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Senger CM, Dornelles IS, Queiroz JM, Mello PA, Muller EI, Muller ALH. Greening microwave-assisted digestion method using hydrogen peroxide for determination of elemental impurities by ICP-OES in antihypertensive active pharmaceutical ingredients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115802. [PMID: 37871418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) using only H2O2 was proposed for oxidizing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for hypertension treatment and subsequent determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL) presented the most refractory characteristic for oxidation using MAWD-H2O2. This proposed MAWD-H2O2 method was validated for specificity, accuracy, and precision according to United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter 233 guidelines. Regarding specificity, the most sensitive emission lines were utilized to analyze all elemental impurities in the digests, and no significant spectral interferences were observed. Sample masses of 500 mg for all APIs and a digestion temperature of 250 °C provided digests with residual carbon (RC) below 2400 mg L-1 of C. Additionally, the residual acidity of the MAWD-H2O2 digests was lower than the acidity presented by the HNO3 digests. The highest and lowest residual carbon content (RCC) for digests were observed for DIL and captopril (CAP), respectively, using MAWD-H2O2. When comparing the RCC for MAWD-H2O2 and MAWD-HNO3 digests for APIs containing aromatic rings, it was evident that H2O2 offered equivalent conditions for digesting these compounds. Accuracy tests showed recovery values of 91-110% for all elemental impurities, as recommended by USP chapter 233. Validation experiments for precision presented relative standard deviation (RSD) values below 6.4% and 10% under repeatability and intermediate precision conditions, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) provided by MAWD-H2O2 are at most half of those recommended by of USP and International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements (ICH). In conclusion, MAWD-H2O2 can be considered an alternative method for API digestion, aligning with green analytical chemistry principles, as it does not employ toxic reagents, minimizes waste, and the main products of H2O2 oxidation are water and oxygen. Considering the analytical Eco-Scale, the MAWD-H2O2 method scored 81, classifying it as an excellent green analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Senger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora S Dornelles
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jennefer M Queiroz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Edson I Muller
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline L H Muller
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Facile Separation of Cu2+ from Water by Novel Sandwich NaY Zeolite Adsorptive Membrane. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethersulfone-sulfonated polyethersulfone (PES-SPES)/NaY zeolite/nylon sandwich structure membranes were prepared and used to adsorb Cu2+ from water. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, dynamic adsorption experiment, and reusability were discussed. The experimental data showed that the Langmuir isotherm model, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm model, and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model can well represent the adsorption of Cu2+ on the membrane, indicating an ion exchange mechanism, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 111.25 mg·g−1. Repeatability experiments show that the sandwich film still has good adsorption performance after five times of adsorption and desorption. The as-prepared membrane showed considerable separation performance in removing Cu2+ from aspirin solution, providing a feasible method to remove heavy metals from drugs.
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Velasquez Morales S, Allgeier AM. Kinetics and Pathway Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of a Homogeneous PNP-Iron-Catalyzed Nitrile Hydrogenation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:114-122. [PMID: 36542607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile hydrogenation via the in situ-generated PNP-FeII(H)2CO (1) catalyst leads to a previously inexplicable loss of mass balance. Reaction kinetics, reaction progress analysis, in situ pressure nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction analyses reveal a mechanism comprising reversible imine self-condensation and amine-imine condensation cascades that yield >95% primary amine. Imine self-condensation has never been reported in a nitrile hydrogenation mechanism. The reaction is first order in catalyst and hydrogen and zero order in benzonitrile when using 2-propanol as the solvent. Variable-temperature analysis revealed values for ΔG298 K⧧ (79.6 ± 26.8 kJ mol-1), ΔH⧧ (90.7 ± 9.7 kJ mol-1), and ΔS⧧ (37 ± 28 J mol-1 K-1), consistent with a solvent-mediated proton-shuttled dissociative transition state. This work provides a basis for future catalyst optimization and essential data for the design of continuous reactors with earth-abundant catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Velasquez Morales
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas66045, United States.,Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis (CEBC), University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, LSRL Building A, Suite 110, Lawrence, Kansas66047, United States.,Institute for Sustainable Engineering (ISE), University of Kansas, 1536 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas66045, United States
| | - Alan M Allgeier
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas66045, United States.,Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis (CEBC), University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, LSRL Building A, Suite 110, Lawrence, Kansas66047, United States.,Institute for Sustainable Engineering (ISE), University of Kansas, 1536 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas66045, United States
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Determination of elemental impurities Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, V, Ni, Pd, Ru, Ag, Pt, Mo, Al, and Fe in highly potent analgesic activity agent by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES). CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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An overview of sample preparation procedures for determination of elemental impurities in medicines. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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6
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Development of Green Methods for the Determination of Elemental Impurities in Commercial Pharmaceutical Tablets. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two methods based on the use of diluted acids were developed: microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD) and microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion (MAWD-UV). These methods are evaluated for the digestion of oral pharmaceutical drugs and further determination of elemental impurities from classes 1 (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) and 2A (Co, Ni and V) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Commercial drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are used. No prior comminution is performed. For MAWD, the optimized conditions were 2 mol L−1 or 3 mol L−1 HNO3, 1 mL of 50% H2O2 and a 45 min or 55 min irradiation program. For MAWD-UV, the condition using 1 mol L−1 HNO3, 1.6 mL of 50% H2O2 and a 55 min irradiation program enabled the digestion of all samples. In this way, efficient methods are proposed for the digestion of commercial pharmaceutical tablets for further determination of class 1 and 2A elemental impurities (ICH Q3D guidelines).
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Chemical, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Assessment of Honey Bee Venom from Apis mellifera intermissa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121514. [PMID: 34943726 PMCID: PMC8698958 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom from Apis mellifera intermissa, the main honey bee prevailing in Morocco, has been scarcely studied, despite its known potential for pharmacological applications. In the present work, we investigated the composition, the anti-inflammatory activity, and the venom’s cytotoxic properties from fifteen honey bee venom (HBV) samples collected in three regions: northeast, central, and southern Morocco. The chemical assessment of honey bee venom was performed using LC-DAD/ESI/MSn, NIR spectroscopy and AAS spectroscopy. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated using human tumor cell lines, including breast adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Likewise, we assessed the anti-inflammatory activity using the murine macrophage cell line. The study provides information on the honey bee venom subspecies’ main components, such as melittin, apamin, and phospholipase A2, with compositional variation depending on the region of collection. Contents of toxic elements such as cadmium, chromium, and plumb were detected at a concentration below 5 ppm, which can be regarded as safe for pharmaceutical use. The data presented contribute to the first study in HBV from Apis mellifera intermissa and highlight the remarkable antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of HBV, suggesting it to be a candidate natural medicine to explore.
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Kushwaha P. Metallic Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: An Overview. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200711151147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Backgroun:Metallic impurities are the traces of metals that can be found in finished drug products.
Description:These metallic impurities in pharmaceutical preparations can enter from formulation ingredients,
catalysts, and process equipment, containers and closures. They are not completely removed
from the product by practical manufacturing techniques and should be evaluated relative to safetybased
limits. They can affect drug efficacy or produce direct toxic effect on the patient.
Methods:In this paper, an attempt has been made to review these metallic impurities including potential
sources and analytical procedures to quantify these impurities. ICH guideline on these impurities
and measures to control impurities has also been discussed in the paper.
Results:The implementation of ICH Q3D guideline with the quality risk assessment approach is an
important milestone to harmonize control of elements worldwide.
Conclusion:This approach allows manufacturers to provide vital information about the contribution of
impurities in the drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kushwaha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow-226026,India
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de Aragão Tannus C, de Souza Dias F, Santana FB, Dos Santos DCMB, Magalhães HIF, de Souza Dias F, de Freitas Santos Júnior A. Multielement Determination in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines Containing Cynara scolymus L., Harpagophytum procumbens D.C., and Maytenus ilifolia (Mart.) ex Reiss from Brazil Using ICP OES. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2330-2341. [PMID: 32789646 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, medicinal plants and herbal medicines are widely consumed. The aim of this study was to determine macro- (Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P) and microelements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, V, and Zn) in medicinal plants and herbal medicines: "globe artichoke" - Cynara scolymus L., "devil's claw" - Harpagophytum procumbens D.C., and "espinheira santa" - Maytenus ilifolia (Mart) ex Reiss. Concentrations of 24 (essential and toxic potentially) elements in samples from Brazil were determined using a sequential optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after acid digestion, assisted by microwave radiation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to carry out an exploratory analysis of samples. The elements were quantified (in μg/g): Al (20.24-1261.64), Ba (18.90-63.18), Ca (2877.6-19,957.40), Cr (0.28-1.38), Cu (4.16-21.99), Fe (8.54-627.49), K (1786.12-32,297.19), Mg (505.82-6174.52), Mn (0.40-205.64), Na (1717.23-18,596.45), Ni (< LoQ-0.99), P (35.12-2899.91), Se (1.52-3.71), Sn (1.53-12.43), Sr (52.33-84.31), V (< LoQ-0.24), and Zn (2.60-30.56). As, Cd, Co, Mo, Pb, and Sb, in all the investigated samples, were found to be below the limit of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) values of ICP OES. These medicinal plants and herbal medicines can be sources of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn. All samples showed considerable levels of Al. PCA and HCA showed that the samples separated into two large groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda de Souza Dias
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 41195-001, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fábio de Souza Dias
- Science, Technology and Innovation Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Camaçari, Bahia, 42809-000, Brazil
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Chawla RK, Panda S, Umasankar K, Panda SP, Damayanthi D. Risk Assessment, Screening and Control of Elemental Impurities in Pharmaceutical Drug Products: A Review. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190314144134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article describes and reviews the steps involved in risk assessment of the twenty-four (24) potential
elemental impurities in pharmaceutical drug products, as per the permitted daily exposure limits. Screening
and estimation of prescribed elemental impurities in pharmaceutical drug substances, inactive excipients
and drug products by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry and their controls involved are also reviewed, as referred in the general chapters <232>
& <233> of the United States Pharmacopoeia, Q3D guideline for elemental impurities as per international conference
on harmonization and q3d elemental impurities: guidance for industry as per U. S., Food and Drug Administration
USFDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chawla
- K.L. College of Pharmacy, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Subhranshu Panda
- K.L. College of Pharmacy, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Kulandaivelu Umasankar
- K.L. College of Pharmacy, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Siva Prasad Panda
- K.L. College of Pharmacy, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Dalu Damayanthi
- K.L. College of Pharmacy, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
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11
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Li Y, Ou X, Guo Z, Zong M, Lou W. Using multiple site-directed modification of epoxide hydrolase to significantly improve its enantioselectivity in hydrolysis of rac-glycidyl phenyl ether. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Maithani M, Raturi R, Sharma P, Gupta V, Bansal P. Elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products adding fuel to the fire. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104435. [PMID: 31376414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceuticals may generate impurities at various stages of development, transportation and storage which make them risky to be administered. Thus, it is essential that these impurities must be detected and quantified. However, their presence as impurities in finished products is virtually unavoidable, even under GMP conditions. Control of elemental impurities in pharmaceutical materials is currently undergoing a transition from control based on concentrations in components of drug products to control based on permitted daily exposures in drug products. Within the pharmaceutical community, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of these changes on manufactures of drug products. This uncertainty is fueled due to lack of publicly available information on elemental impurity levels in common pharmaceutical excipients. The present compilation gives an account of updated information about elemental impurities and reviews the regulatory aspects for such impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients/drug formulations. In addition, the aim of this article is to review and discuss the currently used quantitative analytical method, which is used for quality control of elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maithani
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - R Raturi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - P Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - V Gupta
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - P Bansal
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India.
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Romolo FS, Salvini A, Zelaschi F, Oddone M, Odoardi S, Mestria S, Strano Rossi S. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) characterisation of sildenafil based products seized on the Italian illegal market. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2019; 1:126-136. [PMID: 32411964 PMCID: PMC7221474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The commerce of illegal and counterfeit medicinal products on internet is a serious criminal problem. Drugs for erectile dysfunction such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor are the most commonly counterfeited medicines in Europe. The search of possible toxic chemical substances in seized products is needed. Moreover, the profiling of the material can be the source of relevant forensic information. For the first time a combined approach based on liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is proposed and tested, allowing characterisation of both authentic and illegal pharmaceuticals containing sildenafil seized in Italy. LC-HRMS allowed the detection and identification of unknown impurities not reported on labels in illegal products and the quantitation of the sildenafil. INAA showed to be suitable to provide both qualitative and quantitative information for forensic purposes on 23 elements, allowing discrimination between legal and illegal products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Salvini
- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy, University of Pavia, Italy
- Radiochemistry Area – Chemistry Department, Università di Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Zelaschi
- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy, University of Pavia, Italy
- Radiochemistry Area – Chemistry Department, Università di Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Oddone
- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy, University of Pavia, Italy
- Radiochemistry Area – Chemistry Department, Università di Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Odoardi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
| | - Serena Mestria
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
| | - Sabina Strano Rossi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS Roma - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
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Zaguirre M, Ariño C, Serrano N, Díaz‐Cruz JM, Esteban M. Screen‐printed Electrodes for the Determination of Iridium in Drugs. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Zaguirre
- Departament of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry.University of Barcelona. Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E- 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Ariño
- Departament of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry.University of Barcelona. Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E- 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Núria Serrano
- Departament of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry.University of Barcelona. Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E- 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - José Manuel Díaz‐Cruz
- Departament of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry.University of Barcelona. Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E- 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Esteban
- Departament of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry.University of Barcelona. Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E- 08028 Barcelona Spain
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Klencsár B, Li S, Balcaen L, Vanhaecke F. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma – Mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for quantitative metabolite profiling of non-metal drugs. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Althoff AG, Williams CB, McSweeney T, Gonçalves DA, Donati GL. Microwave-Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (MIP OES) and Standard Dilution Analysis to Determine Trace Elements in Pharmaceutical Samples. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2692-2698. [PMID: 28675311 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817721750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluate the application of microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) to determine of Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in children's cough syrup, eye drops, and oral antiseptic using standard dilution analysis (SDA). The SDA method is simple, with only two calibration solutions prepared per sample. The first solution (S1), composed of 50% sample +50% of a standard solution, is introduced into the plasma and the analytical signals are monitored in a time-resolved fashion. Then, the second solution (S2), composed of 50% sample +50% blank, is poured into the vial containing S1. As the solutions mix, the analytical signals gradually drop to a stable baseline. The calibration curve is computed by plotting the ratio of the analyte signal (SA) over the internal standard signal (which is also part of S1) (SIS) on the y-axis, versus the inverse of the IS concentration on the x-axis (i.e., SA/SIS versus 1/CIS). In this study, SDA results were compared with values obtained with the traditional methods of external calibration (EC), internal standardization (IS), and standard additions (SA) in MIP OES determinations. The precision (represented as percent RSD) for SDA showed values in the range of 2.50-8.00% for all samples, while conventional calibration methods showed RSDs in the range of 6.40-32.50% for EC, 8.30-21.80% for IS, and 5.20-17.40% for SA. The LODs calculated for SDA are below the maximum limits allowed by the major pharmaceutical regulatory agencies, and presents superior precision and accuracy compared to the traditional calibration methods. Considering its simplicity and efficiency, SDA is an important new tool for accurate analyses of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Althoff
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Charles B Williams
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Gonçalves
- 3 Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - George L Donati
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Salunkhe MN, Gite SD, Kachave RN. Recent trends in impurity profiling and forced degradation of antihypertensive drugs. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1373670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha N. Salunkhe
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Snehal D. Gite
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramanlal N. Kachave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
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Barrera EG, Bazanella D, Castro PW, Boschetti W, Vale MG, Dessuy MB. Alternative method for chromium determination in pharmaceutical drugs by HR-CS GF AAS and direct analysis of solid samples. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Determination of elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products and related matrices by ICP-based methods: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4547-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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