The supplement–drug interaction of quercetin with tamsulosin on vasorelaxation

Effect of rutin on pharmacokinetic modulation of diclofenac in rats

Diclofenac is an extensively used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, but gastrointestinal liabilities and cardiovascular complications take the shine away from such a widely prescribed drug. On the other hand, rutin, a dietary bioflavonoid, has quite a few pharmacological attributes to improve the efficacy and reduce the dose-related toxicities of diclofenac through the intended food-drug/herb-drug interaction. The aim of the present research work was to investigate the role of rutin on pharmacokinetic modulation and the consequent efficacy of diclofenac. At first, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of diclofenac as alone and in the presence of rutin were investigated orally in a rat model. Then, mechanistic studies were performed to explain the effect of rutin on improvement in oral exposure as well as the efficacy of diclofenac using a battery of in-vitro/in-situ/in-vivo studies. Results displayed that rutin enhanced efficacy as well as oral bioavailability of diclofenac in rats. A marked increase in permeability of diclofenac by rutin was displayed that is linked to inhibition of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) transporters. There was no significant effect of rutin on the modulation of intestinal transit, CYP2C9 inhibition in human liver microsomes, and CYP2C9/CYP2C11 expression in rat liver tissues to boost the oral exposure of diclofenac. Rutin is found to be an inhibitor for BCRP transporters and can act as an oral bioavailability enhancer for a drug like diclofenac.

Haemodynamic effects of the flavonoid quercetin in rats revisited

Background and Purpose

The flavonoid quercetin increased the in vitro potency of the α₁‐antagonist tamsulosin to reduce phenylephrine‐dependent arterial contractions by 10‐fold. To examine if this supplement–drug interaction luxates hypotensive and orthostatic events in vivo, several set of studies were conducted in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (Wistar Kyoto [WKY]) rats.

Experimental Approach

First, in rats pretreated with quercetin or its vehicle, responses to phenylephrine and tamsulosin were examined. Second, tamsulosin‐induced changes in renal, mesenteric, hindquarter and carotid conductance were compared in quercetin‐ and vehicle‐treated rats instrumented with Doppler flow probes. Animals were also placed on a tilt table to record regional haemodynamic changes to orthostatic challenges. Third, adult SHR were instrumented with telemeters to measure 24‐hr patterns of BP. Recordings were made before and during a 5‐week oral treatment of quercetin. Finally, pre‐hypertensive SHR were treated with quercetin from 4 to 8 weeks of age and arterial pressure was measured at 8 and 12 weeks.

Key Results

Pretreatment with quercetin did not influence the responses to phenylephrine and tamsulosin, in neither WKY nor SHR. While tamsulosin treatment and tilting lowered BP and increased conductance in all vascular beds, effect size was not influenced by pretreatment with quercetin. Prolonged treatment with quercetin, in either prehypertensive SHR or adult SHR with established hypertension did not lower BP.

Conclusions and Implications

Cumulatively, these data demonstrate that quercetin does not amplify haemodynamic effects of tamsulosin or tilting in vivo in rats and has no effect on BP development in SHR.

Cardiovascular disease risk reduction in diabetes through conventional and natural approaches

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant cause of premature complications and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition to lifestyle modifications, conventional treatment of DM consists of oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin sensitizers, and subcutaneous insulin. In diabetic individuals with or at risk for CVD, aspirin and statin therapy reduce CVD morbidity and mortality. Several natural or herbal supplements have shown potential benefit in patients with CVD and DM. We provide an overview of the current guidelines for treatment of DM and CVD. We then review the literature to describe the efficacy of natural approaches to CVD risk reduction in diabetic patients, with a focus on physical activity, dietary modification, and natural/herbal supplements. Activity and diet improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CVD and DM. Natural and herbal supplements have potential for benefit but require further research to determine their efficacy and safety.

Nature nominee quercetin's anti-influenza combat strategy-Demonstrations and remonstrations

Nature's providences are rather the choicest remedies for human health and welfare. One such is quercetin, which is nature's nominee for cancer cure and recently demonstrated against influenza attack. Quercetin is highly recognized for its anticancer applications. This review emphasizes on yet another gift that this compound has to offer for mankind, which is none other than combating the deadly evasive influenza virus. The chemistry of this natural bioflavonoid and its derivatives and its modus operandi against influenza virus is consolidated into this review. The advancements and achievements made in the anti-influenza clinical history are also documented. Further, the challenges facing the progress of this compound to emerge as a predominant anti-influenza drug are discussed, and the future perspective for breaking its limitations through integration with nanoplatforms is envisioned.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Hypertension

Thirty six percent of people in USA and Canada regularly use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, including hypertension. Generally, majority of the hypertensive patients do not disclose the use of such remedies, and also health care providers do not usually ask their hypertensive patients if they use CAM. The widespread consumption of CAM in hypertension requires clear understanding of their underlying mechanism of action, efficacy and safety. This chapter will provide a comprehensive list of CAM commonly used by Americans for the prevention and treatment of hypertension as well as their postulated mechanism of action. Modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and their safety will also be covered along with the clinical consequences, i.e. drug-herb or herb-disease interactions. patients and healthcare providers should also be careful with using CAM therapies, because not only is there minimal evidence that several CAM products work to treat hypertension, but their safety hasn't been well-established.

Highly regioselective meta arylation of oxalyl amide-protected β-arylethylamine via the Catellani reaction

A first bidentate directing group assisted highly selective meta arylation of β-arylethylamine derivatives with various iodides is reported.