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Pasero L, Susa F, Limongi T, Pisano R. A Review on Micro and Nanoengineering in Powder-Based Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124248. [PMID: 38782150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of drugs has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of both lung and systemic diseases. Compared to other drug delivery routes, inhalation offers numerous advantages including high targeting, fewer side effects, and a huge surface area for drug absorption. However, the deposition of drugs in the lungs can be limited by lung defence mechanisms such as mucociliary and macrophages' clearance. Among the delivery devices, dry powder inhalers represent the optimal choice due to their stability, ease of use, and absence of propellants. In the last decades, several bottom-up techniques have emerged over traditional milling to produce inhalable powders. Among these techniques, the most employed ones are spray drying, supercritical fluid technology, spray freeze-drying, and thin film freezing. Inhalable dry powders can be constituted by micronized drugs attached to a coarse carrier (e.g., lactose) or drugs embedded into a micro- or nanoparticle. Particulate-based formulations are commonly composed of polymeric micro- and nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanocrystals, extracellular vesicles, and inorganic nanoparticles. Moreover, engineered formulations including large porous particles, swellable microparticles, nano-in-microparticles, and effervescent nanoparticles have been developed. Particle engineering has also a crucial role in tuning the physical-chemical properties of both carrier-based and carrier-free inhalable powders. This approach can increase powder flowability, deposition, and targeting by customising particle surface features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pasero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Susa
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy; Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 9 P. Giuria Street, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Elsayed MM, Alfagih IM, Brockbank K, Alheibshy F, Aodah AH, Ali R, Almansour K, Shalash AO. Fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: The interplay of particle size and concentration effects. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100251. [PMID: 38799178 PMCID: PMC11127535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The contributions of fine excipient materials to drug dispersibility from carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations are well recognized, although they are not completely understood. To improve the understanding of these contributions, we investigated the influences of the particle size of the fine excipient materials on characteristics of carrier-based DPI formulations. We studied two particle size grades of silica microspheres, with volume median diameters of 3.31 μm and 8.14 μm, as fine excipient materials. Inhalation formulations, each composed of a lactose carrier material, one of the fine excipient materials (2.5% or 15.0% w/w), and a drug (fluticasone propionate) material (1.5% w/w) were prepared. The physical microstructure, the rheological properties, the aerosolization pattern, and the aerodynamic performance of the formulations were studied. At low concentration, the large silica microspheres had a more beneficial influence on the drug dispersibility than the small silica microspheres. At high concentration, only the small silica microspheres had a beneficial influence on the drug dispersibility. The results reveal influences of fine excipient materials on mixing mechanics. At low concentration, the fine particles improved deaggregation and distribution of the drug particles over the surfaces of the carrier particles. The large silica microspheres were associated with a greater mixing energy and a greater improvement in the drug dispersibility than the small silica microspheres. At high concentration, the large silica microspheres kneaded the drug particles onto the surfaces of the carrier particles and thus impaired the drug dispersibility. As a critical attribute of fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations, the particle size demands robust specification setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M.A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman M. Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawaz Alheibshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan H. Aodah
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Elsayed MMA, Alfagih IM, Brockbank K, Aodah AH, Ali R, Almansour K, Shalash AO. Critical attributes of fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: The particle shape and surface properties. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:123966. [PMID: 38452834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The potential of fine excipient materials to improve the aerodynamic performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations is well acknowledged but not fully elucidated. To improve the understanding of this potential, we studied two fine excipient materials: micronized lactose particles and silica microspheres. Inhalation formulations, each composed of a coarse lactose carrier, one of the two fine excipient materials (0.0-15.0 % w/w), and a spray-dried drug (fluticasone propionate) material (1.5 % w/w) were prepared. The physical structure, the flow behavior, the aerosolization behavior, and the aerodynamic performance of the formulations were studied. The two fine excipient materials similarly occupied carrier surface macropores. However, only the micronized lactose particles formed agglomerates and appeared to increase the tensile strength of the formulations. At 2.5 % w/w, the two fine excipient materials similarly improved drug dispersibility, whereas at higher concentrations, the micronized lactose material was more beneficial than the silica microspheres. The findings suggest that fine excipient materials improve drug dispersibility from carrier-based DPI formulations at low concentrations by filling carrier surface macropores and at high concentrations by forming agglomerates and/or enforcing fluidization. The study emphasizes critical attributes of fine excipient materials in carrier-based DPI formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Iman M Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alhassan H Aodah
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Abiona O, Wyatt D, Koner J, Mohammed A. The Optimisation of Carrier Selection in Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation and the Role of Surface Energetics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2707. [PMID: 36359226 PMCID: PMC9687551 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the effects of particle properties on drug-carrier interactions in the preparation of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation, including appropriate mixing technology. The interactive effects of carrier properties on DPI formulation performance make it difficult to establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between any one carrier property and its effect on the performance of a DPI formulation. Alpha lactose monohydrate remains the most widely used carrier for DPI formulations. The physicochemical properties of α-lactose monohydrate particles, such as particle size, shape and solid form, are profoundly influenced by the method of production. Therefore, wide variations in these properties are inevitable. In this review, the role of surface energetics in the optimisation of dry powder inhaler formulations is considered in lactose carrier selection. Several useful lactose particle modification methods are discussed as well as the use of fine lactose and force control agents in formulation development. It is concluded that where these have been investigated, the empirical nature of the studies does not permit early formulation prediction of product performance, rather they only allow the evaluation of final formulation quality. The potential to leverage particle interaction dynamics through the use of an experimental design utilising quantifiable lactose particle properties and critical quality attributes, e.g., surface energetics, is explored, particularly with respect to when a Quality-by-Design approach has been used in optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaitan Abiona
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - David Wyatt
- Aston Particle Technologies Ltd., Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jasdip Koner
- Aston Particle Technologies Ltd., Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Afzal Mohammed
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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Hebbink GA, Jaspers M, Peters HJW, Dickhoff BHJ. Recent developments in lactose blend formulations for carrier-based dry powder inhalation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114527. [PMID: 36070848 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lactose is the most commonly used excipient in carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations. Numerous inhalation therapies have been developed using lactose as a carrier material. Several theories have described the role of carriers in DPI formulations. Although these theories are valuable, each DPI formulation is unique and are not described by any single theory. For each new formulation, a specific development trajectory is required, and the versatility of lactose can be exploited to optimize each formulation. In this review, recent developments in lactose-based DPI formulations are discussed. The effects of varying the material properties of lactose carrier particles, such as particle size, shape, and morphology are reviewed. Owing to the complex interactions between the particles in a formulation, processing adhesive mixtures of lactose with the active ingredient is crucial. Therefore, blending and filling processes for DPI formulations are also reviewed. While the role of ternary agents, such as magnesium stearate, has increased, lactose remains the excipient of choice in carrier-based DPI formulations. Therefore, new developments in lactose-based DPI formulations are crucial in the optimization of inhalable medicine performance.
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Han CS, Kang JH, Kim YJ, Kim DW, Park CW. Inhalable Nano-Dimpled Microspheres Containing Budesonide-PLGA for Improved Aerodynamic Performance. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3405-3419. [PMID: 35945926 PMCID: PMC9357420 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s372582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dry powder inhalations are an attractive pharmaceutical dosage form. They are environmentally friendly, portable, and physicochemical stable compared to other inhalation forms like pressurized metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers. Sufficient drug deposition of DPIs into the deep lung is required to enhance the therapeutic activity. Nanoscale surface roughness in microparticles could improve aerosolization and aerodynamic performance. This study aimed to prepare microspheres with nanoscale dimples and confirm the effect of roughness on inhalation efficiency. Methods The dimpled-surface on microspheres (MSs) was achieved by oil in water (O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation by controlling the stirring rate. The physicochemical properties of MSs were characterized. Also, in vitro aerodynamic performance of MSs was evaluated by particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics. Results The particle image velocimetry results showed that dimpled-surface MSs had better aerosolization, about 20% decreased X-axial velocity, and a variable angle, which could improve the aerodynamic performance. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the dimpled surface of MSs could cause movement away from the bronchial surface, which helps the MSs travel into the deep lung using computational fluid dynamics. Conclusion The dimpled-surface MSs showed a higher fine particle fraction value compared to smooth-surface MSs in the Andersen Cascade Impactor, and surface roughness like dimples on microspheres could improve aerosolization and lung deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Soo Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Woong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Chun-Woong Park, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 194-21, Osongsangmyeong 1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-43-261-3330, Fax +82-43-268-2732, Email
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Almansour K, Ali R, Alheibshy F, Almutairi TJ, Alshammari RF, Alhajj N, Arpagaus C, Elsayed MM. Particle Engineering by Nano Spray Drying: Optimization of Process Parameters with Hydroethanolic versus Aqueous Solutions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040800. [PMID: 35456634 PMCID: PMC9031873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano spray drying has emerged as an outstanding platform for engineering micro- and nanoparticles, with growing applications in various areas of drug delivery. As a new technology involving distinct technical design, parameters of the nano spray drying process are not fully elucidated. In a quality-by-design approach, the aim of the current study was to gain thorough understanding of critical determinants of product characteristics in the Büchi Nano Spray Dryer B-90. Following a factorial experimental design, a series of spray drying experiments were conducted to gain new insights into the influences of the inlet temperature, the spray solvent, and the solute concentration in the spray solution on the yield, the moisture content, and the particle size of the nano spray-dried powder material. Special consideration was given to the potential of using hydroethanolic in comparison with aqueous solvent systems and to particle engineering for pulmonary drug delivery. Lactose and mannitol, widely used as excipients in dry powder inhalation formulations, were used as model materials. Lactose and mannitol are known to spray dry in amorphous and crystalline forms, respectively. The yields of spray drying of lactose and mannitol amounted generally to 71.1 ± 6.6% w/w and 66.1 ± 3.5% w/w, respectively. The spray-dried materials exhibited generally a number-weighted median particle diameter of 1.6 ± 0.2 μm and a volume-weighted median particle diameter of 5.1 ± 1.0 μm. A detailed analysis of the results improved understanding of the interplay between process parameters in the Nano Spray Dryer. The results demonstrate that optimization of spray generation is the key to yield optimization. On the other hand, particle size is determined by the spray mesh pore size and the spray solution degree of saturation. Selection of an appropriate spray solvent and using spray solution additives could optimize spray flow. In parallel, the spray solvent and the solute concentration in the spray solution determine the degree of saturation. Guidance on optimization of particle engineering by nano spray drying is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (F.A.); (T.J.A.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fawaz Alheibshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (F.A.); (T.J.A.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Tariq J. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (F.A.); (T.J.A.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Rakan F. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (F.A.); (T.J.A.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland;
| | - Cordin Arpagaus
- Institute for Energy Systems, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, 9471 Buchs, Switzerland;
| | - Mustafa M.A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (F.A.); (T.J.A.); (R.F.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Babenko M, Alany RG, Calabrese G, Kaialy W, ElShaer A. Development of drug alone and carrier-based GLP-1 dry powder inhaler formulations. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121601. [PMID: 35181460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop two types of dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations containing glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide (GLP-1): carrier-free (drug alone, no excipients) and carrier-based DPI formulations for pulmonary delivery of GLP-1. This is the first study focusing on the development of excipient free GLP-1 DPI formulations for inhaled therapy in Type 2 diabetes. The aerosolisation performance of both DPI formulations was studied using a next generation impactor and a DPI device (Handihaler®) at flow rate of 30 L min-1. Carriers employed were either a 10% w/w glycine-mannitol prepared by spray freeze drying or commercial mannitol. Spray freeze dried (SFD) carrier was spherical and porous whereas commercial mannitol carrier exhibited elongated particles (non-porous). GLP-1 powder without excipients for inhalation was prepared using spray drying and characterised for morphology including size, thermal behaviour, and moisture content. Spray dried (SD) GLP-1 powders showed indented/dimpled particles in the particle size range of 1 to 5 µm (also mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD: <5 µm) suitable for pulmonary delivery. Across formulations investigated, carrier-free DPI formulation showed the highest fine particle fraction (FPF: 90.73% ± 1.76%, mean ± standard deviation) and the smallest MMAD (1.96 µm ± 0.07 µm), however, low GLP-1 delivered dose (32.88% ± 7.00%, total GLP-1 deposition on throat and all impactor stages). GLP-1 delivered dose was improved by the addition of SFD 10% glycine-mannitol carrier to the DPI formulation (32.88% ± 7.00% -> 45.92% ± 5.84%). The results suggest that engineered carrier-based DPI formulations could be a feasible approach to enhance the delivery efficiency of GLP-1. The feasibility of systemic pulmonary delivery of SD GLP-1 for Type 2 diabetes therapy can be further investigated in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Babenko
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE
| | - Raid G Alany
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE; School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gianpiero Calabrese
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE
| | - Waseem Kaialy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universiy of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY
| | - Amr ElShaer
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE.
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Almansour K, Alfagih IM, Shalash AO, Brockbank K, Ali R, Freeman T, Elsayed MMA. Insights into the potential of rheological measurements in development of dry powder inhalation formulations. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121407. [PMID: 34942326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Study of flow is a key to development of dry powder inhalation formulations. Various static (bulk) and dynamic rheological measurements are used to study different aspects of powder flow and packing. Among rheological measurements, the permeability and the fluidization energy are, conceptually, most relevant to dispersion of dry powder inhalation formulations. The aim of the current study was to test the robustness and the range of applications of the two measurements, among other rheological measurements. To this end, we prepared and studied a series of ternary, carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations. The formulations were mixtures of coarse-fine excipient (α-lactose monohydrate) blends, with different fine excipient concentrations (0.0-15.0 % w/w), and a spray-dried drug (fluticasone propionate) material. The excipient blends were characterized in terms of morphology, size, crystallinity and rheological properties. The formulations were evaluated in vitro using a low resistance inhalation device, the Cyclohaler®, and a high resistance inhalation device, the Handihaler®. The study design aimed to complement literature data. Bulk rheological measurements, specifically the bulk density, the compressibility, and the permeability, exhibited satisfactory precision and could demonstrate changes in powder composition and structure. They hold a potential for use as critical material attributes to aid monitoring and optimization of carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations in quality-by-design systems. On the other hand, dynamic rheological measurements, specifically the basic flowability energy, the specific energy, and the fluidization energy, generally exhibited high variability, which obscured interpretation of the measurements and implied heterogeneous powder structures. The fluidization energy could, nevertheless, convey structural changes taking place during powder fluidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman M Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tim Freeman
- Freeman Technology Ltd., Tewkesbury, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Pinto JT, Zellnitz S, Guidi T, Schiaretti F, Schroettner H, Paudel A. Spray-Congealing and Wet-Sieving as Alternative Processes for Engineering of Inhalation Carrier Particles: Comparison of Surface Properties, Blending and In Vitro Performance. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1107-1123. [PMID: 34114162 PMCID: PMC8217042 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditionally, α-lactose monohydrate is the carrier of choice in dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. Nonetheless, other sugars, such as D-mannitol, have emerged as potential alternatives. Herein, we explored different particle engineering processes to produce D-mannitol carriers for inhaled delivery. METHODS Wet-sieving and spray-congealing were employed as innovative techniques to evaluate the impact of engineering on the particle properties of D-mannitol. To that end, the resulting powders were characterized concerning their solid-state, micromeritics and flowability. Afterwards, the engineered carrier particles were blended with inhalable size beclomethasone dipropionate to form low dose (1 wt%) DPI formulations. The in vitro aerosolization performance was evaluated using the NEXThaler®, a reservoir multi-dose device. RESULTS Wet-sieving generated D-mannitol particles with a narrow particle size distribution and spray-congealing free-flowing spherical particles. The more uniform pumice particles with deep voids and clefts of wet-sieved D-mannitol (Pearl300_WS) were beneficial to drug aerosolization, only when used in combination with a ternary agent (10 wt% of 'Preblend'). When compared to the starting material, the spray-congealed D-mannitol has shown to be promising in terms of the relative increase of the fine particle fraction of the drug (around 100%), when used without the addition of ternary agents. CONCLUSIONS The wet-sieving process and the related aerosolization performance are strongly dependent on the topography and structure of the starting material. Spray-congealing, has shown to be a potential process for generating smooth spherical particles of D-mannitol that enhance the in vitro aerosolization performance in binary blends of the carrier with a low drug dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Pinto
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Zellnitz
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomaso Guidi
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., R&D Department, Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Schiaretti
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., R&D Department, Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Hartmuth Schroettner
- Austrian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, TU Graz, Steyrergasse 17/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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11
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Pinto JT, Cachola I, F. Pinto J, Paudel A. Understanding Carrier Performance in Low-Dose Dry Powder Inhalation: An In Vitro -In Silico Approach. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030297. [PMID: 33668317 PMCID: PMC8025906 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to support drug product development has become increasingly popular. The in vitro characterization of the materials of the formulation provides valuable descriptors for the in silico prediction of the drug’s pharmacokinetic profile. Thus, the application of an in vitro–in silico framework can be decisive towards the prediction of the in vivo performance of a new medicine. By applying such an approach, this work aimed to derive mechanistic based insights into the potential impact of carrier particles and powder bulk properties on the in vivo performance of a lactose-based dry powder inhaler (DPI). For this, a PBPK model was developed using salbutamol sulphate (SS) as a model drug and the in vitro performance of its low-dose blends (2% w/w) with different types of lactose particles was investigated using different DPI types (capsule versus reservoir) at distinct airflows. Likewise, the influence of various carrier’s particle and bulk properties, device type and airflow were investigated in silico. Results showed that for the capsule-based device, low-dose blends of SS had a better performance, when smaller carrier particles (Dv0.5 ≈ 50 μm) with about 10% of fines were used. This resulted in a better predicted bioavailability of the drug for all the tested airflows. For the reservoir type DPI, the mean particle size (Dv0.5) was identified as the critical parameter impacting performance. Shear cell and air permeability or compressibility measurements, particle size distribution by pressure titration and the tensile strength of the selected lactose carrier powders were found useful to generate descriptors that could anticipate the potential in vivo performance of the tested DPI blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Pinto
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); (A.P.); Tel.: +43-316-873-30975 (J.T.P.); +43-316-873-30912 (A.P.)
| | - Inês Cachola
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - João F. Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa–Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); (A.P.); Tel.: +43-316-873-30975 (J.T.P.); +43-316-873-30912 (A.P.)
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12
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Spherical agglomerates of lactose as potential carriers for inhalation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 159:11-20. [PMID: 33358941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here on spherical lactose agglomerates as potential carriers for inhalation applications. Micromeritic properties of three spherical lactose agglomerates (SA-A, SA-B, SA-C) and a standard lactose inhalation grade carrier (Lactohale 100; LH100) were evaluated and compared. Ordered mixtures with micronized salbutamol sulfate as the model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and lactose carriers at two drug loadings (2 wt%, 5 wt%) were prepared, and in-vitro aerosolization performance was assessed. The spherical crystallization process led to particles with tailored micromeritic properties. These had larger specific surface area and greater fine fraction < 10 µm, compared to LH100, due to their coarse morphology. Their properties were reflected in the flowability parameters, where two types of spherical agglomerates of lactose showed more cohesive behavior compared to the other lactose grades. Blend uniformity showed improved homogeneous distribution of the API at higher drug load. In-vitro aerosolization tests showed that the spherical agglomerates of lactose enhanced the dose of API, compared to LH100. SA-B and SA-C showed significantly higher fine particle fractions at low drug load compared to the others, whereas overall, the largest fine particle fraction was for SA-B at high drug load. The carrier material attributes related to particle size, specific surface area, compressibility, flowability (cohesion, flow function), and air permeability were critical for aerosolization performance.
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13
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Almansour K, Alfagih IM, Ali R, Elsayed MM. Inhalable microparticles containing terbinafine for management of pulmonary fungal infections: Spray drying process engineering using lactose vs. mannitol as excipients. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Aziz S, Scherlieβ R, Steckel H. Development of High Dose Oseltamivir Phosphate Dry Powder for Inhalation Therapy in Viral Pneumonia. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1154. [PMID: 33261071 PMCID: PMC7760073 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oseltamivir phosphate (OP) is an antiviral drug available only as oral therapy for the treatment of influenza and as a potential treatment option when in combination with other medication in the fight against the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. In this study, OP was formulated as a dry powder for inhalation, which allows drug targeting to the site of action and potentially reduces the dose, aiming a more efficient therapy. Binary formulations were based on micronized excipient particles acting like diluents, which were blended with the drug OP. Different excipient types, excipient ratios, and excipient size distributions were prepared and examined. To investigate the feasibility of delivering high doses of OP in a single dose, 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 drug/diluent blending ratios have been prepared. Subsequently, the aerosolization performance was evaluated for all prepared formulations by cascade impaction using a novel medium-resistance capsule-based inhaler (UNI-Haler). Formulations with micronized trehalose showed relatively excellent aerosolization performance with highest fine-particle doses in comparison to examined lactose, mannitol, and glucose under similar conditions. Focusing on the trehalose-based dry-powder inhalers' (DPIs) formulations, a physicochemical characterization of extra micronized grade trehalose in relation to the achieved performance in dispersing OP was performed. Additionally, an early indication of inhaled OP safety on lung cells was noted by the viability MTT assay utilizing Calu-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Regina Scherlieβ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;
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15
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Zhang X, Yue X, Cui Y, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Cai S, Wang G, Wang W, Hugh S, Pan X, Wu C, Tan W. A Systematic Safety Evaluation of Nanoporous Mannitol Material as a Dry-Powder Inhalation Carrier System. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1692-1702. [PMID: 31987851 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For carrier-based dry-powder inhaler (DPI) formulations, the adhesion between carrier particles and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) particles have a significant influence on the aerosolization performance of the API-carrier complexes and the desired detachment of the API for efficient pulmonary delivery. In our previous study, nanoporous mannitol material was successfully fabricated as carriers by a one-step nonorganic solvent spray drying method with the thermal degradation of ammonium carbonate. These carriers were shown to achieve excellent aerosolization performance. In addition, no residue of ammonium carbonate was detected on the powder surface. However, the safety of nanoporous mannitol carriers (Nano-PMCs) during pulmonary administration/delivery was still unknown because the lung is vulnerable to the inhaled particles. To address this question, the present study was conducted to construct a systematic safety evaluation for DPIs carriers to investigate the safety of Nano-PMCs in the whole inhalation, which would make up for the lack of detailed and standardized method in this field. In vitro safety evaluation was carried out using respiratory and pulmonary cytotoxicity tests, hemolysis assay, and ciliotoxicity test. In vivo safety evaluation was studied by measuring inflammatory indicators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, assessing the pulmonary function and observing pulmonary pathological changes. Nano-PMCs showed satisfactory biocompatibility on respiratory tracts and lungs in vitro and in vivo. It was suggested that Nano-PMCs were safe for intrapulmonary delivery and potential as DPI carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yingtong Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443 Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Shihao Cai
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Guanlin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Smyth Hugh
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, P. R. China
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16
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Della Bella A, Müller M, Danani A, Soldati L, Bettini R. Effect of Lactose Pseudopolymorphic Transition on the Aerosolization Performance of Drug/Carrier Mixtures. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110576. [PMID: 31689975 PMCID: PMC6920796 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physico-chemical properties of lactose are key factors in adhesive mixtures used as dry powder inhaler (DPI). Despite the abundant literature on this topic, the effect of the polymorphism and pseudo-polymorphism of lactose has been seldom investigated and discussed although often lactose used in DPI is subjected to unit operations, which may alter its solid-state properties. Here, we studied the aerosolization performance of salbutamol sulphate (SS) or budesonide (BUD) formulations by investigating the effect of lactose pseudopolymorphism in ternary (coarse lactose/fine lactose/drug) and binary (coarse lactose/drug) mixtures. An improvement of the aerosolization performance of SS formulations with the increase of the amount of fine micronized lactose up to 30% (fine particle fraction (FPF) = 57%) was observed. Micronized lactose contained hygroscopic anhydrous α-lactose, which converted to α-lactose monohydrate at ambient conditions. This implied that the positive effect of fines on the aerosolization performance decreased and eventually disappeared with the formulation aging. Positive effect on SS deposition was observed also with binary mixtures with anhydrous lactose, whereas the opposite occurred with budesonide-containing formulations. The collected data demonstrated the crucial role of the carrier crystal form on the positive effect of fines on the deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Müller
- Micro-Sphere S.A., Ponte Cremenaga, 6996 Monteggio, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Danani
- Istituto Delle Molle di Studi Sull'Intelligenza Artificiale, Scuola Universitaria Professionale Della Svizzera Italiana, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.
| | - Luciano Soldati
- Micro-Sphere S.A., Ponte Cremenaga, 6996 Monteggio, Switzerland.
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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17
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Microstructural characterization of carrier-based dry powder inhalation excipients: Insights and guidance. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118482. [PMID: 31260786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in development of dry powder inhalation (DPI) products raises a need for development of standard testing methods and specifications for DPI excipients. The pharmaceutical industry, meanwhile, yet lacks compendial guidance on this topic. Despite of the complexity of interactions taking place in DPI systems and the large number and variety of interplaying factors, understanding of key determinants of performance (critical quality attributes) of DPI excipients have considerably developed over the past years. In light of the current knowledge in this area, this article provides technical guidance and insights on testing and quality control of carrier-based-DPI excipients. These excipients are, typically, blends of coarse, carrier particles and fine, performance-modulating particles. The article explores techniques used for measurement of key microstructural attributes, namely the particle size distribution, the porosity and the particle surface roughness, the particle shape, rheological properties, and the permeability, of these excipients. The technical relevance of each measurement to the functionality of the excipients is critically discussed. In this regard, caveats concerning use of some measurements and data analysis procedures are raised. The guidance lends itself for compendial adoption.
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18
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Zellnitz S, Roblegg E, Pinto J, Fröhlich E. Delivery of Dry Powders to the Lungs: Influence of Particle Attributes from a Biological and Technological Point of View. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:180-194. [PMID: 30360739 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181024143249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers are medical devices used to deliver powder formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients via oral inhalation to the lungs. Drug particles, from a biological perspective, should reach the targeted site, dissolve and permeate through the epithelial cell layer in order to deliver a therapeutic effect. However, drug particle attributes that lead to a biological activity are not always consistent with the technical requirements necessary for formulation design. For example, small cohesive drug particles may interact with neighbouring particles, resulting in large aggregates or even agglomerates that show poor flowability, solubility and permeability. To circumvent these hurdles, most dry powder inhalers currently on the market are carrier-based formulations. These formulations comprise drug particles, which are blended with larger carrier particles that need to detach again from the carrier during inhalation. Apart from blending process parameters, inhaler type used and patient's inspiratory force, drug detachment strongly depends on the drug and carrier particle characteristics such as size, shape, solid-state and morphology as well as their interdependency. This review discusses critical particle characteristics. We consider size of the drug (1-5 µm in order to reach the lung), solid-state (crystalline to guarantee stability versus amorphous to improve dissolution), shape (spherical drug particles to avoid macrophage clearance) and surface morphology of the carrier (regular shaped smooth or nano-rough carrier surfaces for improved drug detachment.) that need to be considered in dry powder inhaler development taking into account the lung as biological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zellnitz
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joana Pinto
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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19
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Rudén J, Frenning G, Bramer T, Thalberg K, An J, Alderborn G. Linking carrier morphology to the powder mechanics of adhesive mixtures for dry powder inhalers via a blend-state model. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:148-160. [PMID: 30825556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how the carrier morphology affects the expression of blend states in adhesive mixtures as a function of surface coverage ratio (SCR) and to identify where transitions between the different states occur. Adhesive mixtures of five lactose carriers with varying contents of lactose fines, corresponding to blends with different SCR ranging from 0 to 6, were produced by low-shear mixing. The powder mechanics of the mixtures were characterized by bulk density, compressibility and permeability. The appearance of the carriers and blends was studied by scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The size and morphology of the carriers had a crucial impact on the evolution of the blend state, and affected the powder mechanical properties of the mixtures. It was found that smaller carriers with little or no surface irregularities were more sensitive to additions of fines resulting in self-agglomeration of fines at relatively low SCR values. On the contrary, carriers with irregular surface structures and larger sizes were able to reach higher SCR values before self-agglomeration of fines occurred. This could be attributed to an increased deagglomeration efficiency of irregular and larger carriers and to fines predominantly adhering to open pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rudén
- Department of Pharmacy and the Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Göran Frenning
- Department of Pharmacy and the Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Bramer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kyrre Thalberg
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Junxue An
- Department of Pharmacy and the Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Alderborn
- Department of Pharmacy and the Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Novel dry powder inhaler formulation containing antibiotic using combined technology to improve aerodynamic properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:20-27. [PMID: 30016647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) could offer a propellant-free, easy-to-use powder form ensuring better stability than liquid dosage forms. Therefore the development of traditional carrier-based and carrier-free new generation systems is a determinative factor in the field of DPI formulation. The purpose of our research work was to combine these two systems, utilizing their beneficial properties to produce a novel pulmonary drug delivery system containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP). Co-spray drying, surface smoothing and the preparation of an interactive physical mixture were applied as the technological procedures of sample preparation. The carrier-based and carrier-free formulations, as well as the developed novel product were compared to each other. Structural investigations were made by X-ray powder diffraction and micrometric properties (habit, bulk density) were determined. Particle interactions were also evaluated to investigate surface free energy, cohesive-adhesive forces, and spreading coefficient. In vitro aerodynamic properties (mass median aerodynamic diameter), fine particle fraction (FPF) and emitted dose of DPIs were measured using Andersen Cascade Impactor. A novel in silico Stochastic Lung Model was also used to quantify the amount of particles deposited at the target area. The novel-formulated composition presented amorphous spherical particles with an average size of about 2 μm. The in vitro aerodynamic investigations showed a variance in FPF as a function of formulation method (carrier-based: 24%, carrier-free: 54% and applying the novel combination method: 63%). The in silico deposition results were in line with the in vitro measurements and yielded increased lung doses for the sample prepared by the combined technology. This novel DPI formulation provides an opportunity for a more effective therapy with deeper deposition of CIP.
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21
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Modeling the performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: Where are we, and how to get there? J Control Release 2018; 279:251-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pinto JT, Zellnitz S, Guidi T, Roblegg E, Paudel A. Assessment of Dry Powder Inhaler Carrier Targeted Design: A Comparative Case Study of Diverse Anomeric Compositions and Physical Properties of Lactose. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2827-2839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Pinto
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Zellnitz
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tomaso Guidi
- R&D Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Largo F. Belloli 11/A, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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23
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Shalash AO, Khalafallah NM, Molokhia AM, Elsayed MMA. The Relationship Between the Permeability and the Performance of Carrier-Based Dry Powder Inhalation Mixtures: New Insights and Practical Guidance. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:912-922. [PMID: 29063377 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The permeability of a powder bed reflects its particle size distribution, shape, packing, porosity, cohesivity, and tensile strength in a manner relevant to powder fluidization. The relationship between the permeability and the performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) mixtures has, however, aroused controversy. The current study sought to gain new insights into the relationship and to explore its potential applications. We studied eight lactose materials as DPI carriers. The carriers covered a broad permeability range of 0.42-13.53 D and moreover differed in particle size distribution, particle shape, crystal form, and/or porosity. We evaluated the performance of inhalation mixtures of each of these carriers and fluticasone propionate after aerosolization from an Aerolizer®, a model turbulent-shear inhaler, at a flow rate of 60 L/min. Starting from the high permeability side, the inhalation mixture performance increased as the carrier permeability decreased until optimum performance was reached at permeability of ~ 3.2 D. Increased resistance to air flow strengthens aerodynamic dispersion forces. The inhalation mixture performance then decreased as the carrier permeability further decreased. Very high resistance to air flow restricts powder dispersion. The permeability accounted for effects of carrier size, shape, and macroporosity on the performance. We confirmed the relationship by analysis of two literature permeability-performance datasets, representing measurements that differ from ours in terms of carrier grades, drug, technique used to determine permeability, turbulent-shear inhaler, and/or aerosolization flow rate. Permeability provides useful information that can aid development of DPI mixtures for turbulent-shear inhalers. A practical guidance is provided.
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Zhang C, Gong L, Mao Q, Han P, Lu X, Qu J. Laccase immobilization and surface modification of activated carbon fibers by bio-inspired poly-dopamine. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14414-14421. [PMID: 35540792 PMCID: PMC9079870 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01265b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new synthesis method for modifying activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by dopamine with oxidation-based self-polymerization (DA-ACFs). In addition, laccase was immobilized on the surface of unmodified ACFs (L-ACFs) and DA-ACFs (LDA-ACFs) via cross-linking after being incubated for 12 h at 5 °C. The surface composition and microstructure of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared reflection and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The optimized laccase concentration for preparing the samples was 2.0 g L−1. The results demonstrated that the successful poly-dopamine modification increased the catalytic abilities of the ACFs in terms of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Compared with free laccase, the immobilized laccase exhibited significantly higher relative activity over a pH range of 3.5–6.5 and a temperature range of 30–60 °C; the thermo-stability increased, and 50% relative activity of the LDA-ACFs remained after 5 h at 55 °C. After six cycles of reuse, the relative activity of LDA-ACFs remained ≥60%, compared to 40% activity remaining for L-ACFs, and long-term storage stability was demonstrated. Moreover, the kinetic parameters (Km) of the two immobilized laccases were both higher than that of free laccase, whereas the maximum velocities (Vmax) were lower. These results indicate that the DA-ACFs are economical, simple, and efficient carries for enzyme immobilization, and can be suitable for further biotechnology and environmental applications. In this study, we developed a new synthesis method for modifying activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by dopamine with oxidation-based self-polymerization (DA-ACFs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Zhang
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
- College of Textile and Garment
| | - Lili Gong
- Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province
- Nantong 226007
- PR China
| | - Qinghui Mao
- College of Textile and Garment
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226019
- PR China
| | - Pingfang Han
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Xiaoping Lu
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Jiangang Qu
- College of Textile and Garment
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226019
- PR China
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Shalash AO, Elsayed MMA. A New Role of Fine Excipient Materials in Carrier-Based Dry Powder Inhalation Mixtures: Effect on Deagglomeration of Drug Particles During Mixing Revealed. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2862-2870. [PMID: 28421352 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of fine excipient materials to improve the performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation mixtures is well acknowledged. The mechanisms underlying this potential are, however, open to question till date. Elaborate understanding of these mechanisms is a requisite for rational rather than empirical development of ternary dry powder inhalation mixtures. While effects of fine excipient materials on drug adhesion to and detachment from surfaces of carrier particle have been extensively investigated, effects on other processes, such as carrier-drug mixing, capsule/blister/device filling, or aerosolization in inhaler devices, have received little attention. We investigated the influence of fine excipient materials on the outcome of the carrier-drug mixing process. We studied the dispersibility of micronized fluticasone propionate particles after mixing with α-lactose monohydrate blends comprising different fine particle concentrations. Increasing the fine (D < 10.0 μm) excipient fraction from 1.84 to 8.70% v/v increased the respirable drug fraction in the excipient-drug mixture from 56.42 to 67.80% v/v (p < 0.05). The results suggest that low concentrations of fine excipient particles bind to active sites on and fill deep crevices in coarse carrier particles. As the concentration of fine excipient particles increases beyond that saturating active sites, they fill the spaces between and adhere to the surfaces of coarse carrier particles, creating projections and micropores. They thereby promote deagglomeration of drug particles during carrier-drug mixing. The findings pave the way for a comprehensive understanding of contributions of fine excipient materials to the performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation mixtures.
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