Vitisin A-13-O-β-D-glucoside and Vitisin A from Iris lactea inhibit lipogenesis and promote lipolysis via the PKA/HSL pathway during adipogenic transdifferentiation of C2C12 cells

Analysis of the antioxidant efficacy substances in fermented black mulberry juice and their preventive effects on oxidative stress in C2C12 cells

This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and bioactive compound content of mixed-strain lactic acid bacteria-fermented black mulberry juice (FBMJ) and its protective effects against oxidative stress using physicochemical experiments and a cellular oxidative stress model. We also performed preliminary analyses of polysaccharide structures in FBMJ and identified the dynamic changes in the phenolic profiles of FBMJ during the fermentation process. The results indicated that FBMJ polyphenols can improve cell vitality and prevent H2O2-induced oxidative stress by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species concentrations and regulating mitochondrial membrane potential. Metabolomic analysis proposed transformation pathways for FBMJ polyphenols, including the biotransformation of specific phenolic acids, such as hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, and the degradation of rutin and anthocyanins. These findings will help explain why fermentation enhances the bioactivity of black mulberry juice by elucidating the biotransformation of polyphenolic compounds during fermentation.

CTRP9 alleviates diet induced obesity through increasing lipolysis mediated by enhancing autophagy-initiation complex formation

Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that obesity become a prevalent health threat worldwide. Reportedly, CTRP9 can ameliorate HFD induced obesity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of CTRP9 in obesity remains elusive. In this study, we reported its major function in the regulation of lipolysis. First, we found that the expression of CTRP9 was decreased in mature adipocytes and white adipose tissue of obese mice. Then, we showed that overexpression adipose tissue CTRP9 alleviated diet-induced obesity and adipocytes hypertrophy, improved glucose intolerance and raised energy expenditure. Moreover, CTRP9 increased the lipolysis in vitro and vivo. Additionally, we determined that CTRP9 enhanced autophagy flux in adipocytes. Intriguingly, knock down Beclin1 by SiRNA abolished the effect of CTRP9 on lipolysis. Mechanically, CTRP9 enhanced the expression of SNX26. We demonstrated that SNX26 was a component of the ATG14L-Beclin1-VPS34 complex and enhanced the assembly of the autophagy-initiation complex. Collectively, our results suggested that CTRP9 alleviated diet induced obesity through enhancing lipolysis mediated by autophagy-initiation complex formation.

Malinzi, a traditional medicinal plants: Comprehensive review of botany, medical application, chemical composition, and pharmacology

Malinzi is the dry ripe seed of Iris Lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz and is a tradtional medicinal plant with significant development and utilization value. A total of 31 compounds from Malinzi have been reported, including flavonoids, quinones, oligostilbenes, and other constituents. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Malinzi has good activities in anti-tumor, radio-sensitization, boost immunity, anti-oxidation, anti-fertility, and glucolipid metabolism. In this paper, by reviewing the domestic and foreign research literatures of Malinzi and summarizing its traditional uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities, it is expected to provide theoretical reference for the subsequent in-depth research and application of Malinzi.