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Demartis S, Rassu G, Anjani QK, Volpe-Zanutto F, Hutton ARJ, Sabri AB, McCarthy HO, Giunchedi P, Donnelly RF, Gavini E. Improved pharmacokinetic and lymphatic uptake of Rose Bengal after transfersome intradermal deposition using hollow microneedles. J Control Release 2024; 369:363-375. [PMID: 38554770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is active in several processes that regulate human diseases, among which cancer progression stands out. Thus, various drug delivery systems have been investigated to promote lymphatic drug targeting for cancer therapy; mainly, nanosized particles in the 10-150 nm range quickly achieve lymphatic vessels after an interstitial administration. Herein, a strategy to boost the lymphotropic delivery of Rose Bengal (RB), a hydrosoluble chemotherapeutic, is proposed, and it is based on the loading into Transfersomes (RBTF) and their intradermal deposition in vivo by microneedles. RBTF of 96.27 ± 13.96 nm (PDI = 0.29 ± 0.02) were prepared by a green reverse-phase evaporation technique, and they showed an RB encapsulation efficiency of 98.54 ± 0.09%. In vitro, RBTF remained physically stable under physiological conditions and avoided the release of RB. In vivo, intravenous injection of RBTF prolonged RB half-life of 50 min in healthy rats compared to RB intravenous injection; the RB half-life in rat body was further increased after intradermal injection reaching 24 h, regardless of the formulation used. Regarding lymphatic targeting, RBTF administered intravenously provided an RB accumulation in the lymph nodes of 12.3 ± 0.14 ng/mL after 2 h, whereas no RB accumulation was observed after RB intravenous injection. Intradermally administered RBTF resulted in the highest RB amount detected in lymph nodes after 2 h from the injection (84.2 ± 25.10 ng/mL), which was even visible to the naked eye based on the pink colouration of the drug. In the case of intradermally administered RB, RB in lymph node was detected only at 24 h (13.3 ± 1.41 ng/mL). In conclusion, RBTF proved an efficient carrier for RB delivery, enhancing its pharmacokinetics and promoting lymph-targeted delivery. Thus, RBTF represents a promising nanomedicine product for potentially facing the medical need for novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Demartis
- Department of Chemical, Mathematical, Natural and Physical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Volpe-Zanutto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron R J Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Akmal B Sabri
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
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2
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Anjani QK, Pandya AK, Demartis S, Domínguez-Robles J, Moreno-Castellanos N, Li H, Gavini E, Patravale VB, Donnelly RF. Liposome-loaded polymeric microneedles for enhanced skin deposition of rifampicin. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123446. [PMID: 37751787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prevailing bacterial pathogen linked to superficial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Rifampicin (RIF), a potent antibiotic against systemic and localised staphylococcal infections, faces limitations due to its low solubility. This constraint hampers its therapeutic potential for MRSA-induced SSTIs. To address this, an advanced liposomal system was designed for efficient dermal RIF delivery. Rifampicin-loaded liposomes (LipoRIF) were embedded within polymeric dissolving microneedles (DMNs) to enable targeted intradermal drug delivery. A robust Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology guided the systematic preparation and optimisation of LipoRIF formulations. The optimal LipoRIF formulation integrated within polymeric DMNs. These LipoRIF-DMNs exhibited favourable mechanical properties and effective skin insertion characteristics. Notably, in vitro assays on skin deposition unveiled a transformative result - the DMN platform significantly enhanced LipoRIF deposition within the skin, surpassing LipoRIF dispersion alone. Moreover, LipoRIF-DMNs displayed minimal cytotoxicity toward cells. Encouragingly, rigorous in vitro antimicrobial evaluations demonstrated LipoRIF-DMNs' capacity to inhibit MRSA growth compared to the control group. LipoRIF-DMNs propose a potentially enhanced, minimally invasive approach to effectively manage SSTIs and superficial skin ailments stemming from MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Megarezky, Jl. Antang Raya No. 43, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | - Anjali K Pandya
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 019, India
| | - Sara Demartis
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680001, Colombia
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Piazza Università 21, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Vandana B Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 019, India
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Demartis S, Rassu G, Mazzarello V, Larrañeta E, Hutton A, Donnelly RF, Dalpiaz A, Roldo M, Guillot AJ, Melero A, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Delivering hydrosoluble compounds through the skin: what are the chances? Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123457. [PMID: 37788729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Demartis
- Department of Chemical, Mathematical, Natural and Physical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - G Rassu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - V Mazzarello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - E Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - A Hutton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - R F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - A Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - A J Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vincent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - A Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vincent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - P Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - E Gavini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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Magill E, Demartis S, Gavini E, Permana AD, Thakur RRS, Adrianto MF, Waite D, Glover K, Picco CJ, Korelidou A, Detamornrat U, Vora LK, Li L, Anjani QK, Donnelly RF, Domínguez-Robles J, Larrañeta E. Solid implantable devices for sustained drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114950. [PMID: 37295560 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS) are an attractive alternative to conventional drug administration routes. Oral and injectable drug administration are the most common routes for drug delivery providing peaks of drug concentrations in blood after administration followed by concentration decay after a few hours. Therefore, constant drug administration is required to keep drug levels within the therapeutic window of the drug. Moreover, oral drug delivery presents alternative challenges due to drug degradation within the gastrointestinal tract or first pass metabolism. IDDS can be used to provide sustained drug delivery for prolonged periods of time. The use of this type of systems is especially interesting for the treatment of chronic conditions where patient adherence to conventional treatments can be challenging. These systems are normally used for systemic drug delivery. However, IDDS can be used for localised administration to maximise the amount of drug delivered within the active site while reducing systemic exposure. This review will cover current applications of IDDS focusing on the materials used to prepare this type of systems and the main therapeutic areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Magill
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sara Demartis
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Raghu Raj Singh Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Re-Vana Therapeutics, McClay Research Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Muhammad Faris Adrianto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Re-Vana Therapeutics, McClay Research Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia
| | - David Waite
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Re-Vana Therapeutics, McClay Research Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Katie Glover
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Camila J Picco
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Anna Korelidou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Usanee Detamornrat
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Megarezky, Jl. Antang Raya No. 43, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Serri C, Cruz-Maya I, Bonadies I, Rassu G, Giunchedi P, Gavini E, Guarino V. Green Routes for Bio-Fabrication in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1744. [PMID: 37376192 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, significant advances in nanotechnologies, rising from increasing knowledge and refining of technical practices in green chemistry and bioengineering, enabled the design of innovative devices suitable for different biomedical applications. In particular, novel bio-sustainable methodologies are developing to fabricate drug delivery systems able to sagely mix properties of materials (i.e., biocompatibility, biodegradability) and bioactive molecules (i.e., bioavailability, selectivity, chemical stability), as a function of the current demands for the health market. The present work aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the bio-fabrication methods for designing innovative green platforms, emphasizing the relevant impact on current and future biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Serri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Iriczalli Cruz-Maya
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad. 20, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Bonadies
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad. 20, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad. 20, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Rassu G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Pavan B, Ferraro L, Gavini E, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Conjugation, Prodrug, and Co-Administration Strategies in Support of Nanotechnologies to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Phytochemicals in the Central Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1578. [PMID: 37376027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals, produced as secondary plant metabolites, have shown interesting potential therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Unfortunately, poor bioavailability and rapid metabolic processes compromise their therapeutic use, and several strategies are currently proposed for overcoming these issues. The present review summarises strategies for enhancing the central nervous system's phytochemical efficacy. Particular attention has been paid to the use of phytochemicals in combination with other drugs (co-administrations) or administration of phytochemicals as prodrugs or conjugates, particularly when these approaches are supported by nanotechnologies exploiting conjugation strategies with appropriate targeting molecules. These aspects are described for polyphenols and essential oil components, which can improve their loading as prodrugs in nanocarriers, or be part of nanocarriers designed for targeted co-delivery to achieve synergistic anti-glioma or anti-neurodegenerative effects. The use of in vitro models, able to simulate the blood-brain barrier, neurodegeneration or glioma, and useful for optimizing innovative formulations before their in vivo administration via intravenous, oral, or nasal routes, is also summarised. Among the described compounds, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, ferulic acid, geraniol, and cinnamaldehyde can be efficaciously formulated to attain brain-targeting characteristics, and may therefore be therapeutically useful against glioma or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation-Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Rassu G, Obinu A, Serri C, Piras S, Carta A, Ferraro L, Gavini E, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Improving in vivo oral bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug: a case study on polymeric versus lipid nanoparticles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1128-1139. [PMID: 36509967 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poorly soluble drugs must be appropriately formulated for clinical use to increase the solubility, dissolution rate, and permeation across the intestinal epithelium. Polymeric and lipid nanocarriers have been successfully investigated for this aim, and their physicochemical properties, and in particular, the surface chemistry, significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of the drugs after oral administration. In the present study, PLGA nanoparticles (SS13NP) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SS13SLN) loaded with SS13, a BCS IV model drug, were prepared. SS13 bioavailability following the oral administration of SS13 (free drug), SS13NP, or SS13SLN was compared. SS13NP had a suitable size for oral administration (less than 300 nm), a spherical shape and negative zeta potential, similarly to SS13SLN. On the contrary, SS13NP showed higher physical stability but lower encapsulation efficiency (54.31 ± 6.66%) than SS13SLN (100.00 ± 3.11%). When orally administered (0.6 mg of drug), SS13NP showed higher drug AUC values with respect to SS13SLN (227 ± 14 versus 147 ± 8 µg/mL min), with higher Cmax (2.47 ± 0.14 µg/mL versus 1.30 ± 0.15 µg/mL) reached in a shorter time (20 min versus 60 min). Both formulations induced, therefore, the oral bioavailability of SS13 (12.67 ± 1.43% and 4.38 ± 0.39% for SS13NP and SS12SLN, respectively) differently from the free drug. These in vivo results confirm that the chemical composition of nanoparticles significantly affects the in vivo fate of a BCS IV drug. Moreover, PLGA nanoparticles appear more efficient and rapid than SLN in allowing drug absorption and transport to systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Serri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Petretto GL, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Sericin/crocetin micro/nanoparticles for nucleus pulposus cells regeneration: An “active” drug delivery system. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129882. [PMID: 36969863 PMCID: PMC10036567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Initiation and progression of intervertebral disk degeneration are linked to oxidative stress, with reactive oxygen species being a key factor. Therefore, as a potentially novel approach able to regenerate the damaged intervertebral disk, this work aimed to prepare an “active per sé” drug delivery system by combining sericin and crocetin: both are bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulant and regenerative properties.Methods: In detail, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a cross-linker; then, the nanoparticle dispersions were dried by spray drying as it is (NP), with an excess of sericin (NPS) or crocin/crocetin (NPMix), obtaining three microparticle formulations.Results and Discussion: Before drying, the nanoparticles were nanometric (about 250 nm), with a negative surface charge, and appeared spherical and smooth. Following the drying process, spherical and smooth microparticles were obtained, with a mean diameter of about 1.7–2.30 μm. NPMix was the most active in antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, likely due to the excess of crocin/crocetin, while NPS had the best anti-elastase activity, likely due to sericin in excess. Furthermore, all the formulations could prevent oxidative stress damage on nucleus pulposus cells, with NPMix being the best. Overall, the intrinsic anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities and the ability to protect from oxidative stress-induced damages justify future investigations of these “active per sé” formulations in treating or preventing intervertebral disk degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Rassu,
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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9
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Anjani QK, Demartis S, Volpe-Zanutto F, Li H, Sabri AHB, Gavini E, Donnelly RF. Fluorescence-Coupled Techniques for Determining Rose Bengal in Dermatological Formulations and Their Application to Ex Vivo Skin Deposition Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020408. [PMID: 36839730 PMCID: PMC9960589 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rose Bengal (RB) is a fluorescent dye with several potential biomedical applications, particularly in dermatology. Due to RB's poor physicochemical properties, several advanced delivery systems have been developed as a potential tool to promote its permeation across the skin. Nevertheless, no validated quantitative method to analyse RB within the skin is described in the literature. Considering RB exhibits a conjugated ring system, the current investigation proposes fluorescence-based techniques beneficial for qualitatively and quantitatively determining RB delivered to the skin. Notably, the development and validation of a fluorescence-coupled HPLC method to quantify RB within the skin matrix are herein described for the first time. The method was validated based on the ICH, FDA and EMA guidelines, and the validated parameters included specificity, linearity, LOD, LLOQ, accuracy and precision, and carry-over and dilution integrity. Finally, the method was applied to evaluate RB's ex vivo permeation and deposition profiles when loaded into dermatological formulations. Concerning qualitative determination, multiphoton microscopy was used to track the RB distribution within the skin strata, and fluorescence emission spectra were investigated to evaluate RB's behaviour when interacting with different environments. The analytical method proved specific, precise, accurate and sensitive to analyse RB in the skin. In addition, qualitative side-analytical techniques were revealed to play an essential role in evaluating the performance of RB's dermatological formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Megarezky, Jl. Antang Raya No. 43, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | - Sara Demartis
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabiana Volpe-Zanutto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Akmal Hidayat Bin Sabri
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (R.F.D.); Tel.: +39-079-228752 (E.G.); +44-(0)-2890-972-251 (R.F.D.)
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (E.G.); (R.F.D.); Tel.: +39-079-228752 (E.G.); +44-(0)-2890-972-251 (R.F.D.)
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10
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Demartis S, Anjani QK, Volpe-Zanutto F, Paredes AJ, Jahan SA, Vora LK, Donnelly RF, Gavini E. Trilayer dissolving polymeric microneedle array loading Rose Bengal transfersomes as a novel adjuvant in early-stage cutaneous melanoma management. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122217. [PMID: 36155790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma remains a global concern, but current therapies present critical limitations pointing out the urgent need for novel strategies. Among these, the cutaneous delivery of drugs selectively damaging cancer cells is highly attractive. Rose Bengal (RB) is a dye exhibiting selective cytotoxicity towards melanoma, but the high water solubility and low permeability hinder its therapeutic potential. We previously developed RB-loaded transfersomes (RBTF) to mediate the RB dermal delivery; however, a platform efficiently delivering RBTF in the deepest strata is essential for a successful therapeutic activity. In this regard, dissolving microneedles release the encapsulated cargo up to the dermis, painlessly piercing the outmost skin layers. Therefore, herein we developed and characterised a trilayer dissolving microneedle array (RBTF-TDMNs) loading RBTF to maximise RBTF intradermal delivery in melanoma management. RBTF-TDMNs were proven strong enough to pierce excised porcine skin and rapidly dissolve and deposit RBTF intradermally while maintaining their physicochemical properties. Also, 3D visualisation of the system itself and while penetrating the skin was performed by multi-photon microscopy. Finally, a dermatokinetic study showed that RBTF-TDMNs offered unique delivery efficiency advantages compared to RBTF dispersion and free drug-loaded TDMNs. The proposed RBTF-TDMNs represent a valuable potential adjuvant tool for the topical management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Demartis
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - Subrin A Jahan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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11
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Accioni F, Rassu G, Begines B, Rodríguez-Albelo LM, Torres Y, Alcudia A, Gavini E. Novel Utilization of Therapeutic Coatings Based on Infiltrated Encapsulated Rose Bengal Microspheres in Porous Titanium for Implant Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061244. [PMID: 35745816 PMCID: PMC9230760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing progress achieved in the last 20 years in both the fabrication of porous dental implants and the development of new biopolymers for targeting drug therapy, there are important issues such as bone resorption, poor osseointegration, and bacterial infections that remain as critical challenges to avoid clinical failure problems. In this work, we present a novel microtechnology based on polycaprolactone microspheres that can adhere to porous titanium implant models obtained by the spacer holder technique to allow a custom biomechanical and biofunctional balance. For this purpose, a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique was successfully employed for the fabrication of the microparticles properly loaded with the antibacterial therapeutic agent, rose bengal. The resulting microspheres were infiltrated into porous titanium substrate and sintered at 60 °C for 1 h, obtaining a convenient prophylactic network. In fact, the sintered polymeric microparticles were demonstrated to be key to controlling the drug dissolution rate and favoring the early healing process as consequence of a better wettability of the porous titanium substrate to promote calcium phosphate nucleation. Thus, this joint technology proposes a suitable prophylactic tool to prevent both early-stage infection and late-stage osseointegration problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Accioni
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.A.); (B.B.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Belén Begines
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Luisa Marleny Rodríguez-Albelo
- Departmento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain; (L.M.R.-A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yadir Torres
- Departmento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain; (L.M.R.-A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ana Alcudia
- Departmento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.A.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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12
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Demartis S, Rassu G, Murgia S, Casula L, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Improving Dermal Delivery of Rose Bengal by Deformable Lipid Nanovesicles for Topical Treatment of Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4046-4057. [PMID: 34554752 PMCID: PMC8564756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cutaneous melanoma
is one of the most aggressive and metastatic
forms of skin cancer. However, current therapeutic options present
several limitations, and the annual death rate due to melanoma increases
every year. Dermal delivery of nanomedicines can effectively eradicate
primary melanoma lesions, avoid the metastatic process, and improve
survival. Rose Bengal (RB) is a sono-photosensitizer drug with intrinsic
cytotoxicity toward melanoma without external stimuli but the biopharmaceutical
profile limits its clinical use. Here, we propose deformable lipid
nanovesicles, also known as transfersomes (TF), for the targeted dermal
delivery of RB to melanoma lesions to eradicate them in the absence
of external stimuli. Considering RB’s poor ability to cross
the stratum corneum and its photosensitizer nature, transfersomal
carriers were selected simultaneously to enhance RB penetration to
the deepest skin layers and protect RB from undesired photodegradation.
RB-loaded TF dispersion (RB-TF), prepared by a modified reverse-phase
evaporation method, were nanosized with a ζ-potential value
below −30 mV. The spectrophotometric and fluorimetric analysis
revealed that RB efficiently interacted with the lipid phase. The
morphological investigations (transmission electron microscopy and
small-angle X-ray scattering) proved that RB intercalated within the
phospholipid bilayer of TF originating unilamellar and deformable
vesicles, in contrast to the rigid multilamellar unloaded ones. Such
outcomes agree with the results of the in vitro permeation study,
where the lack of a burst RB permeation peak for RB-TF, observed instead
for the free drug, suggests that a significant amount of RB interacted
with lipid nanovesicles. Also, RB-TF proved to protect RB from undesired
photodegradation over 24 h of direct light exposure. The ex vivo epidermis
permeation study proved that RB-TF significantly increased RB’s
amount permeating the epidermis compared to the free drug (78.31 vs
38.31%). Finally, the antiproliferative assays on melanoma cells suggested
that RB-TF effectively reduced cell growth compared to free RB at
the concentrations tested (25 and 50 μM). RB-TF could potentially
increase selectivity toward cancer cells. Considering the outcomes
of the characterization and cytotoxicity studies performed on RB-TF,
we conclude that RB-TF represents a valid potential alternative tool
to fight against primary melanoma lesions via dermal delivery in the
absence of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Demartis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.,CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Casula
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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13
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Rassu G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Pavan B, Ferraro L, Gavini E, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Versatile Nasal Application of Cyclodextrins: Excipients and/or Actives? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081180. [PMID: 34452141 PMCID: PMC8401481 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are oligosaccharides widely used in the pharmaceutical field. In this review, a detailed examination of the literature of the last two decades has been made to understand the role of CDs in nasal drug delivery systems. In nasal formulations, CDs are used as pharmaceutical excipients, as solubilizers and absorption promoters, and as active ingredients due to their several biological activities (antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective). The use of CDs in nasal formulations allowed obtaining versatile drug delivery systems intended for local and systemic effects, as well as for nose-to-brain transport of drugs. In vitro and in vivo models currently employed are suitable to analyze the effects of CDs in nasal formulations. Therefore, CDs are versatile pharmaceutical materials, and due to the continual synthesis of new CDs derivatives, the research on the new nasal applications is an interesting field evolving in the coming years, to which Italian research will still contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.R.); (E.G.)
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation—Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.R.); (E.G.)
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.R.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079228754
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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14
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Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Obinu A, Bari E, Mandracchia D, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Crocetin as New Cross-Linker for Bioactive Sericin Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050680. [PMID: 34065101 PMCID: PMC8150760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nose-to-brain delivery route is used to bypass the blood–brain barrier and deliver drugs directly into the brain. Over the years, significant signs of progress have been made in developing nano-drug delivery systems to address the very low drug transfer levels seen with conventional formulations (e.g., nasal solutions). In this paper, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a new bioactive natural cross-linker (NPc) and compared to sericin nanoparticles prepared with glutaraldehyde (NPg). The mean diameter of NPc and NPg was about 248 and 225 nm, respectively, and suitable for nose-to-brain delivery. The morphological investigation revealed that NPc are spherical-like particles with a smooth surface, whereas NPg seem small and rough. NPc remained stable at 4 °C for 28 days, and when freeze-dried with 0.1% w/v of trehalose, the aggregation was prevented. The use of crocetin as a natural cross-linker significantly improved the in vitro ROS-scavenging ability of NPc with respect to NPg. Both formulations were cytocompatible at all the concentrations tested on human fibroblasts and Caco-2 cells and protected them against oxidative stress damage. In detail, for NPc, the concentration of 400 µg/mL resulted in the most promising to maintain the cell metabolic activity of fibroblasts higher than 90%. Overall, the results reported in this paper support the employment of NPc as a nose-to-brain drug delivery system, as the brain targeting of antioxidants is a potential tool for the therapy of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-7922-8735
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
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15
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Nieto González N, Obinu A, Rassu G, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Polymeric and Lipid Nanoparticles: Which Applications in Pediatrics? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050670. [PMID: 34066953 PMCID: PMC8148525 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide the state of the art on polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, used or suggested to approach pediatric diseases’ problems and needs, and to inspire new researches in this field. Several drugs are currently not available in formulations suitable for pediatric patients. The United States Pediatric Formulation Initiative suggested applying new technologies to pediatric drug formulations, for instance, nanotechnology. The literature analysis showed that polymeric and lipid nanoparticles have been widely studied to treat pediatric diseases, and albumin nanoparticles and liposomes are already used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, these studies are focused almost exclusively on pediatric cancer treatment. Although nanomedicine may solve many needs of pediatric diseases and medicines, the unavailability of data on pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of both drugs and nanoparticles in pediatric patients limits the development of new pediatric medicines based on nanoparticles. Therefore, nanomedicine applied in pediatrics remains a significant challenge in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Nieto González
- PhD Program in Chemical Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (P.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (P.G.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079228735
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (P.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (P.G.); (E.G.)
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16
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Cerri G, Farina M, Brundu A, Gavini E, Salis A, Dathe W. Antibacterial activity of Zn-loaded Cuban zeolite against Helicobacter pylori in comparison to its Na-loaded and unmodified counterparts. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:2037-2048. [PMID: 33244649 PMCID: PMC8081705 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori can be found in the stomach of about half of the humans, and a large population can be associated with serious diseases. To survive in the stomach H. pylori increases the pH locally by producing ammonia which binds to H+ becoming ammonium. This work investigated the effects on the in-vitro growth of H. pylori of a natural cation-exchanger mainly composed (≈70%) of clinoptilolite and mordenite. The zeolitized material from Cuba was evaluated in its original form (M), as well as in its Na- (M-Na) and Zn-exchanged (M-Zn) counterparts. In the preliminary agar cup diffusion test, H. pylori revealed susceptibility only to M-Zn, with a direct relationship between concentration and width of inhibition halo. Further experiments evidenced that bacterium replication increases when ammonium is supplied to the growth medium and decreases when zeolites subtract NH4+ via ion exchange. Due to the multi-cationic population of its zeolites M was not effective enough in removing ammonium and, in the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test, allowed bacterial growth even at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Inhibition was achieved with M-Na because it contained sodium zeolites capable of maximizing NH4+ subtraction, although the MIC was high (30 mg/mL). M-Zn evidenced a more effective inhibitory capacity, with a MIC of 4 mg/mL. Zinc has antimicrobial properties and H. pylori growth was affected by Zn2+ released from clinoptilolite and mordenite. These zeolites, being more selective towards NH4+ than Zn2+, can also subtract ammonium to the bacterium, thus enhancing the efficacy of M-Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Cerri
- Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning - GeoMaterials Lab, Sassari University, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Mauro Farina
- Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning - GeoMaterials Lab, Sassari University, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Brundu
- Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning - GeoMaterials Lab, Sassari University, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari University, Via Muroni 23, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Salis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari University, Via Muroni 23, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Wilfried Dathe
- Heck Bio-Pharma GmbH, Gerberstraße 15, 73650, Winterbach, Germany
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Caggiu L, Iacomini A, Pistidda C, Farina V, Senes N, Cao H, Gavini E, Mulas G, Garroni S, Enzo S. In situ synchrotron radiation investigation of V 2O 5-Nb 2O 5 metastable compounds: transformational kinetics at high temperatures with a new structural solution for the orthorhombic V 4Nb 20O 60 phase. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17584-17593. [PMID: 33232412 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03426f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the considerable interest in vanadium niobium oxides as a lithium storage material, the kinetics and transformation processes of the V2O5-5Nb2O5 system have been investigated by in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. The diffraction data after the thermal treatments selected with a view on the most significant features were supplemented with specific ex situ experiments conducted using a laboratory rotating anode X-ray diffractometer. The morphological changes of the mixed powders assuming an amorphous and nanocrystalline solid solution structure as a function of the temperature were inspected by scanning electron microscopy observations. The structural solution of the powder diffraction pattern of the phase recorded in situ at a temperature of about 700 °C was compatible with an orthorhombic crystal structure with the space group Amm2. The obtained lattice parameters for this structure were a = 3.965 Å; b = 17.395 Å, c = 17.742 Å, and the cell composition was V4Nb20O60, Pearson symbol oA84, and density = 4.10 g cm-3. In this structure, while the niobium atoms may be four-, five-, and six-fold coordinated by oxygen atoms, the vanadium atoms were six-fold or seven-fold coordinated. At the temperature of 800 °C and just above, the selected 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 V2O5-Nb2O5 compositions, respectively, returned mostly a tetragonal VNb9O25 phase, in line with earlier observations conducted for determination of the stability phase diagram of such quasi-binary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caggiu
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Iacomini
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Claudio Pistidda
- Nanotechnology Department, Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Max-Planck, Straße 1, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Valeria Farina
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Nina Senes
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Hujun Cao
- Nanotechnology Department, Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Max-Planck, Straße 1, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Mulas
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Garroni
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Enzo
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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18
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Obinu A, Porcu EP, Piras S, Ibba R, Carta A, Molicotti P, Migheli R, Dalpiaz A, Ferraro L, Rassu G, Gavini E, Giunchedi P. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Formulative Strategy to Increase Oral Permeation of a Molecule Active in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Management. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1132. [PMID: 33255304 PMCID: PMC7760137 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mycobacterial efflux pumps in drug-resistant tuberculosis has been widely reported. Recently, a new compound, named SS13, has been synthesized, and its activity as a potential efflux inhibitor has been demonstrated. In this work, the chemical-physical properties of the SS13 were investigated; furthermore, a formulative study aimed to develop a formulation suitable for oral administration was performed. SS13 shows nonintrinsic antitubercular activity, but it increases the antitubercular activity of all the tested drugs on several strains. SS13 is insoluble in different simulated gastrointestinal media; thus, its oral absorption could be limited. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were, therefore, developed by using two different lipids, Witepsol and/or Gelucire. Nanoparticles, having a particle size (range of 200-450 nm with regards to the formulation composition) suitable for intestinal absorption, are able to load SS13 and to improve its permeation through the intestinal mucosa compared to the pure compound. The cytotoxicity is influenced by the concentration of nanoparticles administered. These promising results support the potential application of these nanocarriers for increasing the oral permeation of SS13 in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Obinu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Elena Piera Porcu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Roberta Ibba
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Molicotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
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Conese M, Cassano R, Gavini E, Trapani G, Rassu G, Sanna E, Di Gioia S, Trapani A. Harnessing Stem Cells and Neurotrophic Factors with Novel Technologies in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 14:549-569. [PMID: 30827260 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190301150210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The classical therapeutic approach with L-DOPA is not able to control motor symptoms in the long term, thus new disease-modifying or neuroprotective treatments are urgently required in order to match such yet unmet clinical needs. Success in cell-based therapy has been accomplished at a clinical level with human fetal mesencephalic tissue, but ethical issues and a shortage of organs clearly underline the need for novel sources of dopaminergic neurons. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from different adult and fetal tissues that are normally discarded as waste, including adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord, and dental tissues. Their neuroregenerative, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties are mainly mediated by the secretion of an array of bioactive molecules and are heightened when MSCs form tri-dimensional structures called spheroids. Not only can MSCs spontaneously produce neurotrophic factors (NFs) but they can be engineered to synthetize and secrete them in vivo. The aim of this review is to provide a picture of results gained with MSC secretome and spheroids in PD, as well as the possibility of harnessing MSC-based therapy with the use of nano- and micro-structured materials for NF delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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20
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Mazzarello V, Gavini E, Rassu G, Donadu MG, Usai D, Piu G, Pomponi V, Sucato F, Zanetti S, Montesu MA. Clinical Assessment of New Topical Cream Containing Two Essential Oils Combined with Tretinoin in the Treatment of Acne. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:233-239. [PMID: 32210603 PMCID: PMC7073433 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s236956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Acne is a frequent adolescent disease characterized by inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions whose topical treatment very often presents adverse phenomena such as irritation or resistance to antibiotics that reduce the patient’s compliance. The purpose of this study is to compare a commercial product (Acnatac gel) based on clindamycin-tretinoin (CTG) with a galenic compound containing 2 essential oils (Myrtus communisL. and Origanum vulgare) and tretinoin (MOTC) to evaluate its anti-acne effectiveness and action on the microclimate of the skin. Methods Sixty volunteers were randomly divided into an A group using MOTC and a B group, as a positive control, using CTG. The effectiveness was assessed with non-invasive skin analysis (Sebumeter, pH meter, Tewameter and Mexameter) and the counts of the number of lesions, after 15 and 30 days. Results In both groups, there is a worsening of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) due to tretinoin. MOTC has improved, starting from 15 days of treatment, the papular erythema (p = 0.0329 vs CTG) and has reduced at all times even the rashes of retinoids present in the healthy perilesional skin (p = 0.0329 and p = 0.0017, respectively, at 15 and 30 days). Conclusion MOTC has shown, compared to Acnatac, to have anti-acne efficacy and to possess an anti-inflammatory activity, due to essential oils, able to reduce in vivo erythematous lesions and those induced by retinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Mazzarello
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Departmentof Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Departmentof Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matthew Gavino Donadu
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Departmentof Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Donatella Usai
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Piu
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pomponi
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federica Sucato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Skinlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Montesu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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21
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Rassu G, Gavini E, Carta A, Obinu A, Porcu EP, Giunchedi P. Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Formulated in Nasal Chitosan Microspheres as Candidate Therapeutic Agent in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 15:746-748. [PMID: 29065835 DOI: 10.2174/1567201814666171019104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Obinu
- University of Pavia, PhD School of Experimental Medicine, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Piera Porcu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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22
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Obinu A, Rassu G, Corona P, Maestri M, Riva F, Miele D, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Poly (ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PECA-NPs) as possible agents in tumor treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:520-528. [PMID: 30822627 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor eradication has many challenges due to the difficulty of selectively delivering anticancer drugs to malignant cells avoiding contact with healthy tissues/organs. The improvement of antitumor efficacy and the reduction of systemic side effects can be achieved using drug loaded nanoparticles. In this study, poly (ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PECA-NPs) were prepared using an emulsion polymerization method and their potential for cancer treatment was investigated. The size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of prepared nanoparticles are about 80 nm, 0.08 and -39.7 mV, respectively. The stability test shows that the formulation is stable for 15 days, while an increase in particle size occurs after 30 days. TEM reveals the spherical morphology of nanoparticles; furthermore, FTIR and 1H NMR analyses confirm the structure of PECA-NPs and the complete polymerization. The nanoparticles demonstrate an in vitro concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (Caco-2), as assessed by MTT assay. The anticancer activity of PECA-NPs was studied on 3D tumor spheroids models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and kidney adenocarcinoma cells (A498) to better understand how the nanoparticles could interact with a complex structure such as a tumor. The results confirm the antitumor activity of PECA-NPs. Therefore, these systems can be considered good candidates in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Obinu
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Corona
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine-Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Sandri G, Ferrari F, Gavini E, Rassu G, Giunchedi P. Nanoemulsions for "Nose-to-Brain" Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020084. [PMID: 30781585 PMCID: PMC6409749 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a fundamental role in protecting the brain from toxic substances and therefore also controls and restricts the entry of therapeutic agents. The nasal administration of drugs using the nose-to-brain pathway allows direct drug targeting into the brain, avoiding the first-pass effect and bypassing the BBB. Through the nasal route, the drug can access the brain directly along the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, which are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. Nanoemulsions are formulations belonging to the field of nanomedicine. They consist of emulsions (commonly oil in water) stabilized by one or more surfactants—and eventually co-surfactants—delivered in droplets of small dimensions (sizes of 100–300 nm or less) with a high surface area. A mucoadhesive polymer such as chitosan can be added to the formulation to impair rapid nasal clearance. Nanoemulsions represent promising formulations to deliver drugs directly into the brain through the intranasal route. Therefore, they can be used as a possible alternative to oral administration, avoiding problems such as low solubility in water, poor bioavailability, enzymatic degradation and slow onset of action. This review focuses the present situation in literature regarding the use of nanoemulsions for nose-to-brain targeting, with particular attention to recent publications. Nasal nanoemulsions appear to be effective, non-invasive and safe drug delivery systems to achieve brain targeting for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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Langasco R, Fancello S, Rassu G, Cossu M, Cavalli R, Galleri G, Giunchedi P, Migheli R, Gavini E. Increasing protective activity of genistein by loading into transfersomes: A new potential adjuvant in the oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases? Phytomedicine 2019; 52:23-31. [PMID: 30599903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein is a soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Genistein has intrinsically low oral bioavailability that affects its dose-response activities. PURPOSE Nanotechnologies were used to obtain the delivery of genistein to the brain: lipid-based nanovesicles, transfersomes, loaded with the phytoestrogen were developed as potential therapeutic or preventive strategy against neurodegenerative diseases by intranasal administration. METHODS Phosphatidylcholine from soybean and different edge activators were used to prepare transfersomes. The effect of selected nanovesicles on the oxidative damage was studied in PC12 cell line. RESULTS Suitable nanovesicles as carrier of genistein were obtained; their composition affects deformability, drug permeation behavior and cytotoxicity. In particular, the formulation containing Span 80, GEN-TF2, showed efficiency of internalization into the cell and it was able to attenuate ROS formation and to reduce the amount of apoptotic cells generated by H2O2 treatment compared to genistein. CONCLUSION GEN-TF2 was able to reduce the oxidative damage suggesting a possible antioxidant role of this drug delivery system. These obtained data confer to GEN-TF2 a potential antioxidant activity and then it could be used as adjuvant therapy in oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Langasco
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Silvia Fancello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Massimo Cossu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Science and Technology of Pharmaceutics, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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25
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Rassu G, Porcu EP, Fancello S, Obinu A, Senes N, Galleri G, Migheli R, Gavini E, Giunchedi P. Intranasal Delivery of Genistein-Loaded Nanoparticles as a Potential Preventive System against Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2018; 11:pharmaceutics11010008. [PMID: 30597930 PMCID: PMC6359056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein has been reported to have antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Despite encouraging in vitro and in vivo results, several disadvantages such as poor water solubility, rapid metabolism, and low oral bioavailability limit the clinical application of genistein. The aim of this study was to design and characterize genistein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for intranasal drug delivery, prepared by the ionic gelation technique by using sodium hexametaphosphate. Nanoparticles were characterized in vitro and their cytotoxicity was tested on PC12 cells. Genistein-loaded nanoparticles were prepared, and sodium hexametaphosphate was used as a valid alternative to well-known cross-linkers. Nanoparticle characteristics as well as their physical stability were affected by formulation composition and manufacturing. Small (mean diameters of 200–300 nm) and homogeneous nanoparticles were obtained and were able to improve genistein penetration through the nasal mucosa as compared to pure genistein. Nanoparticle dispersions showed a pH consistent with the nasal fluid and preserved PC12 cell vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elena Piera Porcu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fancello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Nina Senes
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Rassu G, Ferraro L, Pavan B, Giunchedi P, Gavini E, Dalpiaz A. The Role of Combined Penetration Enhancers in Nasal Microspheres on In Vivo Drug Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E206. [PMID: 30373187 PMCID: PMC6321492 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microspheres based on both methyl-β-cyclodextrins and chitosan were prepared by spray-drying as nasal formulations of a model polar drug to analyze, firstly, how the composition of the carrier affects drug permeation across synthetic membranes and, secondly, how it induces systemic or brain delivery of the drug. Microparticles with different weight ratios of the two penetration enhancers (10⁻90, 50⁻50, 90⁻10) were characterized with respect to morphology, size, structural composition, water uptake, and the in vitro drug permeation profile. The leader formulation (weight ratio of 50⁻50) was then nasally administered to rats; systemic and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drug concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) over time. Microspheres obtained with a single enhancer, methyl-β-cyclodextrins or chitosan, were administered in vivo as a comparison. The in vitro properties of combined microspheres appeared modified with regard to the polymeric matrix ratio. In vivo results suggest that the optimal drug distribution between CSF and bloodstream can be easily obtained by varying the amount of these two penetration enhancers studied in the matrix of nasal microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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27
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Obinu A, Gavini E, Rassu G, Maestri M, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P. Nanoparticles in detection and treatment of lymph node metastases: an update from the point of view of administration routes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1117-1126. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1537260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Obinu
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Gavini E, Bonferoni MC, Rassu G, Obinu A, Ferrari F, Giunchedi P. Biodegradable Microspheres as Intravitreal Delivery Systems for Prolonged Drug Release. What is their Eminence in the Nanoparticle Era? Curr Drug Deliv 2018; 15:930-940. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666180226121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Obinu A, Gavini E, Rassu G, Maestri M, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P. Lymph node metastases: importance of detection and treatment strategies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:459-467. [PMID: 29504430 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1446937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lymphatic vessels are the preferential route of most solid tumors to spread their metastases in the body. The onset of metastatic nests in draining lymph nodes (LNs) are a significant indicator of cancer progression and a dismaying sign of worsen staging. Therefore, the individuation and elimination of cancer cells within the lymphatic system (LS) are an important goal. Nevertheless, the targeting of the LS with traditional contrast agents and/or chemotherapeutics is difficult, due to its anatomical structure. For this reason, many studies on new lymphatic delivery systems have been carried out, both to improve lymphatic imaging and to selectively carry chemotherapeutics to LNs, reducing the exposure of healthy tissues to the cytotoxic substances. This is an overview of the present situation in the field of detection and treatment strategies of lymphatic metastases, taking into account the use of nano-drug delivery systems. Nanocarriers, thanks to their small size and other physicochemical characteristics, are suitable vectors for imaging and chemotherapy of the LS. AREAS COVERED The role of the LS in tumor progression and importance of treatment and imaging strategies of lymphatic metastases. EXPERT OPINION The nanoparticles are a promising approach for treatment and detection of lymphatic metastases. However further studies are necessary in order to evaluate their efficacy in human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Obinu
- a PhD in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- a PhD in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,c Department of Surgery , IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- b Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
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Langasco R, Tanrıverdi ST, Özer Ö, Roldo M, Cossu M, Rassu G, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Prolonged skin retention of clobetasol propionate by bio-based microemulsions: a potential tool for scalp psoriasis treatment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:398-406. [PMID: 29098874 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1395458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel effective and cosmetically acceptable formulations are needed for the treatment of scalp psoriasis, due to the poor efficacy of the current products. The challenge in developing safe, efficient, and convenient delivery systems for this drug was addressed in the present work by formulating clobetasol propionate-loaded W/O microemulsions (MEs). Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed by using a combination of biocompatible and biodegradable excipients. Characterization studies demonstrated that selected MEs had suitable technological features such as being Newtonian fluids, possessing low viscosity, and high thermodynamic stability. Photomicrographs showed a significant alteration of the skin structure after treatment with MEs, and a preferential concentration of these in the stratum corneum and epidermis. These data, together with ex vivo permeation results, suggested an enhanced topical targeted effect due to an increased drug retention efficacy in the upper skin layers, as desired. Moreover, the bio-based excipients selected could contribute to the healing of the psoriatic scalp. In this way, the improvement of clobetasol efficacy is combined with the useful properties of the microemulsion components and with environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Langasco
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Sakine Tuncay Tanrıverdi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Özgen Özer
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Marta Roldo
- c School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Massimo Cossu
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
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Porcu EP, Salis A, Rassu G, Maestri M, Galafassi J, Bruni G, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Engineered polymeric microspheres obtained by multi-step method as potential systems for transarterial embolization and intraoperative imaging of HCC: Preliminary evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:160-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Salis A, Porcu EP, Gavini E, Fois GR, Icaro Cornaglia A, Rassu G, Diana M, Maestri M, Giunchedi P, Nikolakakis I. In situ forming biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) microsphere systems: a challenge for transarterial embolization therapy. In vitro and preliminary ex vivo studies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:453-465. [PMID: 28276966 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1295036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In situ forming biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microspheres (PCL-ISM) system was developed as a novel embolic agent for transarterial embolization (TAE) therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ibuprofen sodium (Ibu-Na) was loaded on this platform to evaluate its potential for the treatment of post embolization syndrome. METHODS The influence of formulation parameters on the size/shape, encapsulation efficiency and drug release was investigated using mixture experimental design. Regression models were derived and used to optimize the formulation for particle size, encapsulation efficiency and drug release profile for TAE therapy. An ex vivo model using isolated rat livers was established to assess the in situ formation of microspheres. RESULTS All PCL-ISM components affected the studied properties and fitting indices of the regression models were high (Radj2 = 0.810 for size, 0.964 encapsulation efficiency, and 0.993 or 0.971 for drug release at 30 min or 48 h). The optimized composition was: PCL = 4%, NMP = 43.1%, oil = 48.9%, surfactant = 2% and drug = 2%. Ex vivo studies revealed that PCL-ISM was able to form microspheres in the hepatic arterial bed. CONCLUSIONS PCL-ISM system provides a novel tool for the treatment of HCC and post-embolization syndrome. It is capable of forming microspheres with desirable size and Ibu-Na release profile after injection into blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salis
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Elena P Porcu
- b Department of Diagnostic, Pediatric, Clinical and Surgical Science , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Giulia R Fois
- c 'G. Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- d Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Histology , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Marco Diana
- c 'G. Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- e Surgery 1, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and Department of Diagnostic, Pediatric, Clinical and Surgical Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- f Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Rassu G, Soddu E, Posadino AM, Pintus G, Sarmento B, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Nose-to-brain delivery of BACE1 siRNA loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles for Alzheimer's therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 152:296-301. [PMID: 28126681 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We designed a delivery system to obtain an efficient and optimal nose-to-brain transport of BACE1 siRNA, potentially useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We selected a cell-penetrating peptide, the short peptide derived from rabies virus glycoprotein known as RVG-9R, to increase the transcellular pathway in neuronal cells. The optimal molar ratio between RVG-9R and BACE1 siRNA was elucidated. The complex between the two was then encapsulated. We propose chitosan-coated and uncoated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a nasal delivery system capable of exploiting both olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. The coating process had an effect on the zeta potential, obtaining positively-charged nanoparticles, and on siRNA protection. The positive charge of the coating formulation ensured mucoadhesiveness to the particles and also prolonged residence time in the nasal cavity. We studied the cellular transport of siRNA released from the SLNs using Caco-2 as a model of epithelial-like phenotypes. We found that siRNA permeates the monolayer to a greater extent when released from any of the studied formulations than from bare siRNA, and primarily from chitosan-coated SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Soddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116, Gandra-PRD, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23a, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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Langasco R, Cadeddu B, Formato M, Lepedda AJ, Cossu M, Giunchedi P, Pronzato R, Rassu G, Manconi R, Gavini E. Natural collagenic skeleton of marine sponges in pharmaceutics: Innovative biomaterial for topical drug delivery. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2017; 70:710-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yalcin A, Soddu E, Turunc Bayrakdar E, Uyanikgil Y, Kanit L, Armagan G, Rassu G, Gavini E, Giunchedi P. Neuroprotective Effects of Engineered Polymeric Nasal Microspheres Containing Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on β-Amyloid (1-42)-Induced Toxicity. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2372-80. [PMID: 27353207 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) plaques are the key neurotoxic assemblies in Alzheimer disease. It has been suggested that an interaction occurs between membrane cholesterol and Aβ aggregation in the brain. Cyclodextrins can remove cholesterol from cell membranes and change receptor function. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-CD) polymeric microspheres, based on chitosan or sodium alginate, on the levels of lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial function in brain synaptosomes. The effect of microspheres on DNA fragmentation, the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and Apex1 mRNAs in rat hippocampus after Aβ(1-42) peptide-induced neurotoxicity was also evaluated. Comparison with HP-CD raw material was performed. Aβ(1-42) treatment significantly decreased the mitochondrial activity of Apex1 and Bcl-2 mRNAs, induced DNA fragmentation, and increased mRNA levels of Bax. Treatment with HP-CD microspheres against Aβ(1-42) significantly reduced DNA fragmentation and increased the Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio and mitochondrial function. In addition, HP-CD microspheres used against Aβ(1-42) decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species production. These results indicate that nasally administered spray-dried HP-CD microspheres are able to provide protection against Aβ(1-42)-induced neurotoxicity, due to the suppressed levels of oxidative stress and apoptotic signals in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Yalcin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Department of Neurosciences, Health Science Institute, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Elena Soddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Ezgi Turunc Bayrakdar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Yigit Uyanikgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Kanit
- Department of Neurosciences, Health Science Institute, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Guliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
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Langasco R, Spada G, Tanriverdi ST, Rassu G, Giunchedi P, Özer Ö, Gavini E. Bio-based topical system for enhanced salicylic acid delivery: preparation and performance of gels. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
New salicylic acid (SA)-loaded gels were developed using excipients made from renewable materials, and our goal was to improve drug permeation in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris.
Methods
We studied the preparation parameters to obtain suitable gel formulations. Only naturally occurring polymers were used as gelling agents. Two hydrogels and three lipogels were selected and characterized in terms of drug loading, pH, viability cells, rheology, mechanical properties and in vitro permeation; these hydrogels and lipogels were compared with the traditional ointment. We also evaluated skin parameters before and after gel application.
Key findings
The formulations that we studied are non-Newtonian fluids; they have high drug loading and suitable mechanical properties. Lipogels exhibit a slower and more linear in vitro permeation profile compared with hydrogels. The different vehicles that we used affected drug permeation and improve patient compliance. Cytotoxicity studies suggest that all of the formulations are non-toxic.
Conclusions
Lipogels demonstrate appropriate technological features and improved performance compared with the traditional ointment with regard to their composition. Lipogels may represent a new bio-based topical system for SA delivery. The use of ‘green’ excipients leads to ‘skin-friendly’ formulations that are able to satisfy environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Langasco
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Özgen Özer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Porcu EP, Salis A, Gavini E, Rassu G, Maestri M, Giunchedi P. Indocyanine green delivery systems for tumour detection and treatments. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:768-789. [PMID: 27090752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a cyanine compound that displays fluorescent properties in the near infrared region. This dye is employed for numerous indications but nowadays its major application field regards tumour diagnosis and treatments. Optical imaging by near infrared fluorescence provides news opportunities for oncologic surgery. The imaging of ICG can be useful for intraoperative identification of several solid tumours and metastases, and sentinel lymph node detection. In addition, ICG can be used as an agent for the destruction of malignant tissue, by virtue of the production of reactive oxygen species and/or induction of a hyperthermia effect under irradiation. Nevertheless, ICG shows several drawbacks, which limit its clinical application. Several formulative strategies have been studied to overcome these problems. The rationale of the development of ICG containing drug delivery systems is to enhance the in vivo stability and biodistribution profile of this dye, allowing tumour accumulation and resulting in better efficacy. In this review, ICG containing nano-sized carriers are classified based on their chemical composition and structure. In addition to nanosystems, different formulations including hydrogel, microsystems and others loaded with ICG will be illustrated. In particular, this report describes the preparation, in vitro characterization and in vivo application of ICG platforms for cancer imaging and treatment. The promising results of all systems confirm their clinical utility but further studies are required prior to evaluating the formulations in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P Porcu
- PhD in Experimental Medicine, Department of Diagnostic, Paediatric, Clinical and Surgical Science, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Salis
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sassari, Italy.
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Rassu G, Soddu E, Cossu M, Gavini E, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Particulate formulations based on chitosan for nose-to-brain delivery of drugs. A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rassu G, Salis A, Porcu EP, Giunchedi P, Roldo M, Gavini E. Composite chitosan/alginate hydrogel for controlled release of deferoxamine: A system to potentially treat iron dysregulation diseases. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:1338-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rassu G, Cossu M, Langasco R, Carta A, Cavalli R, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Propolis as lipid bioactive nano-carrier for topical nasal drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:908-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Giunchedi P, Gavini E, Dionigi P, Maestri M. Opinion Paper: Selective Targeting of Liver Nodules. Present Situation and New Challenges to Enhance Indocyanine Green Captation from Colorectal Liver Metastases. Curr Drug Deliv 2015; 12:474-6. [DOI: 10.2174/156720181205151104142906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dalpiaz A, Fogagnolo M, Ferraro L, Capuzzo A, Pavan B, Rassu G, Salis A, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Nasal chitosan microparticles target a zidovudine prodrug to brain HIV sanctuaries. Antiviral Res 2015; 123:146-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Briguglio I, Loddo R, Laurini E, Fermeglia M, Piras S, Corona P, Giunchedi P, Gavini E, Sanna G, Giliberti G, Ibba C, Farci P, La Colla P, Pricl S, Carta A. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antiviral evaluation of new series of imidazo[4,5-g]quinoline and pyrido[2,3-g]quinoxalinone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105:63-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gavini E, Bonferoni MC, Rassu G, Sandri G, Rossi S, Salis A, Porcu EP, Giunchedi P. Engineered microparticles based on drug-polymer coprecipitates for ocular-controlled delivery of Ciprofloxacin: influence of technological parameters. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:554-62. [PMID: 26482534 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is a drug active against a broad spectrum of aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, for the therapy of ocular infections. It requires frequent administrations owing to rapid ocular clearance and it is a good candidate for ocular controlled release formulations. The preparation of such drug release systems is still a challenge. Ionic interactions between ciprofloxacin and the polyelectrolytes chondroitin sulfate or lambda carrageenan result in coprecipitates that can act as microparticulate controlled release systems from which the drug is released after being displaced by the medium's ions. In some formulations, Carbopol was added to improve the mucoadhesive properties. The aim of this research was the study of the influence of the technological parameters of the preparation method of coprecipitates on their particle size, with the goal of achieving particles engineered with a size suitable for the ocular administration. Technological parameters taken into account were: concentration of drug and polymer solutions utilized for the preparation of interaction products, possible use of surfactants (kind and concentration), temperature of the solutions and stirring during the process of preparation of the coprecipitates. Preliminary stability study tests were carried out to further characterize the leader formulation. Particle size in suspensions for ocular drug delivery is a critical parameter influencing the quality of the formulation. The results obtained from this study show that chondroitin sulfate coprecipitates present the best characteristics in terms of particle size suitable for ocular administration. A further improvement of the particle size characteristics has been obtained with the addition of surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gavini
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Rassu
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy , and
| | - Silvia Rossi
- b Department of Drug Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy , and
| | - Andrea Salis
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Elena Piera Porcu
- c PhD School of Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
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Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Pirisi MA, Burrai L, Boatto G, Gavini E, Rassu G. Synthesis of 2-(Quinoxalin-2-ylamino-benzotriazolyl) Pentanedioic Derivatives as Potential Anti-Folate Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Briguglio
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Muroni 23a 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - S. Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Muroni 23a 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - P. Corona
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Muroni 23a 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - M. A. Pirisi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Muroni 23a 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - L. Burrai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Muroni 23a 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - G. Boatto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Muroni 23a 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - E. Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Muroni 23a 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - G. Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Muroni 23a 07100 Sassari Italy
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Briguglio I, Piras S, Corona P, Gavini E, Nieddu M, Boatto G, Carta A. Benzotriazole: An overview on its versatile biological behavior. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:612-48. [PMID: 25293580 PMCID: PMC7115563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discovered in late 1960, azoles are heterocyclic compounds class which constitute the largest group of available antifungal drugs. Particularly, the imidazole ring is the chemical component that confers activity to azoles. Triazoles are obtained by a slight modification of this ring and similar or improved activities as well as less adverse effects are reported for triazole derivatives. Consequently, it is not surprising that benzimidazole/benzotriazole derivatives have been found to be biologically active. Since benzimidazole has been widely investigated, this review is focused on defining the place of benzotriazole derivatives in biomedical research, highlighting their versatile biological properties, the mode of action and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies for a variety of antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and even antitumor, choleretic, cholesterol-lowering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Briguglio
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - S Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - P Corona
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - E Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Nieddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Boatto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Salis A, Rassu G, Budai-Szűcs M, Benzoni I, Csányi E, Berkó S, Maestri M, Dionigi P, Porcu EP, Gavini E, Giunchedi P. Development of thermosensitive chitosan/glicerophospate injectable in situ gelling solutions for potential application in intraoperative fluorescence imaging and local therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary study. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1583-96. [PMID: 25937030 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1042452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thermosensitive chitosan/glycerophosphate (C/GP) solutions exhibiting sol-gel transition around body temperature were prepared to develop a class of injectable hydrogel platforms for the imaging and loco-regional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Indocyanine green (ICG) was loaded in the thermosensitive solutions in order to assess their potential for the detection of tumor nodules by fluorescence. METHODS The gel formation of these formulations as well as their gelling time, injectability, compactness and resistance of gel structure, gelling temperature, storage conditions, biodegradability, and in vitro dye release behavior were investigated. Ex vivo studies were carried out for preliminary evaluation using an isolated bovine liver. RESULTS Gel strengths and gelation rates increased with the cross-link density between C and GP. These behaviors are more evident for C/GP solutions, which displayed a gel-like precipitation at 4°C. Furthermore, formulations with the lowest cross-link density between C and GP exhibited the best injectability due to a lower resistance to flow. The loading of the dye did not influence the gelation rate. ICG was not released from the hydrogels because of a strong electrostatic interaction between C and ICG. Ex vivo preliminary studies revealed that these injectable formulations remain in correspondence of the injected site. CONCLUSIONS The developed ICG-loaded hydrogels have the potential for intraoperative fluorescence imaging and local therapy of HCC as embolic agents. They form in situ compact gels and have a good potential for filling vessels and/or body cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salis
- a 1 University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- a 1 University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Budai-Szűcs
- b 2 University of Szeged, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, Hungary
| | - Ilaria Benzoni
- c 3 IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation , Pavia, Italy
| | - Erzsébet Csányi
- b 2 University of Szeged, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- b 2 University of Szeged, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös str. 6, Hungary
| | | | - Paolo Dionigi
- d 4 University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences , Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Gavini
- a 1 University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- f 6 University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy +39079228754 ; +39079228732 ;
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Rassu G, Soddu E, Cossu M, Brundu A, Cerri G, Marchetti N, Ferraro L, Regan RF, Giunchedi P, Gavini E, Dalpiaz A. Solid microparticles based on chitosan or methyl-β-cyclodextrin: a first formulative approach to increase the nose-to-brain transport of deferoxamine mesylate. J Control Release 2015; 201:68-77. [PMID: 25620068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We propose the formulation and characterization of solid microparticles as nasal drug delivery systems able to increase the nose-to-brain transport of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), a neuroprotector unable to cross the blood brain barrier and inducing negative peripheral impacts. Spherical chitosan chloride and methyl-β-cyclodextrin microparticles loaded with DFO (DCH and MCD, respectively) were obtained by spray drying. Their volume-surface diameters ranged from 1.77 ± 0.06 μm (DCH) to 3.47 ± 0.05 μm (MCD); the aerodynamic diameters were about 1.1 μm and their drug content was about 30%. In comparison with DCH, MCD enhanced the in vitro DFO permeation across lipophilic membranes, similarly as shown by ex vivo permeation studies across porcine nasal mucosa. Moreover, MCD were able to promote the DFO permeation across monolayers of PC 12 cells (neuron-like), but like DCH, it did not modify the DFO permeation pattern across Caco-2 monolayers (epithelial-like). Nasal administration to rats of 200 μg DFO encapsulated in the microparticles resulted in its uptake into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with peak values ranging from 3.83 ± 0.68 μg/mL (DCH) to 14.37 ± 1.69 μg/mL (MCD) 30 min after insufflation of microparticles. No drug CSF uptake was detected after nasal administration of a DFO water solution. The DFO systemic absolute bioavailabilities obtained by DCH and MCD nasal administration were 6% and 15%, respectively. Chitosan chloride and methyl-β-cyclodextrins appear therefore suitable to formulate solid microparticles able to promote the nose to brain uptake of DFO and to limit its systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Soddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Cossu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Brundu
- Department of Natural and Territorial Sciences, University of Sassari, via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Guido Cerri
- Department of Natural and Territorial Sciences, University of Sassari, via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raymond F Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Soddu E, Rassu G, Cossu M, Giunchedi P, Cerri G, Gavini E. The effect of formulative parameters on the size and physical stability of SLN based on "green" components. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 21:98-107. [PMID: 25331189 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.971376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa butter (CB) is a largely used excipient in pharmaceutical field. Aim of this work was to set formulative parameters for the preparation of SLN based on "green" lipid matrix for drug delivery as natural, both human and environmental safe systems. Double emulsion technique (w1/o/w2) was selected for SLN preparation. The effect on the dimensional properties of different surfactants (Tween 80 and PEG 40 monostearate) and co-surfactants (PEG400 monostearate, Emulium® Kappa2 and Plurol®Stearique) at different concentrations was evaluated. Stability tests were performed. SLN dispersions were exsiccated and the effect of the dried process on SLN size was evaluated. The influence of temperature on SLN dimensions was investigated at 37 °C. MTT test was performed on raw materials and formulations. The w1/o/w2 is suitable, rapid and economic technique for the preparation of CB SLN. Tween 80-Plurol Stearique combination gives the best results: particles size less than 400 nm and PI of about 0.4 are obtained when PS 2% is used. Both raw materials and formulations are safe. The importance to evaluate the effect of different surfactant and/or co-surfactant on the dimensional properties of SLN is evident by selecting substances with preferable safety profiles, and favorable environmental properties to develop stable "green" SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guido Cerri
- b Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio , Università di Sassari , Sassari , Italy
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Rassu G, Nieddu M, Bosi P, Trevisi P, Colombo M, Priori D, Manconi P, Giunchedi P, Gavini E, Boatto G. Encapsulation and modified-release of thymol from oral microparticles as adjuvant or substitute to current medications. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:1627-1632. [PMID: 25442269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to encapsulate, thymol, in natural polymers in order to obtain (i) taste masking effect and, then, enhancing its palatability and (ii) two formulations for systemic and local delivery of herbal drug as adjuvants or substitutes to current medications to prevent and treat several human and animal diseases. Microspheres based on methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) were prepared by spray drying technique. Microparticles were in vitro characterized in terms of yield of production, drug content and encapsulation efficiency, particle size, morphology and drug release. Both formulations were in vivo orally administered and pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out. The polymers used affect the release and, then, the pharmacokinetic profile of thymol. Encapsulation into methylcellulose microspheres leads to short half/life but bioavailability remarkably increases compared to the free thymol. In contrast, enteric formulation based on HPMCP shows very limited systemic absorption. These formulations could be proposed as alternative or adjuvants for controlling pathogen infections in human or animal. In particular, methylcellulose microspheres can be used for thymol systemic administration at low doses and HPMCP particles for local treatment of intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Nieddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - P Bosi
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - P Trevisi
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M Colombo
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - D Priori
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - P Manconi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - P Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - E Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Boatto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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