however, intraoperative bone defects, local tumour recurrence, and chemotherapy-induced adverse effects still affect the quality of life of patients. Emerging 3D-printed titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants have advantages over traditional implants in bone repair, including lower elastic modulus, lower stiffness, better bone conduction, more bone in-growth, stronger mechanical interlocking, and lager drug-loading capacity by their inherent porous structure. Here, cisplatin, a clinical first-line anti-osteosarcoma drug, was loaded into Ti6Al4V implants, within a PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermo-sensitive hydrogel, to construct bone substitutes with both anti-osteosarcoma and bone-repair functions. The optimal concentrations of cisplatin (0.8 and 1.6 mg/mL) were first determined in vitro. Thereafter, the anti-tumour effect and biosafety of the cisplatin/hydrogel-loaded implants, as well as their bone-repair potential were evaluated in vivo in tumour-bearing mouse, and bone defect rabbit models, respectively. The loading of cisplatin reduced tumour volume by more than two-thirds (from 641.1 to 201.4 mm3) with negligible organ damage, achieving better anti-tumour effects while avoiding the adverse effects of systemic cisplatin delivery. Although bone repair was hindered by cisplatin loading at 4 weeks, no difference was observed at 8 weeks in the context of implants with versus without cisplatin, indicating acceptable long-term stability of all implants (with 8.48%–10.04% bone in-growth and 16.94%–20.53% osseointegration). Overall, cisplatin/hydrogel-loaded 3D-printed Ti6Al4V implants are safe and effective for treating osteosarcoma-caused bone defects, and should be considered for clinical use. Vehiculated within PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel, cisplatin can be conveniently loaded into 3D-printed Ti6Al4V implants. The cisplatin/hydrogel-loaded implants are safe and show a good anti-tumour potential both in vitro and in vivo. This strategy has better anti-osteosarcoma effects and fewer side effects than the conventional cisplatin delivery method. Cisplatin loading does not decrease the bone repair effect of 3D-printed Ti6Al4V implants 8 weeks after surgery. As the components of the implants are non-toxic, this strategy has great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiedong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyang Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingguang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Formulating monoclonal antibodies as powders for reconstitution at high concentration using spray-drying: Trehalose/amino acid combinations as reconstitution time reducing and stability improving formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:131-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Li J, Hubert M, Pinnamaneni S, Tao L, Zhao J, Sharif S, Ramakrishnan RK, Nazarenko S. Effect of Moisture Sorption on Free Volume and Relaxation of Spray Dried Dispersions: Relation to Drug Recrystallization. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1050-1058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Molecular Dynamics and Physical Stability of Pharmaceutical Co-amorphous Systems: Correlation Between Structural Relaxation Times Measured by Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts With the Width of the Glass Transition Temperature (ΔT g) and the Onset of Crystallization. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3848-3858. [PMID: 31542436 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to characterize the structural relaxation times of quench-cooled co-amorphous systems using Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) and to correlate the relaxation data with the onset of crystallization. Comparison was also made between the relaxation times obtained by KWW and the width of glass transition temperature (ΔTg) methods (simple and quick). Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and polarized light microscopy were used to characterize the systems. Results showed that co-amorphous systems yielded a single Tg and ΔCp, suggesting the binary mixtures exist as a single amorphous phase. A narrow step change at Tg indicates the systems were fragile glasses. In co-amorphous nap-indo and para-indo, experimental Tgs were in good agreement with the predicted Tg. However, the Tg of co-amorphous nap-cim and indo-cim were 20°C higher than the predicted Tg, possibly due to stronger molecular interactions. Structural relaxation times below the experimental Tg were successfully characterized using the KWW and ΔTg methods. The comparison plot showed that KWW data are directly proportional to the ½ power of ΔTg data, after adjusting for a small offset. A moderate positive correlation was observed between the onset of crystallization and the KWW data. Structural relaxation times may be useful predictor of physical stability of co-amorphous systems.
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9
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10
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Stärtzel P. Arginine as an Excipient for Protein Freeze-Drying: A Mini Review. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:960-967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Moussa EM, Singh SK, Kimmel M, Nema S, Topp EM. Probing the Conformation of an IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody in Lyophilized Solids Using Solid-State Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange with Mass Spectrometric Analysis (ssHDX-MS). Mol Pharm 2018; 15:356-368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Moussa
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Satish K. Singh
- BioTherapeutics
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Michael Kimmel
- BioTherapeutics
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Sandeep Nema
- BioTherapeutics
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Topp
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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12
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Moorthy BS, Zarraga IE, Kumar L, Walters BT, Goldbach P, Topp EM, Allmendinger A. Solid-State Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry: Correlation of Deuterium Uptake and Long-Term Stability of Lyophilized Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:1-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan S. Moorthy
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Isidro E. Zarraga
- Late
State Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (A Member of the Roche Group), South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lokesh Kumar
- Pharmaceutical
Processing and Technology Development, Genentech (A Member of the Roche Group), South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Benjamin T. Walters
- Early
State Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (A Member of the Roche Group), South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pierre Goldbach
- Late-stage
Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharmaceutical Development
and Supplies, Biologics, Europe, Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth M. Topp
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andrea Allmendinger
- Late-stage
Pharmaceutical and Processing Development, Pharmaceutical Development
and Supplies, Biologics, Europe, Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Lyophilized protein powders: A review of analytical tools for root cause analysis of lot-to-lot variability. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Goshima H, Forney-Stevens KM, Liu M, Qian KK, Tyagi M, Cicerone MT, Pikal MJ. Addition of Monovalent Electrolytes to Improve Storage Stability of Freeze-Dried Protein Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:530-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Forney-Stevens KM, Bogner RH, Pikal MJ. Addition of Amino Acids to Further Stabilize Lyophilized Sucrose-Based Protein Formulations: I. Screening of 15 Amino Acids in Two Model Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:697-704. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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16
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Lim AW, Löbmann K, Grohganz H, Rades T, Chieng N. Investigation of physical properties and stability of indomethacin–cimetidine and naproxen–cimetidine co-amorphous systems prepared by quench cooling, coprecipitation and ball milling. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 68:36-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective was to characterize the structural behaviour of indomethacin–cimetidine and naproxen–cimetidine co-amorphous systems (1 : 1 molar ratio) prepared by quench cooling, co-evaporation and ball milling.
Methods
Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and DSC were used to characterise the samples. Structural relaxation (i.e. molecular mobility) behaviour was obtained from the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) relationship.
Key findings
A glass transition temperature (Tg), on average 20 °C higher than the predicted Tg (calculated from the Fox equation), was observed in all samples. The structural relaxation was dependent on the preparative methods. At a storage temperature of 40 °C, a comparatively higher molecular mobility was observed in indomethacin–cimetidine samples prepared by ball milling (ln τβ = 0.8), while similar molecular mobility was found for the same sample prepared by quench cooling (ln τβ = 2.4) and co-evaporation (ln τβ = 2.5). In contrast, molecular mobility of the naproxen–cimetidine samples followed the order co-evaporation (ln τβ = 0.8), quench cooling (ln τβ = 1.6) and ball milling (ln τβ = 1.8).
Conclusion
The estimated relaxation times by the DSC-KWW method suggest that different preparative methods resulted in a variation of structural characteristics. Despite the differences in molecular mobility, all sample remained co-amorphous for up to 7 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Wei Lim
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Norman Chieng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Stabilization of proteins in solid form. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 93:14-24. [PMID: 25982818 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of aggregated or otherwise degraded protein delivered from depots or other biopharmaceutical products is an increasing concern, and the ability to deliver stable, active protein is of central importance. We review characterization approaches for solid protein dosage forms with respect to metrics that are intended to be predictive of protein stability against aggregation and other degradation processes. Each of these approaches is ultimately motivated by hypothetical connections between protein stability and the material property being measured. We critically evaluate correlations between these properties and stability outcomes, and use these evaluations to revise the currently standing hypotheses. Based on this we provide simple physical principles that are necessary (and possibly sufficient) for generating solid delivery vehicles with stable protein loads. Essentially, proteins should be strongly coupled (typically through H-bonds) to the bulk regions of a phase-homogeneous matrix with suppressed β relaxation. We also provide a framework for reliable characterization of solid protein forms with respect to stability.
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18
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Dynamics in Polysaccharide Glasses and Their Impact on the Stability of Encapsulated Flavors. FOOD BIOPHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-015-9405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Qian KK, Grobelny PJ, Tyagi M, Cicerone MT. Using the fluorescence red edge effect to assess the long-term stability of lyophilized protein formulations. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1141-9. [PMID: 25786057 DOI: 10.1021/mp500641f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond relaxation processes in sugar matrices are causally linked through diffusional processes to protein stability in lyophilized formulations. Long-term protein degradation rates track mean-squared displacement (⟨u(2)⟩) of hydrogen atoms in sugar glasses, a parameter describing dynamics on a time scale of picoseconds to nanoseconds. However, measurements of ⟨u(2)⟩ are usually performed by neutron scattering, which is not conducive to rapid formulation screening in early development. Here, we present a benchtop technique to derive a ⟨u(2)⟩ surrogate based on the fluorescence red edge effect. Glycerol, lyophilized trehalose, and lyophilized sucrose were used as model systems. Samples containing 10(-6) mole fraction of rhodamine 6G, a fluorophore, were excited at either 532 nm (main peak) or 566 nm (red edge), and the ⟨u(2)⟩ surrogate was determined based the corresponding Stokes shifts. Results showed reasonable agreement between ⟨u(2)⟩ from neutron scattering and the surrogate from fluorescence, although deviations were observed at very low temperatures. We discuss the sources of the deviations and suggest technique improvements to ameliorate these. We expect that this method will be a valuable tool to evaluate lyophilized sugar matrices with respect to their ability to protect proteins from diffusion-limited degradation processes during long-term storage. Additionally, the method may have broader applications in amorphous pharmaceutical solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken K Qian
- †National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Pawel J Grobelny
- ‡University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- †National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Marcus T Cicerone
- †National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Hill JJ, Shalaev EY, Zografi G. The importance of individual protein molecule dynamics in developing and assessing solid state protein preparations. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2605-2614. [PMID: 24867196 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Processing protein solutions into the solid state is a common approach for generating stable amorphous protein mixtures that are suitable for long-term storage. Great care is typically given to protecting the protein native structure during the various drying steps that render it into the amorphous solid state. However, many studies illustrate that chemical and physical degradations still occur in spite of this amorphous material having good glassy properties and it being stored at temperatures below its glass transition temperature (Tg). Because of these persistent issues and recent biophysical studies that have refined the debate ascribing meaning to the molecular dynamical transition temperature and Tg of protein molecules, we provide an updated discussion on the impact of assessing and managing localized, individual protein molecule nondiffusive motions in the context of proteins being prepared into bulk amorphous mixtures. Our aim is to bridge the pharmaceutical studies addressing bulk amorphous preparations and their glassy behavior, with the biophysical studies historically focused on the nondiffusive internal protein dynamics and a protein's activity, along with their combined efforts in assessing the impact of solvent hydrogen-bonding networks on local stability. We also provide recommendations for future research efforts in solid-state formulation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Hill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
| | | | - George Zografi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222
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Devineni D, Gonschorek C, Cicerone MT, Xu Y, Carpenter JF, Randolph TW. Storage stability of keratinocyte growth factor-2 in lyophilized formulations: effects of formulation physical properties and protein fraction at the solid-air interface. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:332-41. [PMID: 24859390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lyophilized formulations of keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) were prepared with a range of disaccharide (sucrose or trehalose) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) mass ratios. Protein degradation was assessed as a function of time of storage of the dried formulations at 40, 50 and 60°C. Lyophilized and stored samples were rehydrated, and protein degradation was quantified by measuring loss of monomeric protein with size exclusion chromatography and by determining chemical degradation in the soluble fraction with reverse-phase chromatography. The secondary structure of the protein in the lyophilized formulations was studied with infrared spectroscopy. The magnitudes of degradation were compared the key physical properties of the formulations including retention of protein native secondary structure, glass transition temperature (Tg), inverse mean square displacements 〈u(2)〉(-1) for hydrogen atoms (fast β relaxation), and the relaxation time τ(β), which correlates with relaxation due to fast Johari-Goldstein motions in the glass (Xu et al., 2013) [1]. In addition, specific surface areas of the lyophilized formulations were determined by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis of krypton adsorption isotherms and used to estimate the fraction of the KGF-2 molecules residing at the solid-air interface. KGF-2 degradation rates were highest in formulations wherein the protein's structure was most perturbed, and wherein β relaxations were fastest, but the dominant factor governing KGF-2 degradation in freeze-dried formulations was the fraction of the protein found at the glass solid-air interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Devineni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Marcus T Cicerone
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yemin Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - John F Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Xu Y, Grobelny P, Von Allmen A, Knudson K, Pikal M, Carpenter JF, Randolph TW. Protein quantity on the air-solid interface determines degradation rates of human growth hormone in lyophilized samples. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1356-66. [PMID: 24623139 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was lyophilized with various glass-forming stabilizers, employing cycles that incorporated various freezing and annealing procedures to manipulate glass formation kinetics, associated relaxation processes, and glass-specific surface areas (SSAs). The secondary structure in the cake was monitored by infrared and in reconstituted samples by circular dichroism. The rhGH concentrations on the surface of lyophilized powders were determined from electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Glass transition temperature (Tg ), SSAs, and water contents were determined immediately after lyophilization. Lyophilized samples were incubated at 323 K for 16 weeks, and the resulting extents of rhGH aggregation, oxidation, and deamidation were determined after rehydration. Water contents and Tg were independent of lyophilization process parameters. Compared with samples lyophilized after rapid freezing, rhGH in samples that had been annealed in frozen solids prior to drying, or annealed in glassy solids after secondary drying retained more native-like protein secondary structure, had a smaller fraction of the protein on the surface of the cake, and exhibited lower levels of degradation during incubation. A simple kinetic model suggested that the differences in the extent of rhGH degradation during storage in the dried state between different formulations and processing methods could largely be ascribed to the associated levels of rhGH at the solid-air interface after lyophilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemin Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
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