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Li CW, Osman R, Menconi F, Hou H, Schechter C, Kozhakhmetova A, Tomer Y. Effective Inhibition of Thyroid Antigen Presentation Using Retro-Inverso Peptides in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Pathway Toward Immune Therapies of Thyroid Autoimmunity. Thyroid 2023; 33:492-500. [PMID: 36762945 PMCID: PMC10325802 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) represent the most common autoimmune diseases. However, current therapies focus on relieving the symptoms instead of curing AITD, and new therapies to reverse the autoimmune attack on the thyroid are needed. HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 is the key HLA class II allele that triggers AITD by presenting pathogenic thyroglobulin (Tg) peptides that activate thyroid self-reactive T cells. We hypothesized that blocking the presentation of Tg peptides to T cells within the HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 peptide binding cleft could reverse the autoimmune response to the thyroid in AITD. Methods: The approach we used to block Tg peptide presentation within HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 is to design retro-inverso D-amino acid (RID) peptides that have high affinity to the HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 peptide binding pocket. Results: By using computational approaches and molecular dynamics simulations, we designed two RID peptides, RT-15 and VT-15, that blocked peptide binding to recombinant HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 molecule, as well as T cell activation in vitro. Furthermore, RT-15 and VT-15 blocked in vivo T cell activation by thyroglobulin in humanized NOD-DR3 mice induced with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Conclusions: In summary, we discovered two RID peptides that block thyroglobulin peptide binding to HLA-DRβ1-Arg74 and their presentation to T cells in AITD. These findings set the stage for a personalized medicine therapeutic approach for AITD patients who carry the DRβ1-Arg74 allele. This antigen-specific therapeutic strategy can potentially be extended to other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Wun Li
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Roman Osman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Menconi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hanxi Hou
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Clyde Schechter
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Aizhan Kozhakhmetova
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yaron Tomer
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Kass B, Schemmert S, Zafiu C, Pils M, Bannach O, Kutzsche J, Bujnicki T, Willbold D. Aβ oligomer concentration in mouse and human brain and its drug-induced reduction ex vivo. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100630. [PMID: 35584626 PMCID: PMC9133466 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers is a promising strategy for therapeutic drug development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD mouse models that develop Aβ pathology have been used to demonstrate in vivo efficacy of compounds that later failed in clinical development. Here, we analyze the concentration and size distribution of Aβ oligomers in different transgenic mouse models of AD and in human brain samples by surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA), a highly sensitive method for detecting and quantitating protein aggregates. We demonstrate dose- and time-dependent oligomer elimination by the compound RD2 in mouse and human AD brain homogenates as sources of native Aβ oligomers. Such ex vivo target engagement analyses with mouse- and human-brain-derived oligomers have the potential to enhance the translational value from pre-clinical proof-of-concept studies to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kass
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Sarah Schemmert
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany; attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Marlene Pils
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Oliver Bannach
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Tuyen Bujnicki
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany; Priavoid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
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Kondo K, Ikura T, Tanaka H, Fujita K, Takayama S, Yoshioka Y, Tagawa K, Homma H, Liu S, Kawasaki R, Huang Y, Ito N, Tate SI, Okazawa H. Hepta-Histidine Inhibits Tau Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3015-3027. [PMID: 34319089 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau aggregation is a central hallmark of tauopathies such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy as well as of Alzheimer's disease, and it has been a target for therapeutic development. Herein, we unexpectedly found that hepta-histidine (7H), an inhibitor of the interaction between Ku70 and Huntingtin proteins, suppresses aggregation of Tau-R3 peptides in vitro. Addition of the trans-activator of transcription (TAT) sequence (YGRKKRRQRRR) derived from the TAT protein to 7H increased its permeability into cells, and TAT-7H treatment of iPS cell-derived neurons carrying Tau or APP mutations suppressed Tau phosphorylation. These results indicate that 7H is a promising lead compound for developing anti-aggregation drugs against Tau-related neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanoh Kondo
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Teikichi Ikura
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikari Tanaka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sumire Takayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshioka
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Homma
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School for Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawasaki
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School for Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Tate
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School for Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacies of the Linear and the Cyclic Version of an All-d-Enantiomeric Peptide Developed for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126553. [PMID: 34207233 PMCID: PMC8234218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sources of evidence suggest that soluble amyloid β (Aβ)-oligomers are responsible for the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to specifically eliminate these toxic Aβ-oligomers, our group has developed a variety of all-d-peptides over the past years. One of them, RD2, has been intensively studied and showed such convincing in vitro and in vivo properties that it is currently in clinical trials. In order to further optimize the compounds and to elucidate the characteristics of therapeutic d-peptides, several rational drug design approaches have been performed. Two of these d-peptides are the linear tandem (head-to-tail) d-peptide RD2D3 and its cyclized form cRD2D3. Tandemization and cyclization should result in an increased in vitro potency and increase pharmacokinetic properties, especially crossing the blood–brain-barrier. In comparison, cRD2D3 showed a superior pharmacokinetic profile to RD2D3. This fact suggests that higher efficacy can be achieved in vivo at equally administered concentrations. To prove this hypothesis, we first established the in vitro profile of both d-peptides here. Subsequently, we performed an intraperitoneal treatment study. This study failed to provide evidence that cRD2D3 is superior to RD2D3 in vivo as in some tests cRD2D3 failed to show equal or higher efficacy.
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Tohda C, Kogure C, Nomoto K, de Toledo A, Yang X, Hirano E. A Novel Heptapeptide, GPPGPAG Transfers to the Brain, and Ameliorates Memory Dysfunction and Dendritic Atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680652. [PMID: 34054554 PMCID: PMC8160438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a heptapeptide, GPPGPAG, on memory improvement and neuritic regeneration in Alzheimer’s disease models to evaluate its potency as a new anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy. The anti-AD effects of GPPGPAG were evaluated in Aβ-treated cortical neurons and 5XFAD, a mouse model of AD. Exposure of cortical neurons to Aβ25-35 for 3 days resulted in atrophy of axons and dendrites. Treatment with GPPGPAG improved the dendritic atrophy of Aβ-treated cortical neurons, but not axonal atrophy. Postsynaptic and presynaptic densities under Aβ1-42 exposure were increased by GPPGPAG post treatment. Oral administration of GPPGPAG to 5XFAD mice for 15 days improved significantly object recognition memory and dendritic density. Direct infusion of GPPGPAG into the lateral ventricle of 5XFAD mice for 28 days improved object recognition memory. Following oral administration of GPPGPAG in mice, the undigested heptapeptide was detected in the plasma and cerebral cortex. Analysis of target protein of GPPGPAG in neurons by DARTS method identified 14-3-3ε as a bound protein. The protective effect of GPPGPAG on Aβ1-42-induced dendritic atrophy was canceled by knockdown of 14-3-3ε. Taken together, these results suggest that GPPGPAG is orally available, transfers to the brain, and ameliorates memory dysfunction in AD brain, which is possibly mediated by 14-3-3ε-related dendritic restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tohda
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chisato Kogure
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kaori Nomoto
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Research Institute Japan Bio Products Co., Ltd., Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Ximeng Yang
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Division of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hirano
- Research Institute Japan Bio Products Co., Ltd., Kurume, Japan
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Post J, Kogel V, Schaffrath A, Lohmann P, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Willbold D, Willuweit A, Kutzsche J. A Novel Anti-Inflammatory d-Peptide Inhibits Disease Phenotype Progression in an ALS Mouse Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061590. [PMID: 33805709 PMCID: PMC7999518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by selective neuronal death in the brain stem and spinal cord. The cause is unknown, but an increasing amount of evidence has firmly certified that neuroinflammation plays a key role in ALS pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders and has been implicated as driver of disease progression. Here, we describe a treatment study demonstrating the therapeutic potential of a tandem version of the well-known all-d-peptide RD2 (RD2RD2) in a transgenic mouse model of ALS (SOD1*G93A). Mice were treated intraperitoneally for four weeks with RD2RD2 vs. placebo. SOD1*G93A mice were tested longitudinally during treatment in various behavioural and motor coordination tests. Brain and spinal cord samples were investigated immunohistochemically for gliosis and neurodegeneration. RD2RD2 treatment in SOD1*G93A mice resulted not only in a reduction of activated astrocytes and microglia in both the brain stem and lumbar spinal cord, but also in a rescue of neurons in the motor cortex. RD2RD2 treatment was able to slow progression of the disease phenotype, especially the motor deficits, to an extent that during the four weeks treatment duration, no significant progression was observed in any of the motor experiments. Based on the presented results, we conclude that RD2RD2 is a potential therapeutic candidate against ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Post
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (V.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Vanessa Kogel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (V.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Anja Schaffrath
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (V.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Philipp Lohmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (P.L.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (P.L.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Brain-Translational Medicine, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (P.L.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (V.K.); (A.S.)
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (A.W.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-2461-619496 (J.K.)
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (P.L.); (N.J.S.); (K.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (A.W.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-2461-619496 (J.K.)
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, IBI-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (J.P.); (V.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (A.W.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-2461-619496 (J.K.)
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7
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Kirk RD, Picard K, Christian JA, Johnson SL, DeBoef B, Bertin MJ. Unnarmicin D, an Anti-inflammatory Cyanobacterial Metabolite with δ and μ Opioid Binding Activity Discovered via a Pipeline Approach Designed to Target Neurotherapeutics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4478-4488. [PMID: 33284578 PMCID: PMC7811748 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat the bottlenecks in drug discovery and development, a pipeline to identify neuropharmacological candidates using in silico, in vitro, and receptor specific assays was devised. The focus of this pipeline was to identify metabolites with the ability to reduce neuroinflammation, due to the implications that chronic neuroinflammation has in chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases. A library of pure compounds isolated from the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium thiebautii was evaluated using this method. In silico analysis of drug likelihood and in vitro permeability analysis using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) highlighted multiple metabolites of interest from the library. Murine BV-2 microglia were used in conjunction with the Griess assay to determine if metabolites could reduce lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation followed by analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the supernatant of the treated cell cultures. The nontoxic metabolite unnarmicin D was further evaluated due to its moderate permeability in the PAMPA assay, promising ADME data, modulation of all cytokines tested, and prediction as an opioid receptor ligand. Molecular modeling of unnarmicin D to the μ and δ opioid receptors showed strong theoretical binding potential to the μ opioid receptor. In vitro binding assays validated this pipeline showing low micromolar binding affinity for the μ opioid receptor launching the potential for further analysis of unnarmicin D derivatives for the treatment of pain and neuroinflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D. Kirk
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Kassie Picard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Joseph A. Christian
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Shelby L. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bertin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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Li Y, Cao X, Tian C, Zheng JS. Chemical protein synthesis-assisted high-throughput screening strategies for d-peptides in drug discovery. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tissue distribution of intravenously administrated poly-arginine peptide R18D in healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: R18D is a poly-arginine peptide that has demonstrated neuroprotection in preclinical models of excitotoxicity, stroke, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injury. Here, we examined the peptide’s uptake in serum. Materials & methods: Healthy, male Sprague–Dawley rats were intravenously administered either 1000 nmol/kg R18D (D-enantiomer of R18) or approximately 2.5 nmol/kg (36 ± 9 MBq) [18F]R18D, for serum and organ tissue uptake, respectively. Serum samples underwent mass spectrometric analysis to detect unbound R18D peptide. Animals administered [18F]R18D were subjected to positron emission tomography imaging. Results & conclusion: Free R18D was detected at 5 min post-infusion in serum samples. [18F]R18D was rapidly distributed to the kidney (6–7%ID/g), and a small fraction localized to the brain (0.115–0.123%ID/g) over a 60-min acquisition period.
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Schartmann E, Schemmert S, Niemietz N, Honold D, Ziehm T, Tusche M, Elfgen A, Gering I, Brener O, Shah NJ, Langen KJ, Kutzsche J, Willbold D, Willuweit A. In Vitro Potency and Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Comparison of All-D-Enantiomeric Peptides Developed for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:859-873. [PMID: 29966196 PMCID: PMC6218115 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diffusible amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are currently presumed to be the most cytotoxic Aβ assembly and held responsible to trigger the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, Aβ oligomers are a prominent target in AD drug development. Previously, we reported on our solely D-enantiomeric peptide D3 and its derivatives as AD drug candidates. Here, we compare one of the most promising D3 derivatives, ANK6, with its tandem version (tANK6), and its head-to-tail cyclized isoform (cANK6r). In vitro tests investigating the D-peptides’ potencies to inhibit Aβ aggregation, eliminate Aβ oligomers, and reduce Aβ-induced cytotoxicity revealed that all three D-peptides efficiently target Aβ. Subsequent preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of the three all-D-peptides in wildtype mice showed promising blood-brain barrier permeability with cANK6r yielding the highest levels in brain. The peptides’ potencies to lower Aβ toxicity and their remarkable brain/plasma ratios make them promising AD drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schartmann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schemmert
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicole Niemietz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominik Honold
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tamar Ziehm
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Tusche
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anne Elfgen
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian Gering
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Brener
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadim Joni Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, JARA, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence to: Antje Willuweit, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Tel.: +49 2461 6196358; E-mail: and Dieter Willbold, Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Tel.: +49 2461 612100; E-mail:
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence to: Antje Willuweit, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Tel.: +49 2461 6196358; E-mail: and Dieter Willbold, Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Tel.: +49 2461 612100; E-mail:
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MacDougall G, Anderton RS, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP. Mitochondria and neuroprotection in stroke: Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) as a novel class of mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective therapeutics. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 121:17-33. [PMID: 30218759 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and represents a major cause of devastating long-term disability. Despite sustained efforts to develop clinically effective neuroprotective therapies, presently there is no clinically available neuroprotective agent for stroke. As a central mediator of neurodamaging events in stroke, mitochondria are recognised as a critical neuroprotective target, and as such, provide a focus for developing mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics. In recent years, cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) have been identified as a novel class of neuroprotective agent with several demonstrated mechanisms of action, including their ability to target mitochondria and exert positive effects on the organelle. This review provides an overview on neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction in ischaemic stroke pathophysiology and highlights the potential beneficial effects of CARPs on mitochondria in the ischaemic brain following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella MacDougall
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; School of Heath Sciences, and Institute for Health Research, The University Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Neville W Knuckey
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruno P Meloni
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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