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Løn N, Engel S, Damholt A, Mortensen B, Haaber AB, Wellejus A, Knop FK. Bifidobacterium breve Bif195 ameliorates aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage: A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:341-349. [PMID: 38036761 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric and duodenal ulcerations are common during multiple-dosing aspirin treatment, such as for prevention of cardiovascular disease. On capsule endoscopy, oral administration of the bacterial strain Bifidobacterium breve Bif195 (DSM 33360) reduced the risk of aspirin-induced small intestinal damage, without affecting cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition. AIM To evaluate endoscopically the effect of Bif195 on aspirin-induced stomach and duodenal mucosal damage METHODS: Twenty-five healthy volunteers underwent two intervention periods in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design including four gastroduodenoscopies and 6 weeks washout. Each intervention was a 4-week oral co-treatment of aspirin 300 mg daily and Bif195 (≥1011 colony-forming units daily) or placebo. Primary endpoint was change in Lanza score - ranging from 0 (normal mucosa) to 4 (>10 erosions or ulcer). RESULTS All 25 participants (56% females); age 27.3 (±4.8) years; BMI 23.2 (±3.4) kg/m2 , completed the trial exhibiting significant increases in Lanza scores during placebo treatment as compared to baseline. Bif195 reduced gastric Lanza score with an odds ratio of 7.2 (95% confidence interval 1.72-30.08, p = 0.009) compared to placebo with no related adverse events. There were no significant changes in Lanza scores in the duodenum. CONCLUSIONS Bif195 reduces aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage and may serve as a safe supplement during multiple-dosing aspirin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Løn
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Sara Engel
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Human Health, Scientific Affairs, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Anders Damholt
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Human Health, Scientific Affairs, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anja Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Human Health, Scientific Affairs, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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2
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Kataoka M, Itaka Y, Masada T, Minami K, Higashino H, Yamashita S. Near-infrared imaging of in vivo performance of orally administered solid forms to rats: Feasibility study with indocyanine green. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123677. [PMID: 38061499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the applicability of near-infrared (NIR) imaging to evaluating in vivo oral formulation performance. As a NIR probe and model drug, indocyanine green (ICG) and acetaminophen (ACE) were selected, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of ICG greatly increased upon dissolution, with the dissolved ICG passing through the gastrointestinal tract over time. Both compounds (0.05 mg of ICG and 0.5 mg of ACE) were encapsulated in gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) capsules in the solid form. In vitro, the HPMC capsules showed a disintegration lag time, a feature that was not observed for the gelatin capsules. After oral administration of each capsule to rats, blood samples were collected, followed by fluorescent imaging of the abdominal region. At 0.25 h after HPMC capsule administration, the fluorescence area and intensity were significantly small and relatively weak compared to that of the gelatin capsule. These tendencies resulted from the difference in capsule disintegration times, leading to a change in gastric emptying, which corresponded well with the initial time profile of the plasma concentration of ACE. These results indicate that possibility of NIR imaging with ICG to evaluate in vivo performance of orally administered formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Itaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takato Masada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Haruki Higashino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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3
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Franc A, Vetchý D, Fülöpová N. Commercially Available Enteric Empty Hard Capsules, Production Technology and Application. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1398. [PMID: 36422528 PMCID: PMC9696354 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing need to prepare small batches of enteric capsules for individual therapy or clinical evaluation since many acidic-sensitive substances should be protected from the stomach's acidic environment, including probiotics or fecal material, in the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) process. A suitable method seems to be the encapsulation of drugs or lyophilized alternatively frozen biological suspensions in commercial hard enteric capsules prepared by so-called Enteric Capsule Drug Delivery Technology (ECDDT). Manufacturers supply these types of capsules, made from pH-soluble polymers, in products such as AR Caps®, EnTRinsicTM, and Vcaps® Enteric, or capsules made of gelling polymers that release their content as the gel erodes over time when passing through the digestive tract. These include DRcaps®, EMBO CAPS® AP, BioVXR®, or ACGcaps™ HD. Although not all capsules in all formulations meet pharmaceutical requirements for delayed-release dosage forms in disintegration and dissolution tests, they usually find practical application. This literature review presents their composition and properties. Since ECDDT is a new technology, this article is based on a limited number of references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Vetchý
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole Fülöpová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Development and Comparison of Various Coated Hard Capsules Suitable for Enteric Administration to Small Patient Cohorts. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081577. [PMID: 36015203 PMCID: PMC9414254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical technology offers several options for protecting substances from acidic environments, such as encapsulation in enteric capsules or dosage form with enteric coating. However, commercial enteric capsules do not always meet limits for pharmacopeial delayed release, and the coating process is generally challenging. Preparing small enteric batches suitable for clinical use is, therefore, an unsolved problem. This experiment offers a simple coating process of DRcapsTM capsules based on hypromellose (HPMC) and gellan gum to achieve small intestine administration. In addition, DRcapsTM capsules were compared to hard gelatin capsules to evaluate the suitability of the coating method. Both capsules were immersed in dispersions of Eudragit® S 100, Acryl-EZE®, and Cellacefate at concentrations of 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0% and dried. Coated capsules were evaluated by electron microscopy, disintegration, and dissolution test with a two-step pH change (from 1.2 to 6.8, then to 7.5) to simulate passage through the digestive tract. DRcapsTM capsules coated with Eudragit® S and Cellacefate achieved acid resistance. While samples coated with Eudragit® S released their contents within 360 min at pH 6.8 (small intestine), regardless of polymer concentration, capsules with 15.0 and 20.0% coatings of Cellacefate released content at pH 7.5 (colon) within 435 and 495 min, respectively.
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5
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Gaurkhede SG, Osipitan OO, Dromgoole G, Spencer SA, Pasqua AJD, Deng J. 3D Printing and Dissolution Testing of Novel Capsule Shells for Use in Delivering Acetaminophen. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3829-3837. [PMID: 34469748 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Individualized drug delivery improves drug efficacy and safety for patients. To implement individualized drug delivery, patient-specific tailored dosages produced on a small scale are needed. However, current pharmaceutical manufacturing is not suitable for personalized dosage forms. Although convenient to deliver various drugs, current gelatin capsules using animal collagen protein have many limitations, such as releasing drugs too fast and incompatibility with some diets. In contrast, 3D printed capsules have great potential to advance individualized treatments. In this paper, we 3D printed and tested non-animal-based capsule shells for the delivery of acetaminophen. Capsule shells were composed of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) and PVA blends with 5-25% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Dissolution of acetaminophen when delivered in -hese capsule shells was tested using a USP dissolution test apparatus 2 (paddle type) at gastric pH. The novel shells were compared to each other and to commercially available hard gelatin capsules. Dissolution results show that acetaminophen when delivered in 3D printed capsules was slower than when delivered by gelatin capsules. Increasing the percentage of HPMC in the blend further delayed its release and dissolution. This delay could potentially increase the efficacy and reduce the side effects of acetaminophen. These shells also offer a non-animal-based alternative to gelatin capsules. Furthermore, 3D printing of capsule shells with specific polymer blends may be useful for patient-specific therapy in compounding pharmacies across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu G Gaurkhede
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy. E., Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Ositomiwa O Osipitan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, 96 Corliss Ave., Johnson City, NY 13790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy. E., Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Gary Dromgoole
- Distek, Inc. 121 N Center Dr, North Brunswick Township, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Sara A Spencer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, 96 Corliss Ave., Johnson City, NY 13790, USA
| | - Anthony J Di Pasqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, 96 Corliss Ave., Johnson City, NY 13790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy. E., Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Jia Deng
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy. E., Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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6
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Chen Q, Zhao Y, Zong Z, You N, Zhang P. Preparation and Characterization of a Hard Capsule Based on Oxidized Rice Starch and Cellulose Nanocrystals. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- QiJie Chen
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources School of Chemistry and Food Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha Hunan Province 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - YaLan Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources School of Chemistry and Food Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha Hunan Province 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - ZhangYang Zong
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources School of Chemistry and Food Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha Hunan Province 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Na You
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources School of Chemistry and Food Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha Hunan Province 410114 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources School of Chemistry and Food Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha Hunan Province 410114 People's Republic of China
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7
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Almukainzi M, Alobaid R, Aldosary M, Aldalbahi Y, Bashiri M. Investigation of the effects of different beverages on the disintegration time of over-the-counter medications in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:699-705. [PMID: 34400864 PMCID: PMC8347655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Full disintegration of Oral solid dosage forms is critically important to achieve reliable clinical performance of the drug. Tablets/capsules are supposed to be taken with a full glass of water; however, many patients do not follow this recommendation as they administer their medications with beverages other than water. This study aims to assess the impact of different commonly consumed beverages in Saudi Arabia on the disintegration times of common over-the-counter (OTC) medication tablets and capsules in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Five immediate release OTC drugs were chosen: Fevadol®, Solpadeine®, Ralaxon®, Artiz ®, and Brufen®. The disintegration times of these medications were assessed using a disintegration test in five beverages: Coca-cola, arabic coffee, orange juice, buttermilk and an energy drink. Times were compared to the disintegration time in water under two temperature conditions (37 °C and 5 °C). All beverages significantly increased the disintegration times of fevadol, solpadeine, and relaxon in comparison with water. The same was found for burfen, except that arabic coffee did not significantly increase disintegration time (p > 0.05). The disintegration time of artiz tablets was also significantly influenced by all beverages, except for Coca-cola and the energy drink, which had no significant impact on the disintegration time. The tested beverages should not be used as substitutes for water when ingesting medications. Patients should be advised to avoid consuming beverages other than water with therapeutic products. Increasing public awareness of drug-beverage interactions is needed.
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Key Words
- BCS, Biopharmaceutics classification system
- Beverages
- Compendial disintegration test
- DT, Disintegration time
- IR, Immediate release
- Immediate release
- OSDF
- OSDFs, Oral solid dosage forms
- OTC
- OTC, Over the counter
- QC, Quality control
- QbD, Quality by design
- SD, Standard deviation
- Spss, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
- USP, United States Pharmacopeia
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Affiliation(s)
- May Almukainzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alobaid
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Aldosary
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Aldalbahi
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Bashiri
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Ding H, He S, Luo W, Liu L, Wang S, Chen X. Effect of formula factors on the properties of HPMC plant hollow capsule film. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1052-1063. [PMID: 33784225 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of the hollow capsule material formulation on the capsule glue and film formation, this study used hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), carrageenan, KCl and Tween 80 as raw materials to determine the production of HPMC hollow capsules suitable formula. The optimal process conditions are as follows: the proportions of HPMC, carrageenan, KCl and Tween 80 in the solvent (purified water) are 18% (m:V), 0.7% (m:V), 0.07% (m:V) and 0.018% (V:V), respectively. Under this condition, the viscosity of the resulting solution, glue solidification temperature and gel strength were medium. The resulting film has low hygroscopicity, good solubility, optical properties and mechanical properties. This research can provide data support for the precise formulation and industrial production of HPMC hollow plant capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipu Ding
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang WanLi University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shulei He
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang WanLi University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang WanLi University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang WanLi University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sa Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang WanLi University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuhan Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang WanLi University, Ningbo, China
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9
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Marzorati M, Calatayud M, Rotsaert C, Van Mele M, Duysburgh C, Durkee S, White T, Fowler K, Jannin V, Bellamine A. Comparison of protection and release behavior of different capsule polymer combinations based on L. acidophilus survivability and function and caffeine release. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120977. [PMID: 34384885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients, nutraceuticals, enzymes or probiotics requires an appropriate delivery system for optimal bioactivity and absorption. The harsh conditions during the gastrointestinal transit can degrade the administered products, hampering their efficacy. Enteric or delayed-release pharmaceutical formulations may help overcome these issues. In a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem model (SHIME) and using caffeine as a marker for release kinetics and L. acidophilus survivability as an indicator for protection, we compared the performance of ten capsule configurations, single or DUOCAP® combinations. The function of L. acidophilus and its impact on the gut microbiota was further tested in three selected capsule types, combinations of DRcaps® capsule in DRcaps® capsule (DR-in-DR) and DRcaps® capsule in Vcaps® capsule (DR-in-VC) and single Vcaps® Plus capsule under colonic conditions. We found that under stomach and small intestine conditions, DR-in-DR and DR-in-VC led to the best performance both under fed and fasted conditions based on the slow caffeine release and the highest L. acidophilus survivability. The Vcaps® Plus capsule however, led to the quickest caffeine and probiotic release. When DR-in-DR, DR-in-VC and single Vcaps® Plus capsules were tested through the whole gastrointestinal tract, including under colonic conditions, caffeine release was found to be slower in capsules containing DRcaps® capsules compared to the single Vcaps® capsules. In addition, colonic survival of L. acidophilus was significantly increased under fasted conditions in DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC formulation compared to Vcaps® Plus capsule. To assess the impact of these formulations on the microbial function, acetate, butyrate and propionate as well as ammonia were measured. L. acidophilus released from DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC induced a significant increase in butyrate and a decrease in ammonia, suggesting a proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria and reduction in ammonia-producing bacteria. These data suggest that L. acidophilus included in DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC reaching the colon is viable and functional, potentially contributing to changes in colonic microbiota composition and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Marzorati
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Shane Durkee
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Tyler White
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Kelli Fowler
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Vincent Jannin
- Lonza Capsules and Health Ingredients, 10 rue Timken, 68000 Colmar, France.
| | - Aouatef Bellamine
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA.
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Rede K, Bolko Seljak K, Bogataj M, Gašperlin M. Can APIs that are Poorly Water‐ and Oil‐Soluble Benefit from Incorporation into SMEDDS? The Case of Dipyridamole. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Rede
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
| | - Katarina Bolko Seljak
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
| | - Marija Bogataj
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
| | - Mirjana Gašperlin
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Aškerčeva cesta 7 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
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11
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Nirale P, Arora S, Solanki A, Bhat J, Singh RK, Yadav KS. Liquid filled hard shell capsules: Current drug delivery influencing pharmaceutical technology. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:238-249. [PMID: 33645480 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210301094400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric absorption apparently is upfront route for drug delivery as it is convenient, economic and mostly suitable for getting the desired systemic effects. Unfortunately, many traditional and newer generation drugs suffer from poor solubility and thereby have lower bioavailability. With a perspective of bringing a novel delivery system in such condition for old/existing/new drugs, liquid filled hard capsules hold promise as delivery system. METHODS An organized state-of-the-art literature review including patents was done to accommodate information on the innovations in technology, processes and applications in the field of liquid filling in hard shell capsules. RESULTS The review findings revealed the importance of understanding the impact of liquid filled hard shell capsules would have in use of complex drug molecules specially the ones sensitive to light and moisture. This technology can have diverse functions to be used for both immediate and delayed drug release. Technology point of view the band sealing in such hard-shell capsules helps in providing protection against the tampering of the filled capsule. CONCLUSION The review gives an insight to the understanding of progression in the technology forefront related to formulation development of liquid formulations to be filled in hard shell capsules for better therapeutic potentials and convenience to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhuti Nirale
- ShobhabenPratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. India
| | - Shivani Arora
- ShobhabenPratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. India
| | | | | | - Rishi Kumar Singh
- ShobhabenPratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- ShobhabenPratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. India
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12
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Ding Y, Jiang F, Chen L, Lyu W, Chi Z, Liu C, Chi Z. An Alternative Hard Capsule Prepared with the High Molecular Weight Pullulan and Gellan: Processing, Characterization, and In Vitro Drug Release. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Characterization, Disintegration, and Dissolution Analyses of Carrageenan-Based Hard-Shell Capsules Cross-Linked with Maltodextrin as a Potential Alternative Drug Delivery System. INT J POLYM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3565931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hard-shell capsules commonly consist of gelatin which is not a universal material considering it is extracted from animal parts. Moreover, the mad cow disease triggered the scrutinization of the use of gelatin in pharmaceutical products. Hence, an alternative to conventional hard-shell capsules is needed. Carrageenan- (CRG-) based hard-shell capsules were successfully prepared by cross-linking CRG with maltodextrin (MD) and plasticizing with sorbitol (SOR). These CRG-MD/SOR hard-shell capsules were produced as an alternative to conventional hard-shell capsules in the oral drug delivery system (DDS). The physical properties of CRG-MD/SOR capsules were characterized using the degree of swelling, FTIR, and SEM analyses. The disintegration and dissolution profile release of paracetamol from CRG-MD/SOR hard-shell capsules was performed in an aqueous medium with three different pH levels. The degree of swelling of CRG-MD/SOR was 529.23±128.10%. The main peaks in the FTIR spectrum of CRG-MD/SOR were at 1248, 930, 847, and 805 cm−1 for ester sulfate groups, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, galactose-4-sulfate, and 3,6-anhydrogalactose-2-sulfate, respectively. The SEM analysis exhibited minuscule pores on the surface of CRG and CRG-MD/SOR at 5000 times of magnification. The CRG-MD/SOR capsules required 18.47±0.11 min on average to disintegrate. The CRG-MD/SOR dissolution was better in a weakly acidic medium (pH 4.5) than in a strongly acidic (pH 1.2) and neutral (pH 6.8) media. Based on the aforementioned results, CRG-MD/SOR capsules are the potential candidate to replace conventional hard-shell capsules.
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Gómez-Lado N, Seoane-Viaño I, Matiz S, Madla CM, Yadav V, Aguiar P, Basit AW, Goyanes A. Gastrointestinal Tracking and Gastric Emptying of Coated Capsules in Rats with or without Sedation Using CT imaging. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12010081. [PMID: 31963818 PMCID: PMC7023106 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following oral administration, gastric emptying is often a rate-limiting step in the absorption of drugs and is dependent on both physiological and pharmaceutical factors. To guide translation into humans, small animal imaging during pre-clinical studies has been increasingly used to localise the gastrointestinal transit of solid dosage forms. In contrast to humans, however, anaesthesia is usually required for effective imaging in animals which may have unintended effects on intestinal physiology. This study evaluated the effect of anaesthesia and capsule size on the gastric emptying rate of coated capsules in rats. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was used to track and locate the capsules through the gastrointestinal tract. Two commercial gelatine mini-capsules (size 9 and 9h) were filled with barium sulphate (contrast agent) and coated using Eudragit L. Under the effect of anaesthesia, none of the capsules emptied from the stomach. In non-anaesthetised rats, most of the size 9 capsules did not empty from the stomach, whereas the majority of the smaller size 9h capsules successfully emptied from the stomach and moved into the intestine. This study demonstrates that even with capsules designed to empty from the stomach in rats, the gastric emptying of such solid oral dosage forms is not guaranteed. In addition, the use of anaesthesia was found to abolish gastric emptying of both capsule sizes. The work herein further highlights the utility of CT imaging for the effective visualisation and location of solid dosage forms in the intestinal tract of rats without the use of anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Gómez-Lado
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Molecular Imaging Group, University Clinical Hospital (CHUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Iria Seoane-Viaño
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Silvia Matiz
- Intract Pharma, Royal College St, London NW1 0NH, UK; (S.M.); (V.Y.)
| | - Christine M. Madla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Intract Pharma, Royal College St, London NW1 0NH, UK; (S.M.); (V.Y.)
| | - Pablo Aguiar
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Molecular Imaging Group, University Clinical Hospital (CHUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (A.W.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
- FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford TN24 0RW, UK
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (A.W.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Alvaro Goyanes
- FabRx Ltd., 3 Romney Road, Ashford TN24 0RW, UK
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I + D Farma Group (GI-1645), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (A.W.B.); (A.G.)
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Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Results Using the GastroDuo and the Salivary Tracer Technique: Immediate Release Dosage Forms under Fasting Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120659. [PMID: 31817867 PMCID: PMC6956200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fasted state administration of immediate release (IR) dosage forms is often regarded as uncritical since physiological aspects seem to play a minor role for disintegration and drug release. However, recent in vivo studies in humans have highlighted that fasted state conditions are in fact highly dynamic. It was therefore the aim of this study to investigate the disintegration and drug release behavior of four different IR formulations of the probe drug caffeine under physiologically relevant conditions with the aid of the GastroDuo. One film-coated tablet and three different capsule formulations based on capsule shells either made from hard gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were tested in six different test programs. To evaluate the relevance of the data generated, the four IR formulations were also studied in a four-way cross-over study in 14 healthy volunteers by using the salivary tracer technique (STT). It could be shown that the IR formulations behaved differently in the in vitro test programs. Thereby, the simulated parameters affected the disintegration and dissolution behavior of the four IR formulations in different ways. Whereas drug release from the tablet started early and was barely affected by temperature, pH or motility, the different capsule formulations showed a longer lag time and were sensitive to specific parameters. However, once drug release was initiated, it typically progressed with a higher rate for the capsules compared to the tablet. Interestingly, the results obtained with the STT were not always in line with the in vitro data. This observation was due to the fact that the probability of the different test programs was not equal and that certain scenarios were rather unlikely to occur under the controlled and standardized conditions of clinical studies. Nonetheless, the in vitro data are still valuable as they allowed to discriminate between different formulations.
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Chen L, Chi Z, Liu GL, Xue SJ, Wang ZP, Hu Z, Chi ZM. Improved pullulan production by a mutant of Aureobasidium melanogenum TN3-1 from a natural honey and capsule shell preparation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:268-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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The mechanisms of pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions - A perspective from the UNGAP group. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 134:31-59. [PMID: 30974173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous intake of food and drugs can have a strong impact on drug release, absorption, distribution, metabolism and/or elimination and consequently, on the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. As such, food-drug interactions are one of the main challenges in oral drug administration. Whereas pharmacokinetic (PK) food-drug interactions can have a variety of causes, pharmacodynamic (PD) food-drug interactions occur due to specific pharmacological interactions between a drug and particular drinks or food. In recent years, extensive efforts were made to elucidate the mechanisms that drive pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions. Their occurrence depends mainly on the properties of the drug substance, the formulation and a multitude of physiological factors. Every intake of food or drink changes the physiological conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a precise understanding of how different foods and drinks affect the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and/or elimination as well as formulation performance is important in order to be able to predict and avoid such interactions. Furthermore, it must be considered that beverages such as milk, grapefruit juice and alcohol can also lead to specific food-drug interactions. In this regard, the growing use of food supplements and functional food requires urgent attention in oral pharmacotherapy. Recently, a new consortium in Understanding Gastrointestinal Absorption-related Processes (UNGAP) was established through COST, a funding organisation of the European Union supporting translational research across Europe. In this review of the UNGAP Working group "Food-Drug Interface", the different mechanisms that can lead to pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions are discussed and summarised from different expert perspectives.
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18
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Grimm M, Ball K, Scholz E, Schneider F, Sivert A, Benameur H, Kromrey ML, Kühn JP, Weitschies W. Characterization of the gastrointestinal transit and disintegration behavior of floating and sinking acid-resistant capsules using a novel MRI labeling technique. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:163-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Liu Y, Li B, Zhang K, Li J, Hou H. Novel hard capsule prepared by tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) scale gelatin and konjac glucomannan: Characterization, and in vitro dissolution. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:254-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Chylomicron mimicking solid lipid nanoemulsions encapsulated enteric minicapsules targeted to colon for immunization against hepatitis B. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:317-329. [PMID: 30503974 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oral route is one of the most convenient routes for drug and/or vaccine delivery. Yet variable nature of gastrointestinal tract due to transient changes in pH, physiology, and flora throughout the gut together with hostile nature of peptide drugs/vaccines when given by this route results in limited success. Colon targeting is a recent area of interest for most of the research among which hard gelatin coated capsules is one such important and useful contrivance. The present study assesses the mucosal immunization with HBsAg loaded lyophilized nanoparticles delivered in the colonic region using enteric coated minicapsules. Designed minicapsules offers better compliance and oral vaccine antigen delivery to the colonic region which involving mucosal exposure thus mimicking the natural pathogen entry in the body. The present study is an extension of our reported work where nanoparticles were administered to the colon through the rectal route. Lyophilized nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, in-vitro release and antigen integrity along with cell uptake study. Particles had ~241 ± 32 nm sizes, flattened yet spherical in morphology. Enteric coated minicapsules were evaluated for size, coating thickness, and dissolution profile. In-vivo immune response assured its immunogenic potential with profound IgG (485 ± 41 mIU/ml) and IgA (885 ± 126 mIU/ml) antibody production as compared to marketed recombinant hepatitis B antigen formulation (Gene Vac-B®) which induce IgG and IgA titer; 1027 ± 62 mIU/ml and 220 ± 11 mIU/ml respectively following well established immunization protocol. Former induced significant mucosal immunity due to the involvement of Common Mucosal Immune System (CMIS). The study supports the workable novel approach for immune protection against hepatitis B.
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Prakash A, Soni H, Mishra A, Sarma P. Are your capsules vegetarian or nonvegetarian: An ethical and scientific justification. Indian J Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29515283 PMCID: PMC5830853 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_409_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsules are important component of day to day health management. But recently an issue came up whether the capsule you are using is of vegetarian or non-vegetarian origin. Capsule shell can be divided into vegetarian and non-vegetarian origin on the basis of their origin. Gelatin capsule shell are typically of animal origin and HPMC or starch based shells are of vegetarian origin. CDSCO received one proposal to replace all non veg capsule with capsule of vegetarian origin. CDSCO has invited comments from different stakeholders regarding this. So, in this editorial, we are addressing different issues lying behind veg and non-veg capsules and scientific justification of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hariom Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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22
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PET/CT imaging of 3D printed devices in the gastrointestinal tract of rodents. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Gullapalli RP, Mazzitelli CL. Gelatin and Non-Gelatin Capsule Dosage Forms. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1453-1465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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25
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TEMPO-oxidized Konjac glucomannan as appliance for the preparation of hard capsules. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 143:262-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Hotha KK, Roychowdhury S, Subramanian V. Drug-Excipient Interactions: Case Studies and Overview of Drug Degradation Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2016.71011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Staelens D, Liang S, Appeltans B, Van de Wouwer M, Van den Mooter G, Van Assche G, Himmelreich U, Vande Velde G. Visualization of delayed release of compounds from pH-sensitive capsules in vitro and in vivo in a hamster model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:24-31. [PMID: 26190202 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Delayed controlled release is an innovative strategy to locally administer therapeutic compounds (e.g. chemotherapeutics, antibodies etc.). This would improve efficiency and reduce side effects compared with systemic administration. To enable the evaluation of the efficacy of controlled release strategies both in vitro and in vivo, we investigated the release of contrast agents ((19)F-FDG and BaSO4) to the intestinal tract from capsules coated with pH-sensitive polymers (EUDRAGIT L-100) by using two complementary techniques, i.e. (19)F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Using in vitro (19)F-MRI, we were able to non-destructively and dynamically establish a time window of 2 h during which the capsules are resistant to low pH. With (19)F-MRI, we could establish the exact time point when the capsules became water permeable, before physical degradation of the capsule. This was complemented by CT imaging, which provided longitudinal information on physical degradation of the capsule at low pH that was only seen after 230 min. After oral administration to hamsters, (19)F-MRI visualized the early event whereby the capsule becomes water permeable after 2 h. Additionally, using CT, the integrity and location (stomach and small intestines) of the capsule after administration could be monitored. In conclusion, we propose combined (19)F-MRI and CT to non-invasively visualize the different temporal and spatial events regarding the release of compounds, both in an in vitro setting and in the gastrointestinal tract of small animal models. This multimodal imaging approach will enable the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of further technical improvements to controlled release strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Staelens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Appeltans
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Van de Wouwer
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Review for carrageenan-based pharmaceutical biomaterials: favourable physical features versus adverse biological effects. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 121:27-36. [PMID: 25659668 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan (CRG) is a family of natural polysaccharides derived from seaweeds and has widely been used as food additives. In the past decade, owing to its attractive physicochemical properties, CRG has been developed into versatile biomaterials vehicles for drug delivery. Nevertheless, studies also emerged to reveal its adverse effects on the biological system. In this review, we critically appraise the latest literature (two thirds since 2008) on the development of CRG-based pharmaceutical vehicles and the perspective of using CRG for broader biomedical applications. We focus on how current strategies exploit the unique gelling mechanisms, strong water absorption and abundant functional groups of the three major CRG varieties. Notably, CRG-based matrices are demonstrated to increase drug loading and drug solubility, enabling release of orally administrated drugs in zero-order or in a significantly prolonged period. Other amazing features, such as pH-sensitivity and adhesive property, of CRG-based formulations are also introduced. Finally, we discuss the adverse influence of CRG on the human body and then suggest some future directions for the development of CRG-based biomaterials for broader applications in biomedicine.
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29
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Garbacz G, Cadé D, Benameur H, Weitschies W. Bio-relevant dissolution testing of hard capsules prepared from different shell materials using the dynamic open flow through test apparatus. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Li L, Ni R, Shao Y, Mao S. Carrageenan and its applications in drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Varum F, Hatton G, Basit A. Food, physiology and drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:446-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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32
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Glube N, Moos LV, Duchateau G. Capsule shell material impacts the in vitro disintegration and dissolution behaviour of a green tea extract. RESULTS IN PHARMA SCIENCES 2013; 3:1-6. [PMID: 25755998 PMCID: PMC3940125 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinphs.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In vitro disintegration and dissolution are routine methods used to assess the performance and quality of oral dosage forms. The purpose of the current work was to determine the potential for interaction between capsule shell material and a green tea extract and the impact it can have on the release. Methods A green tea extract was formulated into simple powder-in-capsule formulations of which the capsule shell material was either of gelatin or HPMC origin. The disintegration times were determined together with the dissolution profiles in compendial and biorelevant media. Results All formulations disintegrated within 30 min, meeting the USP criteria for botanical formulations. An immediate release dissolution profile was achieved for gelatin capsules in all media but not for the specified HPMC formulations. Dissolution release was especially impaired for HPMCgell at pH 1.2 and for both HPMC formulations in FeSSIF media suggesting the potential for food interactions. Conclusions The delayed release from studied HPMC capsule materials is likely attributed to an interaction between the catechins, the major constituents of the green tea extract, and the capsule shell material. An assessment of in vitro dissolution is recommended prior to the release of a dietary supplement or clinical trial investigational product to ensure efficacy.
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Key Words
- BA, bioavailability
- BCS, biopharmaceutical classification system
- C, catechin
- DS, dietary supplement
- Disintegration
- EC, epicatechin
- ECG, epicatechin gallate
- EGC, epigallocatechin
- EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate
- FaSSIF, fasted state simulated intestinal fluid
- FeSSIF, fed state simulated intestinal fluid
- Formulation
- GA, gallic acid
- GTE, green tea extract
- Green tea extract
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- HPMCcarr, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose containing carrageenan
- HPMCgell, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose containing gellan gum
- Hard shell capsule
- IR, immediate release
- In vitro dissolution
- PIC, powder-in-capsule
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluid
- USP, United States Pharmacopeia
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guus Duchateau
- Correspondence to: Unilever Research & Development, Nutrition & Health Department, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 10 460 6470; fax: +31 10 460 5993.
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33
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Ouellet D, Grossmann KF, Limentani G, Nebot N, Lan K, Knowles L, Gordon MS, Sharma S, Infante JR, Lorusso PM, Pande G, Krachey EC, Blackman SC, Carson SW. Effects of particle size, food, and capsule shell composition on the oral bioavailability of dabrafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, in patients with BRAF mutation-positive tumors. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3100-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Impact of Excipient Interactions on Solid Dosage Form Stability. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2660-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Vardakou M, Mercuri A, Naylor TA, Rizzo D, Butler JM, Connolly PC, Wickham MSJ, Faulks RM. Predicting the human in vivo performance of different oral capsule shell types using a novel in vitro dynamic gastric model. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:192-9. [PMID: 21843611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The disintegration of a capsule shell may determine the onset of drug dissolution from capsule formulations. In this study, the release of a rapidly dissolving model drug (paracetamol), from two hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capsules containing either carageenan (HPMC-C) or gellan gum (HPMC-G) and one hard gelatin (HG) capsule, were investigated using a conventional in vitro model, the USP dissolution apparatus I, and a novel in vitro model of the human gastric compartment, the dynamic gastric model (DGM). The results obtained in vitro were compared with in vivo gamma scintigraphy human data and in vivo gastric emptying profiles available in the literature. The drug release from HPMC-G capsules, observed with the USP dissolution apparatus I, was delayed with respect to the other two capsules, while the results obtained from the DGM in the fasted state were closer together, which was in agreement with data from the in vivo studies. In the fasted state, the capsule rupture times obtained from the DGM were similar to those observed by gamma scintigraphy in vivo studies. In the fed state, the 'apparent' rupture times observed with the DGM were delayed compared to fasted, and were even longer than those observed by scintigraphy in vivo for HPMC-G and HG capsules. However, these discrepancies can reasonably be explained by considering the impact of food upon dispersion of the capsule contents and the sampling from the DGM, when compared to the human scintigraphy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vardakou
- Model Gut Platform, Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
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36
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Ku MS, Lu Q, Li W, Chen Y. Performance qualification of a new hypromellose capsule: Part II. Disintegration and dissolution comparison between two types of hypromellose capsules. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:16-24. [PMID: 21356291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Part II paper describes the disintegration and dissolution aspects of the qualification of a new hypromellose capsule (HPMC Shell 2). This new capsule does not contain any gelling agent, and is manufactured by a thermal gelation process. Rupture time of the carrageenan-containing capsule (HPMC Shell 1) and HPMC Shell 2, as measured by an improved real-time detection method, showed only slight differences that did not manifest in vivo. The absence of a gelling agent appeared to give HPMC Shell 2 advantages in dissolution in acidic media and in buffers containing potassium ions. Slow drug release of HPMC Shell 1 in 0.1M HCl was attributed to the interaction of carrageenan with drug compounds; whereas the presence of potassium ions, a gelling promoter for carrageenan, caused delay in capsule opening and larger capsule-to-capsule variation. Disintegration and dissolution performances of both hypromellose capsules are comparable in other dissolution media tested. Based on the superior dissolution performances and quality attributes in terms of physical, mechanical and processability that were detailed in Paper I, the new hypromellose capsule was satisfactorily qualified and has since been used in nearly 20 investigational new drug (IND) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sherry Ku
- Pharmaceutical Development, Wyeth Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
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Saphier S, Rosner A, Brandeis R, Karton Y. Gastro intestinal tracking and gastric emptying of solid dosage forms in rats using X-ray imaging. Int J Pharm 2010; 388:190-5. [PMID: 20079410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the gastrointestinal transit and gastric emptying of non-disintegrating solid dosage forms in rats using X-ray imaging. Commercial gelatin minicapsules were filled with barium sulfate and enterically coated using Eudragit S100. The capsules were administered orally to rats followed by a solution of iodine based contrast agent iopromide. Images were obtained using a standard X-ray camera and digital film processing. Capsules were followed through the GI tract from the stomach to the small intestine, cecum and large intestine and the capsule location could be easily identified. Gastric emptying of different sized capsules was studied. The effect of fasting and time of administration on gastric retention was also studied. It was found that shortened capsules of 3.5 and 4.8mm length were emptied from the stomach whereas the commercial length 7.18mm capsules were retained. Surprisingly, 2.5h post administration more rats retained the capsules in the stomach in the fasted state than in the fed state. We found that X-ray imaging can be used for simple visualization and localization of solid dosage forms in rats in the fed state using shortened commercial minicapsules on rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Saphier
- The Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel.
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