1
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Ebaid NF, Abdelkawy KS, Shehata MA, Salem HF, Magdy G, Hussein RRS, Elbarbry F. Effects of pharmacogenetics on pharmacokinetics and toxicity of doxorubicin in Egyptian breast cancer patients. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:160-170. [PMID: 38491961 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2330493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes (SLC22A16 and CBR1) involved in the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) in Egyptian female patients with breast cancer.Patients administered DOX (60 mg/m2) for 4 cycles every 3 weeks. The peak DOX plasma concentration was measured using a validated chromatographic method. The genotyping for the selected SNPs, SLC22A16 T > C (rs714368), and CBR1 C > T (rs20572), was performed by RT-PCR. Patients were monitored for hematological and cardiac toxicities.The variant carriers of CBR1 C > T (rs20572) exhibited significantly higher DOX concentration, but no significant association to DOX-induced hematological toxicity. On the other hand, SLC22A16 T > C (rs714368) had no significant influence on DOX plasma concentration, but was significantly correlated with lower risk of neutropenia (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.75, p = 0.01) and leukopoenia (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.5, p = 0.001). DOX-related cardiotoxicity was correlated with the cumulative dose of DOX (R = 0.238, p = 0.017), but not with any of the two examined SNPs.Genetic polymorphisms in SLC22A16 and CBR1 may explain the inter-individual variations in DOX pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Using pharmacogenetic testing is important to customise drug therapy for cancer patients treated with anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Ebaid
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | - K S Abdelkawy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - M A Shehata
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | - H F Salem
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - G Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - R R S Hussein
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - F Elbarbry
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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2
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Shendy K, Abdelkawy K, Ali AA, Belal F, Abdelhakiem M, Magdy G, Anber N, Elbarbry F. The effects of genetic polymorphism on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in Egyptian adult patients with leukaemia or lymphoma. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:95-105. [PMID: 38381003 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2320778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes coding folate-metabolising enzymes might alter the pharmacokinetics and sensitivity for methotrexate "MTX".The aim of the study aimed to investigate the influence of MTHFR C677T, DHFR19 Ins/del, GGH -401 C > T, and MTR A2756G polymorphisms on MTX toxicity and pharmacokinetics in Egyptian patients with Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Fifty adult Egyptian patients with ALL and NHL, treated with high dose MTX, were prospectively enrolled in the study. Clinical and biochemical data was collected objectively from medical records after each cycle of MTX. Plasma concentrations of MTX were measured after 72 h of initiation of infusion. Genotyping was done with a PCR-ARMS and PCR-RFLP assays.The MTHFR C677T T variants significantly increased the risk of leukopoenia, whereas the genotype MTHFR 677 C > T TT significantly associated with lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anaemia. The genotype GGH-401 TT was significantly correlated with anaemia. Plasma MTX level was significantly higher in patients with MTR A2756G G variants.MTHFR polymorphism played the main role in MTX toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of MTX was affected by MTR polymorphism. GGH mutation was mainly concerned with anaemia. Pharmacogenetic testing are recommended to optimise MTX therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khloud Shendy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelkawy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Amin Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nahla Anber
- Department of Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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Ali AA, Abdeshafy MM, Abdelkawy K, Elsabaa RM, Elbarbry F. Clinical and Laboratory Factors Related to Seizure and Serotonin Toxicity in Tramadol Intoxication: An Egyptian Study. Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:963-971. [PMID: 38006536 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with a lower risk of addiction compared to opioids. Tramadol overdose is becoming a health crisis in Egypt and is associated with serious and severe adverse effects. This study aims to identify clinical and laboratory findings associated with tramadol-induced seizure and serotonin toxicity in adult Egyptian patients with tramadol overdose. METHODS This prospective study included adult patients admitted for tramadol overdose with or without symptoms of seizure or serotonin toxicity. Basic demographic information, clinical symptoms, laboratory measurements, and plasma tramadol concentrations were collected. RESULTS A total of 71 patients (79% males) were included in the study. Seizure occurred in 38% of the subjects and was prevalent in male patients with metabolic acidosis or high tramadol concentrations. Serotonin toxicity occurred in 41% of the subjects and was prevalent in patients with hyperthermia, high pulse rate, and high tramadol levels. CONCLUSION Seizure and serotonin toxicity are severe adverse effects of tramadol overdose that occur in high frequency among young Egyptians. High tramadol concentrations in plasma seem to play a key role in prevalence of seizure and serotonin syndrome in tramadol-intoxicated adult Egyptians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amin Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled Abdelkawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ramy M Elsabaa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
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Kim S, Stucky NL, Drummond W, Elbarbry F, Footer BW. Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report. Pharmacotherapy 2023; 43:864-868. [PMID: 37243488 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in addition to underlying critical illness can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that are often required to treat this patient population. While ampicillin is the preferred agent for the treatment of susceptible Enterococcus faecalis infections, there are no in vivo pharmacokinetic studies regarding ampicillin dosing in patients receiving ECMO. This case report consists of two patients on venovenous ECMO with E. faecalis bloodstream infections in which ampicillin serum concentrations were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a one compartment open model. Ampicillin trough levels were 5.87 and 39.2 mg/L for patients A and B, respectively. Based on these results, ampicillin concentrations were found to be above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 100% of the dosing interval. The findings of this case report demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of ampicillin can be obtained in patients on ECMO and therapeutic drug monitoring can be utilized to ensure adequate serum concentrations are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicholas L Stucky
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Wendi Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Brent W Footer
- Department of Pharmacy, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Abdelkawy K, Elbarbry F, El-Masry SM, Zakaria AY, Rodríguez-Pérez C, El-Khodary NM. Changes in dietary habits during Covid-19 lockdown in Egypt: the Egyptian COVIDiet study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:956. [PMID: 37231373 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 lockdown changed social habits and lifestyle, including dietary habits, of people worldwide. However, limited information is available about these changes in Egypt. This cross-sectional study investigates the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on dietary habits among the Egyptian populations. METHODS An online questionnaire, based on sociodemographic data and dietary adherence in accordance with the validated PREDIMED MedDiet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), was used all over the Egyptian governorates. The dietary changes were statistically evaluated for significance in relation to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), education level and governorates. RESULTS A total of 1010 participants (76% aged below 36 years, 77% female, 22% obese, and 62% university-level education) answered the questionnaire. Respondents ≤ 20 years had a significant increase in weight and consumption of carbonated beverages, commercial pastries, fried and fast food. Egyptians > 50 years old had a significant decrease in physical activity. Underweight people (less than 3% of participants) increased their fast food intake with a prominent rise in weight. However, obese people increased cooking frequency and increased eating times with a decrease in physical activity. Male participants reported increased intake of carbonated beverages and fast food, while female participants increased the intake of homemade pastries with a significant decrease in physical activity. Approximately 50% of participants with postgraduate education reported decreased intake of fast food and carbonated beverages as well as decreased body weight. Residents of Cairo showed a significant increase in vegetable intake, and fried food intake with a decrease in seafood consumption. Participants from the Delta region had a significant increase in pastries intake. CONCLUSION The findings of this study explored the need for increasing awareness about healthy lifestyle in future lockdown periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abdelkawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Soha M El-Masry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amr Y Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, 18017, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) 'José Mataix', University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Noha M El-Khodary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Elbarbry F, Moshirian N. Linezolid-associated serotonin toxicity: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023:10.1007/s00228-023-03500-9. [PMID: 37129603 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aims to evaluate the existing evidence associating linezolid to serotonin toxicity when used as monotherapy or when co-administered with other serotonergic agents. METHODS A systematic literature search using PubMed (till March 2023), IDWeek meetings (2003-2023), the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Annual Meetings (2001-2023), and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (1999-2023) identified studies and abstracts related to linezolid and serotonin toxicity. RESULTS A total of 84 studies were included. The data collected in retrospective/observational studies compared the incidence of serotonin toxicity with linezolid monotherapy at 0.0050% and linezolid combination therapy at 0.0134%. All cases which discontinued linezolid and serotonergic agent/s at signs and symptoms of toxicity found symptom resolution; 75% of cases reported serotonin toxicity resolution within 24-48 h after discontinuation. CONCLUSION Linezolid therapy when optimal should not be deferred due to the risk of serotonin syndrome. The data collected reveals a low prevalence of serotonin toxicity in both linezolid monotherapy and linezolid concurrent with other serotonergic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Elbarbry
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA.
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Elbarbry F. Natural Products; from the Laboratory to Clinical Practice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073184. [PMID: 37049945 PMCID: PMC10096556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been such a great honor to serve as the Guest Editor for this Special Issue, “Exploration on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Natural Molecules: Current Status and Future Perspectives” [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA
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8
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Azeez Al-Jumaili A, Elhiny R, Thomas D, Elbarbry F, Khdour M, Sherbeny F, Hamad A. Factors Impacting Job Satisfaction among Pharmacists in the Arab World: A Qualitative Study. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:578-584. [PMID: 37063440 PMCID: PMC10102404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was undertaken to investigate in-depth the factors impacting job satisfaction among pharmacists in the Arab world and the challenges they encounter in their career path. The outcome of this study should help the local policymakers to take corrective actions to improve pharmacist's satisfaction and therefore enhance quality of patient care. Method This qualitative study collected responses of pharmacists from 12 Arab countries, as part of a large quantitative survey. Participants added comments to an optional open-ended question regarding work satisfaction. The Qualtrics Survey Software was used to collect the responses. The survey was distributed from March to May 2021 through multiple online channels for filling. The responses collected were analysed to develop themes. An inductive constructivist approach was used for the conceptual thematic analysis as the methodological orientation. Results A total of 110 responses/comments were received from the study participants. The two largest practice settings of the participants were from hospitals (44.5%) and community pharmacies (28.2%). Almost 40% of responses came from pharmacists practising in Qatar (21.8%) and UAE (18.1%). The survey data demonstrated several reasons impacting job satisfaction among pharmacists practising in the Arab countries. Underestimation of the pharmacists' role, low salaries, lack of motivation and excessive workload were reported as major contributors to job dissatisfaction. On the other hand, professional commitment and the culture of the work setting were the major contributors to job satisfaction. Conclusions The study provides valuable insights into the aspects concerning pharmacists' satisfaction in the Arab world. Policymakers and other stakeholders need to act upon aspects of pharmacists' job satisfaction and dissatisfaction to ensure potentially better working environment and patient outcomes.
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Elbarbry F, Jones G, Ung A. Catechin Reduces Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats through Modulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. Molecules 2022; 27:8432. [PMID: 36500525 PMCID: PMC9735775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: hypertension affects approximately half of the adults in the United States (roughly 116 million). The cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in the kidney has been found to play a major role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study examines the anti-hypertensive effect of the natural polyphenolic compound catechin (CAT) and investigates if it impacts the metabolism of AA in the kidney in comparison to captopril (CAP): a commonly used antihypertensive drug. (2) Methods: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into five groups. The treatment groups were administered CAT in drinking water at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg. A positive control group received CAP at a dose of 10 mg/kg in the drinking water, and one group received both CAP and CAT at doses of 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Blood pressure was monitored weekly for five weeks. The activity of the two major enzymes involved in AA metabolism in the kidney, namely CYP4A and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), were analyzed. (3) Results: CAP monotherapy was found to reduce blood pressure compared to the control untreated rats but did not demonstrate any effect on AA metabolism. Low- and high-dose CAT resisted the rise in blood pressure observed in the untreated SHR and significantly lowered blood pressure compared to the control group, respectively. Only rats treated with high CAT doses demonstrated significant inhibition of CYP4A and sEH enzyme activities. The coadministration of CAP and a high dose of CAT resulted in more pronounced blood pressure-lowering effects, but no more significant effects on AA metabolism were found compared to a high dose of CAT alone. (4) Conclusion: the modulation of AA metabolism in the kidney contributes, at least partially, to the blood pressure-lowering effect of CAT in SHR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA
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10
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Al-Jumaili AA, Sherbeny F, Elhiny R, Hijazi B, Elbarbry F, Rahal M, Bukhatwa S, Khdour M, Thomas D, Khalifa S, Hamad A. Exploring job satisfaction among pharmacy professionals in the Arab world: a multi-country study. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2022; 30:160-168. [DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The study objectives were to (1) describe the characteristics of the pharmacy professionals and (2) explore the association between job satisfaction and factors, such as work control, work stress, workload and organization and professional commitments.
Methods
This study was a cross-sectional design. The survey items were mainly adapted from the US National Pharmacist Workforce Survey. An electronic (Qualtrics) questionnaire was posted on pharmacist social media in several Arab countries. The survey link was posted from 22 March 2021 to 1 May 2021. The multiple linear regression measured the association between 12 independent variables and pharmacist job satisfaction.
Key findings
A total of 2137 usable surveys were received from pharmacists (54.7% female) working in 18 Arabic countries. The job satisfaction rate varied among countries in the Arab world. The fields with the highest satisfaction average included pharmaceutical marketing, academia and the pharmaceutical industry. At the same time, pharmacists working in community pharmacy and Ministry of Health/administrative positions had the lowest satisfaction rates. Overall, pharmacist satisfaction was average (3.1 out of 5). The pharmacists had the lowest satisfaction averages with income and job expectations. The pharmacists with bachelor’s degrees had significantly lower satisfaction than pharmacists with postgraduate degrees. Male pharmacists had significantly higher job satisfaction compared with female pharmacists. Workload and the feelings of organization and professional commitments had significant positive associations with job satisfaction.
Conclusions
The pharmacy profession in Arabic countries faced several challenges that negatively impacted job satisfaction. Improving work environment, professional management, income and organization loyalty is necessary to enhance pharmacist job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatimah Sherbeny
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University , Tallahassee, FL , USA
| | - Rehab Elhiny
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Bushra Hijazi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University , Hillsboro, OR , USA
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- College of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Salma Bukhatwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Libyan International Medical University , Benghazi , Libya
| | - Maher Khdour
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University , Abu Dis , Palestine
| | - Dixon Thomas
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University , Ajman , UAE
| | | | - Anas Hamad
- Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
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Cote B, Elbarbry F, Bui F, Su JW, Seo K, Nguyen A, Lee M, Rao DA. Mechanistic Basis for the Role of Phytochemicals in Inflammation-Associated Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030781. [PMID: 35164043 PMCID: PMC8838908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases occur in a large portion of the population and are associated with a poor diet. Key natural products found in fruits and vegetables may assist in lowering inflammation associated with chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review seeks to examine the roles of several natural products, resveratrol (RES), quercetin (QUE), curcumin (CUR), piperine (PIP), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and gingerol (GIN), in their ability to attenuate inflammatory markers in specific diseases states. Additionally, we will discuss findings in past and ongoing clinical trials, detail possible phytochemical–drug interactions, and provide a brief resource for researchers and healthcare professionals on natural product and supplement regulation as well as names of databases with information on efficacy, indications, and natural product–drug interactions. As diet and over-the-counter supplement use are modifiable factors and patients are interested in using complementary and alternative therapies, understanding the mechanisms by which natural products have demonstrated efficacy and the types of drugs they interact with and knowing where to find information on herbs and supplements is important for practicing healthcare providers and researchers interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cote
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA;
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA; (F.E.); (F.B.); (K.S.); (A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Fiona Bui
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA; (F.E.); (F.B.); (K.S.); (A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Joe W. Su
- School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, CA 90004, USA;
| | - Karen Seo
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA; (F.E.); (F.B.); (K.S.); (A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Arthur Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA; (F.E.); (F.B.); (K.S.); (A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Max Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA; (F.E.); (F.B.); (K.S.); (A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Deepa A. Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA; (F.E.); (F.B.); (K.S.); (A.N.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Fouda A, Abdelaziz AE, Hussien M, Ali AA, Abdelkawy KS, Elbarbry F. A randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of Vitamin E, Ursodeoxycholic acid and Pentoxifylline on Egyptian non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:7449-7459. [PMID: 34919247 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, no NASH-specific therapies are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This study aimed to compare the clinical effect of vitamin E (Vit. E), Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on Egyptian patients with NASH with exploration of their possible roles on inflammatory cytokines and chemokines mainly Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a 3-month, randomized, single-blind study in 102 Egyptian NASH patients who were divided into three groups; group 1 received Vit. E 400 mg twice a day, group 2 received UDCA 250 mg twice a day and group 3 received PTX 400 mg twice daily. Liver aminotransferases (AST, ALT), IL6, CCL2/MCP-1, albumin, bilirubin, and lipid panel were measured both before and after intervention intake. RESULTS A significant decrease was found in liver aminotransferases, serum cytokine and chemokine in participants after Vit. E, UDCA or PTX intake. Compared to the UDCA and PTX groups, liver aminotransferases, serum cytokine and chemokine showed a more statistically significant reduction after Vit. E administration (50%, 43%, 57% and 55% for ALT, AST, IL6 and CCL2/MCP-1, respectively). In contrast, other biochemical tests showed non-significant change after any drug intake. None of the tested drugs showed significant safety issues in this population. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Vit. E, UDCA and PTX was both safe and effective in improving hepatic aminotransferases and inflammatory markers in Egyptian NASH patients. The superior effect of Vit. E compared to UDCA and PTX may suggest that oxidative stress plays a key role in disease progression of NASH patients. Moreover, IL6 and CCL2/MCP-1 may be used with or without ALT for treatment evaluation of NASH people.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fouda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Ratih R, Asmari M, Abdel-Megied AM, Elbarbry F, El Deeb S. Biosimilars: Review of regulatory, manufacturing, analytical aspects and beyond. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Elmekawy HA, Belal F, Abdelaziz AE, Abdelkawy KS, Ali AA, Elbarbry F. Pharmacokinetic interaction between atorvastatin and fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir in healthy male Egyptian volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:1369-1379. [PMID: 33791829 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Comorbid conditions of heart and liver disorders added to HCV-induced hepatic steatosis make co-administration of statins, and direct-acting antivirals is common in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction of atorvastatin and fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir "FDCSL" with rationalization to the underlying mechanism. METHODS A randomized, three-phase crossover study that involves 12 healthy volunteers was performed. Participants received a single-dose of atorvastatin 80 mg alone, atorvastatin 80-mg plus tablets containing 400/90 mg FDCSL, or tablets containing 400/90 mg FDCSL alone. Plasma samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for atorvastatin, sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and sofosbuvir metabolite "GS-331007," and their pharmacokinetics parameters were determined. RESULTS Compared to atorvastatin alone, the administration of FDCSL caused a significant increase in both areas under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of atorvastatin by 65.5% and 156.0%, respectively. Also, atorvastatin caused a significant increase in the AUC0-∞ and Cmax of sofosbuvir by 32.0% and 11.0%, respectively. Similarly, AUC0-∞ and Cmax of sofosbuvir metabolite significantly increased by 84.0% and 74.0%, respectively. However, ledipasvir AUC0-∞ showed no significant change after atorvastatin intake. The elimination rate in all drugs revealed no significant changes. CONCLUSION After concurrent administration of FDCSL with atorvastatin, the AUC0-∞ of both atorvastatin and sofosbuvir were increased. Caution should be taken with close monitoring for possible side effects after co-administration of atorvastatin and FDCSL in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Elmekawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - F Belal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - A E Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - K S Abdelkawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - A A Ali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - F Elbarbry
- Pacific University Oregon School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
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Karimi R, Cleven A, Elbarbry F, Hoang H. The Impact of Fasting on Major Metabolic Pathways of Macronutrients and Pharmacokinetics Steps of Drugs. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 46:25-39. [PMID: 33151502 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-020-00656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we have investigated how fasting promotes an adaptive cross-talk between different hormones and metabolic pathways to supply and meet the body's daily energy demands. We highlight in biochemical terms and mechanisms how fasting impacts four metabolic pathways-glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid oxidation, and fatty acid β-oxidation-that are actively engaged in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Fasting results in reduced insulin secretion and increased glucagon and epinephrine release to prevent or stimulate metabolic reaction(s). Fasting stimulates glycogenolysis, amino acid and glucose oxidation, aminotransferase reactions in skeletal muscle, and promotes gluconeogenesis and urea production in the liver. In addition, fasting promotes gene expression of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, the synthesis of ketone bodies in the liver, and intracellular hormone-sensitive lipase activity in adipose tissue. Furthermore, the impact of fasting on reducing cellular damage by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species is discussed. Lastly, we briefly describe the impact of fasting on the four steps of pharmacokinetics-the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a few select drugs-with an emphasis on the elimination of drugs related to the cytochrome-P450 family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Karimi
- Pacific University Oregon School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8th Avenue, HPC-Ste 451, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
| | - Anita Cleven
- Pacific University Oregon School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8th Avenue, HPC-Ste 451, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- Pacific University Oregon School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8th Avenue, HPC-Ste 451, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Huy Hoang
- Pacific University Oregon School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8th Avenue, HPC-Ste 451, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
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Elbarbry F, Nguyen V, Kawaguchi-Suzuki M. Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Amputees. J Pharm Pract 2020; 34:794-799. [PMID: 32723146 DOI: 10.1177/0897190020942659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to review the currently available assessment tools for measuring renal function, body weight, and body surface area in the amputee population. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched using the following key terms: amputation, dose adjustment, and estimation of body weight. Articles published in languages other than English were excluded from the search. RESULTS Despite the increasing prevalence of amputations, there is little literature available that discusses its impact on the patient and how these physiological changes can affect pharmacokinetics. Very little information is available to guide dose adjustment in this patient population. This article discusses several factors to consider when determining optimum dosing regimens in patients with different levels of amputations. CONCLUSION This article will evaluate the applicability of methods mentioned in existing literature for measuring changes in renal function, body weight, and body surface area in amputees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Elbarbry
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Van Nguyen
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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Nguyn V, Espiritu M, Eldehna W, Abdelrahman M, Abdel-Aziz H, Abou-Serid S, Elbarbry F. Inhibition of Major Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activities in Human Liver Microsomes by 9‐a and WES‐1, two Novel Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Nguyen V, Espiritu M, Elbarbry F. Development and validation of a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS cocktail assay for CYP450 enzymes: Application to study the effect of catechin on rat hepatic CYP activity. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4789. [PMID: 31885091 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method that enables the simultaneous quantification of probe substrates and metabolites of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was developed and validated. These substrates (metabolites)-coumarin (7-hydroxycoumarin), tolbutamide (4-hydroxytolbutamide), S-mephenytoin (4-hydroxymephenytoin), dextromethorphan (dextrorphan), and testosterone (6β-hydroxytestosterone)-were utilized as markers for the activities of the major human CYP enzymes CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, respectively. Analytes were separated on Kinetex C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 5 μm) using a binary gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Metabolites were detected and quantified by MS using multiple reaction monitoring at m/z 163 → 107.2 for 7-hydroxycoumarin, m/z 235 → 150.1 for 4-hydroxymephenytoin, m/z 287 → 171 for 4-hydroxytolbutamide, m/z 258 → 157.1 for dextrorphan, m/z 305 → 269 for 6β-hydroxytestosterone, and m/z 237 → 194 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited good linearity over a range of 10-500 ng/mL with acceptable accuracy and precision criteria. As a proof of concept, the developed cocktail assay was successfully used to examine the potential impact of catechin on the activity of the major rat liver CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Michael Espiritu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- Department of Pharmacy, Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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Turner RB, Elbarbry F. Dr. Turner Responds to Dr. McLeay. Pharmacotherapy 2019; 39:620. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Hughes JA, Cleven AJ, Ross J, Fuentes DG, Elbarbry F, Suzuki M, Della Paolera M, Carter NS, Stamper B, Low P, Malhotra A, Faro SJE. A Comprehensive Reflective Journal-Writing Framework for Pharmacy Students to Increase Self-Awareness and Develop Actionable Goals. Am J Pharm Educ 2019; 83:6554. [PMID: 31065154 PMCID: PMC6498201 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe6554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a structured model for reflective journal writing (RJW) and a grading rubric as part of a student portfolio designed to help Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students create actionable goals. Methods. A structured, eight-domain format was developed to engage students in prioritization, identification, exploration, recollection, evaluation, and challenging/solidifying their own knowledge, while assembling an action plan for development (abbreviated using the acronym PIE-RECAP). After completing RJW using this model, students self-identified domains established by the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) that corresponded to their entries. A grading rubric was designed and normalized to require minimal training for use. RJW and other elements of student portfolios were implemented simultaneously across three cohorts (N=296). Twenty-one faculty and staff graders each evaluated 10 to 15 student journal entries. Results. Of 771 journal entries, 648 (84%) met expectations, while 123 (16%) needed to be rewritten. Students identified experiences that were meaningful to them and shared in their RJW entry the knowledge and/or information that they did not know prior to the experience. Common themes identified in the students' RJWs included: curricular experiences (12.7%), cocurricular experiences (18.4%), and experiential training (68.6%). Conclusion. The PIE-RECAP method can be used to guide students in RJW and identify CAPE domains in their personal and professional experiences in pharmacy school. The associated grading rubric can be used to evaluate students' RJW entries and assess their growth in curricular, cocurricular and affective domains relative to their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Hughes
- California Health Sciences University, College of Pharmacy, Clovis, California
| | - Anita J. Cleven
- Pacific University Oregon, College of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - Jackson Ross
- Pacific University Oregon, College of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - David G. Fuentes
- California Health Sciences University, College of Pharmacy, Clovis, California
- Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- Pacific University Oregon, College of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - Marina Suzuki
- Pacific University Oregon, College of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | | | - Nicola S. Carter
- Pacific University Oregon, College of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - Brendan Stamper
- Pacific University Oregon, College of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - Pauline Low
- Pacific University Oregon, College of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - Ashim Malhotra
- California Northstate University, College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, California
| | - Sarah Jane E. Faro
- Pacific University Oregon, College of Health Professions, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, Oregon
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelle Miyama
- Pacific University School of PharmacyHillsboroOR
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22
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Elbarbry F, Nguyen V, Mirka A, Zwickey H, Rosenbaum R. A new validated HPLC method for the determination of levodopa: Application to study the impact of ketogenic diet on the pharmacokinetics of levodopa in Parkinson's participants. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4382. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy; Pacific University; Hillsboro OR USA
| | - Van Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy; Pacific University; Hillsboro OR USA
| | | | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute; National University of Natural Medicine; Portland OR USA
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Elbarbry F, Ung A, Lack K. Modulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Rat Kidney by Thymoquinone: Implications for Regulation of Blood Pressure. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.561.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimy Ung
- PharmacyPacific UniversityHillsboroOR
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Elbarbry F, Harrelson J, Espiritu M, Pham T, Ibrahim K. Modulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Rat Kidney by Quercetin: Implications for Regulation of Blood Pressure. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.561.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Up-regulation of arginase activity in several chronic disease conditions, including cancer and hypertension, may suggest new targets for treatment. Recently, the number of new arginase inhibitors with promising therapeutic effects for asthma, cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and erectile dysfunction has shown a remarkable increase. Arginase inhibitors may be chemical substances, such as boron-based amino acid derivatives, α-difluoromethylornithine (DMFO), and Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) or, of plant origin such as sauchinone, salvianolic acid B (SAB), piceatannol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PG) and obacunone. Despite their promising therapeutic potential, little is known about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some of these agents. Several studies were conducted in different animal species and in vitro systems and reported significant differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arginase inhibitors. Therefore, extra caution should be considered before extrapolating these studies to human. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of some effective arginase inhibitors make it challenging to formulate stable and effective formulation. In this article, existing literature on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arginase inhibitors were reviewed and compared together with emphasis on possible drug interactions and solutions to overcome pharmacokinetics challenges and shortage of arginase inhibitors in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey Lack
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
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Jahn A, Bodreau C, Farthing K, Elbarbry F. Assessing Propylene Glycol Toxicity in Alcohol Withdrawal Patients Receiving Intravenous Benzodiazepines: A One-Compartment Pharmacokinetic Model. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:423-430. [PMID: 29392569 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While some case reports indicate that high doses of propylene glycol (PG) may result in metabolic acidosis, there has been no large-scale study that evaluated the risk of metabolic acidosis in patients receiving PG-containing benzodiazepines for acute alcohol withdrawal. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential toxicity of PG in patients with acute alcohol withdrawal treated with intermittent intravenous bolus doses of diazepam and/or lorazepam. METHODS This is a retrospective case study using data collected from 18 randomly selected patients receiving one or both of these medications per a modified Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) Class 3 protocol. Plasma levels of PG were estimated using a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. RESULTS Only two patients had an elevated anion gap compared to their baseline value with one also experiencing a significant increase in serum creatinine. No increases in serum osmolarity were noted. Analysis showed that the benzodiazepine dose received was a good predictor of the estimated PG concentration (r = 0.6), but was poorly correlated with the anion gap. No significant correlation was found with the creatinine clearance or serum creatinine. Patients receiving several daily doses were at higher risk of developing an anion gap (r = 0.33), but the estimated maximum PG concentration did not correlate with the anion gap or serum concentration. CONCLUSION It does not appear that intermittent bolus administration of intravenous benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal influenced renal function or anion gap regardless of number of administered doses, amount of PG received, or the estimated PG concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlie Bodreau
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Kate Farthing
- Legacy Salmon Creek Medical Center, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA. .,Legacy Salmon Creek Medical Center, Vancouver, WA, USA.
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Elbarbry F, Ung A, Abdelkawy K. Studying the Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin and Thymoquinone on Human Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activities. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 13:S895-S899. [PMID: 29491651 PMCID: PMC5822518 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.224342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin (QR) and thymoquinone (TQ) are herbal remedies that are currently extensively used by the general population to prevent and treat various chronic conditions. Therefore, investigating the potential of pharmacokinetic interactions caused by the concomitant use of these herbal remedies and conventional medicine is warranted to ensure patient safety. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effect of QR and TQ, two commonly used remedies, on the activities of selected cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that play an important role in drug metabolism and/or toxicology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro studies were conducted using fluorescence-based high throughput assays using human c-DNA baculovirus expressed CYP enzymes. For measuring CYP2E1 activity, a validated High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was utilized to measure the formation of 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone. RESULTS The obtained half-maximum inhibitory concentration values with known positive control inhibitors of this study were comparable to the published values indicating accurate experimental techniques. Although QR did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, it exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against CYP2D6 and a moderate effect against CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. On the other hand, TQ demonstrated a strong and a moderate inhibitory effect against CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study may indicate that consumption of QR or TQ, in the form of food or dietary supplements, with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP3A4 may cause significant herb-drug interactions. SUMMARY Neither QR nor TQ has any significant inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2 or CYP2E1 enzymesBoth QR and TQ have a moderate to strong inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 activityQR has a moderate inhibitory effect on CYP2C19 and a strong inhibitory effect on CYP2D6Both QR and TQ are moderate inhibitors of the CYP2C9 activity. Abbreviations used: ABT: Aminobenztriazole, BZF: 7,8 Benzoflavone, CYP: Cytochrome P450, GB: Gingko Biloba, IC50: Half-maximum inhibitory concentration, KTZ: Ketoconazole, QND: Quinidine, QR: Quercetin, TCP: Tranylcypromine, TQ: Thymoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimy Ung
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Oregon, USA
| | - Khaled Abdelkawy
- College of Pharmacy, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt
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Abdelkawy KS, Balyshev ME, Elbarbry F. A new validated HPLC method for the determination of quercetin: Application to study pharmacokinetics in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy; Pacific University; Hillsboro OR USA
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Brigg Turner R, Elbarbry F, Biondo L. Pharmacokinetics of once and twice daily dosing of intravenous tobramycin in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. J Chemother 2016; 28:304-7. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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31
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Abdlekawy KS, Donia AM, Elbarbry F. Effects of Grapefruit and Pomegranate Juices on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Dapoxetine and Midazolam in Healthy Subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 42:397-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Chan J, Oshiro T, Thomas S, Higa A, Black S, Todorovic A, Elbarbry F, Harrelson JP. Inactivation of CYP2A6 by the Dietary Phenylpropanoid trans-Cinnamic Aldehyde (Cinnamaldehyde) and Estimation of Interactions with Nicotine and Letrozole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:534-43. [PMID: 26851241 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to trans-cinnamic aldehyde [t-CA; cinnamaldehyde; cinnamal; (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enal] is common through diet and through the use of cinnamon powder for diabetes and to provide flavor and scent in commercial products. We evaluated the likelihood of t-CA to influence metabolism by inhibition of P450 enzymes. IC50 values from recombinant enzymes indicated that an interaction is most probable for CYP2A6 (IC50 = 6.1 µM). t-CA was 10.5-fold more selective for human CYP2A6 than for CYP2E1; IC50 values for P450s 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 were 15.8-fold higher or more. t-CA is a type I ligand for CYP2A6 (KS = 14.9 µM). Inhibition of CYP2A6 by t-CA was metabolism-dependent; inhibition required NADPH and increased with time. Glutathione lessened the extent of inhibition modestly and statistically significantly. The carbon monoxide binding spectrum was dramatically diminished after exposure to NADPH and t-CA, suggesting degradation of the heme or CYP2A6 apoprotein. Using a static model and mechanism-based inhibition parameters (K(I) = 18.0 µM; k(inact) = 0.056 minute(-1)), changes in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for nicotine and letrozole were predicted in the presence of t-CA (0.1 and 1 µM). The AUC fold-change ranged from 1.1 to 3.6. In summary, t-CA is a potential source of pharmacokinetic variability for CYP2A6 substrates due to metabolism-dependent inhibition, especially in scenarios when exposure to t-CA is elevated due to high dietary exposure, or when cinnamon is used as a treatment of specific disease states (e.g., diabetes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Chan
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Tyler Oshiro
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Allyson Higa
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Stephen Black
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Aleksandar Todorovic
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - John P Harrelson
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
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Ong C, Elbarbry F. A new validated HPLC method for the determination of sulforaphane: application to study pharmacokinetics of sulforaphane in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:1016-1021. [PMID: 26542340 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of sulforaphane (SF) in rat plasma. The method involves a simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure to extract both SF and 7-hyrdoxycoumarin, the internal standard. The chromatographic analysis was achieved on a Shimadzu LC 20A HPLC system equipped with a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 10 mm KH2 PO4 (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile HPLC grade (40:60, v/v) run at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for 10 min. The UV detection wavelength was set at 202 nm. The method exhibited good linearity (R(2) > 0.999) over the assayed concentration range (0.05-2 μg/mL) and demonstrated good intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy (relative standard deviations and the deviation from predicted values were <15%). This method was also successfully applied for studying the pharmacokinetics of SF in spontaneously hypertensive rats following single oral dietary doses of SF. The pharmacokinetics of SF show linear behavior at the dose range investigated in this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
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Turner RB, Rouse S, Elbarbry F, Wanek S, Grover V, Chang E. Azithromycin Pharmacokinetics in Adults With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Undergoing Treatment With Extracorporeal-Membrane Oxygenation. Ann Pharmacother 2015; 50:72-3. [PMID: 26486763 DOI: 10.1177/1060028015612105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Amin A, CanGongora M, Elbarbry F. Dietary Doses of Sulforaphane Affect Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1412-1420. [PMID: 26084424 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that exposure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to dietary doses of sulforaphane (SF) results in resisting the progressive rise in blood pressure that is normally seen in these rats. This study investigates the potential effect of SF on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) in SHR. The activity and/or protein expression of selected cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) were measured in hepatic microsomes using specific probe substrates and/or polyclonal antibodies. Cytosolic fraction was utilized to measure protein level and activity of major antioxidant systems. The high dose SF resulted in a significant reduction of activity and apoproteins level of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 and activities of CYP2B1/2 and mEH. No effect of SF was observed on the rest of the studied CYP enzymes. Both doses of SF resulted in a significant induction of both hepatic glutathione level and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Activities of hepatic glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly induced only with the high dose. This study demonstrates that dietary doses of SF modulate the activity or protein expression of DME. Additionally, induction of the impaired antioxidant system in SHR may explain the blood pressure lowering effect of SF in this rat model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Amin
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
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Elbarbry F, Vermehren-Schmaedick A, Balkowiec A. Modulation of arachidonic Acid metabolism in the rat kidney by sulforaphane: implications for regulation of blood pressure. ISRN Pharmacol 2014; 2014:683508. [PMID: 24734194 PMCID: PMC3964756 DOI: 10.1155/2014/683508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background. We investigated the effects of sulforaphane (SF), the main active isothiocyanate in cruciferous vegetables, on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in the kidney and its effect on arterial blood pressure, using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as models. Methods. Rats were treated for 8 weeks with either drinking water alone (control) or SF (20 or 40 mg/kg) added to drinking water. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured at 7-day intervals throughout the study. At the end of treatment rats were euthanized, and kidneys were harvested to prepare microsomes and measure enzymes involved in regulation of vasoactive metabolites: CYP4A, the key enzyme in the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and the soluble epoxide hydrolase, which is responsible for the degradation of the vasodilator metabolites such as epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Effect of SF on kidney expression of CYP4A was investigated by immunoblotting. Results. We found that treatment with SF leads to significant reductions in both, the expression and activity of renal CYP4A isozymes, as well as the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Consistent with these data, we have found that treatment with SF resisted the progressive rise in MAP in the developing SHR in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion. This is the first demonstration that SF modulates the metabolism of AA by both P450 enzymes and sEH in SHR rats. This may represent a novel mechanism by which SF protects SHR rats against the progressive rise in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, 222 SE 8th Avenue, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA
| | - Anke Vermehren-Schmaedick
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Agnieszka Balkowiec
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Elbarbry F, Ragheb A, Marfleet T, Shoker A. Modulation of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes by Dietary Doses of Thymoquinone in Female New Zealand White Rabbits. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1726-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy; Pacific University Oregon; Hillsboro OR 97123 USA
| | - Ahmed Ragheb
- Department of General Medicine, College of Medicine; Menofyia University; Egypt
| | - Travis Marfleet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
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Ahmed H, Elbarbry F, Clark B. Mixed Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatographic Analysis of Colistin, Polypeptide Antibiotic, Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.33031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ragheb A, Attia A, Elbarbry F, Prasad K, Shoker A. Attenuated combined action of cyclosporine a and hyperlipidemia on atherogenesis in rabbits by thymoquinone. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011:620319. [PMID: 20040523 PMCID: PMC3136749 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This descriptive study investigates in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis (i) the extent of atherogenesis induced by cyclosporine A (CsA) or hyperlipidemia alone or in combination and (ii) whether thymoquinone (TQ), a known herbal antioxidant, offers protection against these effects. New Zealand White female rabbits were assigned to five groups of six animals each: Group I, control; Group II, CsA [25 mg kg−1 day−1 orally (PO)]; Group III, 1% cholesterol; Group IV, 1% cholesterol + CsA (25 mg kg−1 day−1 PO); and Group V, 1% cholesterol + CsA (25 mg kg−1 day−1 PO) + TQ (10 mg kg−1 day−1 PO). Lipids and oxidative stress parameters [Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl] and aortic atherosclerosis were compared. CsA alone did not show a significant effect on either serum lipids and did not induce atherosclerosis. High-cholesterol diet induced atherosclerosis (45 ± 11% of the intimal surface of aorta was covered with atherosclerotic plaques). CsA and high-cholesterol diet increased atherosclerosis severity as measured from intimal and media lesions, but did not affect the extent of atherosclerosis. TQ decreased aortic MDA by 83%. It was also associated with reduced aortic atherosclerosis extend by 52% compared with Group IV. We concluded that (i) CsA aggravates hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis and (ii) TQ attenuates the oxidative stress and atherogenesis induced by the combined effect of CsA and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ragheb
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Karimi R, Elbarbry F, Fortner J. Integrative Student Learning: An Effective Team Learning Activity in a Learner-Centered Paradigm. Innov Pharm 2011. [DOI: 10.24926/iip.v2i4.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: An Integrative Student Learning (ISL) activity was developed with the intent to enhance the dynamic of student teamwork and enhance student learning by fostering critical-thinking skills, self-directed learning skills, and active learning.
Case Study: The ISL activity consists of three portions: teambuilding, teamwork, and a facilitator driven "closing the loop" feedback discussion. For teambuilding, a set of clue sheets or manufacturer's drug containers were distributed among student pairs who applied their pharmaceutical knowledge to identify two more student pairs with similar clues or drugs, thus building a team of six. For teamwork, each team completed online exams, composed of integrated pharmaceutical science questions with clinical correlates, using only selected online library resources. For the feedback discussion, facilitators evaluated student impressions, opened a discussion about the ISL activity, and provided feedback to teams' impressions and questions. This study describes three different ISL activities developed and implemented over three days with first year pharmacy students. Facilitators' interactions with students and three surveys indicated a majority of students preferred ISL over traditional team activities and over 90% agreed ISL activities promoted active learning, critical-thinking, self-directed learning, teamwork, and student confidence in online library searches.
Conclusions: The ISL activity has proven to be an effective learning activity that promotes teamwork and integration of didactic pharmaceutical sciences to enhance student learning of didactic materials and confidence in searching online library resources. It was found that all of this can be accomplished in a short amount of class time with a very reasonable amount of preparation.
Type: Case Study
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Elbarbry F, Ragheb A, Attia A, Chibbar R, Marfleet T, Shoker A. Cyclosporine-induced changes in drug metabolizing enzymes in hyperlipemic rabbit kidneys could explain its toxicity. Xenobiotica 2010; 40:772-81. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2010.517276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Karimi R, Arendt CS, Cawley P, Buhler AV, Elbarbry F, Roberts SC. Learning bridge: curricular integration of didactic and experiential education. Am J Pharm Educ 2010; 74:48. [PMID: 20498741 PMCID: PMC2865414 DOI: 10.5688/aj740348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of a program to integrate introductory pharmacy practice experiences with pharmaceutical science topics by promoting active learning, self-directed learning skills, and critical-thinking skills. DESIGN The Learning Bridge, a curriculum program, was created to better integrate the material first-year (P1) students learned in pharmaceutical science courses into their introductory pharmacy practice experiences. Four Learning Bridge assignments required students to interact with their preceptors and answer questions relating to the pharmaceutical science material concurrently covered in their didactic courses. ASSESSMENT Surveys of students and preceptors were conducted to measure the effectiveness of the Learning Bridge process. Feedback indicated the Learning Bridge promoted students' interaction with their preceptors as well as development of active learning, self-directed learning, and critical-thinking skills. Students also indicated that the Learning Bridge assignments increased their learning, knowledge of drug information, and comprehension of relevant data in package inserts. CONCLUSION The Learning Bridge process integrated the didactic and experiential components of the curriculum, enhancing student learning in both areas, and offered students educational opportunities to interact more with their preceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Karimi
- Pacific University Oregon School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA.
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Elbarbry F, Attia A, Shoker A. Validation of a new HPLC method for determination of midazolam and its metabolites: Application to determine its pharmacokinetics in human and measure hepatic CYP3A activity in rabbits. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:987-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Elbarbry F, Alcorn J. Ontogeny of glutathione and glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes in rat liver. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:242-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ragheb A, Attia A, Eldin WS, Elbarbry F, Gazarin S, Shoker A. The protective effect of thymoquinone, an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, against renal injury: a review. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2009; 20:741-752. [PMID: 19736468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone, is one of the most active ingredients of Nigella Sativa seeds. TQ has a variety of beneficial properties including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Studies have provided original observations on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of renal diseases such as glomerulonephritis and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. The renoprotective effects of TQ have been demonstrated in animal models. Also, TQ has been used successfully in treating allergic diseases in humans. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of reactive oxygen species in renal pathophysiology and the intriguing possibility for a role of TQ in the prevention of and/or protection from renal injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ragheb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Ragheb A, Elbarbry F, Prasad K, Mohamed A, Ahmed MS, Shoker A. Attenuation of the development of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by thymoquinone. Int J Angiol 2008; 17:186-92. [PMID: 22477447 PMCID: PMC2728923 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), derived from Nigella sativa seed, is an antioxidant. The present study investigated whether TQ attenuates the development of atherosclerosis, and/or reduces the serum lipid levels and oxidative stress in rabbits. New Zealand white female rabbits were assigned to four groups of six animals each: group I, control; group II, 1% cholesterol diet; group III, 1% cholesterol plus TQ (10 mg/kg/day; through a nasogastric tube) diet; and group IV, 1% cholesterol plus TQ (20 mg/kg/day; through a nasogastric tube) diet. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after four and eight weeks on the experimental diets for measurement of serum lipids, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TC/HDL-C ratio and oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and protein carbonyls). At the end of the eight weeks, the aorta was removed for the assessment of atherosclerotic changes, MDA and protein carbonyls. Group II animals developed atherosclerosis (45%±11% of the intimal surface of aorta was covered with atherosclerotic plaques), which was associated with an increase in the serum TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, MDA and protein carbonyls. In group III, TQ decreased serum TC, LDL-C, MDA and protein carbonyls by 26%, 29%, 85% and 62%, respectively, and aortic MDA by 73%, which was associated with a 40% reduction of the development of aortic atherosclerosis. The higher dose of TQ in group IV had effects similar to the lower dose (group III), except that this dose further decreased serum TG. It is concluded that TQ attenuates hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis and this effect is associated with a decrease in serum lipids and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ragheb
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamed S Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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Elbarbry F, Wilby K, Alcorn J. Validation of a HPLC method for the determination of p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity in rat hepatic microsomes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 834:199-203. [PMID: 16497568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Revised: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a HPLC-UV method for determination of p-nitrophenol (PNP) hydroxylation to 4-nitrocatechol (4NC) as a marker for CYP2E1 activity in rat hepatic microsomes. Proteins were precipitated by addition of 50 microL phosphoric acid (50%, v/v in water) to 500 microL microsomal suspensions. Following vortex mixing and centrifugation the supernatant (20 microL) was injected onto a Supelcosil C(18) column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm), and mobile phase (22% acetonitrile, 0.1% trifluoroacetic acetic acid, 0.5% triethylamine) delivered at 1.0 mL/min produced resolved peaks for internal standard, 4NC, and PNP in < 11 min. Calibration curves were linear (r(2) = 0.999) from 0.1 to 40 microM with intra- and inter-day precision < 12% and accuracy >90%. The method's improved sensitivity (LOQ = 0.1 microM) and minimal sample processing allowed rapid monitoring of PNP hydroxylase activity in fetal, neonatal, juvenile, and adult rat livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzy Elbarbry
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N5C9
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