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Tao L, Dou R, Chen X, Cao Y, Dai Z, Hu Z, Ma Z, Ge X, Zhang L, Wang X. Oroxyloside protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by inhibiting ER stress via PPARγ activation. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:307-317. [PMID: 38658094 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a prevalent form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), may result from immune system dysfunction, leading to the sustained overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cellular oxidative stress damage. Recent studies have identified both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as critical targets for the treatment of IBD. Oroxyloside (C22H20O11), derived from the root of Scutellariabaicalensis Georgi, has traditionally been used in treating inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which oroxyloside mitigates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. We examined the effects of oroxyloside on ROS-mediated ER stress in colitis, including the protein expressions of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP, which are associated with ER stress. The beneficial impact of oroxyloside was reversed by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (1 mg·kg-1, i.v.) in vivo. Furthermore, oroxyloside decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS production in both bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. However, PPARγ siRNA transfection blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of oroxyloside and even abolished ROS generation and ER stress activation inhibited by oroxyloside in vitro. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that oroxyloside ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting ER stress via PPARγ activation, suggesting that oroxyloside might be a promising effective agent for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Renjie Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoming Ge
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Liang D, Liu L, Zhao Y, Luo Z, He Y, Li Y, Tang S, Tang J, Chen N. Targeting extracellular matrix through phytochemicals: a promising approach of multi-step actions on the treatment and prevention of cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186712. [PMID: 37560476 PMCID: PMC10407561 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal and dynamic role in the construction of tumor microenvironment (TME), becoming the focus in cancer research and treatment. Multiple cell signaling in ECM remodeling contribute to uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance of cancer. Targeting trilogy of ECM remodeling could be a new strategy during the early-, middle-, advanced-stages of cancer and overcoming drug resistance. Currently nearly 60% of the alternative anticancer drugs are derived from natural products or active ingredients or structural analogs isolated from plants. According to the characteristics of ECM, this manuscript proposes three phases of whole-process management of cancer, including prevention of cancer development in the early stage of cancer (Phase I); prevent the metastasis of tumor in the middle stage of cancer (Phase II); provide a novel method in the use of immunotherapy for advanced cancer (Phase III), and present novel insights on the contribution of natural products use as innovative strategies to exert anticancer effects by targeting components in ECM. Herein, we focus on trilogy of ECM remodeling and the interaction among ECM, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and sort out the intervention effects of natural products on the ECM and related targets in the tumor progression, provide a reference for the development of new drugs against tumor metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyi Luo
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yadi He
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xu Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Sun Y, Liu J, Luo C, Yang J, Fang W, Guo Q, Wei L. AFP deletion leads to anti-tumorigenic but pro-metastatic roles in liver cancers with concomitant CTNNB1 mutations. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216240. [PMID: 37217071 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
HCC remains one of the most prevalent and deadliest cancers. Serum AFP level is a biomarker for clinical diagnosis of HCC, instead the contribution of AFP to HCC development is clearly highly complex. Here, we discussed the effect of AFP deletion in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. AFP deletion in HepG2 cells inhibited the cell proliferation by inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling. Surprisingly, AFP KO HepG2 cells appeared the increasing metastatic capacity and EMT phenotype, which was attributed to the activation of WNT5A/β-catenin signal. Further studies revealed that the activating mutations of CTNNB1 was closely related with the unconventional pro-metastatic roles of AFP deletion. Consistently, the results of DEN/CCl4-induced HCC mouse model also suggested that AFP knockout suppressed the growth of HCC primary tumors, but promoted lung metastasis. Despite the discordant effect of AFP deletion in HCC progression, a drug candidate named OA showed the potent suppression of HCC tumor growth by interrupting AFP-PTEN interaction and, importantly, reduced the lung metastasis of HCC via angiogenesis suppression. Thus, this study demonstrates an unconventional effect of AFP in HCC progression, and suggests a potent candidate strategy for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Tripod Preclinincal Research Laboratories Co., Ltd., No. 9 Xinglong Road, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuening Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Tuli HS, Garg VK, Kumar A, Aggarwal D, Anand U, Parashar NC, Saini AK, Mohapatra RK, Dhama K, Kumar M, Singh T, Kaur J, Sak K. Anticancer potential of oroxylin A: from mechanistic insight to synergistic perspectives. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:191-212. [PMID: 36214865 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oroxylin A (OA), a well-known constituent of the root of Scutellariae plants, has been used in ethnomedicine already for centuries in treating various neoplastic disorders. However, only recent molecular studies have revealed the different mechanisms behind its action, demonstrating antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and proapoptotic effects, restricting also the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. A variety of cellular targets and modulated signal transduction pathways regulated by OA have been determined in diverse cells derived from different malignant tissues. In this review article, these anticancer activities are thoroughly described, representing OA as a potential lead structure for the design of novel more potent anticancer medicines. In addition, co-effects of this natural compound with conventional anticancer agents are analyzed and the advantages provided by nanotechnological methods for more efficient application of OA are discussed. In this way, OA might represent an excellent example of using ethnopharmacological knowledge for designing modern medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar , 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, 758002, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala 134007, Haryana, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Modulation of diverse oncogenic signaling pathways by oroxylin A: An important strategy for both cancer prevention and treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154369. [PMID: 35985182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of major advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies, cancer is still a foreboding cause due to factors like chemoresistance, radioresistance, adverse side effects and cancer recurrence. Therefore, continuous development of unconventional approaches is a prerequisite to overcome foregoing glitches. Natural products have found their way into treatment of serious health conditions, including cancer since ancient times. The compound oroxylin A (OA) is one among those with enormous potential against different malignancies. It is a flavonoid obtained from the several plants such as Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis and S. lateriflora, Anchietea pyrifolia, and Aster himalaicus. PURPOSE The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively elucidate the anticancerous effects of OA against various malignancies and unravel their chemosensitization and radiosensitization potential. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of OA have also been investigated. METHOD The literature on antineoplastic effects of OA was searched in PubMed and Scopus, including in vitro and in vivo studies and is summarized based on a systematic review protocol prepared according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The term "oroxylin A" was used in combination with "cancer" and all the title, abstracts and keywords appeared were considered. RESULTS In Scopus, a total of 157 articles appeared out of which 103 articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria were eliminated and 54 were critically evaluated. In PubMed, from the 85 results obtained, 26 articles were eliminated and 59 were included in the preparation of this review. Mounting number of studies have illustrated the anticancer effects of OA, and its mechanism of action. CONCLUSION OA is a promising natural flavonoid possessing wide range of pleiotropic properties and is a potential anticancer agent. It has a great potential in the treatment of multiple cancers including brain, breast, cervical, colon, esophageal, gall bladder, gastric, hematological, liver, lung, oral, ovarian, pancreatic and skin. However, lack of pharmacokinetic studies, toxicity assessments, and dose standardization studies and adverse effects limit the optimization of this compound as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Girisa S, Devanarayanan TN, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sil SK, Sethi G, Chen JT, Kunnumakkara AB. Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091185. [PMID: 36139025 PMCID: PMC9496116 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been magnificent advancements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of chronic diseases over the past several years, but these diseases continue to be a considerable cause of death worldwide. Most of the approved medications available for the prevention and treatment of these diseases target only a single gene/protein/pathway and are known to cause severe side effects and are less effective than they are anticipated. Consequently, the development of finer therapeutics that outshine the existing ones is far-reaching. Natural compounds have enormous applications in curbing several disastrous and fatal diseases. Oroxylin A (OA) is a flavonoid obtained from the plants Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis, and S. lateriflora, which have distinctive pharmacological properties. OA modulates the important signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, ERK1/2, Wnt/β-catenin, PTEN/PI3K/Akt, and signaling molecules, such as TNF-α, TGF-ꞵ, MMPs, VEGF, interleukins, Bcl-2, caspases, HIF-1α, EMT proteins, Nrf-2, etc., which play a pivotal role in the molecular mechanism of chronic diseases. Overwhelming pieces of evidence expound on the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer potentials of this flavonoid, which makes it an engrossing compound for research. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies also displayed the promising potential of OA against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, neurological disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, etc. Therefore, the current review focuses on delineating the role of OA in combating different chronic diseases and highlighting the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Thulasidharan Nair Devanarayanan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Center, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Samir Kumar Sil
- Cell Physiology and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-T.C.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Correspondence: (J.-T.C.); (A.B.K.)
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Oroxylin A inhibits the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing NAG-1 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:724-734. [PMID: 34117368 PMCID: PMC8888648 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent liver cancer, is considered one of the most lethal malignancies with a dismal outcome mainly due to frequent intrahepatic and distant metastasis. In the present study, we demonstrated that oroxylin A, a natural product extracted from Scutellaria radix, significantly inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in HCC. Oroxylin A blocked the TGF-β1/Smad signaling via upregulating the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) expression. Oroxylin A promoted NAG-1 transcription by regulating the acetylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor that binds to the NAG-1 promoter. In terms of the underlying mechanism, oroxylin A may interact with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) by forming hydrogen bonds with GLY149 residue and induce proteasome-mediated degradation of HDAC1 subsequently impairing HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of C/EBPβ and promoting the expression of NAG-1. Taken together, our findings revealed a previously unknown tumor-suppressive mechanism of oroxylin A. Oroxylin A should be further investigated as a potential clinical candidate for inhibiting HCC metastasis.
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Zhang Y, Weng Q, Chen J, Li M, Han J. Oroxylin A attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammatory reaction via inhibiting the activation of the ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:388. [PMID: 33680110 PMCID: PMC7918508 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degradation of the articular cartilage, synovium inflammation, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation. OA is the most common degenerative joint disorder among the elderly population. In particular, currently available therapeutic strategies, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may cause severe side-effects. Therefore, novel candidate targets for OA therapy are urgently needed. Oroxylin A (OrA) is a natural mono-flavonoid that can be extracted from Scutellariae radix. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of OrA on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced chondrocytes inflammatory reactions. The current study performed quantitative PCR, western blotting and cell immunofluorescence to evaluate the effect of Oroxylin A in chondrocyte inflammation. The results demonstrated that OrA significantly attenuated the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 by IL-1β at both protein and mRNA levels. IL-1β-stimulated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13 expression, in addition to disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5 expression, were all inhibited by OrA. Treatment with OrA significantly reversed the degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan by IL-1β. Mechanistically, OrA suppressed the IL-1β induced activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In conclusion, these findings suggest that OrA can serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Weng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Spine, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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Xuan L, Zhang J, Ji J, Hu J, Li F. Oroxylin A Exerts Its Antitumor Effects in Human Gallbladder Cancer via Inhibition of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1511-1518. [PMID: 32999161 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is one of the most common carcinomas of the biliary tract and is associated with aggressive malignancy and poor prognosis. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, are not sufficient for the treatment of GBC, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The antitumor effects of oroxylin A (OrA), a natural flavonoid extracted from the dried roots of medicinal plants such as Scutellariae species (Radix Scutellariae), have been widely reported in various cancers. In this study, we first evaluated the antitumor activity and the underlying mechanism of action of OrA on GBC cells in vitro. Our results revealed that OrA significantly attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBC cells, simultaneously promoting their apoptosis. Suppression of the phosphate on and tension homology deleted chromosome ten (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway was found to be the underlying mechanism involved in the antitumor activity of OrA. In addition, experiments using a tumor xenograft mouse model confirmed the antitumor effects of OrA in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that OrA could be a potential antitumor agent for the prospective treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Xuan
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jianmei Ji
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Cholangio-pancreatic Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Cholangio-pancreatic Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Li ZH, Zhou Y, Ding YX, Guo QL, Zhao L. Roles of integrin in tumor development and the target inhibitors. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:241-251. [PMID: 31076128 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrin is a large family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which involves in the interaction of cells/cells and cells/ extracellular matrix (ECM) to mediate cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, etc. In recent years, aberrant expression of integrin has been clearly found in many tumor studies, indicating that integrin is closely related to tumor formation and development. Meanwhile, it has effects on tumor cell differentiation, cell migration, proliferation and tumor neovascularization. The study of drugs targeting integrins is of great significance for the clinical treatment of tumors. Because of its important role in tumorigenesis and development, integrin has become a promising target for the treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the role of integrin in tumor development and the current state of integrin inhibitors to provide a valuable reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - You-Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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Hemantha HP, Ramanujam R, Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K. An unambiguous and practical synthesis of Oroxylin A: a commonly misidentified flavone. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1413-1420. [PMID: 31402703 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1650359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A, a major flavonoid in the extracts of Oroxylum indicum as well as Scutellaria baicalensis possesses useful medicinal properties. Many of the published routes claiming the synthesis of Oroxylin A (1) have in fact led to a regioisomer Negletein that was misinterpreted as Oroxylin A. In the present work, we describe a novel, straight-forward and scalable semi-synthetic approach for rapid access to the title compound, the structure of which is unambiguously secured by NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis of a derivative. This work also encompasses the synthesis of a glycosylated derivative of Oroxylin A viz OAGME (2), which has marked pharmacological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Ltd, Bangalore, India.,Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, New Jersey, USA
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12
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Oroxylin A Suppresses the Cell Proliferation, Migration, and EMT via NF- κB Signaling Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9241769. [PMID: 31341911 PMCID: PMC6612400 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9241769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oroxylin A is a natural extract and has been reported to have a remarkable anticancer function. However, the mechanism of its anticancer activity remains not quite clear. In this study, we examined the inhibiting effects of Oroxylin A on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its possible molecular mechanism. The cytoactive and inflammatory factors were analyzed via Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and ELISA assay, respectively. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to assess the cell proliferation. In addition, a wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect cell invasion and migration. qRT-PCR and western blot were employed to determine the effect of Oroxylin A on the EMT formation. Moreover, expression level of protein related to NF-κB signaling pathway was determined by western blot. The results revealed that Oroxylin A attenuated the cytoactivity of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. Moreover, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells were inhibited by Oroxylin A compared to the control. The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin were remarkably increased while N-cadherin and Vimentin remarkably decreased. Besides, Oroxylin A suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, we also found that supplement of TNF-α reversed the effects of Oroxylin A on the cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggested that Oroxylin A inhibited the cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT through inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. These findings strongly suggest that Oroxylin A could be a therapeutic potential candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
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13
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Long-Term Exposure to Oroxylin A Inhibits Metastasis by Suppressing CCL2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030353. [PMID: 30871117 PMCID: PMC6468369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylin A (Oro-A), the main bioactive flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria radix, has been reported to inhibit migration in various human cancer cell models. In this study, we further explored the anti-migration effects of Oro-A on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms. A 24-h (short-term) exposure of OSCC cells to non-cytotoxic concentrations (5–20 μM) of Oro-A significantly suppressed cell migration according to a wound-healing assay. Furthermore, a 30-day exposure (long-term) to Oro-A (20 μM), which did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on OSCC cells, significantly suppressed cell migration more than short-term Oro-A exposure. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of long-term Oro-A exposure on OSCC migration, a cDNA microarray and the Ingenuity software were used. Overall, 112 upregulated and 356 downregulated genes were identified in long-term Oro-A-exposed cells compared with untreated OSCC cells. Among them, 75 genes were reported to be associated with cancer cell migration. Consistent with the cDNA microarray results, we found that the expression levels of several cell migration-related genes, such as LCN2, ID-1, MDK, S100A9 and CCL2, were significantly decreased in long-term Oro-A-exposed OSCC cells using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assay. The Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results also demonstrated that CCL2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased in long-term Oro-A-exposed OSCC cells compared with untreated OSCC cells. Moreover, the expression levels of downstream CCL2 targets, including p-ERK1/2, NFκB, MMP2, and MMP9, were also decreased in long-term Oro-A-exposed OSCC cells. Further, Oro-A treatment suppressed in vivo metastasis. These results suggest that long-term Oro-A treatment inhibits metastasis via CCL2 signaling in OSCC cells.
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14
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Wang L, Zhang D, Wang N, Li S, Tan HY, Feng Y. Polyphenols of Chinese skullcap roots: from chemical profiles to anticancer effects. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25518-25532. [PMID: 35530094 PMCID: PMC9070317 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to identify the principle bioactive constituents of Chinese herbs and to unravel the molecular mechanisms behind their anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing City
- P. R. China
- School of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine
- LKS Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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15
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Zhang XJ, Liu S, Xing JP, Liu ZQ, Song FR. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on flavonoid pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after oral administration of Radix Scutellaria extract in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:418-427. [PMID: 30047463 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Radix Scutellaria is widely applied to the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. Its main bioactive constituents contain baicalin, wogonoside, oroxyloside, and their aglycones. To investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on both pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of these flavonoid compounds, the six flavonoids in plasma and tissues from the normal and type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of Radix Scutellaria extract were simultaneously measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The results showed that baicalin, wogonoside, and oroxyloside had higher Cmax and AUC values (P < 0.05) in type 2 diabetic rats than that in normal rats and the tissue-distribution behaviors of the six flavonoid compounds in hearts, livers, spleens, lungs, kidneys, brains, pancreas, fat and muscle of the type 2 diabetic rats showed obviously differences from the normal rats (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the differences in the pharmacokinetics of oroxyloside and tissue distribution of the six flavanoids in Radix Scutellaria extract between diabetic and normal rats were found for the first time. The results from the present study provided a crucial basis for a better understanding of in vivo anti-diabetic mechanism of action of the six flavonoids from Radix Scutellaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ju Zhang
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jun-Peng Xing
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Feng-Rui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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16
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Zhang X, Liu S, Xing J, Pi Z, Liu Z, Song F. Systematic study on metabolism and activity evaluation of Radix Scutellaria extract in rat plasma using UHPLC with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and microdialysis intensity-fading mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1704-1710. [PMID: 29293286 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radix Scutellaria is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of various diseases. However, the activities of the absorbed components and metabolites of its main flavones in rat plasma need further investigation. In this study, a systematic method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed to speculate the absorbed components and metabolites of the main flavonoids in Radix Scutellaria extract in rat plasma sample after oral administration of the extract. Twelve compounds, including four prototype components and eight metabolites, were confirmed in drug-containing plasma. In these metabolites, five were originally detected in rat plasma. The possible metabolic pathways of these polyhydroxy flavones in vivo were described and clarified. Microdialysis with intensity-fading mass spectrometry was originally employed to investigate the binding affinities of the absorbed components and metabolites with α-glucosidase. The order of their binding affinities was P4 > P3 > P2 > P1≥M5 > M3 > M1. The research result is helpful to deepen the understanding of the absorbed components and metabolic pathways of main flavones from Radix Scutellaria, and provide a new approach to screen potential inhibitors from in vivo components originated from Chinese herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueju Zhang
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Junpeng Xing
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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17
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Osteoactivin (GPNMB) ectodomain protein promotes growth and invasive behavior of human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13932-44. [PMID: 26883195 PMCID: PMC4924689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential application of GPNMB/OA as a therapeutic target for lung cancer will require a greater understanding of the impact of GPNMB/OA ectodomain (ECD) protein shedding into tumor tissues. Thus, in this work we characterized GPNMB/OA expression and extent of shedding of its ECD protein while evaluating the impact on lung cancer progression using three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: A549, SK-MES-1 and calu-6. We observed a direct correlation (R2 = 0.89) between GPNMB/OA expression on NSCLC cells and the extent of GPNMB/OA ECD protein shedding. Meanwhile, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GPNMB/OA in cancer cells significantly reduced GPNMB/OA ECD protein shedding, migration, invasion and adhesion to extracellular matrix materials. Also, exogenous treatment of cancer cells (expressing low GPNMB/OA) with recombinant GPNMB/OA protein (rOA) significantly facilitated cell invasion and migration, but the effects of rOA was negated by inclusion of a selective RGD peptide. Further studies in athymic (nu/nu) mice-bearing calu-6 showed that intratumoral supplementation with rOA effectively facilitated in vivo tumor growth as characterized by a high number of proliferating cells (Ki67 staining) coupled with a low number of apoptotic cells. Taken together, our results accentuate the relevance of GPNMB/OA ECD protein shedding to progression of lung cancer. Thus, strategies that suppress GPNMB/OA expression on lung cancer cells as well as negate shedding of GPNMB/OA ECD protein are worthy of consideration in lung cancer therapeutics.
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18
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Jin J, Chen S, Wang D, Chen Y, Wang Y, Guo M, Zhou C, Dou J. Oroxylin A suppresses influenza A virus replication correlating with neuraminidase inhibition and induction of IFNs. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:385-394. [PMID: 29091888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Because it is highly contagious, the influenza A virus (IAV) has the potential to cause pandemics in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains requires the development of new chemical therapeutics. Oroxylin A (OA) is a flavonoid which has been shown to have antioxidant and antitumor effects. However, intensive studies in which OA fights against different influenza virus strains and the underlying antiviral mechanisms have not been reported. In our study, the antiviral activities in cells and in mice, the preliminary mechanisms of OA were investigated. Our data show that it can inhibit A/FM/1/47 (H1N1), A/Beijing/32/92 (H3N2) and oseltamivir-resistant A/FM/1/47-H275Y (H1N1-H275Y) viruses in MDCK cells in a dose-dependent manner with inhibitory rates of 70.9%, 59.5% and 23.2%, respectively, at 50μM doses. Orally administered OA effectively protected mice from H1N1 virus-induced death, body weight loss and lung injury, with a survival rate of 60.0% at 100mg/kg/d dose. In addition, the H1N1 M1 gene transcription and protein synthesis were suppressed by 43.7% and 33.2%, respectively, in the late biosynthesis stage. This resulted in inhibition of viral replication. Furthermore, we found that OA has a neuraminidase (NA) inhibitory effect with IC50 values for H1N1-H275Y and A/Anhui/1/2013-R294K (H7N9-R294K) of 241.4μM and 203.6μM, respectively. Interferons (IFNs) produced by the virally infected cells play important roles in antiviral defense, therefore, IFN levels in the blood were also tested in mice. We found that IFN-β and IFN-γ in the OA 100mg/kg/d group were markedly increased by 24.5pg/mL and 859.9pg/mL, respectively, compared with those in the model group. This indicated that OA could induce the secretion of IFNs. The potent inhibition of virus replication and NA inhibitory activity, as well as the promotion of IFN production suggest that OA could be a drug candidate to fight against IAVs including oseltamivir-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dechuan Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuanjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jie Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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19
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Role of the CYP3A4-mediated 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid pathway in the development of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71054-71069. [PMID: 29050342 PMCID: PMC5642617 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) production via cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases closely correlates with the progression of breast cancer. However, its role in the development of chemoresistant breast cancers has yet to be elucidated. Here, we found that CYP3A4 expression and its epoxy-product, 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) was enhanced in tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant MCF-7 (TAMR-MCF-7) breast cancer cells compared to control MCF-7 cells. Treatment of TAMR-MCF-7 cells with ketoconazole and azamulin (selective CYP3A4 inhibitors) or 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE, an EET antagonist) inhibited cellular proliferation and recovered the sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Chick chorioallantoic membrane and trans-well migration analyses revealed that the enhanced angiogenic, tumorigenic, and migration intensities of TAMR-MCF-7 cells were also significantly suppressed by ketoconazole and 14,15-EEZE. We previously reported that Pin1, a peptidyl prolyl isomerase, is a crucial regulator for higher angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition characteristics of TAMR-MCF-7 cells. EET inhibition suppressed E2F1-dependent Pin1 gene transcription, and Pin1 silencing also blocked cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration of TAMR-MCF-7 cells. Our findings suggest that the CYP3A4-mediated EET pathway represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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20
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Anasamy T, Thy CK, Lo KM, Chee CF, Yeap SK, Kamalidehghan B, Chung LY. Tribenzyltin carboxylates as anticancer drug candidates: Effect on the cytotoxicity, motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:770-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Ci Y, Qiao J, Han M. Molecular Mechanisms and Metabolomics of Natural Polyphenols Interfering with Breast Cancer Metastasis. Molecules 2016; 21:E1634. [PMID: 27999314 PMCID: PMC6273039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancers are the main cause of cancer-related death. In breast primary cancer, the five-year survival rate is close to 100%; however, for metastatic breast cancer, that rate drops to a mere 25%, due in part to the paucity of effective therapeutic options for treating metastases. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that consumption of natural polyphenols significantly reduces the risk of cancer metastasis. Therefore, this review summarizes the research findings involving the molecular mechanisms and metabolomics of natural polyphenols and how they may be blocking breast cancer metastasis. Most natural polyphenols are thought to impair breast cancer metastasis through downregulation of MMPs expression, interference with the VEGF signaling pathway, modulation of EMT regulator, inhibition of NF-κB and mTOR expression, and other related mechanisms. Intake of natural polyphenols has been shown to impact endogenous metabolites and complex biological metabolic pathways in vivo. Breast cancer metastasis is a complicated process in which each step is modulated by a complex network of signaling pathways. We hope that by detailing the reported interactions between breast cancer metastasis and natural polyphenols, more attention will be directed to these promising candidates as effective adjunct therapies against metastatic breast cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Ci
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China.
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China.
| | - Mei Han
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China.
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22
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Lu L, Guo Q, Zhao L. Overview of Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid Compound. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1765-1774. [PMID: 27539056 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A is one of the main active components extracted from Scutellariae radix. It has been proved that oroxylin A possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, antiinflammation, neuroprotective, anti-coagulation and so on. The pharmacological activity of oroxylin A has been studied in vitro and on animal models, which reflected its promising potency in disease treatment. This review aims to recapitulate the pharmacological function and the molecular mechanisms of oroxylin A, as well as its sources, extraction, synthesis and toxicity study. These data confirmed the therapeutic potential of oroxylin A and provided reference for further development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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23
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Wei L, Yao Y, Zhao K, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Guo Q, Lu N. Oroxylin A inhibits invasion and migration through suppressing ERK/GSK-3β signaling in snail-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2121-2134. [PMID: 26741501 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Snail is closely linked to tumor invasion, metastasis, and recurrence and indicates prognosis of patients suffering from cancer. Overexpression of Snail increases motility and invasiveness of cancer cells, which has become target for anti-metastatic treatment. Oroxylin A, a natural compound extracted from Scutellaria radix, has been reported to inhibit invasion and migration in breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the anti-invasive effect of oroxylin A on lung cells and uncovered its underlying mechanism. The results suggested that oroxylin A could inhibit migration and invasion in Snail-expressing 95-D, and A549 cells whereas it had little effect on non-expressing GLC-82 cells. Furthermore, enhanced Snail expression after transfection of Snail vector in GLC-82 cells is decreased by oroxylin A. Snail can also induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We found oroxylin A could reverse TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting Snail expression. As a result, oroxylin A up-regulated E-cadherin expression and down-regulated vimentin, MMP-9, and CD44v6 expression, which could lead to the inhibition of tumor migration and invasion. Mechanically, we demonstrated that oroxylin A suppressed activation of ERK instead of AKT pathway and then promoted activation of GSK-3β to reduce Snail protein content. Finally, we established transplanted, metastatic, and orthotopic models of A549 cells, and found that oroxylin A inhibited the growth and lung metastasis of A549 cells in vivo. Taken together, we proposed that oroxylin A might be a promising candidate targeting tumor metastasis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Kim ES, Cho H, Lim C, Lee JY, Lee DI, Kim S, Moon A. A natural piper-amide-like compound NED-135 exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on the invasive breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 237:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhao K, Zhou Y, Qiao C, Ni T, Li Z, Wang X, Guo Q, Lu N, Wei L. Oroxylin A promotes PTEN-mediated negative regulation of MDM2 transcription via SIRT3-mediated deacetylation to stabilize p53 and inhibit glycolysis in wt-p53 cancer cells. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:41. [PMID: 25902914 PMCID: PMC4419472 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction p53 plays important roles in regulating the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, such as aerobic glycolysis. Oroxylin A is a natural active flavonoid with strong anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo. Methods wt-p53 (MCF-7 and HCT116 cells) cancer cells and p53-null H1299 cancer cells were used. The glucose uptake and lactate production were analyzed using Lactic Acid production Detection kit and the Amplex Red Glucose Assay Kit. Then, the protein levels and RNA levels of p53, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), and p53-targeted glycolytic enzymes were quantified using Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Immunoprecipitation were performed to assess the binding between p53, MDM2, and sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), and the deacetylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Reporter assays were performed to assess the transcriptional activity of PTEN. In vivo, effects of oroxylin A was investigated in nude mice xenograft tumor-inoculated MCF-7 or HCT116 cells. Results Here, we analyzed the underlying mechanisms that oroxylin A regulated p53 level and glycolytic metabolism in wt-p53 cancer cells, and found that oroxylin A inhibited glycolysis through upregulating p53 level. Oroxylin A did not directly affect the transcription of wt-p53, but suppressed the MDM2-mediated degradation of p53 via downregulating MDM2 transcription in wt-p53 cancer cells. In further studies, we found that oroxylin A induced a reduction in MDM2 transcription by promoting the lipid phosphatase activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog, which was upregulated via sirtuin3-mediated deacetylation. In vivo, oroxylin A inhibited the tumor growth of nude mice-inoculated MCF-7 or HCT116 cells. The expression of MDM2 protein in tumor tissue was downregulated by oroxylin A as well. Conclusions These results provide a p53-independent mechanism of MDM2 transcription and reveal the potential of oroxylin A on glycolytic regulation in both wt-p53 and mut-p53 cancer cells. The studies have important implications for the investigation on anticancer effects of oroxylin A, and provide the academic basis for the clinical trial of oroxylin A in cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0137-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, The People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Han Y, Zhai K, Sun M, Liu J, Yu B, Kou J. Ophiopogonin-D suppresses MDA-MB-435 cell adhesion and invasion by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1493-8. [PMID: 25816153 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonin-D is one of steroidal saponins isolated from the root of the Chinese medicinal plant Ophiopogon japonicas. It has been claimed to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The present study was the first to examine the anti-tumor metastasis properties of ophiopogonin-D. An MTT assay showed that ophiopogonin-D inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-435 melanoma cells, and decreased invasion was demonstrated using a Transwell invasion assay. Furthermore, adhesion of MDA-MB-435 cells to human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and to fibronectin was inhibited by ophiopogonin-D. Gelatin zymography and western blot analysis showed that ophiopogonin-D inhibited the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), but not that of MMP-2. Inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 by ophiopogonin-D indicated its inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Overall, the results suggested that ophiopogonin-D may be considered as a candidate drug for treating or preventing tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Han
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhai
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Minhui Sun
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Junping Kou
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
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Luo Z, Zeng H, Ye Y, Liu L, Li S, Zhang J, Luo R. Safflower polysaccharide inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of MCF-7 breast cancer cell. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4611-6. [PMID: 25673029 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for 22.9% of all types of cancer in females worldwide. Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) is an active fraction purified from safflower petals (Carthamus tinctorius L). The present study investigated the effects of safflower polysaccharide on the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Cell viability was analyzed using an MTT assay following treatment of the MCF‑7 cells with increasing concentrations of SPS. The results demonstrated that the SPS compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line and these inhibitory effects increased in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of SPS on breast cancer cells, following treatment for 72 h, was detected using an MTT assay and was calculated as 0.12 mg/ml. The apoptotic rate was detected using flow cytometry in the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line and the results revealed that SPS induced cell apoptosis. The apoptotic rate of the MCF‑7 cells treated with SPS was significantly higher compared with that of the untreated cells and increased in a dose‑dependent manner. The expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) was downregulated and the expression of Bcl‑2‑associated X protein was upregulated in the MCF‑7 cells treated with SPS in a time‑dependent manner. Additionally, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 was significantly reduced and the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‑1 was increased in the MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell treated with SPS. These results demonstrated that SPS inhibited the metastasis of MCF‑7 breast cancer cells and understanding the underlying mechanisms may provide novel strategies in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Luo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510315, P.R. China
| | - Hongxie Zeng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Lianbin Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Shaojin Li
- Department of Chemotherapy, Ganzhou Cancer Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510315, P.R. China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510315, P.R. China
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Ku SK, Han MS, Lee MY, Lee YM, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of oroxylin A on endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. BMB Rep 2015; 47:336-41. [PMID: 24286327 PMCID: PMC4163868 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.6.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays important roles in blood coagulation and inflammation. EPCR activity is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and release as the soluble EPCR. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). Oroxylin A (OroA), a major component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is known to exhibit anti-angiogenic, antiinflammation, and anti-invasive activities. However, little is known about the effects of OroA on EPCR shedding. Data showed that OroA induced potent inhibition of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced EPCR shedding through suppression of TACE expression and activity. In addition, treatment with OroA resulted in reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results demonstrate the potential of OroA as an anti-sEPCR shedding reagent against PMA and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(6): 336-341]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu 701-724, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - You-Mie Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Protective effect of oroxylin A against lipopolysaccharide and/or D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Surg Res 2015; 195:522-8. [PMID: 25818981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oroxylin A, a natural flavonoid isolated from Scutellariae baicalensis, has been reported to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacologic activities. However, the effects of oroxylin A on liver injury are poor understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oroxylin A on acute liver injury in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide and/or D-galactosamine (LPS and/or D-GalN). METHODS Mice acute liver injury model was induced by LPS (50 μg/kg) and/or GalN (800 mg/kg). Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, hepatic tissue histology, malondialdehyde content, and myeloperoxidase activity were analyzed. Meanwhile, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that oroxylin A dose-dependently inhibited LPS and/or GalN-induced serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. Hepatic malondialdehyde content and myeloperoxidase activity were also suppressed by oroxylin A. We also found that oroxylin A inhibited LPS and/or GalN-induced toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and NF-κB activation. In addition, oroxylin A upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, oroxylin A protected against LPS and/or GalN-induced liver injury through activating Nrf2 and inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Nam JM, Ahmed KM, Costes S, Zhang H, Onodera Y, Olshen AB, Hatanaka KC, Kinoshita R, Ishikawa M, Sabe H, Shirato H, Park CC. β1-Integrin via NF-κB signaling is essential for acquisition of invasiveness in a model of radiation treated in situ breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R60. [PMID: 23883667 PMCID: PMC3978561 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is characterized by non-invasive cancerous cell growth within the breast ducts. Although radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of DCIS, the effect and molecular mechanism of ionizing radiation (IR) on DCIS are not well understood, and invasive recurrence following radiotherapy remains a significant clinical problem. This study investigated the effects of IR on a clinically relevant model of Akt-driven DCIS and identified possible molecular mechanisms underlying invasive progression in surviving cells. Methods We measured the level of phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) in a cohort of human DCIS specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated it with recurrence risk. To model human DCIS, we used Akt overexpressing human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A-Akt) which, in three-dimensional laminin-rich extracellular matrix (lrECM) and in vivo, form organotypic DCIS-like lesions with lumina expanded by pleiomorphic cells contained within an intact basement membrane. In a population of cells that survived significant IR doses in three-dimensional lrECM, a malignant phenotype emerged creating a model for invasive recurrence. Results P-Akt was up-regulated in clinical DCIS specimens and was associated with recurrent disease. MCF10A-Akt cells that formed DCIS-like structures in three-dimensional lrECM showed significant apoptosis after IR, preferentially in the luminal compartment. Strikingly, when cells that survived IR were repropagated in three-dimensional lrECM, a malignant phenotype emerged, characterized by invasive activity, up-regulation of fibronectin, α5β1-integrin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and loss of E-cadherin. In addition, IR induced nuclear translocation and binding of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) to the β1-integrin promoter region, associated with up-regulation of α5β1-integrins. Inhibition of NF-κB or β1-integrin signaling abrogated emergence of the invasive activity. Conclusions P-Akt is up-regulated in some human DCIS lesions and is possibly associated with recurrence. MCF10A-Akt cells form organotypic DCIS-like lesions in three-dimensional lrECM and in vivo, and are a plausible model for some forms of human DCIS. A population of Akt-driven DCIS-like spheroids that survive IR progresses to an invasive phenotype in three-dimensional lrECM mediated by β1-integrin and NF-κB signaling.
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Zou M, Hu C, You Q, Zhang A, Wang X, Guo Q. Oroxylin A induces autophagy in human malignant glioma cells via the mTOR-STAT3-Notch signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1363-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Chen Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
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Ye M, Wang Q, Zhang W, Li Z, Wang Y, Hu R. Oroxylin A exerts anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophage via Nrf2/ARE activation. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:337-48. [PMID: 25247252 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating inflammation could be an important measure for the effective treatment of cancer. Here we examine the mechanisms by which oroxylin A inhibits inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrate that pretreatment with oroxylin A (50, 100, and 150 μmol/L) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA and protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS. In addition, oroxylin A significantly increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and NADP(H):quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), induced Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus and up-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter activity. Moreover, oroxylin A inhibited Nrf2 ubiquitination and proteasome activity. Transfection with Nrf2 siRNA knocked down Nrf2 expression and partially reversed oroxylin A-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 and iNOS expression. Importantly, we showed for the first time that Nrf2 plays an important role in oroxylin A-suppressed inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Uncovering the effect of oroxylin A on the regulation of Nrf2 signaling may be beneficial for developing new therapeutic strategies against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Xu J, Zhao M, Qian D, Shang EX, Jiang S, Guo J, Duan JA, Du L. Comparative metabolism of Radix scutellariae extract by intestinal bacteria from normal and type 2 diabetic mice in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:368-374. [PMID: 24632019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in clinical practice for several thousand years. TCM has played an indispensable role in the prevention and treatment of disease, especially the complicated and chronic ones. In TCMs, many ingredients which are known to have biological effects just pass through the gut, they do not get into the bloodstream. Study on interactions of these active ingredients with the intestinal bacteria is very helpful to unravel how TCM works. Radix scutellariae was widely used alone or in combination with other medicinal herbs to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for a long time in China even in Asia. Additionally, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is closely related to the changes of intestinal flora. In this paper, the metabolism of baicalin in Radix scutellariae extract by normal and type 2 diabetic mice intestinal bacteria were firstly investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF-MS) technique combined with Metabolynx(TM) software was used for analysis of the metabolic profile of baicalin in Radix scutellariae extracts by the intestinal bacteria from normal and type 2 diabetic mice. RESULTS The amount of baicalin׳s aglycone (baicalein) in type 2 diabetic mice samples were remarkably more than that in normal mice samples and oroxylin A only existed in type 2 diabetic mice samples. Intestinal bacteria produced not only a small amount of baicalein, but also some conjugates such as hydrogenated baicalin and methylated baicalin. CONCLUSIONS We proposed that β-d-glucuronidases contributed to the deglycosylation prior to absorption. Intestinal bacteria from pathological state mice produced more baicalein, which was well absorbed contributing to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the pharmacological effects of oroxylin A were associated with type 2 diabetes. Hence, the production of metabolites of baicalin might influence the effects of traditional medicines. Thus the study on the metabolism of baicalin by intestinal bacteria from normal and type 2 diabetic mice was of great importance to understanding the effects of traditional medicines. Furthermore, this work demonstrated the potential of the ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach with MetaboLynx for quite rapid, simple, reliable and automated identification of metabolites of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Er-xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Leyue Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Pan D, Li W, Miao H, Yao J, Li Z, Wei L, Zhao L, Guo Q. LW-214, a newly synthesized flavonoid, induces intrinsic apoptosis pathway by down-regulating Trx-1 in MCF-7 human breast cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 87:598-610. [PMID: 24374359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anticancer effect of LW-214, a newly synthesized flavonoid, against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. LW-214 triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and caspase-9 activation, degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cytochrome c (Cyt c) release and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) transposition. Further research revealed that both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activation by LW-214 were induced by down-regulating the thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) expression. The ROS elevation and ASK1 activation induced a sustained phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while SP600125, as known as JNK inhibitor, almost reversed LW-214-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Overexpression of Trx-1 in MCF-7 cells attenuated LW-214-mediated apoptosis as well as the JNK activation and reversed the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein. Accordingly, the in vivo study showed that LW-214 exhibited a potential antitumor effect in BALB/c species mice inoculated MCF-7 tumor with low systemic toxicity, and the mechanism was the same as in vitro study. Taken together, these findings indicated that LW-214 may down-regulated Trx-1 function, causing intracellular ROS generation and releasing the ASK1, and lead to JNK activation, which consequently induced the mitochondrial apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanchi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Inflammatory and microenvironmental factors involved in breast cancer progression. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1419-31. [PMID: 24222504 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary reason for the high mortality rate of breast cancer is metastasis, which can result in a poor survival rate. The tumor environment is important for promotion and invasion of cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is associated with breast cancer. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of the inflammatory and microenvironment in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The present review summarizes some of the markers for inflammation and breast cancer invasion, which may aid in the design of an appropriate therapy for metastatic breast cancer. The following four inflammatory markers are discussed in this review: (1) Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs); (2) Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); (3) Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P); (4) C-reactive protein (CRP). TAMs are commonly found in breast cancer patients, and high infiltration is positively correlated with poor prognosis and low survival rate. MMPs are well-known for their roles in the degradation of ECM components when cancer cells invade and migrate. MMPs are also associated with inflammation through recruitment of a variety of stromal cells such as fibroblasts and leukocytes. S1P is an inflammatory lipid and is involved in various cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration. Recent studies indicate that S1P participates in breast cancer invasion in various ways. CRP is used clinically to indicate the outcome of cancer patients as well as acute inflammatory status. This review summarizes the current understanding on the role of S1P in CRP expression which promotes the breast epithelial cell invasion, suggesting a specific mechanism linking inflammation and breast cancer. The present review might be useful for understanding the relationship between inflammation and breast cancer for the development of pharmacological interventions that may control the primary molecules involved in the breast cancer microenvironment.
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Ku SK, Lee IC, Bae JS. Antithrombotic activities of oroxylin A in vitro and in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:679-86. [PMID: 23963976 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, the anticoagulant activities of oroxylin A (OroA), a major component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). Furthermore, the effects of OroA on the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were tested in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with OroA resulted in prolonged aPTT and PT and inhibition of the activities of thrombin and FXa, and OroA inhibited production of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. And OroA inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, OroA elicited anticoagulant effects in mouse. In addition, treatment of OroA resulted in the inhibition of TNF-α-induced production of PAI-1, and treatment with OroA resulted in the significant reduction of the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, OroA possess antithrombotic activities and offer bases for development of a novel anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
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Zhu R, Zeng G, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Liu B, Liu J, Chen H, Li M. Oroxylin A accelerates liver regeneration in CCl₄-induced acute liver injury mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71612. [PMID: 23951204 PMCID: PMC3738530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Based on the previous research that oroxylin A can suppress inflammation, we investigated the hepatoprotective role of oroxylin A against CCl4-induced liver damage in mice and then studied the possible alteration of the activities of cytokine signaling participating in liver regeneration. Wild type (WT) mice were orally administrated with oroxylin A (60 mg/kg) for 4 days after CCl4 injection, the anti-inflammatory effects of oroxylin A were assessed directly by hepatic histology and indirectly by measuring serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Albumin. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining was performed to evaluate the role of oroxylin A in promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Serum IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1Ra levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liver HGF, EGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1Ra and IL-1β gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The data indicated that the IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA of oroxylin A administered group significantly increased higher than the control within 12 hours after CCl4 treatment. Meanwhile, oroxylin A significantly enhanced the expression of IL-1Ra at the early phase, which indicated that oroxylin A could facilitate the initiating events in liver regeneration by increasing IL-1Ra which acts as an Acute-Phase Protein (APP). In addition, a lethal CCl4-induced acute liver failure model offers a survival benefit in oroxylin A treated WT mice. However, oroxylin A could not significantly improve the percent survival of IL-1RI−/− mice with a lethal CCl4-induced acute liver failure. Conclusions Our study confirmed that oroxylin A could strongly promote liver structural remodeling and functional recovery through IL-1Ra/IL-1RI signaling pathway. All these results support the possibility of oroxylin A being a therapeutic candidate for acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guofang Zeng
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yinqin Chen
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hege Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ML); (HC)
| | - Mingyi Li
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (HC)
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Oroxylin A, a classical natural product, shows a novel inhibitory effect on angiogenesis induced by lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 64:1189-99. [PMID: 23238475 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an obvious relationship among angiogenesis and inflammation. From previous study, we learn that oroxylin A possesses anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in ovo. It also has an inhibitory effect on inflammation. But whether oroxylin A suppresses the inflammation-induced angiogenesis is still unknown. Our present study focuses on the role of oroxylin A in targeting LPS-induced angiogenesis, inflammatory and related pathways. METHODS The effects of oroxylin A on angiogenesis were investigated by transwell assay, tube formation assay, rat aortic ring assay and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression of certain proteins. RESULTS We found that oroxylin A inhibited LPS-induced migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as microvessel sprouting from rat aotric ring in vitro and the angiogenesis of chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model in ovo. The results also indicated that oroxylin A could inhibit the expression of LPS acceptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the activities of its downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including reducing expressions of the phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK. Moreover, oroxylin A prevented NF-κB dimers from translocating to the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, oroxylin A can suppress the angiogenesis induced by LPS and it may affect the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Oroxylin A inhibits colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:1990-2000. [PMID: 23823704 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e318293c5e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are at a significantly increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, and aberrant interleukin (IL)-6/STAT3 signaling pathway exists in both inflammatory bowel disease and inflammation-related gastrointestinal cancers. We have previously found that oroxylin A inhibited the NF-κB signaling in human colon tumor HCT-116 cells. However, whether oroxylin A could inhibit the colitis-associated carcinogenesis remains to be determined. METHODS HCT-116 cells were treated with various concentrations of oroxylin A. Expression of relative proteins of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway was assayed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Mouse model for colitis-associated colorectal cancer was induced by a combined treatment with 10 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) followed by 3 cycles of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate in C57BL/6 mice. IL-6 and IL-1β gene expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of relative proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Oroxylin A effectively inhibited IL-6/STAT3 pathway in human HCT-116 cells, and the effect of oroxylin A was reversible. Dietary administration of oroxylin A throughout the experimental period significantly reduced the tumor burden, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in colon carcinomas. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β decreased in tumors in oroxylin A-treated mice. The IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway was attenuated in oroxylin A-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that oroxylin A inhibits colitis-associated carcinogenesis through modulating IL-6/STAT3 pathway in AOM/dextran sodium sulfate mouse model and in HCT-116 cells.
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UPLC-Q-TOF/MS for Analysis of the Metabolites of Flavone Glycosides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by Human Fecal Flora in Vitro. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Protease-activated quantum dot probes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhu L, Zhao L, Wang H, Wang Y, Pan D, Yao J, Li Z, Wu G, Guo Q. Oroxylin A reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of MCF7/ADR cells by G2/M arrest. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Wei L, Dai Q, Zhou Y, Zou M, Li Z, Lu N, Guo Q. Oroxylin A sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to anoikis via glucose-deprivation-like mechanisms: c-Src and hexokinase II. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3835-45. [PMID: 23500080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis, is altered during the metastatic process and is highly associated with tumor progression and apoptosis resistance. Oroxylin A, a natural plant flavonoid, exhibits chemopreventive and therapeutic anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. However, the anticancer effects of oroxylin A on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remain poorly understood. METHODS In vitro studies were performed using 2D and 3D conditions. The effects on anoikis-sensitization and glycolysis-inhibition of oroxylin A in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were examined. In vivo murine lung metastasis experiments were utilized to assess the anti-metastatic capacity of oroxylin A. RESULTS ROS-mediated activation of c-Src following detachment caused anoikis resistance in A549 cells. Oroxylin A sensitized A549 cells to anoikis by inactivating the c-Src/AKT/HK II pathway in addition to inducing the dissociation of HK II from mitochondria. Prior to sensitizing A549 cells to anoikis, oroxylin A decreased the ATP level and inhibited glycolysis. Furthermore, oroxylin A inhibited lung metastasis of A549 cells in vivo in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Oroxylin A sensitized anoikis, which underlies distinct glucose-deprivation-like mechanisms that involved c-Src and HK II. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings in this study indicated that oroxylin A could potentially be utilized in the development of improved metastatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wei
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Li CR, Zhang L, Wo SK, Zhou LM, Lin G, Zuo Z. Pharmacokinetic interactions among major bioactive components inRadix Scutellariaevia metabolic competition. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012; 33:487-500. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong; SAR
| | - Siu-Kwan Wo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong; SAR
| | - Li-Min Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong; SAR
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong; SAR
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong; SAR
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Kou J, Yu J, Yu B. DT-13 suppresses MDA-MB-435 cell adhesion and invasion by inhibiting MMP-2/9 via the p38 MAPK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1121-5. [PMID: 22923256 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that the Dwarf lilyturf tuber has antitumor effects. The antitumor ability of DT-13, a saponin monomer isolated from the roots of the Dwarf lilyturf tuber, is discussed in this study. The results showed that DT-13 inhibited the proliferation, adhesion and invasion of MDA-MB-435 cells. DT-13 decreased the excretion and expression of MMP-2/9. Furthermore, DT-13 inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 in MDA-MB-435 cells. In conclusion, the results suggest that DT-13 possesses anticancer and antimetastatic properties by inhibiting the invasion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Chien YC, Sheu MJ, Wu CH, Lin WH, Chen YY, Cheng PL, Cheng HC. A Chinese herbal formula "Gan-Lu-Yin" suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell migration by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 through the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:137. [PMID: 22920190 PMCID: PMC3475136 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to explore the effects of Gan-Lu-Yin (GLY) on the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by fetal bovine serum and on neointima formation in a rat model of carotid artery balloon injury. METHODS VSMCs were treated with different concentrations of GLY, and then analyzed with Flow cytometric analysis, zymography, transwell, and western blotting. SD rats received balloon-injury were analyzed with H&E staining. RESULTS Our results showed that GLY significantly decreased the thickness of neointima. The inhibition by non-cytoxic doses of GLY of VSMCs migration was through its negative regulatory effects on phosphorylated ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT, and FAK. The data showed that GLY can inhibit the migration of VSMCs cells, and might block injury-induced neointima hyperplasia via the inhibition of VSMCs migration, without inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These observations provide a mechanism of GLY in attenuating cell migration, thus as a potential intervention for restenosis.
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Ha J, Zhao L, Zhao Q, Yao J, Zhu BB, Lu N, Ke X, Yang HY, Li Z, You QD, Guo QL. Oroxylin A improves the sensitivity of HT-29 human colon cancer cells to 5-FU through modulation of the COX-2 signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:521-31. [DOI: 10.1139/o2012-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a principal drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Due to its low response and high toxicity, synergistic effects of 5-FU in combination with other drugs have been widely researched. This study investigated whether oroxylin A improved the sensitivity of HT-29 human colon cancer cells to 5-FU. A correlation between COX-2 inhibition by oroxylin A and a synergistic effect of 5-FU on the growth of HT-29 cells was observed, and a COX-2 pathway for this effect was recognized; oroxylin A evidently elevated the level of reactive oxygen species in HT-29 cells, which subsequently inhibited COX-2 expression and enhanced the susceptibility of HT-29 cells to 5-FU. Likely also related to COX-2 inhibition, oroxylin A decreased PGE2 levels in HT-29 cells. The synergistic effect of 5-FU induced by oroxylin A was also found in the suppression of Bcl-2 and in the activation of P53, Bax, PARP, and procaspase-3 proteins in HT-29 cells. Ultimately, a combination of 5-FU with oroxylin A significantly reduced the growth of HT-29 tumors in nude mice compared with treatment with 5-FU or oroxylin A alone. In conclusion, a combination of 5-FU and oroxylin A has a significant synergistic effect in the inhibition of HT-29 cell proliferation in vitro and controls HT-29 tumor growth in vivo. This synergistic effect may be mainly related to COX-2 inhibition by oroxylin A in HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ha
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xue Ke
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Zou M, Lu N, Hu C, Liu W, Sun Y, Wang X, You Q, Gu C, Xi T, Guo Q. Beclin 1-mediated autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: implication in anticancer efficiency of oroxylin A via inhibition of mTOR signaling. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1722-32. [PMID: 22560876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly-regulated catabolic process that involves the degradation of intracellular components via lysosomes. Although the pivotal role of autophagy in cell growth, development, and homeostasis has been well understood, its function in cancer prevention and intervention remains to be delineated. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of autophagy induced by oroxylin A, a natural mono-flavonoid extracted from Scutellariae radix. We found for the first time that oroxylin A induced Beclin 1-mediated autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Time-lapse video microscopy and western blotting studies showed that treatment of cells with 80 μM oroxylin A resulted in the conversion of water soluble MAP-LC3 (LC3-I) to the lipidated and autophagosome-associated form (LC3-II) after 12hours; then autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lysosome degradation after 24 hours was required in oroxylin A-mediated cell death. This induction was associated with the suppressing of PI3K-PTEN-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway by oroxylin A. Our results also showed that autophagy took place before noticeable apoptosis can be observed. It was further demonstrated that oroxylin A-triggered autophagy contributed to cell death using over-expression of autophagy-related gene (Atg5 and Atg7) and inhibition of autophagy by siBeclin 1 and 3-methyladenine (3-MA). In vivo study, oroxylin A inhibited xenograft tumor growth and induced obvious autophagy in tumors. Taken together, we conclude that oroxylin A exhibits autophagy-mediated antitumor activity in a dose and time-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. These findings define and support a novel function of autophagy in promoting death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention (China Pharmaceutical University), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Zhu B, Zhao L, Zhu L, Wang H, Sha Y, Yao J, Li Z, You Q, Guo Q. Oroxylin A reverses CAM-DR of HepG2 cells by suppressing Integrinβ1 and its related pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 259:387-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Oroxylin A inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 expression and activation by up-regulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and suppressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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