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Red blood cell-like hollow TiO2@WO3 microspheres as highly efficient photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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2
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Peerakiatkhajohn P, Yun JH, Butburee T, Chen H, Thaweesak S, Lyu M, Wang S, Wang L. Bifunctional photoelectrochemical process for humic acid degradation and hydrogen production using multi-layered p-type Cu 2O photoelectrodes with plasmonic Au@TiO 2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123533. [PMID: 32758999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional photoelectrochemical (PEC) process for simultaneous hydrogen production and mineralisation of humic acid in water using TiO2-1 wt% Au@TiO2/Al2O3/Cu2O multi-layered p-type photoelectrodes is demonstrated. The newly designed bifunctional PEC system leads to a high degradation efficiency of dissolved humic compounds, the target pollutant, by up to 87% during 2 h reaction time. Simultaneously, humic acid is also served as a sacrificial electron donor in the proposed system, contributing to a high photocurrent density of the multi-layered p-type Cu2O photoelectrodes up to -6.32 mA cm-2 at 0 V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) under the AM 1.5 simulated 1-Sun solar illumination. The Z-scheme feature of this bifunctional PEC devices exhibiting a short-circuit photocurrent density of -0.45 mA cm-2 and solar-to-hydrogen conversion (STH) of 0.5 % in the presence of humic acid sheds light on the new bias-free artificial photosynthesis PEC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piangjai Peerakiatkhajohn
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4123, Australia; Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4123, Australia.
| | - Teera Butburee
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4123, Australia; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4123, Australia; Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Supphasin Thaweesak
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4123, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand
| | - Miaoqiang Lyu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4123, Australia
| | - Songcan Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4123, Australia; Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4123, Australia.
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Escudeiro de Oliveira M, Barroso BL, de Almeida J, Moraes MLL, de Arruda Rodrigues C. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol and estrone under UV and visible light using nanotubular oxide arrays grown on Ti-0.5wt%W. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110044. [PMID: 32818502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concern with emerging contaminants has increased in recent years, especially with regard to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), among them hormones. Conventional water treatment processes have been shown to be ineffective in removing these compounds from water and sewage, while heterogeneous photocatalysis has been demonstrated to be a promising technique. However, the catalytic efficiency is strongly related to the choice of the photocatalyst material. In order to obtain a fast and efficient degradation of these endocrine disruptors, nanotubes grown on Ti-0.5wt%W alloy (NT/Ti-0.5W) were used in photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) processes for the degradation of estrone (E1) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) under irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The NT/Ti-0.5W catalysts were synthesized by an anodization process, followed by thermal treatment at 450 °C. Raman, X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance spectroscopic analyses indicated that the tungsten doping process had modified the nanotubular TiO2. The doped samples exhibited superior photoactivity compared to un-doped samples and other semiconductors under UV and visible irradiation due to a reduction in the rate of recombination of photogenerated charges and the displacement of the flat-band potential to more negative values. Higher values of the degradation rate constant were found for both hormones in the PEC process using NT/Ti-0.5W under UV radiation; the percentage removals of EE2 and E1 were 66% and 53.4%, respectively, after only 2 min of treatment. With visible light, 1.8 min and 4.6 h were required for the removal of 50% of E1 and EE2, respectively. The degradation of E1 could be fit with a zero-order kinetic model, while a first-order kinetic model was required for EE2 degradation. Degradation routes were suggested for E1 and EE2. The results demonstrate that the combined use of NT/Ti-0.5W and the PEC process provides excellent performance for the degradation of emerging contaminants in wastewater when compared to a NT/TiO2 electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizilda Escudeiro de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lupi Barroso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Almeida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil; Unesp, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lourdes Leite Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Christiane de Arruda Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil; Unesp, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Electrochemical Engineering of Nanoporous Materials for Photocatalysis: Fundamentals, Advances, and Perspectives. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis comprises a variety of light-driven processes in which solar energy is converted into green chemical energy to drive reactions such as water splitting for hydrogen energy generation, degradation of environmental pollutants, CO2 reduction and NH3 production. Electrochemically engineered nanoporous materials are attractive photocatalyst platforms for a plethora of applications due to their large effective surface area, highly controllable and tuneable light-harvesting capabilities, efficient charge carrier separation and enhanced diffusion of reactive species. Such tailor-made nanoporous substrates with rational chemical and structural designs provide new exciting opportunities to develop advanced optical semiconductor structures capable of performing precise and versatile control over light–matter interactions to harness electromagnetic waves with unprecedented high efficiency and selectivity for photocatalysis. This review introduces fundamental developments and recent advances of electrochemically engineered nanoporous materials and their application as platforms for photocatalysis, with a final prospective outlook about this dynamic field.
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El-Yazeed WA, Ahmed AI. Photocatalytic activity of mesoporous WO3/TiO2 nanocomposites for the photodegradation of methylene blue. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Faraji M, Abedini A. Pulse reverse co-electrodeposition of polyaniline-tungsten oxide nanocomposite onto TiO 2 nanotubes/Ti plate and evaluation of plate's photocatalytic activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bárdos E, Kovács G, Gyulavári T, Németh K, Kecsenovity E, Berki P, Baia L, Pap Z, Hernádi K. Novel synthesis approaches for WO3‐TiO2/MWCNT composite photocatalysts- problematic issues of photoactivity enhancement factors. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Zhou X, Liu N, Schmuki P. Photocatalysis with TiO2 Nanotubes: “Colorful” Reactivity and Designing Site-Specific Photocatalytic Centers into TiO2 Nanotubes. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhou
- Department
of Materials Science WW4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Liu
- Department
of Materials Science WW4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- Department
of Materials Science WW4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Mazierski P, Malankowska A, Kobylański M, Diak M, Kozak M, Winiarski MJ, Klimczuk T, Lisowski W, Nowaczyk G, Zaleska-Medynska A. Photocatalytically Active TiO2/Ag2O Nanotube Arrays Interlaced with Silver Nanoparticles Obtained from the One-Step Anodic Oxidation of Ti–Ag Alloys. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mazierski
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Malankowska
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Kobylański
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Diak
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magda Kozak
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał J. Winiarski
- Department
of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Klimczuk
- Department
of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nowaczyk
- NanoBioMedical
Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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10
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Choi H, Shin D, Yeo BC, Song T, Han SS, Park N, Kim S. Simultaneously Controllable Doping Sites and the Activity of a W–N Codoped TiO2 Photocatalyst. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heechae Choi
- Center
for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Dongbin Shin
- Department
of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Byung Chul Yeo
- Center
for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Taeseup Song
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Han
- Center
for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department
of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Noejung Park
- Department
of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Seungchul Kim
- Center
for Computational Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department
of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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11
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Lee K, Mazare A, Schmuki P. One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials: nanotubes. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9385-454. [PMID: 25121734 DOI: 10.1021/cr500061m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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13
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Galstyan V, Comini E, Faglia G, Sberveglieri G. TiO2 nanotubes: recent advances in synthesis and gas sensing properties. SENSORS 2013; 13:14813-38. [PMID: 24184919 PMCID: PMC3871103 DOI: 10.3390/s131114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis--particularly by electrochemical anodization-, growth mechanism and chemical sensing properties of pure, doped and mixed titania tubular arrays are reviewed. The first part deals on how anodization parameters affect the size, shape and morphology of titania nanotubes. In the second part fabrication of sensing devices based on titania nanotubes is presented, together with their most notable gas sensing performances. Doping largely improves conductivity and enhances gas sensing performances of TiO2 nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Galstyan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (V.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Comini
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (V.G.); (E.C.)
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14
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Composition and photoelectrochemical properties of WO3/TNAs photoelectrodes fabricated by in situ electrochemical method. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Smith YR, Ray RS, Carlson K, Sarma B, Misra M. Self-Ordered Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays: Anodic Synthesis and Their Photo/Electro-Catalytic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:2892-2957. [PMID: 28811415 PMCID: PMC5521288 DOI: 10.3390/ma6072892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanotubes have become a widely investigated material, more specifically, self-organized titania nanotube arrays synthesized by electrochemical anodization. As a highly investigated material with a wide gamut of applications, the majority of published literature focuses on the solar-based applications of this material. The scope of this review summarizes some of the recent advances made using metal oxide nanotube arrays formed via anodization in solar-based applications. A general methodology for theoretical modeling of titania surfaces in solar applications is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- York R Smith
- Metallurgical Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Rupashree S Ray
- Metallurgical Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Krista Carlson
- Metallurgical Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Biplab Sarma
- Metallurgical Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Mano Misra
- Metallurgical Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Novel one-step preparation of tungsten loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation and hydrogen production. CATAL COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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El-Sayed HA, Horwood CA, Abhayawardhana AD, Birss VI. New insights into the initial stages of Ta oxide nanotube formation on polycrystalline Ta electrodes. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1494-1498. [PMID: 23338813 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ta oxide nanotubes (NTs) were formed by the anodization of Ta at 15 V in a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid containing 0.8-1.0 M hydrofluoric acid. To study the initial stages of NT formation, FESEM images of samples anodized for very short times were obtained. The results contradict the existing explanation of the current-time data collected during anodization, which has persisted in the literature for more than two decades. In addition to providing a first-time morphological study of Ta oxide NT formation at very early stages of anodization, we also propose a new interpretation of the i-t response, showing that pores are already present in the first few milliseconds of anodization and that NTs are formed well before present models predict. This behaviour may also extend to the anodization of other valve metals, such as Al, Ti, Zr, W, and Nb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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18
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Hahn R, Stark M, Killian MS, Schmuki P. Photocatalytic properties of in situ doped TiO2-nanotubes grown by rapid breakdown anodization. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Paramasivam I, Jha H, Liu N, Schmuki P. A review of photocatalysis using self-organized TiO2 nanotubes and other ordered oxide nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3073-3103. [PMID: 22961930 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic approaches, that is the reaction of light-produced charge carriers at a semiconductor surface with their environment, currently attract an extremely wide scientific interest. This is to a large extent due to the high expectations: i) to convert sunlight directly into an energy carrier (H(2)), ii) to stimulate chemical synthetic reactions, or iii) to degrade unwanted environmental pollutants. Since the early reports in 1972, TiO(2) has been the most investigated photocatalytic material by far; this originates from its outstanding electronic properties that allow for a wide range of applications. Not only the material, but also its structure and morphology, can have a considerable influence on the photocatalytic performance of TiO(2). In recent years, particularly 1D (or pseudo 1D) structures such as nanowires and nanotubes have received great attention. The present Review focuses on TiO(2) nanotube arrays (and similar structures) that grow by self-organizing electrochemistry (highly aligned) from a Ti metal substrate. Herein, the growth, properties, and applications of these tubes are discussed, as well as ways and means to modify critical tube properties. Common strategies are addressed to improve the performance of photocatalysts such as doping or band-gap engineering, co-catalyst decoration, junction formation, or applying external bias. Finally, some unique applications of the ordered tube structures in various photocatalytic approaches are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indhumati Paramasivam
- Department of Materials Science WW4, LKO, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr.7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Lai CW, Sreekantan S, E. PS, Krengvirat W. Preparation and photoelectrochemical characterization of WO3-loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays via radio frequency sputtering. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Sun M, Cui X. Anodically grown Si–W codoped TiO2 nanotubes and its enhanced visible light photoelectrochemical response. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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22
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Smith YR, Sarma B, Mohanty SK, Misra M. Formation of TiO2–WO3 nanotubular composite via single-step anodization and its application in photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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