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Diederichsen ACP, Mejldal A, Søgaard R, Hallas J, Lambrechtsen J, Steffensen FH, Frost L, Egstrup K, Busk M, Urbonaviciene G, Karon M, Rasmussen LM, Lindholt JS. User-defined outcomes of the Danish cardiovascular screening (DANCAVAS) trial: A post hoc analyses of a population-based, randomised controlled trial. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004403. [PMID: 38739644 PMCID: PMC11132442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Danish cardiovascular screening (DANCAVAS) trial, a nationwide trial designed to investigate the impact of cardiovascular screening in men, did not decrease all-cause mortality, an outcome decided by the investigators. However, the target group may have varied preferences. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether men aged 65 to 74 years requested a CT-based cardiovascular screening examination and to assess its impact on outcomes determined by their preferences. METHODS AND FINDINGS This is a post hoc study of the randomised DANCAVAS trial. All men 65 to 74 years of age residing in specific areas of Denmark were randomised (1:2) to invitation-to-screening (16,736 men, of which 10,471 underwent screening) or usual-care (29,790 men). The examination included among others a non-contrast CT scan (to assess the coronary artery calcium score and aortic aneurysms). Positive findings prompted preventive treatment with atorvastatin, aspirin, and surveillance/surgical evaluation. The usual-care group remained unaware of the trial and the assignments. The user-defined outcome was based on patient preferences and determined through a survey sent in January 2023 to a random sample of 9,095 men from the target group, with a 68.0% response rate (6,182 respondents). Safety outcomes included severe bleeding and mortality within 30 days after cardiovascular surgery. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-screen basis. Prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction was the primary motivation for participating in the screening examination. After a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 1,800 of 16,736 men (10.8%) in the invited-to-screening group and 3,420 of 29,790 (11.5%) in the usual-care group experienced an event (hazard ratio (HR), 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88 to 0.98; p = 0.010); number needed to invite at 6 years, 148 (95% CI, 80 to 986)). A total of 324 men (1.9%) in the invited-to-screening group and 491 (1.7%) in the usual-care group had an intracranial bleeding (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.35; p = 0.029). Additionally, 994 (5.9%) in the invited-to-screening group and 1,722 (5.8%) in the usual-care group experienced severe gastrointestinal bleeding (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.11; p = 0.583). No differences were found in mortality after cardiovascular surgery. The primary limitation of the study is that exclusive enrolment of men aged 65 to 74 renders the findings non-generalisable to women or men of other age groups. CONCLUSION In this comprehensive population-based cardiovascular screening and intervention program, we observed a reduction in the user-defined outcome, stroke and myocardial infarction, but entail a small increased risk of intracranial bleeding. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN12157806 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12157806.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Mejldal
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Søgaard
- Elite Research Centre for Individualised Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Egstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Svendborg Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Busk
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Marek Karon
- Department of Medicine, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Hadzikadunic H, Sjælland TB, Lindholt JS, Steffensen LB, Beck HC, Kavaliunaite E, Rasmussen LM, Stubbe J. Nicotine Administration Augments Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051417. [PMID: 37239088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and elastin degradation are key hallmarks in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). It has been acknowledged that activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) attenuates inflammation, termed the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Thus, we hypothesize that low-dose nicotine impairs the progression of elastase-induced AAAs in rats by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical AAA induction with intraluminal elastase infusion. We compared vehicle rats with rats treated with nicotine (1.25 mg/kg/day), and aneurysm progression was monitored by weekly ultrasound images for 28 days. Nicotine treatment significantly promoted AAA progression (p = 0.031). Additionally, gelatin zymography demonstrated that nicotine significantly reduced pro-matrix metalloproteinase (pro-MMP) 2 (p = 0.029) and MMP9 (p = 0.030) activity in aneurysmal tissue. No significant difference was found in the elastin content or the score of elastin degradation between the groups. Neither infiltrating neutrophils nor macrophages, nor aneurysmal messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, differed between the vehicle and nicotine groups. Finally, no difference in mRNA levels of markers for anti-oxidative stress or the vascular smooth muscle cells' contractile phenotype was observed. However, proteomics analyses of non-aneurysmal abdominal aortas revealed that nicotine decreased myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate and proteins, in ontology terms, inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species, and in contradiction to augmented AAAs. In conclusion, nicotine at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg/day augments AAA expansion in this elastase AAA model. These results do not support the use of low-dose nicotine administration for the prevention of AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hadzikadunic
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tea Bøvling Sjælland
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lasse Bach Steffensen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Egle Kavaliunaite
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jane Stubbe
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Søgaard R, Diederichsen A, Lindholt J. Incidental detection in the DANCAVAS trial was limited by design and did not bias the cost effectiveness conclusion. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:70. [PMID: 36370030 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lindholt JS, Søgaard R, Rasmussen LM, Mejldal A, Lambrechtsen J, Steffensen FH, Frost L, Egstrup K, Urbonaviciene G, Busk M, Diederichsen ACP. Five-Year Outcomes of the Danish Cardiovascular Screening (DANCAVAS) Trial. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1385-1394. [PMID: 36027560 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2208681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data suggest a benefit of population-based screening for cardiovascular disease with respect to the risk of death. METHODS We performed a population-based, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial involving men 65 to 74 years of age living in 15 Danish municipalities. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to undergo screening (the invited group) or not to undergo screening (the control group) for subclinical cardiovascular disease. Randomization was based on computer-generated random numbers and stratified according to municipality. Only the control group was unaware of the trial-group assignments. Screening included noncontrast electrocardiography-gated computed tomography to determine the coronary-artery calcium score and to detect aneurysms and atrial fibrillation, ankle-brachial blood-pressure measurements to detect peripheral artery disease and hypertension, and a blood sample to detect diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. The primary outcome was death from any cause. RESULTS A total of 46,611 participants underwent randomization. After exclusion of 85 men who had died or emigrated before being invited to undergo screening, there were 16,736 men in the invited group and 29,790 men in the control group; 10,471 of the men in the invited group underwent screening (62.6%). In intention-to-treat analyses, after a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 2106 men (12.6%) in the invited group and 3915 men (13.1%) in the control group had died (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 1.00; P = 0.06). The hazard ratio for stroke in the invited group, as compared with the control group, was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.86 to 0.99); for myocardial infarction, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.81 to 1.03); for aortic dissection, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.49); and for aortic rupture, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.49 to 1.35). There were no significant between-group differences in safety outcomes. CONCLUSIONS After more than 5 years, the invitation to undergo comprehensive cardiovascular screening did not significantly reduce the incidence of death from any cause among men 65 to 74 years of age. (Funded by the Southern Region of Denmark and others; DANCAVAS ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN12157806.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes S Lindholt
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Rikke Søgaard
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Lars M Rasmussen
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Anne Mejldal
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Flemming H Steffensen
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Lars Frost
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Kenneth Egstrup
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Grazina Urbonaviciene
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Martin Busk
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
| | - Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen
- From the Departments of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L., R.S.), Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (L.M.R.), and Cardiology (A.C.P.D.), Elite Research Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, and the Open Patient Data Explorative Network (A.M.), Odense University Hospital, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark (R.S.), Odense, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg (J.L., K.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle (F.H.S., M.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg (L.F., G.U.) - all in Denmark
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Fredgart MH, Lindholt JS, Brandes A, Steffensen FH, Frost L, Lambrechtsen J, Karon M, Busk M, Urbonaviciene G, Egstrup K, Khurrami L, Gerke O, Diederichsen ACP. Association of Left Atrial Size Measured by Non-Contrast Computed Tomography with Cardiovascular Risk Factors—The Danish Cardiovascular Screening Trial (DANCAVAS). Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020244. [PMID: 35204336 PMCID: PMC8871467 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Left atrium (LA) size is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of LA enlargement measured by non-contrast CT (NCCT) with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Individuals aged 60–75 years from the population-based multicentre Danish Cardiovascular Screening (DANCAVAS) trial were included in this cross-sectional study. The LA was manually traced on the NCCT scans, and the largest cross-section area was indexed to body surface area. All traditional risk factors were recorded, and a subgroup received an echocardiographic examination. We enrolled 14,987 individuals. Participants with known cardiovascular disease or lacking measurements of LA size or body surface area were excluded, resulting in 10,902 men for the main analysis and 616 women for a sensitivity analysis. Adjusted multivariable analysis showed a significantly increased indexed LA size by increasing age and pulse pressure, while smoking, HbA1c, and total cholesterol were associated with decreased indexed LA size. The findings were confirmed in a supplementary analysis including left ventricle ejection fraction and mass. In this population-based cohort of elderly men, an association was found between age and pulse pressure and increasing LA size. Surprisingly, smoking, HbA1c, and total cholesterol were associated with a decrease in LA size. This indicates that the pathophysiology behind atrial cardiomyopathy is not only reflected by enlargement, but also shrinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maise Høigaard Fredgart
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.H.F.); (A.B.); (L.K.)
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence (CAVAC), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Brandes
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.H.F.); (A.B.); (L.K.)
| | | | - Lars Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; (L.F.); (G.U.)
| | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Svendborg Hospital, 5700 Svendborg, Denmark; (J.L.); (K.E.)
| | - Marek Karon
- Department of Medicine, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, 4800 Nykøbing Falster, Denmark;
| | - Martin Busk
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Lillebælt, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (F.H.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Grazina Urbonaviciene
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; (L.F.); (G.U.)
| | - Kenneth Egstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Svendborg Hospital, 5700 Svendborg, Denmark; (J.L.); (K.E.)
| | - Lida Khurrami
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.H.F.); (A.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.H.F.); (A.B.); (L.K.)
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Diederichsen A, Lindholt JS, Møller JE, Gerke O, Rasmussen LM, Dahl JS. Sex Differences in Factors Associated With Progression of Aortic Valve Calcification in the General Population. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e013165. [PMID: 34983195 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.013165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend measurement of the aortic valve calcification (AVC) score to help differentiate between severe and nonsevere aortic stenosis, but a paucity exists in data about AVC in the general population. The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of AVC progression in the general population and to identify potential sex differences in factors associated with this progression rate. METHODS Noncontrast cardiac computed tomography was performed in 1298 randomly selected women and men aged 65 to 74 years who participated in the DANCAVAS trial (Danish Cardiovascular Screening). Participants were invited to attend a reexamination after 4 years. The AVC score was measured at the computed tomography, and AVC progression (ΔAVC) was defined as the difference between AVC scores at baseline and follow-up. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ΔAVC. RESULTS Among the 1298 invited citizens, 823 accepted to participate in the follow-up examination. The mean age at follow-up was 73 years. Men had significantly higher AVC scores at baseline (median AVC score 13 Agatston Units [AU; interquartile range, 0-94 AU] versus 1 AU [interquartile range, 0-22 AU], P<0.001) and a higher ΔAVC (median 26 AU [interquartile range, 0-101 AU] versus 4 AU [interquartile range, 0-37 AU], P<0.001) than women. In the fully adjusted model, the most important factor associated with ΔAVC was the baseline AVC score. However, hypertension was associated with ΔAVC in women (incidence rate ratios, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.06-2.34], P=0.024) but not in men, whereas dyslipidemia was associated with ΔAVC in men (incidence rate ratio: 1.66 [95% CI, 1.18-2.34], P=0.004) but not in women. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the AVC score was the most important marker of AVC progression. However, sex differences were significant; hence, dyslipidemia was associated with AVC progression only among men; hypertension with AVC progression only among women. Registration: URL: https://www.isrctn.com; Unique identifier: ISRCTN12157806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology (A.D., J.E.M., J.S.D.), and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (J.S.L.), and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jacob Eifer Møller
- Department of Cardiology (A.D., J.E.M., J.S.D.), and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen, Denmark (J.E.M.)
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (O.G., L.M.R.), and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (O.G., L.M.R.), and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jordi S Dahl
- Department of Cardiology (A.D., J.E.M., J.S.D.), and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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Khurrami L, Møller JE, Lindholt JS, Dahl JS, Fredgart MH, Obel LM, Steffensen FH, Urbonaviciene G, Lambrechtsen J, Diederichsen ACP. Aortic valve calcification among elderly males from the general population, associated echocardiographic findings, and clinical implications. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:177-184. [PMID: 34491310 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aortic valve calcification (AVC) detected by non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) associates with morbidity and mortality in patients with aortic valve stenosis. However, the importance of AVC in the general population is sparsely evaluated. We intend to describe the associations between AVC score on NCCT and echocardiographic findings as left atrial (LA) dilatation, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, aortic valve area (AVA), peak velocity, mean gradient, and aortic valve replacement (AVR) in a population with AVC scores ≥300 AU. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 10 471 males aged 65-74 years from the Danish Cardiovascular Screening trial (DANCAVAS), participants with AVC score ≥300 AU were invited for transthoracic echocardiography and 828 (77%) of 1075 accepted the invitation. AVC scores were categorized (300-599, 600-799, 800-1199, and ≥1200 AU). AVR was obtained from registries. AVC was significantly associated with a steady increase in LA dilation (10.5%, 16.3%, 15.8%, 19.6%, P = 0.031), LV hypertrophy (3.9%, 6.6%, 8.9%, 10.1%, P = 0.021), peak velocity (1.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.8 m/s, P = 0001), mean gradient (6, 8, 11, 19 mmHg, P = 0.0001), and a decrease in AVA (2.0, 1.9, 1.7, 1.3 cm2, P = 0.0001). The area under the curve was 0.79, 0.93, and 0.92 for AVA ≤1.5 cm2, peak velocity ≥3.0 m/s, and mean gradient ≥20 mmHg, respectively, and the associated optimal AVC score thresholds were 734, 1081, and 1019 AU. AVC > 1200 AU was associated with AVR (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Among males from the background population, increasing AVC scores were associated with LA dilatation, LV hypertrophy, AVA, peak aortic velocity, mean aortic gradient, and AVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Khurrami
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Jacob Eifer Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Jordi Sancez Dahl
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Maise Hoeigaard Fredgart
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Lasse M Obel
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | | | - Grazina Urbonaviciene
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Falkevej 1A, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Baagøes Alle 31, 5700 Svendborg, Denmark
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8
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Duncan A, Maslen C, Gibson C, Hartshorne T, Farooqi A, Saratzis A, Bown MJ. Ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in high-risk women. Br J Surg 2021; 108:1192-1198. [PMID: 34370826 PMCID: PMC8545265 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Population-wide ultrasound screening programmes for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) for men have already been established in some countries. Women account for one third of aneurysm-related mortality and are four times more likely to experience an AAA rupture than men. Whole-population screening for AAA in women is unlikely to be clinically or economically effective. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of a targeted AAA screening programme for women at high risk of AAA. Method Women aged 65–74 years deemed at high risk of having an AAA (current smokers, ex-smokers, or with a history of coronary artery disease) were invited to attend ultrasound screening (July 2016 to March 2019) for AAA in the Female Aneurysm screening STudy (FAST). Primary outcomes were attendance for screening and prevalence of AAA. Biometric data, medical history, quality of life (QoL) and aortic diameter on ultrasound imaging were recorded prospectively. Results Some 6037 women were invited and 5200 attended screening (86.7 per cent). Fifteen AAAs larger than 29 mm were detected (prevalence 0.29 (95 per cent c.i. 0.18 to 0.48) per cent). Current smokers had the highest prevalence (0.83 (95 per cent c.i. 0.34 to 1.89) per cent) but lowest attendance (75.2 per cent). Three AAAs greater than 5.5 cm were identified and referred for consideration of surgical repair; one woman underwent repair. There was a significant reduction in patient-reported QoL scores following screening. Conclusion A low prevalence of AAA was detected in high-risk women, with lowest screening uptake in those at highest risk. Screening for AAA in high-risk women may not be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duncan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences & National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.,Leicester Vascular Institute, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - C Maslen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences & National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.,Leicester Vascular Institute, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - C Gibson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences & National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - T Hartshorne
- Leicester Vascular Institute, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - A Farooqi
- Leicester City Clinical Commissioning Group, Leicester, UK
| | - A Saratzis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences & National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.,Leicester Vascular Institute, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - M J Bown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences & National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.,Leicester Vascular Institute, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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9
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Obel LM, Diederichsen AC, Steffensen FH, Frost L, Lambrechtsen J, Busk M, Urbonaviciene G, Egstrup K, Karon M, Rasmussen LM, Gerke O, Bovling AS, Lindholt JS. Population-Based Risk Factors for Ascending, Arch, Descending, and Abdominal Aortic Dilations for 60-74-Year-Old Individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:201-211. [PMID: 34266574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic dilations (ectasias and aneurysms) may occur on any segment of the aorta. Pathogenesis varies between locations, suggesting that etiology and risk factors may differ. Despite this discrepancy, guidelines recommend screening of the whole aorta if 1 segmental dilation is discovered. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the most dominant predictors for dilations at the ascending, arch, descending, and abdominal part of the aorta, and to establish comprehensive risk factor profiles for each aortic segment. METHODS Individuals aged 60-74 years were randomly selected to participate in DANCAVAS I+II (Danish Cardiovascular Multicenter Screening Trials). Participants underwent cardiovascular risk assessments, including blood samples, blood pressure readings, medical records, and noncontrast computed tomography scans. Adjusted odds ratios for potential risk factors of dilations were estimated by multivariate logistic analyses. RESULTS The study population consisted of 14,989 participants (14,235 men, 754 women) with an average age of 68 ± 4 years. The highest adjusted odd ratios for having any aortic dilation were observed when coexisting aortic dilations were present. Other noteworthy predictors included coexisting iliac dilations, hypertension, increasing body surface area, male sex, familial disposition, and atrial fibrillation, which were present in various combinations for the different aortic parts. Smoking and acute myocardial infarction were inversely associated with ascending and abdominal dilations. Diabetes was a shared protective factor. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors differ for aortic dilations between locations. The most dominant predictor for having a dilation at any aortic segment is the presence of an aortic dilation elsewhere. This supports current guidelines when recommending a full screening of the aorta if a focal aortic dilation is discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse M Obel
- Elitary Research Centre CIMA, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Axel C Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre CIMA, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Busk
- Department of Cardiology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Grazina Urbonaviciene
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Egstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Marek Karon
- Department of Medicine, Nykoebing Falster Hospital, Nykoebing Falster, Denmark
| | - Lars M Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre CIMA, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders S Bovling
- Elitary Research Centre CIMA, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre CIMA, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Gerke O, Lindholt JS, Abdo BH, Lambrechtsen J, Frost L, Steffensen FH, Karon M, Egstrup K, Urbonaviciene G, Busk M, Mickley H, Diederichsen ACP. Prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcification in the middle-aged and elderly population. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:2048-2055. [PMID: 34179988 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Coronary artery calcification (CAC) measured on cardiac computed tomography (CT) is an important risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has been included in the prevention guidelines. The aim of this study was to describe CAC score reference values in the middle-aged and elderly population and to develop a freely available CAC calculator. METHODS AND RESULTS All participants from two population-based cardiac CT screening cohorts (DanRisk and DANCAVAS) were included. The CAC score was measured as a part of a screening session. Positive CAC scores were log-transformed and non-parametrically regressed on age for each gender, and percentile curves were transposed according to proportions of zero CAC scores. Men had higher CAC scores than women, and the prevalence and extend of CAC increased steadily with age. An online CAC calculator was developed, http://flscripts.dk/cacscore. After entering sex, age, and CAC score, the CAC score percentile and the coronary age are depicted including a figure with the specific CAC score and 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% percentiles. The specific CAC score can be compared to the entire background population or only those without prior CVD. CONCLUSION This study provides modern population-based reference values of CAC scores in men and woman and a freely accessible online CAC calculator. Physicians and patients are very familiar with blood pressure and lipids, but unfamiliar with CAC scores. Using the calculator makes it easy to see if a CAC value is low, moderate, or high, when a physician in the future communicate and discusses a CAC score with a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Barzan H Abdo
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Àlle 15 5700 Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Falkevej 1, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | - Marek Karon
- Department of Medicine, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Hospitalsvej, 4800 Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Egstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Svendborg Hospital, Baagøes Àlle 15 5700 Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Grazina Urbonaviciene
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Falkevej 1, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Busk
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Hans Mickley
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel C P Diederichsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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11
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Ballegaard CR, Pham MHC, Sigvardsen PE, Kühl JT, Sørgaard M, Taudorf M, Fuchs A, Nordestgaard BG, Køber LV, Kofoed KF. Aortic enlargement and coronary artery calcification in a general population cohort. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:855-862. [PMID: 34166489 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The role of atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of aortic enlargement is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the diameters of the ascending, descending and abdominal aorta, and coronary artery calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS Individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study underwent thoracic and abdominal computed tomography. Maximal aortic diameters were measured in each aortic segment and coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) were calculated. Participants were stratified into five predefined groups according to CACSs and compared to aortic dimensions. The relation between aortic diameter and CACS was adjusted for risk factors for aortic dilatation in a multivariable model. A total of 2678 eligible individuals were included. In all segments of the aorta, aortic diameter was associated to CACSs, with mean increases in aortic diameters ranging from 0.7 to 3.5 mm in individuals with calcified coronary arteries compared to non-calcified subjects (P-value < 0.001). After correction for risk factors, individuals with CACS above 400 had larger ascending, descending and abdominal aortic diameter than the non-calcified reference group (P-value < 0.01). CONCLUSION Enlarged thoracic and abdominal aortic vascular segments are associated with co-existing coronary artery calcification in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Ballegaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael H C Pham
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per E Sigvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Tobias Kühl
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Sørgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Taudorf
- Department of Radiology, The Diagnostic Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars V Køber
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus F Kofoed
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiology, The Diagnostic Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Zhang J, Johnsen SP, Guo Y, Lip GYH. Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation: Geographic/Ecological Risk Factors, Age, Sex, Genetics. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2021; 13:1-23. [PMID: 33516388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia globally. The global prevalence of atrial fibrillation is positively correlated with the sociodemographic index of different regions. Advancing age, male sex, and Caucasian race are risk factors; female sex is correlated with higher atrial fibrillation mortality worldwide likely owing to thromboembolic risk. African American ethnicity is associated with lower atrial fibrillation risk, same as Asian and Hispanic/Latino ethnicities compared with Caucasians. Atrial fibrillation may be heritable, and more than 100 genetic loci have been identified. A polygenic risk score and clinical risk factors are feasible and effective in risk stratification of incident disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqian Zhang
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
| | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, Aalborg, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Yutao Guo
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK; Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, Aalborg, Aalborg 9000, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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13
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Lambrechtsen J, Mayntz SK, Engdam KB, Egstrup K, Nielsen J, Steffensen FH, Frohn LM, Brandt J, Ketzel M, Pyndt Diederichsen AC, Lindholt JS. Relation between Accumulated Air Pollution Exposure and Sub-Clinical Cardiovascular Disease in 33,723 Danish 60-74-Year-Old Males from the Background Population (AIR-CARD): A Method Article. Cardiology 2020; 146:19-26. [PMID: 33238279 DOI: 10.1159/000511128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death and disability in the Western world, and there is increasing evidence that air pollution is a risk factor for developing sub-clinical cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have shown a correlation between cardiovascular disease and short-term exposure to elevated air pollution levels. However, the literature on the impact of long-term effect of air pollution is limited. We have a unique opportunity to evaluate this correlation. The DEHM/UBM/AirGIS model system calculates air pollution in a high temporal and spatial resolution and traces air pollution retrospectively to year 1979. The model calculates accumulated exposure using annual exposure from PM2.5 in relation to home and work addresses and takes into account working hours and holidays. We link the results from this model system to a population-based cardiovascular screening cohort of 33,723 individuals in the age of 60-74 to assess the contribution of the specific accumulated air pollution to the presence of sub-clinical arteriosclerosis in the coronary vessels, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. This correlation will be further analyzed in relation to specific air pollutants. This study will introduce more precise data for a longer period of time and incorporate participant's home and work addresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Lambrechtsen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital - Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark,
| | - Stephan Krog Mayntz
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital - Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark
| | | | - Kenneth Egstrup
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital - Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Jan Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Lise M Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery T, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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14
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Individual, expected diameters of the ascending aorta and prevalence of dilations in a study-population aged 60–74 years: a DANCAVAS substudy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:971-980. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Weir-McCall JR, Branch K, Ferencik M, Blankstein R, Choi AD, Ghoshhajra BB, Chinnaiyan K, Parwani P, Nicol E, Nieman K. Highlights of the 15th annual scientific meeting of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020; 14:466-470. [PMID: 33028509 PMCID: PMC7528907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 15th Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) annual scientific meeting (ASM) welcomed 770 digital attendees from 44 countries, over 2 days, with a program that included 30 sessions across three simultaneously streaming channels, 10 exhibitors and a diverse range of scientific abstracts. In addition, #SCCT2020 generated >5900 tweets from nearly 700 engaged social media participants resulting in an estimated 38 million digital impressions and becoming #1 trending medical meeting in social media in the world during the meeting time period. This article summarizes the many themes and topics of presentation and discussion in this meeting, and the many technical advances that are likely to impact future clinical practice in cardiovascular computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelley Branch
- University of Washington Heart Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maros Ferencik
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew D Choi
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brian B Ghoshhajra
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Purvi Parwani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Edward Nicol
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS FT, London, UK.
| | - Koen Nieman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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16
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Khurrami L, Møller JE, Dahl JS, Carter-Storch R, Christensen NL, Pareek M, Lindholt JS, Diederichsen ACP. The association between aortic valve calcification, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiac size and function in a general population. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:711-722. [PMID: 32915345 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To determine the presence and extent of aortic valve calcification (AVC) quantified by non-contrast cardiac computed tomography (NCCT), to determine the association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and AVC score, and to evaluate the association between AVC and cardiac size and function assessed by echocardiography, in a general population aged 65-75 years. A random sample of 2060 individuals were invited to undergo NCCT through which their AVC score was assessed. Individuals with an AVC score ≥ 300 arbitrary units (AU) were invited for a transthoracic echocardiography together with age-matched controls. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with AVC and to describe associations between AVC score and echocardiographic findings. Of 2060 individuals invited 664 males and 636 females participated. Among those, 455 (68.5%) of males and 358 (56.3%) of females had AVC scores > 0 AU. The median AVC score was 6 AU (IQR 0-3064). Seventy-seven (11.6%) males and 20 (3.1%) females had an AVC score ≥ 300 AU. In a multiple regression analysis, age, sex, prior cardiovascular disease, smoking, and hypertension were associated with AVC score, while diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and kidney function were not. Individuals with AVC ≥ 300 AU had higher peak and mean aortic valve gradient, smaller indexed aortic valve area, greater left ventricular mass, and larger left atrial (LA) volume. In a random population sample of individuals aged 65-75 years, AVC was common and associated with most known cardiovascular risk factors. AVC ≥ 300 AU was associated with concentric remodeling and LA dilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Khurrami
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5500, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Eifer Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5500, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jordi Sanchez Dahl
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5500, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Carter-Storch
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5500, Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Manan Pareek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5500, Odense C, Denmark
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark
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17
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Lindholt JS, Frystyk J, Hallas J, Rasmussen LM, Diederichsen ACP. Feasibility Study of Advanced Cardiovascular Screening in Middle-Aged Patients with Diabetes. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:447-455. [PMID: 32440223 PMCID: PMC7221412 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s246636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cardiovascular mortality remains high among patients with diabetes compared with the general population. The primary aim was to evaluate the interest in and demand for advanced cardiovascular screening in patients with diabetes; the secondary aim was to explore its efficiency in detecting unprotected subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients and Methods In a cross-sectional design, randomly selected 40–60-year-old men and women with diabetes were invited to the screening trial. Screening encompassed (1) a comprehensive medical interview; (2) non-contrast computed tomography scanning to quantify coronary artery and aortic valve calcification, to measure left atrial size, to assess heart rhythm and to detect aortic and iliac dilatations; (3) ankle and brachial blood pressure measurements; and (4) blood and urine samples for measurements of HbA1c, lipid profile, renal function, NT-pro B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) and albuminuria. Primary outcome was participation rate; secondary outcome was rate of unprotected subclinical CVD. Results Of 465 invited patients, 191 (41.1%) attended screening. The participation rate was 40% (95% CI:33–47) for males and 42% (95% CI:36–48) for females. Twenty-four patients were excluded due to previous CVD. The remaining patients’ mean age was 52 years; 58% were males. Subclinical CVD was found in 64%, with a male preponderance (males 75% (95% CI:66–83; females 49% (95% CI:37–60)). Presence of severe coronary artery calcification (score ≥ 400) showed a male preponderance (males 19% (95% CI:12–27); females 7% (95% CI:3–16)). Aortic valve calcification, enlarged left atrial volume, atrial fibrillation, aortic dilatations, peripheral artery disease or increased pro-BNP were uncommon, and without any sex differences. Unprotected subclinical CVD was very common, and medical treatment was intensified in 60% (95% CI:53–68) of patients. Conclusion We propose a feasible cardiovascular screening examination from which middle-aged patients with diabetes may benefit. However, the participation rate may be too low to warrant screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University Hospital Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualised Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Odense, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Sønderskov PS, Lindholt JS, Hallas J, Gerke O, Hasific S, Lambrechtsen J, Steffensen FH, Busk M, Frost L, Urbonaviciene G, Karon M, Kikar AM, Rasmussen LM, Diederichsen AA. Association of aortic valve calcification and vitamin K antagonist treatment. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 21:718-724. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are suspected of causing aortic valve calcification (AVC). The objective of this study was to clarify whether patients undergoing VKA treatment have increased AVC scores compared to patients treated with new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and patients who never have been treated with VKA/NOAC.
Methods and results
We included participants from the population-based DANCAVAS trial (n = 15 048). Information on confounders was collected, and the AVC scores were measured on non-contrast computed tomography scans. The participants’ medication data, including VKA and NOAC data, were collected from the Danish National Health Service Prescription Database. The final population consisted of 14 604 participants (67.4 years, 95% men) of whom 873 had been treated with VKA and 602 with NOAC. The association between AVC score and duration of anticoagulant use was investigated in an adjusted zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. For every year treated with VKA, the AVC score increased, on average, by 6% [ratio of expected counts (RECs) = 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.10] compared to non-use. The results were consistent in sensitivity analyses excluding patients with known cardiovascular disease and statin users (REC = 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.11 and REC = 1.10; 95% CI 1.03–1.17, respectively). NOAC treatment was not significantly associated with AVC score in any of the corresponding models (REC = 1.03, 1.02, and 0.96).
Conclusion
Compared to no treatment with anticoagulants, VKA use was associated with increased AVC score, while a similar association could not be established for NOAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jes Sandal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Selma Hasific
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Baagøes Àlle15, 5700 Svendborg, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Busk
- Department of Cardiology, Little Belt Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Lars Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Falkevej 1A, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Grazina Urbonaviciene
- Department of Cardiology, Regional Hospital Central Jutland, Falkevej 1A, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Marek Karon
- Department of Medicine, Nykoebing Falster Hospital, Hospitalsvej, 4800 Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - Abdel Monem Kikar
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - and Axel Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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19
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Kring C, Rasmussen LM, Lindholt JS, Diederichsen ACP, Vinholt PJ. Platelet aggregation is not altered among men with diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:389-399. [PMID: 31679079 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Platelets are pivotal in arterial thrombosis, and platelet hyperresponsiveness may contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular events in diabetes mellitus. Consequently, we hypothesized that increased in vitro platelet aggregation responses exist in men with diabetes mellitus. METHODS The Danish Cardiovascular Screening Trial (DANCAVAS) is a community-based cardiovascular screening trial including men aged 65-74 years. Platelet aggregation was tested using 96-well light transmission aggregometry with thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP), adenosine diphosphate, collagen type 1, arachidonic acid and protease-activated receptor-4 in three concentrations. Further, cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcification (CAC), estimated by CT scans and ankle-brachial index, were obtained. RESULTS Included were 720 men aged 65-74 years, 110 with diabetes mellitus. Overall, there was no difference in platelet aggregation among men with versus without diabetes mellitus when adjusting for or excluding platelet inhibitor treatment and men with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This was true for all agonists, e.g., 10 µM TRAP-induced platelet aggregation of median 69% (IQR 53-75) versus 70% (IQR 60-76) in men with versus without diabetes mellitus. Platelet aggregation did not correlate with HbA1c or CAC. Men with diabetes mellitus displayed higher CAC, median 257 Agatston units (IQR 74-1141) versus median 111 Agatston units (IQR 6-420) in the remaining individuals, p < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Among outpatients with diabetes mellitus, but no CVD and no platelet inhibitor treatment, neither are platelets hyperresponsive in diabetes mellitus, nor is platelet aggregation associated with glycemic status or with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN12157806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kring
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark.
| | - Lars M Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel C P Diederichsen
- Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille J Vinholt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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20
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Lowres N, Olivier J, Chao TF, Chen SA, Chen Y, Diederichsen A, Fitzmaurice DA, Gomez-Doblas JJ, Harbison J, Healey JS, Hobbs FDR, Kaasenbrood F, Keen W, Lee VW, Lindholt JS, Lip GYH, Mairesse GH, Mant J, Martin JW, Martín-Rioboó E, McManus DD, Muñiz J, Münzel T, Nakamya J, Neubeck L, Orchard JJ, Pérula de Torres LÁ, Proietti M, Quinn FR, Roalfe AK, Sandhu RK, Schnabel RB, Smyth B, Soni A, Tieleman R, Wang J, Wild PS, Yan BP, Freedman B. Estimated stroke risk, yield, and number needed to screen for atrial fibrillation detected through single time screening: a multicountry patient-level meta-analysis of 141,220 screened individuals. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002903. [PMID: 31553733 PMCID: PMC6760766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise age distribution and calculated stroke risk of screen-detected atrial fibrillation (AF) is not known. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the number needed to screen (NNS) to identify one treatable new AF case (NNS-Rx) (i.e., Class-1 oral anticoagulation [OAC] treatment recommendation) in each age stratum. If the NNS-Rx is known for each age stratum, precise cost-effectiveness and sensitivity simulations can be performed based on the age distribution of the population/region to be screened. Such calculations are required by national authorities and organisations responsible for health system budgets to determine the best age cutoffs for screening programs and decide whether programs of screening should be funded. Therefore, we aimed to determine the exact yield and calculated stroke-risk profile of screen-detected AF and NNS-Rx in 5-year age strata. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic review of Medline, Pubmed, and Embase was performed (January 2007 to February 2018), and AF-SCREEN international collaboration members were contacted to identify additional studies. Twenty-four eligible studies were identified that performed a single time point screen for AF in a general ambulant population, including people ≥65 years. Authors from eligible studies were invited to collaborate and share patient-level data. Statistical analysis was performed using random effects logistic regression for AF detection rate, and Poisson regression modelling for CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Nineteen studies (14 countries from a mix of low- to middle- and high-income countries) collaborated, with 141,220 participants screened and 1,539 new AF cases. Pooled yield of screening was greater in males across all age strata. The age/sex-adjusted detection rate for screen-detected AF in ≥65-year-olds was 1.44% (95% CI, 1.13%-1.82%) and 0.41% (95% CI, 0.31%-0.53%) for <65-year-olds. New AF detection rate increased progressively with age from 0.34% (<60 years) to 2.73% (≥85 years). Neither the choice of screening methodology or device, the geographical region, nor the screening setting influenced the detection rate of AF. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc scores (n = 1,369) increased with age from 1.1 (<60 years) to 3.9 (≥85 years); 72% of ≥65 years had ≥1 additional stroke risk factor other than age/sex. All new AF ≥75 years and 66% between 65 and 74 years had a Class-1 OAC recommendation. The NNS-Rx is 83 for ≥65 years, 926 for 60-64 years; and 1,089 for <60 years. The main limitation of this study is there are insufficient data on sociodemographic variables of the populations and possible ascertainment biases to explain the variance in the samples. CONCLUSIONS People with screen-detected AF are at elevated calculated stroke risk: above age 65, the majority have a Class-1 OAC recommendation for stroke prevention, and >70% have ≥1 additional stroke risk factor other than age/sex. Our data, based on the largest number of screen-detected AF collected to date, show the precise relationship between yield and estimated stroke risk profile with age, and strong dependence for NNS-RX on the age distribution of the population to be screened: essential information for precise cost-effectiveness calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lowres
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jake Olivier
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology and Centre of Individualized Medicine of Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - David A. Fitzmaurice
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Jose Gomez-Doblas
- Servicio de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
- CIBERCV, Malaga, Spain
| | - Joseph Harbison
- Discipline of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeff S. Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - F. D. Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Femke Kaasenbrood
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - William Keen
- Kaiser Permanente San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Vivian W. Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jes S. Lindholt
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Georges H. Mairesse
- Department of Cardiology, Cliniques du Sud Luxembourg, Vivalia, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Mant
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julie W. Martin
- Kaiser Permanente San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Enrique Martín-Rioboó
- University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Unit of Family and Community Medicine of Córdoba, UGC Poniente, Córdoba and Guadalquivir Sanitary District, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - David D. McManus
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States of America
- UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, United States of America
| | - Javier Muñiz
- Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, CIBERCV, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center of Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juliet Nakamya
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lis Neubeck
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jessica J. Orchard
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luis Ángel Pérula de Torres
- Teaching Unit of Family and Community Medicine of Córdoba, Córdoba and Guadalquivir Sanitary District. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marco Proietti
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Russell Quinn
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea K. Roalfe
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roopinder K. Sandhu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Renate B. Schnabel
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Breda Smyth
- Department of Public Health Medicine, HSE West, Galway, Ireland
| | - Apurv Soni
- Clinical and Population Health Research, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States of America
| | - Robert Tieleman
- Department of Cardiology, Martini Hospital Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jiguang Wang
- The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bryan P. Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ben Freedman
- Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Øvrehus KA, Veien KT, Lambrechtsen J, Rohold A, Steffensen FH, Gerke O, Jensen LO, Mickley H. Functional and Anatomical Testing in Intermediate Risk Chest Pain Patients with a High Coronary Calcium Score: Rationale and Design of the FACC Study. Cardiology 2019; 142:141-148. [PMID: 31170719 DOI: 10.1159/000499667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current guidelines do not recommend coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with high levels of coronary calcium, as severe calcification leads to difficulties in estimating stenosis severity due to blooming artifacts obscuring the vessel lumen. Whether the CCTA-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) improves the diagnostic performance of CCTA in patients with high levels of coronary calcification has not been sufficiently evaluated. We hypothesize that a noninvasive diagnostic strategy using FFRCT will perform comparably to an invasive diagnostic strategy in the detection of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in clinical stable chest pain patients with high levels of coronary calcium. In this prospective, blinded, multicenter study, patients with suspected stable CAD referred for CCTA and demonstrating an Agatston score >399 will be included. Patients accepting inclusion will, in addition to CCTA, undergo invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and invasive FFR measurement. FFRCT analyses are performed by an external core laboratory blinded to any patient data, and the FFRCT results are blinded to all participating study sites. The primary objective is to evaluate whether FFRCT can identify patients with and without hemodynamically significant CAD, when ICA with FFR is the reference standard. A negative study result would question the clinical usefulness of FFRCT in patients with high levels of coronary calcium. A positive study result, however, would imply a reduction in the number of patients referred for coronary catheterization and, at the same time, increase the proportion of patients with hemodynamically significant CAD at the subsequent invasive examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karsten T Veien
- Odense University Hospital Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Rohold
- Esbjerg Hospital Department of Cardiology, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Oke Gerke
- Odense University Hospital Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lisette O Jensen
- Odense University Hospital Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Mickley
- Odense University Hospital Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark,
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22
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Hansen TB, Lindholt JS, Diederichsen A, Søgaard R. Do Non-participants at Screening have a Different Threshold for an Acceptable Benefit-Harm Ratio than Participants? Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2019; 12:491-501. [PMID: 31165400 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-019-00364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate non-participants' preferences for cardiovascular disease screening programme characteristics and whether non-participation can be rationally explained by differences in preferences, decision-making styles and informational needs between non-participants and participants. METHODS We conducted a discrete choice experiment at three screening sites between June and December 2017 among 371 male non-participants and 830 male participants who were asked to trade different levels of five key programme characteristics (chance of health benefit, risk of overtreatment, risk of later regret, screening duration and screening location). Data were analysed using a multinomial mixed-logit model. Health benefit was used as a payment vehicle for estimation of marginal substitution rates. RESULTS Non-participants were willing to accept that 0.127 (95% confidence interval 0.103-0.154) fewer lives would be saved to avoid overtreatment of one individual, whilst participants were willing to accept 0.085 (95% confidence interval 0.077-0.094) fewer lives saved. This translates into non-participants valuing health benefits 7.9 times higher than overtreatment. The corresponding value of participants is 11.8. Similarly, non-participants had higher requirements than participants for advanced technology and a quicker screening duration. With regard to their participation decision, 64% of the non-participants felt certain about their choice compared with 89% among participants. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that non-participants have different preferences than participants at screening as they express relatively more concern about overtreatment and have higher requirements for a high-tech screening programme. Non-participants also report to be more uncertain about their participation decision and more often seek additional information to the standard information provided in the invitation letter. Further studies on informational needs and effective communication strategies are warranted to ensure that non-participation is a fully informed choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Birgitte Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. .,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Elitary Research Unit of Personalized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Unit of Personalized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Søgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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Lindholt JS, Rasmussen LM, Søgaard R, Lambrechtsen J, Steffensen FH, Frost L, Egstrup K, Urbonaviciene G, Busk M, Olsen MH, Hallas J, Diederichsen AC. Baseline findings of the population-based, randomized, multifaceted Danish cardiovascular screening trial (DANCAVAS) of men aged 65–74 years. Br J Surg 2019; 106:862-871. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The challenge of managing age-related diseases is increasing; routine checks by the general practitioner do not reduce cardiovascular mortality. The aim here was to reduce cardiovascular mortality by advanced population-based cardiovascular screening. The present article reports the organization of the study, the acceptability of the screening offer, and the relevance of multifaceted screening for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.
Methods
Danish men aged 65–74 years were invited randomly (1 : 2) to a cardiovascular screening examination using low-dose non-contrast CT, ankle and brachial BP measurements, and blood tests.
Results
In all, 16 768 of 47 322 men aged 65–74 years were invited and 10 471 attended (uptake 62·4 per cent). Of these, 3481 (33·2 per cent) had a coronary artery calcium score above 400 units. Thoracic aortic aneurysm was diagnosed in the ascending aorta (diameter 45 mm or greater) in 468 men (4·5 per cent), in the arch (at least 40 mm) in 48 (0·5 per cent) and in the descending aorta (35 mm or more) in 233 (2·2 per cent). Abdominal aortic aneurysm (at least 30 mm) and iliac aneurysm (20 mm or greater) were diagnosed in 533 (5·1 per cent) and 239 (2·3 per cent) men respectively. Peripheral artery disease was diagnosed in 1147 men (11·0 per cent), potentially uncontrolled hypertension (at least 160/100 mmHg) in 835 (8·0 per cent), previously unknown atrial fibrillation confirmed by ECG in 50 (0·5 per cent), previously unknown diabetes mellitus in 180 (1·7 per cent) and isolated severe hyperlipidaemia in 48 men (0·5 per cent).
In all, 4387 men (41·9 per cent), excluding those with potentially uncontrolled hypertension, were referred for additional cardiovascular prevention. Of these, 3712 (35·5 per cent of all screened men, but 84·6 per cent of those referred) consented and were started on medication.
Conclusion
Multifaceted cardiovascular screening is feasible and may optimize cardiovascular disease prevention in men aged 65–74 years. Uptake is lower than in aortic aneurysm screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - L M Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Søgaard
- Department of Public Health and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - F H Steffensen
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - L Frost
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - K Egstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - G Urbonaviciene
- Department of Cardiology, Diagnostic Centre, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - M Busk
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - M H Olsen
- CIMA, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - J Hallas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A C Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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24
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Altobelli E, Rapacchietta L, Profeta VF, Fagnano R. Risk Factors for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Population-Based Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122805. [PMID: 30544688 PMCID: PMC6313801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents an important public health problem with a prevalence between 1.3% and 12.5%. Several population-based randomized trials have evaluated ultrasound screening for AAA providing evidence of a reduction in aneurysm-related mortality in the screened population. The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors for AAA. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies and we performed a meta-analysis that evaluated the following risk factors: gender, smoking habits, hypertension, coronary artery disease and family history of AAA. Respect to a previous a meta-analysis we added the funnel plot to examine the effect sizes estimated from individual studies as measure of their precision; sensitivity analysis to check the stability of study findings and estimate how the overall effect size would be modified by removal of one study; cumulative analysis to evaluate the trend between studies in relation to publication year. Abdominal aortic aneurysm prevalence is higher in smokers and in males. On the other hand, while diabetes is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, it is not a risk factor for AAA. In addition, it is important to underline that all countries, where AAA screening was set up, had high income level and the majority belong to Western Europe (United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy, Poland, Spain and Belgium). Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening is fundamental for public health. It could avoid deaths, ruptures, and emergency surgical interventions if abdominal aortic aneurysm was diagnosed early in the population target for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Altobelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | | | - Valerio F Profeta
- Department of community Health, Local Health Unit, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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25
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Lindholt JS, Frandsen NE, Fredgart MH, Øvrehus KA, Dahl JS, Møller JE, Folkestad L, Urbonaviciene G, Becker SW, Lambrechtsen J, Auscher S, Hosbond S, Alan DH, Rasmussen LM, Gerke O, Mickley H, Diederichsen A. Effects of menaquinone-7 supplementation in patients with aortic valve calcification: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022019. [PMID: 30139903 PMCID: PMC6112404 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aortic stenosis is a common heart valve disease, and due to the growing elderly population, the prevalence is increasing. The disease is progressive with increasing calcification of the valve cusps. A few attempts with medical preventive treatment have failed; thus, presently, the only effective treatment of aortic stenosis is surgery. This study will examine the effect of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation on progression of aortic valve calcification (AVC). We hypothesise that MK-7 supplementation will slow down the calcification process. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this multicenter and double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, 400 men aged 65-74 years with substantial AVC are randomised (1:1) to treatment with MK-7 (720 µg/day) supplemented by the recommended daily dose of vitamin D (25 µg/day) or placebo treatment (no active treatment) for 2 years. Exclusion criteria are treatment with vitamin K antagonist or coagulation disorders. To evaluate AVC score, a non-contrast CT scan is performed at baseline and repeated after 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Primary outcome is difference in AVC score from baseline to follow-up at 2 years. Intention-to-treat principle is used for all analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are no reported adverse effects associated with the use of MK-7. The protocol is approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee for Southern Denmark (S-20170059) and the Data Protection Agency (17/19010). It is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Positive as well as negative findings will be reported. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03243890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars Folkestad
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Svendborg Sygehus, Svendborg, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Søren Auscher
- Department of Cardiology, Svendborg Sygehus, Svendborg, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Hans Mickley
- Department of Cardiology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
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26
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Association Between Diverticular Disease and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Pooled Analysis of Two Population Based Screening Cohorts. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 54:772-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Powell J. Commentary on: “The DanCavas Pilot Study of Multifaceted Screening for Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women Aged 65–74 Years”. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 53:132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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