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Muta T, Parikh A, Kathawala K, Haidari H, Song Y, Thomas J, Garg S. Quality-by-Design Approach for the Development of Nano-Sized Tea Tree Oil Formulation-Impregnated Biocompatible Gel with Antimicrobial Properties. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1091. [PMID: 33202841 PMCID: PMC7698170 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising properties of tea tree oil (TTO) as potential therapeutics for several superficial skin conditions, certain limitations such as physical instability and skin irritation have restricted its widespread use. This study focuses on developing a rationally designed lipid-based nanoformulation (TTO-LNF) in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration standard using a well-recognized quality-by-design (QbD) approach. Using a mixture experimental design, TTO-LNF has been optimized with 5% TTO, 10% surfactant, 5% co-surfactant, and 80% water, which showed a 14.4 ± 4.4 nm droplet size and 0.03 ± 0.01 polydispersity index (PDI). To ease the topical administration, the TTO-LNF gel formulation was further developed using xanthan gum to achieve the desired viscosity and form a gel. The in vitro antibacterial tests of TTO-LNF showed promising inhibitory effects toward both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In fact, a complete growth inhibition of S. epidermidis was observed when exposed to TTO-LNF and TTO-LNF gel for 24 h, showing better activity than antibiotic kanamycin (25 µg/mL). Additionally, the in vitro release study showed a sustained release profile with a 50% release in 24 h, which could be beneficial to reduce the toxicity and thereby improve the therapeutic efficacy for long-acting applications. Furthermore, the formulations were remarkably stable at 40 °C/75% Relative humidity (RH) for at least 4 weeks. Therefore, this study presents a promising strategy to develop a biocompatible and stable formulation that can be used for the topical treatment of skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabata Muta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.M.); (A.P.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.M.); (A.P.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Krishna Kathawala
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.M.); (A.P.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hanif Haidari
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.M.); (A.P.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunmei Song
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.M.); (A.P.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jackson Thomas
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia;
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.M.); (A.P.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.S.)
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Asmawi AA, Salim N, Abdulmalek E, Abdul Rahman MB. Modeling the Effect of Composition on Formation of Aerosolized Nanoemulsion System Encapsulating Docetaxel and Curcumin Using D-Optimal Mixture Experimental Design. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4357. [PMID: 32575390 PMCID: PMC7352744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The synergistic anticancer effect of docetaxel (DTX) and curcumin (CCM) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic candidate for lung cancer treatment. However, the lack of optimal bioavailability because of high toxicity, low stability, and poor solubility has limited their clinical success. Given this, an aerosolized nanoemulsion system for pulmonary delivery is recommended to mitigate these drawbacks. In this study, DTX- and CCM-loaded nanoemulsions were optimized using the D-optimal mixture experimental design (MED). The effect of nanoemulsion compositions towards two response variables, namely, particle size and aerosol size, was studied. The optimized formulations for both DTX- and CCM-loaded nanoemulsions were determined, and their physicochemical and aerodynamic properties were evaluated as well. The MED models achieved the optimum formulation for DTX- and CCM-loaded nanoemulsions containing a 6.0 wt% mixture of palm kernel oil ester (PKOE) and safflower seed oils (1:1), 2.5 wt% of lecithin, 2.0 wt% mixture of Tween 85 and Span 85 (9:1), and 2.5 wt% of glycerol in the aqueous phase. The actual values of the optimized formulations were in line with the predicted values obtained from the MED, and they exhibited desirable attributes of physicochemical and aerodynamic properties for inhalation therapy. Thus, the optimized formulations have potential use as a drug delivery system for a pulmonary application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azren Aida Asmawi
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (N.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Norazlinaliza Salim
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (N.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Emilia Abdulmalek
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (N.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (N.S.); (E.A.)
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Musa SH, Basri M, Fard Masoumi HR, Shamsudin N, Salim N. Enhancement of physicochemical properties of nanocolloidal carrier loaded with cyclosporine for topical treatment of psoriasis: in vitro diffusion and in vivo hydrating action. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2427-2441. [PMID: 28405165 PMCID: PMC5378462 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that cannot be cured. It can however be controlled by various forms of treatment, including topical, systemic agents, and phototherapy. Topical treatment is the first-line treatment and favored by most physicians, as this form of therapy has more patient compliance. Introducing a nanoemulsion for transporting cyclosporine as an anti-inflammatory drug to an itchy site of skin disease would enhance the effectiveness of topical treatment for psoriasis. The addition of nutmeg and virgin coconut-oil mixture, with their unique properties, could improve cyclosporine loading and solubility. A high-shear homogenizer was used in formulating a cyclosporine-loaded nanoemulsion. A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used in the optimization of nanoemulsion compositions, in order to understand the relationships behind the effect of independent variables (oil, surfactant, xanthan gum, and water content) on physicochemical response (particle size and polydispersity index) and rheological response (viscosity and k-value). Investigation of these variables suggests two optimized formulations with specific oil (15% and 20%), surfactant (15%), xanthan gum (0.75%), and water content (67.55% and 62.55%), which possessed intended responses and good stability against separation over 3 months' storage at different temperatures. Optimized nanoemulsions of pH 4.5 were further studied with all types of stability analysis: physical stability, coalescence-rate analysis, Ostwald ripening, and freeze-thaw cycles. In vitro release proved the efficacy of nanosize emulsions in carrying cyclosporine across rat skin and a synthetic membrane that best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. In vivo skin analysis towards healthy volunteers showed a significant improvement in the stratum corneum in skin hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Norashikin Shamsudin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Salis A, Porcu EP, Gavini E, Fois GR, Icaro Cornaglia A, Rassu G, Diana M, Maestri M, Giunchedi P, Nikolakakis I. In situ forming biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) microsphere systems: a challenge for transarterial embolization therapy. In vitro and preliminary ex vivo studies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:453-465. [PMID: 28276966 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1295036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In situ forming biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microspheres (PCL-ISM) system was developed as a novel embolic agent for transarterial embolization (TAE) therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ibuprofen sodium (Ibu-Na) was loaded on this platform to evaluate its potential for the treatment of post embolization syndrome. METHODS The influence of formulation parameters on the size/shape, encapsulation efficiency and drug release was investigated using mixture experimental design. Regression models were derived and used to optimize the formulation for particle size, encapsulation efficiency and drug release profile for TAE therapy. An ex vivo model using isolated rat livers was established to assess the in situ formation of microspheres. RESULTS All PCL-ISM components affected the studied properties and fitting indices of the regression models were high (Radj2 = 0.810 for size, 0.964 encapsulation efficiency, and 0.993 or 0.971 for drug release at 30 min or 48 h). The optimized composition was: PCL = 4%, NMP = 43.1%, oil = 48.9%, surfactant = 2% and drug = 2%. Ex vivo studies revealed that PCL-ISM was able to form microspheres in the hepatic arterial bed. CONCLUSIONS PCL-ISM system provides a novel tool for the treatment of HCC and post-embolization syndrome. It is capable of forming microspheres with desirable size and Ibu-Na release profile after injection into blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salis
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Elena P Porcu
- b Department of Diagnostic, Pediatric, Clinical and Surgical Science , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Giulia R Fois
- c 'G. Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- d Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Histology , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Marco Diana
- c 'G. Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- e Surgery 1, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and Department of Diagnostic, Pediatric, Clinical and Surgical Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- f Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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