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Wang L, Dugovic C, Yun S, White A, Lord B, Dvorak C, Liu C, Lovenberg T, Bonaventure P. Putative role of GPR139 on sleep modulation using pharmacological and genetic rodent models. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173256. [PMID: 32531213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
GPR139 is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in circumventricular regions of the habenula and septum. Amino acids L-tryptophan and L-phenylalanine have been shown to activate GPR139 at physiologically relevant concentrations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of GPR139 on sleep modulation using pharmacological and genetic (GPR139 knockout mice, KO) rodent models. To evaluate the effects of GPR139 pharmacological activation on sleep, rats were orally dosed with the selective GPR139 agonist JNJ-63533054 (3-30 mg/kg). When acutely administered at the beginning of the light phase, the GPR139 agonist dose-dependently reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) latency and increased NREM sleep duration without altering rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This effect progressively dissipated upon 7-day repeated dosing, suggesting functional desensitization. Under baseline conditions, GPR139 KO mice spent less time in REM sleep compared to their wild type littermates during the dark phase, whereas NREM sleep was not altered. Under conditions of pharmacologically enhanced monoamine endogenous tone, GPR139 KO mice showed a blunted response to citalopram or fluoxetine induced REM sleep suppression and an attenuated response to the wake promoting effect of amphetamine. These findings indicate an emerging role of GPR139 in the modulation of sleep states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine Dugovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sujin Yun
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Allison White
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian Lord
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Curt Dvorak
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Changlu Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Lovenberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Hartsock MJ, Spencer RL. Memory and the circadian system: Identifying candidate mechanisms by which local clocks in the brain may regulate synaptic plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:134-162. [PMID: 32712278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is an endogenous biological network responsible for coordinating near-24-h cycles in behavior and physiology with daily timing cues from the external environment. In this review, we explore how the circadian system regulates memory formation, retention, and recall. Circadian rhythms in these memory processes may arise through several endogenous pathways, and recent work highlights the importance of genetic timekeepers found locally within tissues, called local clocks. We evaluate the circadian memory literature for evidence of local clock involvement in memory, identifying potential nodes for direct interactions between local clock components and mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Our discussion illustrates how local clocks may pervasively modulate neuronal plastic capacity, a phenomenon that we designate here as circadian metaplasticity. We suggest that this function of local clocks supports the temporal optimization of memory processes, illuminating the potential for circadian therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hartsock
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
| | - Robert L Spencer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
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Brain Microdialysate Monoamines in Relation to Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Sleep Deprivation - a Systematic Review, Network Meta-analysis, and New Primary Data. J Circadian Rhythms 2019; 17:1. [PMID: 30671123 PMCID: PMC6337052 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the monoaminergic system, e.g. by sleep deprivation (SD), seems to promote certain diseases. Assessment of monoamine levels over the circadian cycle, during different sleep stages and during SD is instrumental to understand the molecular dynamics during and after SD. To provide a complete overview of all available evidence, we performed a systematic review. A comprehensive search was performed for microdialysis and certain monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline), certain monoamine metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)) and a precursor (5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)) in PubMed and EMBASE. After screening of the search results by two independent reviewers, 94 publications were included. All results were tabulated and described qualitatively. Network-meta analyses (NMAs) were performed to compare noradrenaline and serotonin concentrations between sleep stages. We further present experimental monoamine data from the medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC). Monoamine levels varied with brain region and circadian cycle. During sleep, monoamine levels generally decreased compared to wake. These qualitative observations were supported by the NMAs: noradrenaline and serotonin levels decreased from wakefulness to slow wave sleep and decreased further during Rapid Eye Movement sleep. In contrast, monoamine levels generally increased during SD, and sometimes remained high even during subsequent recovery. Decreases during or after SD were only reported for serotonin. In our experiment, SD did not affect any of the mPFC monoamine levels. Concluding, monoamine levels vary over the light-dark cycle and between sleep stages. SD modifies the patterns, with effects sometimes lasting beyond the SD period.
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Takahashi T, Noriaki S, Matsumura M, Li C, Takahashi K, Nishino S. Advances in pharmaceutical treatment options for narcolepsy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1521267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Takahashi
- Stanford University Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sakai Noriaki
- Stanford University Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mari Matsumura
- Stanford University Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chenyu Li
- Stanford University Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kayo Takahashi
- Stanford University Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Stanford University Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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de Biase S, Nilo A, Gigli GL, Valente M. Investigational therapies for the treatment of narcolepsy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:953-963. [PMID: 28726523 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1356819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by a pentad of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, and disturbed nocturnal sleep. While non-pharmacological treatments are sometimes helpful, more than 90% of narcoleptic patients require a pharmacological treatment. Areas covered: The present review is based on an extensive Internet and PubMed search from 1994 to 2017. It is focused on drugs currently in development for the treatment of narcolepsy. Expert opinion: Currently there is no cure for narcolepsy, with treatment focusing on symptoms control. However, these symptomatic treatments are often unsatisfactory. The research is leading to a better understanding of narcolepsy and its symptoms. New classes of compounds with possible applications in the development of novel stimulant/anticataplectic medications are described. H3 receptor antagonists represent a new therapeutic option for EDS in narcolepsy. JZP-110, with its distinct mechanism of action, would be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of EDS in the coming years. In the future, hypocretin-based therapies and immune-based therapies, could modify the clinical course of the disease. However, more information would be necessary to completely understand the autoimmune process and also how this process can be altered for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano de Biase
- a Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences , University of Udine Medical School , Udine , Italy
| | - Annacarmen Nilo
- a Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences , University of Udine Medical School , Udine , Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- a Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences , University of Udine Medical School , Udine , Italy.,b Department of Neurosciences , "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital Udine , Udine , Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- a Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences , University of Udine Medical School , Udine , Italy.,b Department of Neurosciences , "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital Udine , Udine , Italy
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Abstract
Narcolepsy is a life-long, underrecognized sleep disorder that affects 0.02%-0.18% of the US and Western European populations. Genetic predisposition is suspected because of narcolepsy's strong association with HLA DQB1*06-02, and genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms in T-cell receptor loci. Narcolepsy pathophysiology is linked to loss of signaling by hypocretin-producing neurons; an autoimmune etiology possibly triggered by some environmental agent may precipitate hypocretin neuronal loss. Current treatment modalities alleviate the main symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) and cataplexy and, to a lesser extent, reduce nocturnal sleep disruption, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Sodium oxybate (SXB), a sodium salt of γ hydroxybutyric acid, is a first-line agent for cataplexy and EDS and may help sleep disruption, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Various antidepressant medications including norepinephrine serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants are second-line agents for treating cataplexy. In addition to SXB, modafinil and armodafinil are first-line agents to treat EDS. Second-line agents for EDS are stimulants such as methylphenidate and extended-release amphetamines. Emerging therapies include non-hypocretin-based therapy, hypocretin-based treatments, and immunotherapy to prevent hypocretin neuronal death. Non-hypocretin-based novel treatments for narcolepsy include pitolisant (BF2.649, tiprolisant); JZP-110 (ADX-N05) for EDS in adults; JZP 13-005 for children; JZP-386, a deuterated sodium oxybate oral suspension; FT 218 an extended-release formulation of SXB; and JNJ-17216498, a new formulation of modafinil. Clinical trials are investigating efficacy and safety of SXB, modafinil, and armodafinil in children. γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) modulation with GABAA receptor agonists clarithromycin and flumazenil may help daytime somnolence. Other drugs investigated include GABAB agonists (baclofen), melanin-concentrating hormone antagonist, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Hypocretin-based therapies include hypocretin peptide replacement administered either through an intracerebroventricular route or intranasal route. Hypocretin neuronal transplant and transforming stem cells into hypothalamic neurons are also discussed in this article. Immunotherapy to prevent hypocretin neuronal death is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien C Abad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford University Outpatient Center, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Christian Guilleminault
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Sleep Medicine, Stanford University Outpatient Center, Redwood City, CA, USA
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Riddy DM, Cook AE, Diepenhorst NA, Bosnyak S, Brady R, Mannoury la Cour C, Mocaer E, Summers RJ, Charman WN, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Langmead CJ. Isoform-Specific Biased Agonism of Histamine H3 Receptor Agonists. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:87-99. [PMID: 27864425 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) is subject to extensive gene splicing that gives rise to a large number of functional and nonfunctional isoforms. Despite the general acceptance that G protein-coupled receptors can adopt different ligand-induced conformations that give rise to biased signaling, this has not been studied for the H3R; further, it is unknown whether splice variants of the same receptor engender the same or differential biased signaling. Herein, we profiled the pharmacology of histamine receptor agonists at the two most abundant hH3R splice variants (hH3R445 and hH3R365) across seven signaling endpoints. Both isoforms engender biased signaling, notably for 4-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-1H-imidazole (proxyfan) [e.g., strong bias toward phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) via the full-length receptor] and its congener 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl-(4-iodophenyl)-methyl ether (iodoproxyfan), which are strongly consistent with the former's designation as a "protean" agonist. The 80 amino acid IL3 deleted isoform hH3R365 is more permissive in its signaling than hH3R445: 2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl imidothiocarbamate (imetit), proxyfan, and iodoproxyfan were all markedly biased away from calcium signaling, and principal component analysis of the full data set revealed divergent profiles for all five agonists. However, most interesting was the identification of differential biased signaling between the two isoforms. Strikingly, hH3R365 was completely unable to stimulate GSK3β phosphorylation, an endpoint robustly activated by the full-length receptor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative example of differential biased signaling via isoforms of the same G protein-coupled receptor that are simultaneously expressed in vivo and gives rise to the possibility of selective pharmacological targeting of individual receptor splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Anna E Cook
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Natalie A Diepenhorst
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Sanja Bosnyak
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Ryan Brady
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Clotilde Mannoury la Cour
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Mocaer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
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8
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Millan MJ, Rivet JM, Gobert A. The frontal cortex as a network hub controlling mood and cognition: Probing its neurochemical substrates for improved therapy of psychiatric and neurological disorders. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1099-1128. [PMID: 27756833 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116672342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The highly-interconnected and neurochemically-rich frontal cortex plays a crucial role in the regulation of mood and cognition, domains disrupted in depression and other central nervous system disorders, and it is an important site of action for their therapeutic control. For improving our understanding of the function and dysfunction of the frontal cortex, and for identifying improved treatments, quantification of extracellular pools of neuromodulators by microdialysis in freely-moving rodents has proven indispensable. This approach has revealed a complex mesh of autoreceptor and heteroceptor interactions amongst monoaminergic pathways, and led from selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors to novel classes of multi-target drugs for treating depression like the mixed α2-adrenoceptor/5-HT reuptake inhibitor, S35966, and the clinically-launched vortioxetine and vilazodone. Moreover, integration of non-monoaminergic actions resulted in the discovery and development of the innovative melatonin receptor agonist/5-HT2C receptor antagonist, Agomelatine. Melatonin levels, like those of corticosterone and the "social hormone", oxytocin, can now be quantified by microdialysis over the full 24 h daily cycle. Further, the introduction of procedures for measuring extracellular histamine and acetylcholine has provided insights into strategies for improving cognition by, for example, blockade of 5-HT6 and/or dopamine D3 receptors. The challenge of concurrently determining extracellular levels of GABA, glutamate, d-serine, glycine, kynurenate and other amino acids, and of clarifying their interactions with monoamines, has also been resolved. This has proven important for characterizing the actions of glycine reuptake inhibitors that indirectly augment transmission at N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, and of "glutamatergic antidepressants" like ketamine, mGluR5 antagonists and positive modulators of AMPA receptors (including S47445). Most recently, quantification of the neurotoxic proteins Aβ42 and Tau has extended microdialysis studies to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, and another frontier currently being broached is microRNAs. The present article discusses the above themes, focusses on recent advances, highlights opportunities for clinical "translation", and suggests avenues for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Pole for Therapeutic Innovation in CNS disorders, IDR Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Michel Rivet
- Pole for Therapeutic Innovation in CNS disorders, IDR Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Alain Gobert
- Pole for Therapeutic Innovation in CNS disorders, IDR Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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Multi-target therapeutics for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1886-1914. [PMID: 27506871 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Historically, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease treatments focused on the 'magic bullet' concept; however multi-targeted strategies are increasingly attractive gauging from the escalating research in this area. Because these diseases are typically co-morbid, multi-targeted drugs capable of interacting with multiple targets will expand treatment to the co-morbid disease condition. Despite their theoretical efficacy, there are significant impediments to clinical success (e.g., difficulty titrating individual aspects of the drug and inconclusive pathophysiological mechanisms). The new and revised diagnostic frameworks along with studies detailing the endophenotypic characteristics of the diseases promise to provide the foundation for the circumvention of these impediments. This review serves to evaluate the various marketed and nonmarketed multi-targeted drugs with particular emphasis on their design strategy.
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10
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Khanfar MA, Affini A, Lutsenko K, Nikolic K, Butini S, Stark H. Multiple Targeting Approaches on Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:201. [PMID: 27303254 PMCID: PMC4884744 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the very recent market approval of pitolisant (Wakix®), the interest in clinical applications of novel multifunctional histamine H3 receptor antagonists has clearly increased. Since histamine H3 receptor antagonists in clinical development have been tested for a variety of different indications, the combination of pharmacological properties in one molecule for improved pharmacological effects and reduced unwanted side-effects is rationally based on the increasing knowledge on the complex neurotransmitter regulations. The polypharmacological approaches on histamine H3 receptor antagonists on different G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes as well as on NO-signaling mechanism are described, supported with some lead structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khanfar
- Stark Lab, Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet DuesseldorfDuesseldorf, Germany; Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of JordanAmman, Jordan
| | - Anna Affini
- Stark Lab, Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kiril Lutsenko
- Stark Lab, Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Holger Stark
- Stark Lab, Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf Duesseldorf, Germany
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Letavic MA, Aluisio L, Apodaca R, Bajpai M, Barbier AJ, Bonneville A, Bonaventure P, Carruthers NI, Dugovic C, Fraser IC, Kramer ML, Lord B, Lovenberg TW, Li LY, Ly KS, Mcallister H, Mani NS, Morton KL, Ndifor A, Nepomuceno SD, Pandit CR, Sands SB, Shah CR, Shelton JE, Snook SS, Swanson DM, Xiao W. Novel benzamide-based histamine h3 receptor antagonists: the identification of two candidates for clinical development. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:450-4. [PMID: 25893048 DOI: 10.1021/ml5005156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical characterization of novel phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methanones that are histamine H3 receptor antagonists is described. The compounds described are high affinity histamine H3 antagonists. Optimization of the physical properties of these histamine H3 antagonists led to the discovery of several promising lead compounds, and extensive preclinical profiling aided in the identification of compounds with optimal duration of action for wake promoting activity. This led to the discovery of two development candidates for Phase I and Phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Letavic
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Leah Aluisio
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Richard Apodaca
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Manoj Bajpai
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ann J. Barbier
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anne Bonneville
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nicholas I. Carruthers
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christine Dugovic
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ian C. Fraser
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle L. Kramer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Timothy W. Lovenberg
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lilian Y. Li
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kiev S. Ly
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Heather Mcallister
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Neelakandha S. Mani
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kirsten L. Morton
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anthony Ndifor
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - S. Diane Nepomuceno
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chennagiri R. Pandit
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Steven B. Sands
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chandra R. Shah
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Shelton
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sandra S. Snook
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Devin M. Swanson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wei Xiao
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Lord B, Aluisio L, Shoblock JR, Neff RA, Varlinskaya EI, Ceusters M, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers N, Bonaventure P, Letavic MA, Deak T, Drinkenburg W, Bhattacharya A. Pharmacology of a novel central nervous system-penetrant P2X7 antagonist JNJ-42253432. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:628-41. [PMID: 25271258 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, the ATP-gated Purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7) is expressed in glial cells and modulates neurophysiology via release of gliotransmitters, including the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. In this study, we characterized JNJ-42253432 [2-methyl-N-([1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)cyclohexyl]methyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5-carboxamide] as a centrally permeable (brain-to-plasma ratio of 1), high-affinity P2X7 antagonist with desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for in vivo testing in rodents. JNJ-42253432 is a high-affinity antagonist for the rat (pKi 9.1 ± 0.07) and human (pKi 7.9 ± 0.08) P2X7 channel. The compound blocked the ATP-induced current and Bz-ATP [2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5'-triphosphate tri(triethylammonium)]-induced release of IL-1β in a concentration-dependent manner. When dosed in rats, JNJ-42253432 occupied the brain P2X7 channel with an ED50 of 0.3 mg/kg, corresponding to a mean plasma concentration of 42 ng/ml. The compound blocked the release of IL-1β induced by Bz-ATP in freely moving rat brain. At higher doses/exposure, JNJ-42253432 also increased serotonin levels in the rat brain, which is due to antagonism of the serotonin transporter (SERT) resulting in an ED50 of 10 mg/kg for SERT occupancy. JNJ-42253432 reduced electroencephalography spectral power in the α-1 band in a dose-dependent manner; the compound also attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. JNJ-42253432 significantly increased both overall social interaction and social preference, an effect that was independent of stress induced by foot-shock. Surprisingly, there was no effect of the compound on either neuropathic pain or inflammatory pain behaviors. In summary, in this study, we characterize JNJ-42253432 as a novel brain-penetrant P2X7 antagonist with high affinity and selectivity for the P2X7 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lord
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Leah Aluisio
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - James R Shoblock
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Robert A Neff
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Elena I Varlinskaya
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Marc Ceusters
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Timothy W Lovenberg
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Nicholas Carruthers
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Michael A Letavic
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Terrence Deak
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Wilhelmus Drinkenburg
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (B.L., L.A., J.R.S., R.A.N., T.W.L., N.C., P.B., M.A.L., A.B.); Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium (M.C., W.D.); and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, New York (E.I.V., T.D.)
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13
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On 'polypharmacy' and multi-target agents, complementary strategies for improving the treatment of depression: a comparative appraisal. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1009-37. [PMID: 23719026 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a heterogeneous disorder, both in terms of symptoms, ranging from anhedonia to cognitive impairment, and in terms of pathogenesis, with many interacting genetic, epigenetic, developmental and environmental causes. Accordingly, it seems unlikely that depressive states could be fully controlled by a drug possessing one discrete mechanism of action and, in the wake of disappointing results with several classes of highly selective agent, multi-modal treatment concepts are attracting attention. As concerns pharmacotherapy, there are essentially two core strategies. First, multi-target antidepressants that act via two or more complementary mechanisms and, second, polypharmacy, which refers to co-administration of two distinct drugs, usually in separate pills. Both multi-target agents and polypharmacy ideally couple a therapeutically unexploited action to a clinically established mechanism in order to enhance efficacy, moderate side-effects, accelerate onset of action and treat a broader range of symptoms. The melatonin MT1/MT2 agonist and 5-HT(2C) antagonist, agomelatine, which is effective in the short- and long-term treatment of depression, exemplifies the former approach, while evidence-based polypharmacy is illustrated by the adjunctive use of second-generation antipsychotics with serotonin reuptake inhibitors for treatment of resistant depression. Histone acetylation and methylation, ghrelin signalling, inflammatory modulators, metabotropic glutamate-7 receptors and trace amine-associated-1 receptors comprise attractive substrates for new multi-target and polypharmaceutical strategies. The present article outlines the rationale underpinning multi-modal approaches for treating depression, and critically compares and contrasts the pros and cons of established and potentially novel multi-target vs. polypharmaceutical treatments. On balance, the former appear the most promising for the elaboration, development and clinical implementation of innovative concepts for the more effective management of depression.
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De la Herrán-Arita AK, García-García F. Current and emerging options for the drug treatment of narcolepsy. Drugs 2014; 73:1771-81. [PMID: 24122734 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-013-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency (now called type 1 narcolepsy) is a lifelong neurologic disorder with well-established diagnostic criteria and etiology. Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and symptoms of dissociated rapid eye movement sleep such as cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone), hypnagogic hallucinations (sensory events that occur at the transition from wakefulness to sleep), sleep paralysis (inability to perform movements upon wakening or sleep onset), and nocturnal sleep disruption. As these symptoms are often disabling, most patients need life-long treatment. The treatment of narcolepsy is well defined, and, traditionally, amphetamine-like stimulants (i.e., dopaminergic release enhancers) have been used for clinical management to improve EDS and sleep attacks, whereas tricyclic antidepressants have been used as anticataplectics. However, treatments have evolved to better-tolerated compounds such as modafinil or armodafinil (for EDS) and adrenergic/serotonergic selective reuptake inhibitors (as anticataplectics). In addition, night-time administration of a short-acting sedative, c-hydroxybutyrate (sodium oxybate), has been used for the treatment for EDS and cataplexy. These therapies are almost always needed in combination with non-pharmacologic treatments (i.e., behavioral modification). A series of new drugs is currently being tested in animal models and in humans. These include a wide variety of hypocretin agonists, melanin- concentrating hormone receptor antagonists, antigenspecific immunopharmacology, and histamine H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists (e.g., pitolisant), which have been proposed for specific therapeutic applications, including the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, and more recently, narcolepsy. Even though current treatment is strictly symptomatic, based on the present state of knowledge of the pathophysiology of narcolepsy, we expect that more pathophysiology-based treatments will be available in the near future.
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Nikolic K, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Stark H. Procognitive properties of drugs with single and multitargeting H3 receptor antagonist activities. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:613-23. [PMID: 24836924 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3 R) is an important modulator of numerous central control mechanisms. Novel lead optimizations for H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists involved studies of structure-activity relationships, cross-affinities, and pharmacokinetic properties of promising ligands. Blockade of inhibitory histamine H3 autoreceptors reinforces histaminergic transmission, while antagonism of H3 heteroreceptors accelerates the corticolimbic liberation of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The H3 R positioned at numerous neurotransmission crossroads indicates therapeutic applications of small-molecule H3 R modulators in a number of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases with various clinical candidates available. Dual target drugs displaying H3 R antagonism/inverse agonism with inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT), or serotonin transporter (SERT) are novel class of procognitive agents. Main chemical diversities, pharmacophores, and pharmacological profiles of procognitive agents acting as H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists and dual H3 R antagonists/inverse agonists with inhibiting activity on AChE, HMT, or SERT are highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Nikolic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Lord B, Wintmolders C, Langlois X, Nguyen L, Lovenberg T, Bonaventure P. Comparison of the ex vivo receptor occupancy profile of ketamine to several NMDA receptor antagonists in mouse hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:21-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Galeotti N, Sanna MD, Ghelardini C. Pleiotropic effect of histamine H4 receptor modulation in the central nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2013; 71:141-7. [PMID: 23583928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is expressed primarily on cells involved in inflammation and immune responses. Recently, it has been reported the functional expression of H4R within neurons of the central nervous system, but their role has been poorly understood. The present study aimed to elucidate the physiopathological role of cerebral H4R in animal models by the intracerebroventricular administration of the H4R agonist VUF 8430 (20-40 μg per mouse). Selectivity of results was confirmed by the prevention of the effects produced by the H4R antagonist JNJ 10191584 (3-9 mg/kg p.o.). Neuronal H4R activation induced acute thermal antinociception, indicating that neuronal histamine H4R might be involved in the production of antinociception in the absence of an inflammatory process. An anxiolytic-like effect of intensity comparable to that exerted by diazepam, used as reference drug, was produced in the light-dark box test. VUF 8430 reversed the scopolamine-induced amnesia in the passive avoidance test and showed anorexant activity in food deprived mice. Conversely, the H4R activation did not modify the immobility time in the tail suspension test. Rotarod performance test was employed to demonstrate that the effects observed following the administration of VUF 8430 and JNJ 10191584 were not due to impaired motor function of animals. Furthermore, both compounds did not alter spontaneous mobility and exploratory activity in the hole board test. These results show the antinociceptive, antiamnesic, anxiolytic and anorexant effects induced by neuronal H4R agonism, suggesting that H4 modulators may have broader utility further the control of inflammatory and immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Florence, Italy.
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18
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Zhou D, Gross JL, Adedoyin AB, Aschmies SB, Brennan J, Bowlby M, Di L, Kubek K, Platt BJ, Wang Z, Zhang G, Brandon N, Comery TA, Robichaud AJ. 2-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one Derivatives as Potent and Selective Histamine-3 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2452-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300011d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Zhou
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton,
Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Gross
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
| | - Adedayo B. Adedoyin
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
| | - Suzan B. Aschmies
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
| | - Julie Brennan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
| | - Mark Bowlby
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
| | - Li Di
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton,
Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Katie Kubek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
| | - Brian J. Platt
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
| | - Zheng Wang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton,
Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicholas Brandon
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton,
Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas A. Comery
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton,
Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Albert J. Robichaud
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CN 8000, Princeton, New Jersey
08543, United States
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Bourdet DL, Tsuruda PR, Obedencio GP, Smith JAM. Prediction of Human Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporter Occupancy of Duloxetine by Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling in the Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:137-45. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.188417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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20
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Kristensen AS, Andersen J, Jørgensen TN, Sørensen L, Eriksen J, Loland CJ, Strømgaard K, Gether U. SLC6 neurotransmitter transporters: structure, function, and regulation. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:585-640. [PMID: 21752877 DOI: 10.1124/pr.108.000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) belonging to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) gene family (also referred to as the neurotransmitter-sodium-symporter family or Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent transporters) comprise a group of nine sodium- and chloride-dependent plasma membrane transporters for the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the amino acid neurotransmitters GABA and glycine. The SLC6 NTTs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain and play an essential role in regulating neurotransmitter signaling and homeostasis by mediating uptake of released neurotransmitters from the extracellular space into neurons and glial cells. The transporters are targets for a wide range of therapeutic drugs used in treatment of psychiatric diseases, including major depression, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. Furthermore, psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines have the SLC6 NTTs as primary targets. Beginning with the determination of a high-resolution structure of a prokaryotic homolog of the mammalian SLC6 transporters in 2005, the understanding of the molecular structure, function, and pharmacology of these proteins has advanced rapidly. Furthermore, intensive efforts have been directed toward understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in regulation of the activity of this important class of transporters, leading to new methodological developments and important insights. This review provides an update of these advances and their implications for the current understanding of the SLC6 NTTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders S Kristensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Bonaventure P, Aluisio L, Shoblock J, Boggs JD, Fraser IC, Lord B, Lovenberg TW, Galici R. Pharmacological blockade of serotonin 5-HT₇ receptor reverses working memory deficits in rats by normalizing cortical glutamate neurotransmission. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20210. [PMID: 21701689 PMCID: PMC3119073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of 5-HT₇ receptor has been demonstrated in various animal models of mood disorders; however its function in cognition remains largely speculative. This study evaluates the effects of SB-269970, a selective 5-HT₇ antagonist, in a translational model of working memory deficit and investigates whether it modulates cortical glutamate and/or dopamine neurotransmission in rats. The effect of SB-269970 was evaluated in the delayed non-matching to position task alone or in combination with MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, and, in separate experiments, with scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist. SB-269970 (10 mg/kg) significantly reversed the deficits induced by MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) but augmented the deficit induced by scopolamine (0.06 mg/kg). The ability of SB-269970 to modulate MK-801-induced glutamate and dopamine extracellular levels was separately evaluated using biosensor technology and microdialysis in the prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats. SB-269970 normalized MK-801 -induced glutamate but not dopamine extracellular levels in the prefrontal cortex. Rat plasma and brain concentrations of MK-801 were not affected by co-administration of SB-269970, arguing for a pharmacodynamic rather than a pharmacokinetic mechanism. These results indicate that 5-HT₇ receptor antagonists might reverse cognitive deficits associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction by selectively normalizing glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bonaventure
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California, United States of America.
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Selective blockade of the orexin-2 receptor attenuates ethanol self-administration, place preference, and reinstatement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 215:191-203. [PMID: 21181123 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Orexin-1 receptor antagonists have been shown to block the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and food. However, whether blockade of orexin-2 receptor has similar effects has not been determined. We have recently described the in vitro and in vivo effects of JNJ-10397049, a selective and brain penetrant orexin-2 receptor antagonist. OBJECTIVE The goal of these studies was to evaluate whether systemic administration of JNJ-10397049 blocks the rewarding effects of ethanol and reverses ethanol withdrawal in rodents. As a comparison, SB-408124, a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist, was also evaluated. METHODS Rats were trained to orally self-administer ethanol (8% v/v) or saccharin (0.1% v/v) under a fixed-ratio 3 schedule of reinforcement. A separate group of rats received a liquid diet of ethanol (8% v/v) and withdrawal signs were evaluated 4 h after ethanol discontinuation. In addition, ethanol-induced increases in extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens were tested. In separate experiments, the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated in mice. RESULTS Our results indicate that JNJ-10397049 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, sc) dose-dependently reduced ethanol self-administration without changing saccharin self-administration, dopamine levels, or withdrawal signs in rats. Treatment with JNJ-10397049 (10 mg/kg, sc) attenuated the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of ethanol CPP and ethanol-induced hyperactivity in mice. Surprisingly, SB-408124 (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, sc) did not have any effect in these procedures. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results indicate, for the first time, that blockade of orexin-2 receptors is effective in reducing the reinforcing effects of ethanol.
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Galici R, Rezvani AH, Aluisio L, Lord B, Levin ED, Fraser I, Boggs J, Welty N, Shoblock JR, Motley ST, Letavic MA, Carruthers NI, Dugovic C, Lovenberg TW, Bonaventure P. JNJ-39220675, a novel selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, reduces the abuse-related effects of alcohol in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 214:829-41. [PMID: 21086115 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A few recent studies suggest that brain histamine levels and signaling via H(3) receptors play an important role in modulation of alcohol stimulation and reward in rodents. OBJECTIVE The present study characterized the effects of a novel, selective, and brain penetrant H(3) receptor antagonist (JNJ-39220675) on the reinforcing effects of alcohol in rats. METHODS The effect of JNJ-39220675 on alcohol intake and alcohol relapse-like behavior was evaluated in selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats using the standard two-bottle choice method. The compound was also tested on operant alcohol self administration in non-dependent rats and on alcohol-induced ataxia using the rotarod apparatus. In addition, alcohol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens was tested in freely moving rats. RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of the selective H(3) receptor antagonist dose-dependently reduced both alcohol intake and preference in alcohol-preferring rats. JNJ-39220675 also reduced alcohol preference in the same strain of rats following a 3-day alcohol deprivation. The compound significantly and dose-dependently reduced alcohol self-administration without changing saccharin self-administration in alcohol non-dependent rats. Furthermore, the compound did not change the ataxic effects of alcohol, alcohol elimination rate, nor alcohol-induced dopamine release in nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that blockade of H(3) receptor should be considered as a new attractive mechanism for the treatment of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Galici
- Bristol Myers-Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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Berlin M, Boyce CW, de Lera Ruiz M. Histamine H3 Receptor as a Drug Discovery Target. J Med Chem 2010; 54:26-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berlin
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Christopher W. Boyce
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Manuel de Lera Ruiz
- Chemical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Łażewska D, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Recent advances in histamine H3receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1147-69. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.509346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Hansen KB, Mullasseril P, Dawit S, Kurtkaya NL, Yuan H, Vance KM, Orr AG, Kvist T, Ogden KK, Le P, Vellano KM, Lewis I, Kurtkaya S, Du Y, Qui M, Murphy TJ, Snyder JP, Bräuner-Osborne H, Traynelis SF. Implementation of a fluorescence-based screening assay identifies histamine H3 receptor antagonists clobenpropit and iodophenpropit as subunit-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 333:650-62. [PMID: 20197375 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.166256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a slow, Ca(2+)-permeable component of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and play a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity, neuronal development, and several neurological diseases. We describe a fluorescence-based assay that measures NMDA receptor-mediated changes in intracellular calcium in a BHK-21 cell line stably expressing NMDA receptor NR2D with NR1 under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter (Tet-On). The assay selectively identifies allosteric modulators by using supramaximal concentrations of glutamate and glycine to minimize detection of competitive antagonists. The assay is validated by successfully identifying known noncompetitive, but not competitive NMDA receptor antagonists among 1800 screened compounds from two small focused libraries, including the commercially available library of pharmacologically active compounds. Hits from the primary screen are validated through a secondary screen that used two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings on recombinant NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This strategy identified several novel modulators of NMDA receptor function, including the histamine H3 receptor antagonists clobenpropit and iodophenpropit, as well as the vanilloid receptor transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine. These compounds are noncompetitive antagonists and the histamine H3 receptor ligand showed submicromolar potency at NR1/NR2B NMDA receptors, which raises the possibility that compounds can be developed that act with high potency on both glutamate and histamine receptor systems simultaneously. Furthermore, it is possible that some actions attributed to histamine H3 receptor inhibition in vivo may also involve NMDA receptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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27
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Miller TR, Milicic I, Bauch J, Du J, Surber B, Browman KE, Marsh K, Cowart M, Brioni JD, Esbenshade TA. Use of the H3 receptor antagonist radioligand [3H]-A-349821 to reveal in vivo receptor occupancy of cognition enhancing H3 receptor antagonists. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:139-49. [PMID: 19413577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The histamine H3 receptor antagonist radioligand [3H]-A-349821 was characterized as a radiotracer for assessing in vivo receptor occupancy by H3 receptor antagonists that affect behaviour. This model was established as an alternative to ex vivo binding methods, for relating antagonist H3 receptor occupancy to blood levels and efficacy in preclinical models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vivo cerebral cortical H3 receptor occupancy by [3H]-A-349821 was determined in rats from differences in [3H]-A-349821 levels in the isolated cortex and cerebellum, a brain region with low levels of H3 receptors. Comparisons were made to relate antagonist H3 receptor occupancy to blood levels and efficacy in a preclinical model of cognition, the five-trial inhibitory avoidance response in rat pups. KEY RESULTS In adult rats, [3H]-A-349821, 1.5 microg x kg(-1), penetrated into the brain and cleared more rapidly from cerebellum than cortex; optimally, [3H]-A-349821 levels were twofold higher in the latter. With increasing [3H]-A-349821 doses, cortical H3 receptor occupancy was saturable with a binding capacity consistent with in vitro binding in cortex membranes. In studies using tracer [3H]-A-349821 doses, ABT-239 and other H3 receptor antagonists inhibited H3 receptor occupancy by [3H]-A-349821 in a dose-dependent manner. Blood levels of the antagonists corresponding to H3 receptor occupancy were consistent with blood levels associated with efficacy in the five-trial inhibitory avoidance response. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS When employed as an occupancy radiotracer, [3H]-A-349821 provided valid measurements of in vivo H3 receptor occupancy, which may be helpful in guiding and interpreting clinical studies of H3 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Miller
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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JNJ-10181457, a selective non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonist, normalizes acetylcholine neurotransmission and has efficacy in translational rat models of cognition. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56:1131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Qu Y, Aluisio L, Lord B, Boggs J, Hoey K, Mazur C, Lovenberg T. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of norfluoxetine in rats: Increasing extracellular serotonin level in the frontal cortex. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 92:469-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gemkow MJ, Davenport AJ, Harich S, Ellenbroek BA, Cesura A, Hallett D. The histamine H3 receptor as a therapeutic drug target for CNS disorders. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:509-15. [PMID: 19429511 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Dugovic C, Shelton JE, Aluisio LE, Fraser IC, Jiang X, Sutton SW, Bonaventure P, Yun S, Li X, Lord B, Dvorak CA, Carruthers NI, Lovenberg TW. Blockade of orexin-1 receptors attenuates orexin-2 receptor antagonism-induced sleep promotion in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 330:142-51. [PMID: 19363060 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.152009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins are peptides produced by lateral hypothalamic neurons that exert a prominent role in the maintenance of wakefulness by activating orexin-1 (OX1R) and orexin-2 (OX2R) receptor located in wake-active structures. Pharmacological blockade of both receptors by the dual OX1/2R antagonist (2R)-2-[(1S)-6,7-dimethoxy-1-{2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-N-methyl-2-phenylethanamide (almorexant) has been shown to promote sleep in animals and humans during their active period. However, the selective distribution of OX1R and OX2R in distinct neuronal circuits may result in a differential impact of these receptors in sleep-wake modulation. The respective role of OX1R and OX2R on sleep in correlation with monoamine release was evaluated in rats treated with selective antagonists alone or in combination. When administered in either phase of the light/dark cycle, the OX2R antagonist 1-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-3-[(4S,5S)-2,2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]urea (JNJ-10397049) decreased the latency for persistent sleep and increased nonrapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep time. Almorexant produced less hypnotic activity, whereas the OX1R antagonist 1-(6,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-4-yl)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]urea (SB-408124) had no effect. Microdialysis studies showed that either OX2R or OX1/2R antagonism decreased extracellular histamine concentration in the lateral hypothalamus, whereas both OX1R and OX1/2R antagonists increased dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex. Finally, coadministration of the OX1R with the OX2R antagonist greatly attenuated the sleep-promoting effects of the OX2R antagonist. These results indicate that blockade of OX2R is sufficient to initiate and prolong sleep, consistent with the hypothesis of a deactivation of the histaminergic system. In addition, it is suggested that simultaneous inhibition of OX1R attenuates the sleep-promoting effects mediated by selective OX2R blockade, possibly correlated with dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dugovic
- Neuroscience, Johnson & Johnson PRD, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Millan MJ. Dual- and triple-acting agents for treating core and co-morbid symptoms of major depression: novel concepts, new drugs. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:53-77. [PMID: 19110199 PMCID: PMC5084256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade of efforts to find improved treatment for major depression has been dominated by genome-driven programs of rational drug discovery directed toward highly selective ligands for nonmonoaminergic agents. Selective drugs may prove beneficial for specific symptoms, for certain patient subpopulations, or both. However, network analyses of the brain and its dysfunction suggest that agents with multiple and complementary modes of action are more likely to show broad-based efficacy against core and comorbid symptoms of depression. Strategies for improved multitarget exploitation of monoaminergic mechanisms include triple inhibitors of dopamine, serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline reuptake, and drugs interfering with feedback actions of monoamines at inhibitory 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B) and possibly 5-HT(5A) and 5-HT(7) receptors. Specific subsets of postsynaptic 5-HT receptors mediating antidepressant actions are under study (e.g., 5-HT(4) and 5-HT(6)). Association of a clinically characterized antidepressant mechanism with a nonmonoaminergic component of activity is an attractive strategy. For example, agomelatine (a melatonin agonist/5-HT(2C) antagonist) has clinically proven activity in major depression. Dual neurokinin(1) antagonists/5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and melanocortin(4) antagonists/SRIs should display advantages over their selective counterparts, and histamine H(3) antagonists/SRIs, GABA(B) antagonists/SRIs, glutamatergic/SRIs, and cholinergic agents/SRIs may counter the compromised cognitive function of depression. Finally, drugs that suppress 5-HT reuptake and blunt hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocorticotrophic axis overdrive, or that act at intracellular proteins such as GSK-3beta, may abrogate the negative effects of chronic stress on mood and neuronal integrity. This review discusses the discovery and development of dual- and triple-acting antidepressants, focusing on novel concepts and new drugs disclosed over the last 2 to 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Psychopharmacology Department, Institut du Recherches Servier, Centre de Recherches de Croissy, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Histamine is a transmitter in the nervous system and a signaling molecule in the gut, the skin, and the immune system. Histaminergic neurons in mammalian brain are located exclusively in the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus and send their axons all over the central nervous system. Active solely during waking, they maintain wakefulness and attention. Three of the four known histamine receptors and binding to glutamate NMDA receptors serve multiple functions in the brain, particularly control of excitability and plasticity. H1 and H2 receptor-mediated actions are mostly excitatory; H3 receptors act as inhibitory auto- and heteroreceptors. Mutual interactions with other transmitter systems form a network that links basic homeostatic and higher brain functions, including sleep-wake regulation, circadian and feeding rhythms, immunity, learning, and memory in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut L Haas
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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In-vitro and in-vivo characterization of JNJ-7925476, a novel triple monoamine uptake inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 587:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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The histamine H3 receptor: an attractive target for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1166-81. [PMID: 18469850 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor, first described in 1983 as a histamine autoreceptor and later shown to also function as a heteroreceptor that regulates the release of other neurotransmitters, has been the focus of research by numerous laboratories as it represents an attractive drug target for a number of indications including cognition. The purpose of this review is to acquaint the reader with the current understanding of H3 receptor localization and function as a modulator of neurotransmitter release and its effects on cognitive processes, as well as to provide an update on selected H3 antagonists in various states of preclinical and clinical advancement. Blockade of centrally localized H3 receptors by selective H3 receptor antagonists has been shown to enhance the release of neurotransmitters such as histamine, ACh, dopamine and norepinephrine, among others, which play important roles in cognitive processes. The cognitive-enhancing effects of H3 antagonists across multiple cognitive domains in a wide number of preclinical cognition models also bolster confidence in this therapeutic approach for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. However, although a number of clinical studies examining the efficacy of H3 receptor antagonists for a variety of cognitive disorders are currently underway, no clinical proof of concept for an H3 receptor antagonist has been reported to date. The discovery of effective H3 antagonists as therapeutic agents for the novel treatment of cognitive disorders will only be accomplished through continued research efforts that further our insights into the functions of the H3 receptor.
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Ly KS, Letavic MA, Keith JM, Miller JM, Stocking EM, Barbier AJ, Bonaventure P, Lord B, Jiang X, Boggs JD, Dvorak L, Miller KL, Nepomuceno D, Wilson SJ, Carruthers NI. Synthesis and biological activity of piperazine and diazepane amides that are histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sander K, Kottke T, Stark H. Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists Go to Clinics. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2163-81. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Tim Kottke
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Holger Stark
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
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