1
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Zhang Y, Uehara T, Toyota T, Endo R, Matsubara H, Hayashi H. Stannous colloid mixed with indocyanine green as a tracer for sentinel lymph node navigation surgery. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17056. [PMID: 36224309 PMCID: PMC9556759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined use of a vital dye and radioactive colloid reportedly performs better in detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for cancers than the use of either of them alone. However, especially for gastric cancer, two endoscopic procedures are required to administer these two tracers, which burdens the patients and practitioners. Here we propose the use of stannous colloid (SnC) mixed with indocyanine green (ICG) as a new mixed tracer (SnC-ICG); its characteristics were investigated in vivo and in vitro to estimate its usefulness for SLN navigation. The tracers were administered to rats and the accumulation of radioactivity and/or near-infrared fluorescence were evaluated in the regional lymph nodes (LNs) using single positron emission computed tomography and near-infrared fluorescence imaging, respectively. SnC-ICG showed significantly better clearance from the injection site and better migration to primary LNs than the single administration of SnC or ICG aqueous solution. SnC-ICG demonstrated a wide particle size variability, stabilized to 1200-nm upon the addition of albumin in vitro; These properties could contribute to its behavior in vivo. The use of SnC-ICG could contribute better performance to detect SLNs for gastric cancer with less burden on both patients and medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chiba-shi chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana, Chiba-shi chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Endo
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Medical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Chiba-shi inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chiba-shi chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chiba-shi chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Russell PS, Velivolu R, Maldonado Zimbrón VE, Hong J, Kavianinia I, Hickey AJR, Windsor JA, Phillips ARJ. Fluorescent Tracers for In Vivo Imaging of Lymphatic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952581. [PMID: 35935839 PMCID: PMC9355481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system continues to gain importance in a range of conditions, and therefore, imaging of lymphatic vessels is becoming more widespread for research, diagnosis, and treatment. Fluorescent lymphatic imaging offers advantages over other methods in that it is affordable, has higher resolution, and does not require radiation exposure. However, because the lymphatic system is a one-way drainage system, the successful delivery of fluorescent tracers to lymphatic vessels represents a unique challenge. Each fluorescent tracer used for lymphatic imaging has distinct characteristics, including size, shape, charge, weight, conjugates, excitation/emission wavelength, stability, and quantum yield. These characteristics in combination with the properties of the target tissue affect the uptake of the dye into lymphatic vessels and the fluorescence quality. Here, we review the characteristics of visible wavelength and near-infrared fluorescent tracers used for in vivo lymphatic imaging and describe the various techniques used to specifically target them to lymphatic vessels for high-quality lymphatic imaging in both clinical and pre-clinical applications. We also discuss potential areas of future research to improve the lymphatic fluorescent tracer design.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Russell
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R. Velivolu
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - V. E. Maldonado Zimbrón
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J. Hong
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I. Kavianinia
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. J. R. Hickey
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J. A. Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. R. J. Phillips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Klepach A, Tran H, Ahmad Mohammed F, ElSayed ME. Characterization and impact of peptide physicochemical properties on oral and subcutaneous delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114322. [PMID: 35526665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptides, an emerging modality within the biopharmaceutical industry, are often delivered subcutaneously with evolving prospects on oral delivery. Barrier biology within the subcutis or gastrointestinal tract is a significant challenge in limiting absorption or otherwise disrupting peptide disposition. Aspects of peptide pharmacokinetic performance and ADME can be mitigated with careful molecular design that tailors for properties such as effective size, hydrophobicity, net charge, proteolytic stability, and albumin binding. In this review, we endeavor to highlight effective techniques in qualifying physicochemical properties of peptides and discuss advancements of in vitro models of subcutaneous and oral delivery. Additionally, we will delineate empirical findings around the relationship of these physicochemical properties and in vivo (animal or human) impact. We conclude that robust peptide characterization methods and in vitro techniques with demonstrated correlations to in vivo data are key routines to incorporate in the drug discovery and development to improve the probability of technical and commercial success of peptide therapeutics.
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4
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Wang L, Liu G, Hu Y, Gou S, He T, Feng Q, Cai K. Doxorubicin-loaded polypyrrole nanovesicles for suppressing tumor metastasis through combining photothermotherapy and lymphatic system-targeted chemotherapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3097-3111. [PMID: 35141740 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system provides a main route for the dissemination of most malignancies, which was related to high mortality in cancer patients. Traditional intravenous chemotherapy is of limited effectiveness on lymphatic metastasis due to the difficulty in accessing the lymphatic system. Herein, a novel lymphatic-targeting nanoplatform is prepared by loading doxorubicin (DOX) into sub-50 nm polypyrrole nanovesicles (PPy NVs). The PPy NVs possessed hollow spherical morphologies and a negative surface charge, leading to high drug loading capacity. These vesicles can also convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat and thus can be used for tumor thermal ablation. DOX loaded PPy NVs (PPy@DOX NVs) along with NIR illumination are highly effective against 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. More importantly, following subcutaneous (SC) injection, a direct lymphatic migration of PPy@DOX NVs is confirmed through fluorescence observation of the isolated draining nodes. The acidic conditions in metastatic nodes might subsequently trigger the release of the encapsulated DOX NVs based on their pH-sensitive release profile. In a mouse model bearing 4T1 breast cancer, lymphatic metastases, as well as lung metastases, are significantly inhibited by nanocarrier-mediated trans-lymphatic drug delivery in combination with photothermal ablation. In conclusion, this platform holds great potential in impeding tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Genhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yunping Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Shuangquan Gou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Tingting He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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5
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Bacterial Lymphatic Metastasis in Infection and Immunity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010033. [PMID: 35011595 PMCID: PMC8750085 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels permeate tissues around the body, returning fluid from interstitial spaces back to the blood after passage through the lymph nodes, which are important sites for adaptive responses to all types of pathogens. Involvement of the lymphatics in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections is not well studied. Despite offering an obvious conduit for pathogen spread, the lymphatic system has long been regarded to bar the onward progression of most bacteria. There is little direct data on live virulent bacteria, instead understanding is largely inferred from studies investigating immune responses to viruses or antigens in lymph nodes. Recently, we have demonstrated that extracellular bacterial lymphatic metastasis of virulent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes drives systemic infection. Accordingly, it is timely to reconsider the role of lymph nodes as absolute barriers to bacterial dissemination in the lymphatics. Here, we summarise the routes and mechanisms by which an increasing variety of bacteria are acknowledged to transit through the lymphatic system, including those that do not necessarily require internalisation by host cells. We discuss the anatomy of the lymphatics and other factors that influence bacterial dissemination, as well as the consequences of underappreciated bacterial lymphatic metastasis on disease and immunity.
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6
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Structurally nanoengineered antimicrobial peptide polymers: design, synthesis and biomedical applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:139. [PMID: 34278535 PMCID: PMC8286942 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance not only increases the contagiousness of infectious diseases but also a threat for the future as it is one of the health care concern around the globe. Conventional antibiotics are unsuccessful in combating chronic infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, therefore it is important to design and develop novel strategies to tackle this problems. Among various novel strategies, Structurally Nanoengineered Antimicrobial Peptide Polymers (SNAPPs) have been introduced in recent years to overcome this global health care issue and they are found to be more efficient in their performance. Many facile methods are adapted to synthesize complex SNAPPs with required dimensions and unique functionalities. Their unique characteristics and remarkable properties have been exploited for their immense applications in various fields including biomedicine, targeting therapies, gene delivery, bioimaging, and many more. This review article deals with its background, design, synthesis, mechanism of action, and wider applications in various fields of SNAPPs.
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7
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Liong CS, Smith AAA, Mann JL, Roth GA, Gale EC, Maikawa CL, Ou BS, Appel EA. Enhanced Humoral Immune Response by High Density TLR Agonist Presentation on Hyperbranched Polymers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine S. Liong
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Anton A. A. Smith
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Dept. of Chemistry Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Joseph L. Mann
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Gillie A. Roth
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Dept. of Biochemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Ben S. Ou
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Eric. A. Appel
- Dept. of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- ChEM‐H Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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8
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McGuire TM, Miyajima M, Uchiyama M, Buchard A, Kamigaito M. Epoxy-functionalised 4-vinylguaiacol for the synthesis of bio-based, degradable star polymers via a RAFT/ROCOP strategy. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An epoxy derivative of a naturally occuring vinylphenolic compound, 4-vinylguaiacol, was polymerised using a RAFT/ROCOP strategy and produced ester cross-linked star polymers which could be selectively degraded under acid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. McGuire
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Masato Miyajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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9
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Huang C, Hu X, Hou Z, Ji J, Li Z, Luan Y. Tailored graphene oxide-doxorubicin nanovehicles via near-infrared dye-lactobionic acid conjugates for chemo-photothermal therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 545:172-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Hong E, Dobrovolskaia MA. Addressing barriers to effective cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: achievements, challenges, and roadmap to the next generation of nanoimmunotherapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:3-22. [PMID: 29339144 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex systemic disorder that affects many organs and tissues and arises from the altered function of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. One of the systems malfunctioning in cancer is the immune system. Restoring and improving the ability of the immune system to effectively recognize and eradicate cancer is the main focus of immunotherapy, a topic which has garnered recent and significant interest. The initial excitement about immunotherapy, however, has been challenged by its limited efficacy in certain patient populations and the development of adverse effects such as therapeutic resistance and autoimmunity. At the same time, a number of advances in the field of nanotechnology have sought to address the challenges faced by modern immunotherapeutics and allow these therapeutic strategies to realize their full potential. This endeavour requires an understanding of not only the immunological barriers in cancer but also the mechanisms by which modern technologies and immunotherapeutics modulate the function of the immune system. Herein, we summarize the major barriers relevant to cancer immunotherapy and review current progress in addressing these obstacles using various approaches and clinically approved therapies. We then discuss the remaining challenges and how they can be addressed by nanotechnology. We lay out translational considerations relevant to the therapies described and propose a framework for the development of next-generation nanotechnology-enabled immunotherapies.
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11
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Development of a mouse model for the visual and quantitative assessment of lymphatic trafficking and function by in vivo imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5921. [PMID: 29651026 PMCID: PMC5897414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for quantitative analysis of long distance lymphatic transport of nanoparticles in live animals are yet to be established. We established a mouse model for analysis of time-dependent transport just beneath the abdominal skin to investigate lymph node-to-lymph node trafficking by in vivo imaging. For this purpose, popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs) as well as efferent and afferent lymphatic vessels, marginal veins, and feeding blood vessels were surgically resected to change the lymphatic flow from footpad injections. Using this model, we observed a novel lymphatic flow from the footpad to the proper axillary lymph node (ALN) via the inguinal lymph node (ILN). This drainage pathway was maintained over 12 weeks. Time-dependent transportation of 1,1′-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine iodide-labelled liposomes from the footpad to the ILN was successfully quantified by an in vivo imaging system. Moreover, congestion and development of a new collateral lymphatic route was visualised under a lymphedema status. Histological analysis of abdominal skin tissues of this model revealed that PLN resection had no effect on the abdominal lymphatic system between the ILN and ALN. These data indicate that this model might be useful to clarify the mechanisms of lymphedema and study direct transportation of lymph or other substances between lymph nodes.
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12
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Obinu A, Gavini E, Rassu G, Maestri M, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P. Lymph node metastases: importance of detection and treatment strategies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:459-467. [PMID: 29504430 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1446937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lymphatic vessels are the preferential route of most solid tumors to spread their metastases in the body. The onset of metastatic nests in draining lymph nodes (LNs) are a significant indicator of cancer progression and a dismaying sign of worsen staging. Therefore, the individuation and elimination of cancer cells within the lymphatic system (LS) are an important goal. Nevertheless, the targeting of the LS with traditional contrast agents and/or chemotherapeutics is difficult, due to its anatomical structure. For this reason, many studies on new lymphatic delivery systems have been carried out, both to improve lymphatic imaging and to selectively carry chemotherapeutics to LNs, reducing the exposure of healthy tissues to the cytotoxic substances. This is an overview of the present situation in the field of detection and treatment strategies of lymphatic metastases, taking into account the use of nano-drug delivery systems. Nanocarriers, thanks to their small size and other physicochemical characteristics, are suitable vectors for imaging and chemotherapy of the LS. AREAS COVERED The role of the LS in tumor progression and importance of treatment and imaging strategies of lymphatic metastases. EXPERT OPINION The nanoparticles are a promising approach for treatment and detection of lymphatic metastases. However further studies are necessary in order to evaluate their efficacy in human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Obinu
- a PhD in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- a PhD in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,c Department of Surgery , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
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13
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Liu R, Patel D, Screen HRC, Becer CR. A2B-Miktoarm Glycopolymer Fibers and Their Interactions with Tenocytes. Bioconjug Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Liu
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory and ‡Institute of Bioengineering,
School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
| | - Dharmesh Patel
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory and ‡Institute of Bioengineering,
School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel R. C. Screen
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory and ‡Institute of Bioengineering,
School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory and ‡Institute of Bioengineering,
School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
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14
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Ren JM, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Xu J, An Z, Shanmugam S, Davis TP, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Star Polymers. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6743-836. [PMID: 27299693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in controlled/living polymerization techniques and highly efficient coupling chemistries have enabled the facile synthesis of complex polymer architectures with controlled dimensions and functionality. As an example, star polymers consist of many linear polymers fused at a central point with a large number of chain end functionalities. Owing to this exclusive structure, star polymers exhibit some remarkable characteristics and properties unattainable by simple linear polymers. Hence, they constitute a unique class of technologically important nanomaterials that have been utilized or are currently under audition for many applications in life sciences and nanotechnologies. This article first provides a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies towards star polymers, then reviews the latest developments in the synthesis and characterization methods of star macromolecules, and lastly outlines emerging applications and current commercial use of star-shaped polymers. The aim of this work is to promote star polymer research, generate new avenues of scientific investigation, and provide contemporary perspectives on chemical innovation that may expedite the commercialization of new star nanomaterials. We envision in the not-too-distant future star polymers will play an increasingly important role in materials science and nanotechnology in both academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing M Ren
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 2000444, People's Republic of China
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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15
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Kuehl C, Zhang T, Kaminskas LM, Porter CJH, Davies NM, Forrest L, Berkland C. Hyaluronic Acid Molecular Weight Determines Lung Clearance and Biodistribution after Instillation. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1904-14. [PMID: 27157508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a versatile polymer for drug delivery. Multiple commercial products utilize HA, it can be obtained in a variety of molecular weights, and it offers chemical handles for cross-linkers, drugs, or imaging agents. Previous studies have investigated multiple administration routes, but the absorption, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of HA after delivery to the lung is relatively unknown. Here, pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated by delivering different molecular weights of HA (between 7 and 741 kDa) to the lungs of mice. HA was labeled with either a near-infrared dye or with iodine-125 conjugated to HA using a tyrosine linker. In initial studies, dye-labeled HA was instilled into the lungs and fluorescent images of organs were collected at 1, 8, and 24 h post administration. Data suggested longer lung persistence of higher molecular weight HA, but signal diminished for all molecular weights at 8 h. To better quantitate pharmacokinetic parameters, different molecular weights of iodine-125 labeled HA were instilled and organ radioactivity was determined after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. The data showed that, after instillation, the lungs contained the highest levels of HA, as expected, followed by the gastrointestinal tract. Smaller molecular weights of HA showed more rapid systemic distribution, while 67 and 215 kDa HA showed longer persistence in the lungs. Lung exposure appeared to be optimum in this size range due to the rapid absorption of <67 kDa HA and the poor lung penetration and mucociliary clearance of viscous solutions of HA > 215 kDa. The versatility of HA molecular weight and conjugation chemistries may, therefore, provide new opportunities to extend pulmonary drug exposure and potentially facilitate access to lymph nodes draining the pulmonary bed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia , 3052
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia , 3052
| | - Neal M Davies
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada , R3E 0T5
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Trevaskis NL, Kaminskas LM, Porter CJH. From sewer to saviour — targeting the lymphatic system to promote drug exposure and activity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:781-803. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kaminskas LM, McLeod VM, Ascher DB, Ryan GM, Jones S, Haynes JM, Trevaskis NL, Chan LJ, Sloan EK, Finnin BA, Williamson M, Velkov T, Williams ED, Kelly BD, Owen DJ, Porter CJH. Methotrexate-conjugated PEGylated dendrimers show differential patterns of deposition and activity in tumor-burdened lymph nodes after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in rats. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:432-43. [PMID: 25485615 DOI: 10.1021/mp500531e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to explore whether the subcutaneous administration of lymph targeted dendrimers, conjugated with a model chemotherapeutic (methotrexate, MTX), was able to enhance anticancer activity against lymph node metastases. The lymphatic pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of PEGylated polylysine dendrimers conjugated to MTX [D-MTX(OH)] via a tumor-labile hexapeptide linker was examined in rats and compared to a similar system where MTX was α-carboxyl O-tert-butylated [D-MTX(OtBu)]. The latter has previously been shown to exhibit longer plasma circulation times. D-MTX(OtBu) was well absorbed from the subcutaneous injection site via the lymph, and 3 to 4%/g of the dose was retained by sentinel lymph nodes. In contrast, D-MTX(OH) showed limited absorption from the subcutaneous injection site, but absorption was almost exclusively via the lymph. The retention of D-MTX(OH) by sentinel lymph nodes was also significantly elevated (approximately 30% dose/g). MTX alone was not absorbed into the lymph. All dendrimers displayed lower lymph node targeting after intravenous administration. Despite significant differences in the lymph node retention of D-MTX(OH) and D-MTX(OtBu) after subcutaneous and intravenous administration, the growth of lymph node metastases was similarly inhibited. In contrast, the administration of MTX alone did not significantly reduce lymph node tumor growth. Subcutaneous administration of drug-conjugated dendrimers therefore provides an opportunity to improve drug deposition in downstream tumor-burdened lymph nodes. In this case, however, increased lymph node biodistribution did not correlate well with antitumor activity, possibly suggesting constrained drug release at the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kaminskas
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria, Australia , 3052
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Ryan GM, Kaminskas LM, Porter CJ. Nano-chemotherapeutics: Maximising lymphatic drug exposure to improve the treatment of lymph-metastatic cancers. J Control Release 2014; 193:241-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yi X, Wang F, Qin W, Yang X, Yuan J. Near-infrared fluorescent probes in cancer imaging and therapy: an emerging field. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1347-65. [PMID: 24648733 PMCID: PMC3956734 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is an attractive modality for early cancer detection with high sensitivity and multi-detection capability. Due to convenient modification by conjugating with moieties of interests, NIRF probes are ideal candidates for cancer targeted imaging. Additionally, the combinatory application of NIRF imaging and other imaging modalities that can delineate anatomical structures extends fluorometric determination of biomedical information. Moreover, nanoparticles loaded with NIRF dyes and anticancer agents contribute to the synergistic management of cancer, which integrates the advantage of imaging and therapeutic functions to achieve the ultimate goal of simultaneous diagnosis and treatment. Appropriate probe design with targeting moieties can retain the original properties of NIRF and pharmacokinetics. In recent years, great efforts have been made to develop new NIRF probes with better photostability and strong fluorescence emission, leading to the discovery of numerous novel NIRF probes with fine photophysical properties. Some of these probes exhibit tumoricidal activities upon light radiation, which holds great promise in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and photoimmunotherapy. This review aims to provide a timely and concise update on emerging NIRF dyes and multifunctional agents. Their potential uses as agents for cancer specific imaging, lymph node mapping, and therapeutics are included. Recent advances of NIRF dyes in clinical use are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yi
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Expansion of the lymphatic vasculature in cancer and inflammation: New opportunities for in vivo imaging and drug delivery. J Control Release 2013; 172:550-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ichihashi T, Satoh T, Sugimoto C, Kajino K. Emulsified phosphatidylserine, simple and effective peptide carrier for induction of potent epitope-specific T cell responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60068. [PMID: 23533665 PMCID: PMC3606214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To induce potent epitope-specific T cell immunity by a peptide-based vaccine, epitope peptides must be delivered efficiently to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vivo. Therefore, selecting an appropriate peptide carrier is crucial for the development of an effective peptide vaccine. In this study, we explored new peptide carriers which show enhancement in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction capability. Methodology/Principal Findings Data from an epitope-specific in vivo CTL assay revealed that phosphatidylserine (PS) has a potent adjuvant effect among candidate materials tested. Further analyses showed that PS-conjugated antigens were preferentially and efficiently captured by professional APCs, in particular, by CD11c+CD11b+MHCII+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) compared to multilamellar liposome-conjugates or unconjugated antigens. In addition, PS demonstrated the stimulatory capacity of peptide-specific helper T cells in vivo. Conclusions/Significance This work indicates that PS is the easily preparable efficient carrier with a simple structure that delivers antigen to professional APCs effectively and induce both helper and cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo. Therefore, PS is a promising novel adjuvant for T cell-inducing peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ichihashi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Laboratory of Polymer Functional Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kajino
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Blei F. Update September 2012. Lymphat Res Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2012.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Blei
- Hassenfeld Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders of NYU Medical Center, New York, New York
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