1
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A Review on Forced Degradation Strategies to Establish the Stability of Therapeutic Peptide Formulations. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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2
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Two peak elution behavior of a monoclonal antibody in cation exchange chromatography as a screening tool for excipients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123563. [PMID: 36525885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of proteins is a critical quality attribute and a major concern during the purification of therapeutic proteins, like monoclonal antibodies. In-solution experiments applying different stress scenarios, e.g., mechanical, or physical stresses, can determine the overall conformational stability of the protein to enhance drug product shelf-life. Several groups have reported surface-induced unfolding and aggregation of monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives during cation exchange chromatography, which results in a two-peak elution behavior of the protein and its species. We have investigated universal influencing factors, like temperature and hold time, on this phenomenon. The formation of the second peak is a kinetic process, which is strongly influenced by temperature during the hold time. However, our main focus was the application of excipients and their influence on the two-peak elution behavior. We compared the on-column screening results with results obtained through a "traditional" in-solution screening using nanoDSF. Mostly, stabilizing excipients, like Sucrose, show their stabilizing abilities in both systems, but some discrepancies, e.g., using Arginine, between the two orthogonal techniques show the potential of the on-column screening system to lead to unexpected results, which would not necessarily be visible in in-solution experiments.
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3
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Mehanna MM, Abla KK. Recent Advances in Freeze-Drying: Variables, Cycle Optimization, and Innovative Techniques. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:904-923. [PMID: 36174214 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2129385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-drying (FD) is the most substantial drying technique utilized in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries. It is a drying process where the solvent is crystallized at low temperatures and then sublimed from the solid-state directly into the vapor phase. Although FD possesses several merits as its suitability for thermolabile materials and its ability to produce dry products with high-quality attributes, it is a complex and prolonged process that requires optimization of both; process and formulation variables. This review attains to disassemble freeze-drying complications through a detailed explanation of the lyophilization concept, stages, the factors influencing the process including controlled ice nucleation, and the modified and innovative freeze-drying technologies proposed in recent years to overcome the shortage of traditional freeze-drying. In addition, this work points out the quality by design (QbD), critical quality of attributes (CQAs), limitations, and drawbacks of lyophilization.HighlightsLyophilization is a propitious drying technique for thermolabile materials.Optimizing the lyophilization cycle requires controlling the process parameters.The formulation excipients and the dispersion medium play crucial roles in designing a successful process.Numerous approaches were developed to ameliorate the lyophilization performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mehanna
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kawthar K Abla
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
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4
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Sonje J, Thakral S, Mayhugh B, Sacha G, Nail S, Srinivasan J, Suryanarayanan R. Mannitol Hemihydrate in Lyophilized Protein Formulations:Impact of its Dehydration During Storage on Sucrose Crystallinity and Protein Stability. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121974. [PMID: 35787458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The high propensity of mannitol to crystallize in frozen solutions along with its high eutectic temperature enabling higher primary drying temperatures makes it a good bulking agent. In protein formulations, addition of a sugar (sucrose) that has the ability to remain amorphous throughout processing as well as storage, it is imperative to retain the protein in its native state. It is well known that in the presence of amorphous excipients and protein, mannitol can crystallize as a mixture of anhydrous polymorphs - α-, β- and δ-forms and a hemihydrate form [mannitol hemihydrate (MHH); C6H14O6·0.5H2O]. The conditions of formation of MHH due to processing and formulation variables are well established in the literature. However, MHH's dehydration kinetics on storage and its impact on the stability of a protein has not been systematically evaluated. The overall objective was to identify conditions (temperature and humidity) at which MHH can dehydrate on storage and the consequences of the release of associated water on sucrose phase behavior and protein stability. In a mannitol-sucrose-protein lyophile, the purpose of this study was (i) to investigate the dehydration behavior of MHH (ii) to determine the influence of dehydration on sucrose crystallization and (iii) the effect of moisture released due to MHH dehydration on model protein (Bovine serum albumin, BSA or Human serum albumin, HSA) aggregation. MHH dehydration and sucrose crystallization was observed in cases where the relative humidity was ≥ 55% (open vials). A relative humidity of ≤ 33% RH prevented MHH dehydration while retaining sucrose amorphous. No protein aggregation was observed irrespective of presence of MHH or its dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Sonje
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Seema Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Brendan Mayhugh
- Baxter Global Science and Technology, 927 S. Curry Pike, Bloomington, IN 47403
| | - Gregory Sacha
- Baxter Global Science and Technology, 927 S. Curry Pike, Bloomington, IN 47403
| | - Steve Nail
- Baxter Global Science and Technology, 927 S. Curry Pike, Bloomington, IN 47403
| | - Jayasree Srinivasan
- Baxter Global Science and Technology, 927 S. Curry Pike, Bloomington, IN 47403.
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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5
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Davagnino J, Gabrielson JP. Developing Lyophilized Formulations for Protein Biopharmaceuticals Containing Salt that Produce Placebos of Corresponding Appearance. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2930-2937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Kharatyan T, Gopireddy SR, Ogawa T, Kodama T, Nishimoto N, Osada S, Scherließ R, Urbanetz NA. Quantitative Analysis of Glassy State Relaxation and Ostwald Ripening during Annealing Using Freeze-Drying Microscopy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061176. [PMID: 35745749 PMCID: PMC9231378 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercooling during the freezing of pharmaceutical solutions often leads to suboptimal freeze-drying results, such as long primary drying times or a collapse in the cake structure. Thermal treatment of the frozen solution, known as annealing, can improve those issues by influencing properties such as the pore size and collapse temperature of the lyophilisate. In this study we aimed to show that annealing causes a rearrangement of water molecules between ice crystals, as well as between the freeze-concentrated amorphous matrix and the crystalline ice phase in a frozen binary aqueous solution. Ice crystal sizes, as well as volume fractions of the crystalline and amorphous phases of 10% (w/w) sucrose and trehalose solutions, were quantified after annealing using freeze-drying microscopy and image labelling. Depending on the annealing time and temperature, the amorphous phase was shown to decrease its volume due to the crystallisation of vitreous water (i.e., glassy state relaxation) while the crystalline phase was undergoing coarsening (i.e., Ostwald ripening). These results allow, for the first time, a quantitative comparison of the two phenomena. It was demonstrated that glassy state relaxation and Ostwald ripening, although occurring simultaneously, are distinct processes that follow different kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran Kharatyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.K.); (R.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Development, Daiichi-Sankyo Europe GmbH, 85276 Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm, Germany;
| | - Srikanth R. Gopireddy
- Pharmaceutical Development, Daiichi-Sankyo Europe GmbH, 85276 Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Toru Ogawa
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Hiratsuka 254-0014, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (N.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Tatsuhiro Kodama
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Hiratsuka 254-0014, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (N.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Norihiro Nishimoto
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Hiratsuka 254-0014, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (N.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Sayaka Osada
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Hiratsuka 254-0014, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (N.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Nora A. Urbanetz
- Pharmaceutical Development, Daiichi-Sankyo Europe GmbH, 85276 Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm, Germany;
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7
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Stange C, Hafiz S, Korpus C, Skudas R, Frech C. Influence of excipients in Protein A chromatography and virus inactivation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122848. [PMID: 34274642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purification of monoclonal antibodies and Fc fusion proteins consist of several unit operations operated commonly as a platform approach, starting with Protein A chromatography. The first capture step, the following low pH virus inactivation, and subsequent ion exchange chromatography steps are mostly able to remove any impurities, like host cell proteins, aggregates, and viruses. The changes in pH and conductivity during these steps can lead to additional unwanted product species like aggregates. In this study, excipients with stabilizing abilities, like polyols, were used as buffer system additives to study their impact on several aspects during Protein A chromatography, low pH virus inactivation, and cation exchange chromatography. The results show that excipients, like PEG4000, influence antibody elution behavior, as well as host-cell protein elution behavior in a pH-gradient setup. Sugar excipients, like Sucrose, stabilize the antibody during low pH virus inactivation. All excipients tested show no negative impact on virus inactivation and dynamic binding capacity in a subsequent cation exchange chromatography step. This study indicates that excipients and, possibly excipient combinations, can have a beneficial effect on purification without harming subsequent downstream processing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Stange
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Supriyadi Hafiz
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Romas Skudas
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.
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8
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Thakral S, Sonje J, Munjal B, Suryanarayanan R. Stabilizers and their interaction with formulation components in frozen and freeze-dried protein formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:1-19. [PMID: 33741437 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on protein stabilization during freezing and freeze-drying in relation to stress conditions commonly encountered during these processes. The traditional as well as refined mechanisms by which excipients may stabilize proteins are presented. These stabilizers encompass a wide variety of compounds including sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, surfactants, buffers and polymers. The rational selection of excipients for use in frozen and freeze-dried protein formulations is presented. Lyophilized protein formulations are generally multicomponent systems, providing numerous possibilities of excipient-excipient and protein-excipient interactions. The interplay of different formulation components on the protein stability and excipient functionality in the frozen and freeze-dried systems are reviewed, with discussion of representative examples of such interactions.
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9
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Investigation of lyophilized formulation susceptible to the ramp rate of shelf temperature in the primary drying process. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Powell T, Knight MJ, Wood A, O'Hara J, Burkitt W. Photoinduced cross-linking of formulation buffer amino acids to monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:35-41. [PMID: 33508437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The correct choice of formulation buffer is a critical aspect of drug development and is chosen primarily to improve the stability of a protein therapeutic and protect against degradation. Amino acids are frequently incorporated into formulation buffers. In this study we have identified and characterized light induced cross-links between the side chain of histidine residues in an IgG4 monoclonal antibody and different amino acids commonly used in formulation buffers. These reactions have the potential to impact the overall product quality of the drug. The structure of each cross-link identified was elucidated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD). Furthermore, we speculate on the role of amino acids in formulation buffers and their influence on mAb stability. We theorize that whilst the adduction of formulation buffer amino acids could have a negative impact on product quality, it may protect against other pathways of photo-degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powell
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough SL3WE, UK.
| | - Michael J Knight
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough SL3WE, UK
| | - Amanda Wood
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough SL3WE, UK
| | - John O'Hara
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough SL3WE, UK
| | - William Burkitt
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough SL3WE, UK
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11
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Seifert I, Bregolin A, Fissore D, Friess W. The Influence of Arginine and Counter-Ions: Antibody Stability during Freeze-Drying. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:2017-2027. [PMID: 33316241 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids, for example L-arginine, are used in lyophilisation as crystalline bulking, buffering, viscosity reducing or stabilising excipients. In this study, arginine was formulated with different counter ions (hydrochloride, citrate, lactobionate, phosphate, and succinate). A monoclonal antibody was investigated in sugar-free arginine formulations and mixtures with sucrose regarding cake appearance and protein aggregation and fragmentation. Arginine hydrochloride formulations collapsed during lyophilisation due to its low Tg' and partially crystallised during storage, but provided the best protein stability at low antibody concentration, followed by arginine succinate. Arginine citrate/phosphate/lactobionate formulations resulted in amorphous elegant cakes, but inferior protein stability. Addition of sucrose improved cake appearance and protein stability. Arginine phosphate with sucrose resulted in similar protein stability as the sucrose reference. Mixtures of sucrose with arginine hydrochloride/lactobionate/succinate provided better stability than sucrose alone. While 50 mg/mL antibody improved the cake appearance, only arginine lactobionate provided sufficient protein stability next to sucrose. Overall, sugar-free arginine hydrochloride and lactobionate lyophilisates stabilised the antibody comparably or better than sucrose depending on antibody concentration. The best protein stability was found for mixtures of arginine hydrochloride/lactobionate/succinate with sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Seifert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bregolin
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Fissore
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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12
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Butreddy A, Dudhipala N, Janga KY, Gaddam RP. Lyophilization of Small-Molecule Injectables: an Industry Perspective on Formulation Development, Process Optimization, Scale-Up Challenges, and Drug Product Quality Attributes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:252. [PMID: 32885357 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyophilization is a pivotal manufacturing process to obtain a stable drug product that is unstable as a ready-to-use formulation. Some formulations may require the addition of drug-specific excipients such as stabilizers, buffers, and bulking agents to support the cake appearance and ensure long-term stability of the drug product. Optimization of the lyophilization process parameters at each stage including freezing and primary and secondary drying is important because these parameters can have a direct impact on the process efficiency (shortened cycle time) and product performance (cake appearance and homogeneous moisture content). Several parameters of the formulation, including properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, excipients, solvent system, and container closure, determine the success of lyophilization. Development, scale-up, and transfer of the lyophilization cycle are challenging; hence, a comprehensive understanding of the critical parameters related to the formulation, lyophilization process, and lyophilizer design allows designing a quality drug product. One approach for a successful transfer of the lyophilization cycle between the laboratory and commercial-scale lyophilizer is using vial heat transfer coefficient and ice slab test to establish a maximum sublimation rate. This review provides a general overview of the lyophilization process and discusses several key considerations and product development aspects of formulation, process optimization, container closure system, scale-up principles, and drug product quality attributes from the industrial viewpoint. Grapical abstract.
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13
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Simon N, Sperber C, Voigtländer C, Born J, Gilbert DF, Seyferth S, Lee G, Kappes B, Friedrich O. Improved stability of polyclonal antibodies: A case study with lyophilization-conserved antibodies raised against epitopes from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105086. [PMID: 31626961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies can be produced as polyclonal (pAb) or monoclonal (mAb) liquid formulations with limited shelf-life. For pAbs, unlike mAbs, only little is known about excipients and lyophilization affecting antibody stability upon reconstitution. We used a model pAb directed against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase 2 (Pdx2) to systemically study effects of bulking agents (amino acids, phosphate buffers, salt solutions), sugar(alcohols), surfactants and protein additions (bovine serum albumin, BSA) in liquid pAb formulations (isolated or in combinations) on the activity to detect the antigen in Pf extracts by Western blots. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles (20x) and extended room temperature storage markedly compromised pAb stability, the former being ameliorated by addition of cryoprotectants (glycerol, sucrose). Lyophilization of pure liquid pAb formulation markedly decreased antibody reactivity upon reconstitution which was not preserved by most bulking agents tested (e.g., histidine, arginine, acetate). Among the tested salt solutions (NaCl, Ringer, PBS), phosphate buffered saline had the largest lyoprotective potential, alongside sucrose, but not trehalose or maltitol. Among combinations of excipients, PBS, sucrose, low concentration BSA and Tween potently preserved PfPdx2 stability. Results for PBS were transferable to PfEnolase pAb, indicating that some of the formulations investigated here might be a low-cost solution for more general applicability to pAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Simon
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany.
| | - Christine Sperber
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany; Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Cornelia Voigtländer
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Julia Born
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Daniel F Gilbert
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Stefan Seyferth
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Barbara Kappes
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany.
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14
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Le Basle Y, Chennell P, Tokhadze N, Astier A, Sautou V. Physicochemical Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:169-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Unique Impacts of Methionine Oxidation, Tryptophan Oxidation, and Asparagine Deamidation on Antibody Stability and Aggregation. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:656-669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Madani F, Hsein H, Busignies V, Tchoreloff P. An overview on dosage forms and formulation strategies for vaccines and antibodies oral delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:133-148. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1689402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Jain D, Mahammad SS, Singh PP, Kodipyaka R. A review on parenteral delivery of peptides and proteins. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1403-1420. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1628770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divisha Jain
- Custom Pharma Services (CPS), Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - S. Shahe Mahammad
- Custom Pharma Services (CPS), Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pirthi Pal Singh
- Custom Pharma Services (CPS), Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravinder Kodipyaka
- Custom Pharma Services (CPS), Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd, Hyderabad, India
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18
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Ohori R, Akita T, Yamashita C. Mechanism of collapse of amorphous-based lyophilized cake induced by slow ramp during the shelf ramp process. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:461-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Meng-Lund H, Holm TP, Poso A, Jorgensen L, Rantanen J, Grohganz H. Exploring the chemical space for freeze-drying excipients. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:254-263. [PMID: 31145963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Commonly, a limited number of generally accepted bulking agents and lyoprotectants are used for freeze-drying; predominantly mannitol, glycine, sucrose and trehalose. The purpose of this study was to combine a theoretical approach using molecular descriptors with a large scale experimental screening to evaluate the suitability of a broad range of excipients for freeze-drying. A large selection of sugars, polyols and amino acids was characterized by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) after well-plate based freeze-drying. The calculated molecular descriptors were investigated with both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. A clear clustering of the excipients according to the size-related and weight-related descriptors was observed; however other relevant descriptors could also be identified. From a practical perspective, a trend was observed with regard to a higher likelihood for amorphisation and a higher glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution with increasing molecular size. A translation of the molecular descriptors on pharmaceutical performance was more successful for lyoprotectants than for bulking agents. Additionally, in the course of the experimental screening, several new potential bulking agents and lyoprotectants were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Meng-Lund
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Palle Holm
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antti Poso
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Internal Medicine VIII, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lene Jorgensen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Anko M, Bjelošević M, Planinšek O, Trstenjak U, Logar M, Ahlin Grabnar P, Brus B. The formation and effect of mannitol hemihydrate on the stability of monoclonal antibody in the lyophilized state. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:106-116. [PMID: 30999044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline bulking agent in lyophilized biopharmaceutical formulations provides an elegant lyophilized cake structure and allows aggressive primary drying conditions. The interplay between amorphous and crystalline state of excipients heavily influence the stability of lyophilized biological products and should be carefully evaluated in the formulation and process development phase. This study focuses on: (1) elucidating the influence of formulation and lyophilization process variables on the formation of different states of mannitol and (2) its impact on model monoclonal antibody stability when compared to sucrose. The main aim of the present research work was to study the influence of different mannitol to sucrose ratios and monoclonal antibody concentrations on mannitol physical form established during lyophilization. In addition, also the effect of process variables on mannitol hemihydrate (MHH) formation was under investigation. Thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction results revealed that the ratio between sucrose and mannitol and mAb concentration have a decisive impact on mannitol crystallization. Namely, increasing amount of mannitol and monoclonal antibody resulted in decreasing formation of MHH. From the process parameters investigated, a higher secondary drying temperature has the biggest impact on the complete dehydration of MHH. Specifically, higher secondary drying temperature reflected in complete dehydration of MHH. Annealing temperature was shown to affect the MHH content in the final product, wherein the higher annealing temperature was preferential for formation of anhydrous mannitol. Temperature stress stability study revealed that the most important parameter influencing monoclonal antibody stability is the ratio of protein to sucrose. Contrary to widespread assumption, we did not detect any impact of MHH on the stability of the investigated monoclonal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Anko
- Lek d.d., Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Maja Bjelošević
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Odon Planinšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Manca Logar
- Lek d.d., Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Pegi Ahlin Grabnar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Brus
- Lek d.d., Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia.
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Johnson L, Faidra Angelerou MG, Surikutchi BT, Allen S, Zelzer M, Marlow M. Low Molecular Weight Nucleoside Gelators: A Platform for Protein Aggregation Inhibition. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:462-467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Litty Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park
Campus, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bhanu Teja Surikutchi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park
Campus, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Allen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park
Campus, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Mischa Zelzer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park
Campus, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Marlow
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park
Campus, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
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22
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Crystallizing amino acids as bulking agents in freeze-drying. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Effect of temperature ramp rate during the primary drying process on the properties of amorphous-based lyophilized cake, Part 2: Successful lyophilization by adopting a fast ramp rate during primary drying in protein formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:83-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Hackl E, Darkwah J, Smith G, Ermolina I. Effect of Arginine on the Aggregation of Protein in Freeze-Dried Formulations Containing Sugars and Polyol: 1-Formulation Development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:896-911. [PMID: 29047017 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
L-arginine was introduced into protein-based freeze-dried formulations to study the ability of arginine to reduce/prevent from protein aggregation during manufacturing, storage and reconstitution of lyophilized protein-based pharmaceuticals. As L-arginine is known to be very hygroscopic, additional excipients which could provide a moisture buffering capacity need to be introduced into the formulation. In the first part of our study-excipient formulation development-the screening of a number of sugars/polyols has been done in order to select the best combination of excipients that, in a complex with L-arginine, can (i) produce freeze-dried cakes with elegant appearance, adequate mechanical properties and reconstitution times, and (ii) resist/minimise the moisture sorption. Various freeze-dried cakes containing L-arginine in combination with mannitol, trehalose, lactose and sucrose were produced and analysed by TGA, DSC, texture analysis, moisture sorption, cake shrinkage, TVIM and SEM. The non-linear dependencies of the physicochemical properties of the freeze-dried cakes on the sugar-to-mannitol ratios were found. The best combinations of excipients (L-arginine, mannitol and trehalose) were selected to be used in the second part of this work, in which the impact of each selected formulation will be studied in relation to the aggregation of a protein.
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Ohtake S, Feng S, Shalaev E. Effect of Water on the Chemical Stability of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals: 2. Deamidation of Peptides and Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:42-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Toprani VM, Sahni N, Hickey JM, Robertson GA, Middaugh CR, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Development of a candidate stabilizing formulation for bulk storage of a double mutant heat labile toxin (dmLT) protein based adjuvant. Vaccine 2017; 35:5471-5480. [PMID: 28551040 PMCID: PMC5628956 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the formulation design and development of a novel protein based adjuvant, a double mutant of heat labile toxin (dmLT), based on knowledge of the protein's structural integrity and physicochemical degradation pathways. Various classes of pharmaceutical excipients were screened for their stabilizing effect on dmLT during exposure to thermal and agitation stresses as monitored by high throughput analytical assays for dmLT degradation. Sucrose, phosphate, sodium chloride, methionine and polysorbate-80 were identified as potential stabilizers that protected dmLT against either conformational destabilization, aggregation/particle formation or chemical degradation (e.g., Met oxidation and Lys glycation). Different combinations and concentrations of the selected stabilizers were then evaluated to further optimize dmLT stability while maintaining pharmaceutically acceptable ranges of solution pH and osmolality. The effect of multiple freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on the physical stability of candidate bulk formulations was also examined. Increasing the polysorbate-80 concentration to 0.1% in the lead candidate bulk formulation mitigated the loss of protein mass during FT. This formulation development study enabled the design of a new bulk formulation of the dmLT adjuvant and provides flexibility for future use in combination with a variety of different vaccine dosage forms with different antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal M Toprani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Neha Sahni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - George A Robertson
- The Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 455 Massachusetts Ave NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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Ohori R, Yamashita C. Effects of temperature ramp rate during the primary drying process on the properties of amorphous-based lyophilized cake, Part 1: Cake characterization, collapse temperature and drying behavior. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Faghihi H, Merrikhihaghi S, Ruholamini Najafabadi A, Ramezani V, Sardari S, Vatanara A. A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effect of Different Carbohydrates on the Stability of Immunoglobulin G during Lyophilization and Following Storage. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Moghaddam JA, Boehringer N, Burdziak A, Kunte HJ, Galinski EA, Schäberle TF. Different strategies of osmoadaptation in the closely related marine myxobacteria Enhygromyxa salina SWB007 and Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-1. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:651-661. [PMID: 26842314 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Only a few myxobacteria are known to date that are classified as marine, owing to their salt dependency. In this study, the salt tolerance mechanism of these bacteria was investigated. To this end, a growth medium was designed in which the mutated Escherichia coli strain BKA13 served as sole food source for the predatory, heterotrophic myxobacteria. This enabled measurement of the osmolytes without any background and revealed that the closely related strains Enhygromyxa salina SWB007 and Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-1 developed different strategies to handle salt stress. Ple. pacifica SIR-1, which was grown between 1 and 4 % NaCl, relies solely on the accumulation of amino acids, while Enh. salina SWB007, which was grown between 0.5 and 3 % NaCl, employs, besides betaine, hydroxyectoine as the major compatible solute. In accordance with this analysis, only in the latter strain was a locus identified that codes for genes corresponding to the biosynthesis of betaine, ectoine and hydroxyectoine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Boehringer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Amal Burdziak
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Kunte
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erwin A Galinski
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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30
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Raphael AP, Crichton ML, Falconer RJ, Meliga S, Chen X, Fernando GJP, Huang H, Kendall MAF. Formulations for microprojection/microneedle vaccine delivery: Structure, strength and release profiles. J Control Release 2016; 225:40-52. [PMID: 26795684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel methods for vaccine delivery, the skin is viewed as a high potential target, due to the abundance of immune cells that reside therein. One method, the use of dissolving microneedle technologies, has the potential to achieve this, with a range of formulations now being employed. Within this paper we assemble a range of methods (including FT-FIR using synchrotron radiation, nanoindentation and skin delivery assays) to systematically examine the effect of key bulking agents/excipients - sugars/polyols - on the material form, structure, strength, failure properties, diffusion and dissolution for dissolving microdevices. We investigated concentrations of mannitol, sucrose, trehalose and sorbitol from 1:1 to 30:1 with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), although mannitol did not form our micro-structures so was discounted early in the study. The other formulations showed a variety of crystalline (sorbitol) and amorphous (sucrose, trehalose) structures, when investigated using Fourier transform far infra-red (FT-FIR) with synchrotron radiation. The crystalline structures had a higher elastic modulus than the amorphous formulations (8-12GPa compared to 0.05-11GPa), with sorbitol formulations showing a bimodal distribution of results including both amorphous and crystalline behaviour. In skin, diffusion properties were similar among all formulations with dissolution occurring within 5s for our small projection array structures (~100μm in length). Overall, slight variations in formulation can significantly change the ability of our projections to perform their required function, making the choice of bulking/vaccine stabilising agents of great importance for these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Raphael
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael L Crichton
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert J Falconer
- University of Sheffield, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, Sheffield S1 3JD, England, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Meliga
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Germain J P Fernando
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Han Huang
- The University of Queensland, School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, QLD 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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31
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Faghihi H, Khalili F, Amini M, Vatanara A. The effect of freeze-dried antibody concentrations on its stability in the presence of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: a Box-Behnken statistical design. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 22:724-732. [PMID: 26654052 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1116563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at preparation and optimization of stable freeze-dried immunoglobulin G (IgG) applying proper amount of antibody with efficient combination of trehalose and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). Response surface methodology was employed through a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. Amounts of IgG (X1), trehalose (X2) and HPβCD (X3) were independent variables. Aggregation following process (Y1), after one month at 45 °C (Y2), upon two month at 45 °C (Y3) and beta-sheet content of IgG (Y4) were determined as dependent variables. Results were fitted to quadratic models (except for beta-sheet content), describing the inherent relationship between main factors. Optimized formulation composed of 55.85 mg IgG, 52.51 mg trehalose and 16.01 mg HPβCD was prepared. The calculated responses of the optimized formulation were as follows: Y1 = 0.19%, Y2 = 0.78%, Y3 = 1.88% and Y4 = 68.60%, respectively. The thermal analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of optimum formulation and the integrity of IgG was shown to be favorably preserved. Validation of the optimization study demonstrated high degree of prognostic ability. The DOE study successfully predicted the optimum values of antibody as well as stabilizers for desirable process and storage stabilization of freeze-dried IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohsen Amini
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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32
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Rahmanian OD, DeVoe DL. Single-use thermoplastic microfluidic burst valves enabling on-chip reagent storage. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2015; 18:1045-1053. [PMID: 25972774 PMCID: PMC4426265 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-014-1494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reliable method for fabricating single-use normally closed burst valves in thermoplastic microfluidic devices is presented, using a process flow that is readily integrated into established workflows for the fabrication of thermoplastic microfluidics. An experimental study of valve performance reveals the relationships between valve geometry and burst pressure. The technology is demonstrated in a device employing multiple valves engineered to actuate at different inlet pressures that can be generated using integrated screw pumps. On-chip storage and reconstitution of fluorescein salt sealed within defined reagent chambers are demonstrated. By taking advantage of the low gas and water permeability of cyclic olefin copolymer, the robust burst valves allow on-chip hermetic storage of reagents, making the technology well suited for the development of integrated and disposable assays for use at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid D. Rahmanian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Don L. DeVoe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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33
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Moorthy BS, Xie B, Moussa EM, Iyer LK, Chandrasekhar S, Panchal JP, Topp EM. Effect of Hydrolytic Degradation on the In Vivo Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies. BIOBETTERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2543-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The use of amino acids to prepare physically and conformationally stable spray-dried IgG with enhanced aerosol performance. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:163-71. [PMID: 24614584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of various amino acids on the molecular and thermodynamic stability of IgG (immune globulin G) as well as its aerosol performance. The antibody was spray-dried in the presence of different amino acids (leucine, phenylalanine, cysteine, glycine, lysine and arginine) using 20% and 50% (w/w) amino acid. SEC-HPLC, SDS-PAGE and IR-spectroscopy were performed to evaluate the stability of spray-dried IgG. The in-vitro aerosol performance of the well-stabilized formulations was subsequently assessed. IgG containing phenylalanine at 20 and 50% w/w produced the lowest content of aggregated antibody (1.35 ± 0.24%) and (1.12 ± 0.15%). The application of phenylalanine and cysteine at 50% (w/w) demonstrated the best storage stability (2 month at 45°C) with a rate constant of 0.006/month and enhanced fine particle fractions of 62.43 ± 0.34% and 70.51 ± 0.23%, respectively. Samples containing 50% arginine exhibited significantly perturbed conformation and, consequently, the highest aggregation rate constant of 0.019/month following storage. These results indicate that phenylalanine and cysteine serve as efficacious amino acids for the preparation of IgG dry powder with regard to stability and aerodynamic properties.
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Abstract
Bioanalytical laboratories develop and validate ligand-binding assays (LBA) used to quantify the concentration of analytes of interest in various buffers and relevant biological matrices. The building blocks of LBA are reagents that recognize molecular and structural motifs on ligands, which are combined in various LBA formats to minimize biological matrix interferences and specifically detect and quantify the analyte of interest. The use of these LBA-requiring critical reagents, can span decades as programs mature to commercialization. Since critical reagents are generated mostly from biological systems, attention to their life cycle management, quality, characterization and sustainability are vital to the success of bioanalytical laboratories. Integrating de novo reagent generation, reagent biophysical characterization, LBA development, validation, and use, with reagent resupply processes leverages interdisciplinary activities and ensures smooth operations of a bioanalytical laboratory.
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Ramezani V, Vatanara A, Rouholamini Najafabadi A, Gilani K, Nabi-Meybodi M. Screening and evaluation of variables in the formation of antibody particles by spray drying. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Effect of pH and Excipients on Structure, Dynamics, and Long-Term Stability of a Model IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody upon Freeze-Drying. Pharm Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Quality by design: impact of formulation variables and their interactions on quality attributes of a lyophilized monoclonal antibody. Int J Pharm 2012; 438:167-75. [PMID: 22944306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use QbD approaches to evaluate the effect of several variables and their interactions on quality of a challenging model murine IgG3κ monoclonal antibody (mAb), and then to obtain an optimized formulation with predefined quality target product profile. This antibody was chosen because it has a propensity to precipitate and thus represents a challenge condition for formulation development. Preliminary experiments were conducted to rule out incompatible buffer systems for the mAb product quality. A fractional factorial experimental design was then applied to screen the effects of buffer type, pH and excipients such as sucrose, sodium chloride (NaCl), lactic acid and Polysorbate 20 on glass transition temperature ( [Formula: see text] ), monoclonal antibody concentration (A(280)), presence of aggregation, unfolding transition temperature (T(m)) of the lyophilized product, and particle size of the reconstituted product. A Box-Behnken experimental design was subsequently applied to study the main, interaction, and quadratic effects of these variables on the responses. Pareto ranking analyses showed that the three most important factors affecting the selected responses for this particular antibody were pH, NaCl, and Polysorbate 20. The presence of curvature in the variables' effects on responses indicated interactions. Based on the constraints set on the responses, a design space was identified for this mAb and confirmed with experiments at three different levels of the variables within the design space. The model indicated a combination of high pH (8) and NaCl (50mM) levels, and a low Polysorbate 20 (0.008 mM) level at which an optimal formulation of the mAb could be achieved. Moisture contents and other analytical procedures such as size exclusion chromatography, protein A analysis and SDS-PAGE of the pre-lyophilized and final reconstituted lyophilized products indicated an intact protein structure with minimal aggregation after formulation and lyophilization. In conclusion, experimental design approach was effective in identifying optimal concentrations of excipients and pH for this challenging monoclonal antibody formulation.
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39
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Davis JM, Zhang N, Payne RW, Murphy BM, Abdul-Fattah AM, Matsuura JE, Herman AC, Manning MC. Stability of lyophilized sucrose formulations of an IgG1: subvisible particle formation. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:883-96. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.705295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Sophocleous AM, Zhang J, Topp EM. Localized hydration in lyophilized myoglobin by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 1. Exchange mapping. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:718-26. [PMID: 22352965 DOI: 10.1021/mp3000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The local effects of hydration on myoglobin (Mb) in solid matrices containing mannitol or sucrose (1:1 w/w, protein:additive) were mapped using hydrogen-deuterium exchange with mass spectrometric analysis (HDX-MS) at 5 °C and compared to solution controls. Solid powders were exposed to D₂O(g) at controlled activity (a(w)) followed by reconstitution and analysis of the intact protein and peptides produced by pepsin digestion. HDX varied with matrix type, a(w), and position along the protein backbone. HDX was less in sucrose matrices than in mannitol matrices at all a(w) while the difference in solution was negligible. Differences in HDX in the two matrices were detectable despite similarities in their bulk water content. The extent of exchange in solids is proposed as a measure of the hydration of exchangeable amide groups, as well as protein conformation and dynamics; pepsin digestion allows these effects to be mapped with peptide-level resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Sophocleous
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47901, USA
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Sophocleous AM, Topp EM. Localized hydration in lyophilized myoglobin by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 2. Exchange kinetics. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:727-33. [PMID: 22352990 DOI: 10.1021/mp2004093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange with mass spectrometric analysis (ssHDX) is a promising method for characterizing proteins in amorphous solids. Though analysis of HDX kinetics is informative and well-established in solution, application of these methods to solid samples is complicated by possible heterogeneities in the solid. The studies reported here provide a detailed analysis of the kinetics of hydration and ssHDX for equine myoglobin (Mb) in solid matrices containing sucrose or mannitol. Water sorption was rapid relative to ssHDX, indicating that ssHDX kinetics was not limited by bulk water transport. Deuterium uptake in solids was well-characterized by a biexponential model; values for regression parameters provided insight into differences between the two solid matrices. Analysis of the widths of peptide mass envelopes revealed that, in solution, an apparent EX2 mechanism prevails, consistent with native conformation of the protein. In contrast, in mannitol-containing samples, a smaller non-native subpopulation exchanges by an EX1-like mechanism. Together, the results indicate that the analysis of ssHDX kinetic data and of the widths of peptide mass envelopes is useful in screening solid formulations of protein drugs for the presence of non-native species that cannot be detected by amide I FTIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Sophocleous
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47901, USA
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Kamerzell TJ, Esfandiary R, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB. Protein-excipient interactions: mechanisms and biophysical characterization applied to protein formulation development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1118-59. [PMID: 21855584 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the critical importance of understanding protein-excipient interactions as a key step in the rational design of formulations to stabilize and deliver protein-based therapeutic drugs and vaccines. Biophysical methods used to examine various molecular interactions between solutes and protein molecules are discussed with an emphasis on applications to pharmaceutical excipients in terms of their effects on protein stability. Key mechanisms of protein-excipient interactions such as electrostatic and cation-pi interactions, preferential hydration, dispersive forces, and hydrogen bonding are presented in the context of different physical states of the formulation such as frozen liquids, solutions, gels, freeze-dried solids and interfacial phenomenon. An overview of the different classes of pharmaceutical excipients used to formulate and stabilize protein therapeutic drugs is also presented along with the rationale for use in different dosage forms including practical pharmaceutical considerations. The utility of high throughput analytical methodologies to examine protein-excipient interactions is presented in terms of expanding formulation design space and accelerating experimental timelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Kamerzell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Murphy BM, Zhang N, Payne RW, Davis JM, Abdul-Fattah AM, Matsuura JE, Herman AC, Manning MC. Structure, stability, and mobility of a lyophilized IgG1 monoclonal antibody as determined using second-derivative infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2011; 101:81-91. [PMID: 21918984 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are many aspects of stabilization of lyophilized proteins. Of these various factors, retention of native structure, having sufficient amount of stabilizer to embed the protein within an amorphous matrix, and dampening β-relaxations have been shown to be critical in optimizing protein stability during storage. In this study, an IgG1 was lyophilized with varying amounts of sucrose. In some formulations, a small amount of sorbitol was added as a plasticizer. The structure of the protein in dried state was monitored using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The IR spectra indicated increasing retention of the native structure, which correlated with stability as indicated by size-exclusion chromatography as well as micro-flow imaging. Maximal stability was achieved with a 2:1 mass ratio of sucrose to protein, which is more than that would be expected based on earlier studies. Analysis of both high and low frequency bands associated with intramolecular β-sheet structure provides additional information on the structure of antibodies in the solid state. Finally, there is a correlation between the bandwidth of the β-sheet bands and the enthalpy of relaxation, suggesting that amide I bands can provide some indication of the degree of coupling to the sugar matrix, as well as structural heterogeneity of the protein.
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Manning MC, Chou DK, Murphy BM, Payne RW, Katayama DS. Stability of protein pharmaceuticals: an update. Pharm Res 2010; 27:544-75. [PMID: 20143256 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 732] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1989, Manning, Patel, and Borchardt wrote a review of protein stability (Manning et al., Pharm. Res. 6:903-918, 1989), which has been widely referenced ever since. At the time, recombinant protein therapy was still in its infancy. This review summarizes the advances that have been made since then regarding protein stabilization and formulation. In addition to a discussion of the current understanding of chemical and physical instability, sections are included on stabilization in aqueous solution and the dried state, the use of chemical modification and mutagenesis to improve stability, and the interrelationship between chemical and physical instability.
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