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Singh S, Zhang Y, Hashmi SA, Yang F. Supercapacitors with cotton shell-derived activated carbons and porous polymer electrolyte films. RSC Adv 2025; 15:9787-9800. [PMID: 40171293 PMCID: PMC11959461 DOI: 10.1039/d5ra00696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 03/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Some of the well-known challenges in the field of supercapacitors (SCs), or more specifically, electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), such as low energy density and high cost, have proven to be major barriers to their widespread market success despite having some excellent electrochemical merits such as high-power density and good cyclic stability. In this work, efforts have been made to overcome these gaps and eventually enhance the performance of EDLCs via a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. To fabricate these EDLCs, a bio-waste, namely, cotton-shell-derived activated carbons (ZnACs) (activated with ZnCl2), was used in a mass ratio of 1 : 2 for cotton shell to ZnCl2. This resulted in a large BET surface area of 2031 m2 g-1 and a hierarchical porous structure, which contributed to faster diffusion of electrolyte ions. These two features ultimately resulted in a high specific capacitance of 247.82 F g-1 at a current density of 0.52 A g-1 of the cell with a porous polymer electrolyte (PPE) film made from polycaprolactone and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), which offered the advantages of a wider potential window (∼7.22 V vs. Ag) and high conductivity (1.51 mS cm-1). A comparison was then made with another cell using commercial activated carbon powder and the same PPE film. The ZnAC-based EDLC cells showed better performances, such as a high energy density (∼22.58 W h kg-1) and high Coulombic efficiency (∼83.6%) without compromising the effective power density (∼0.42 kW kg-1). EDLC cells exhibited only ∼3% capacitance fading at the end of 10 000 charge-discharge cycles. Thus, the incorporation of cotton shell-biowaste resulted in a two-way advantage of reducing environmental pollution caused by their large-scale burning practices and delivering substantial electrochemical performance, ultimately opening new avenues in the field of green energy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Singh
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 China
| | - S A Hashmi
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Materials Program, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
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2
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Behzadi Pour G, Nazarpour Fard H, Fekri Aval L. A Comparison of the Electrical Properties of Gel Polymer Electrolyte-Based Supercapacitors: A Review of Advances in Electrolyte Materials. Gels 2024; 10:803. [PMID: 39727559 DOI: 10.3390/gels10120803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible solid-state-based supercapacitors are in demand for the soft components used in electronics. The increased attention paid toward solid-state electrolytes could be due to their advantages, including no leakage, special separators, and improved safety. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are preferred in the energy storage field, likely owing to their safety, lack of leakage, and compatibility with various separators as well as their higher ionic conductivity (IC) than traditional solid electrolytes. This review covers the classification, properties, and configurations of different GPE-based supercapacitors and recent advancements that have occurred in this area of energy storage. Ionic liquid (IL)-based materials are popular GPEs for electrochemical energy storage and can be used to prepare unprecedented flexible supercapacitors due to their great IC and wide potential range. A comparative assessment of the GPEs-based supercapacitors reveals that in a majority of them, the value of specific capacitance is generally under 1000 F g-1, energy density reaches around 125 Wh kg-1, and the power density is seen to be less than 1500 W kg-1. The results of this research serve as an essential reference for upcoming scholars, and could significantly improve our comprehension of the efficacy of GPE-containing supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghobad Behzadi Pour
- Department of Physics, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1866113118, Iran
| | - Hamed Nazarpour Fard
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoram-Abad 6815144316, Iran
| | - Leila Fekri Aval
- Quantum Technologies Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic, Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
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3
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Chen X, Holze R. Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:3164. [PMID: 39599254 PMCID: PMC11598227 DOI: 10.3390/polym16223164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of safety concerns associated with the use of liquid electrolytes and electrolyte solutions, options for non-liquid materials like gels and polymers to be used as ion-conducting electrolytes have been explored intensely, and they attract steadily growing interest from researchers. The low ionic conductivity of most hard and soft solid materials was initially too low for practical applications in supercapacitors, which require low internal resistance of a device and, consequently, highly conducting materials. Even if an additional separator may not be needed when the solid electrolyte already ensures reliable separation of the electrodes, the electrolytes prepared as films or membranes as thin as practically acceptable, resistance may still be too high even today. Recent developments with gel electrolytes sometimes approach or even surpass liquid electrolyte solutions, in terms of effective conductance. This includes materials based on biopolymers, renewable raw materials, materials with biodegradability, and better environmental compatibility. In addition, numerous approaches to improving the electrolyte/electrode interaction have yielded improvements in effective internal device resistance. Reported studies are reviewed, material combinations are sorted out, and trends are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Chen
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rudolf Holze
- Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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4
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Wang D, Zhou Q, Fu H, Lian Y, Zhang H. A Fe 2(SO 4) 3-assisted approach towards green synthesis of cuttlefish ink-derived carbon nanospheres for high-performance supercapacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:695-708. [PMID: 36780850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of renewable biomass resources into advanced electrode materials through green, simple, and economical methods has become an important research direction in energy storage. In this study, Fe-decorated N/S-codoped porous carbon nanospheres have been successfully fabricated from cuttlefish ink through Fe2(SO4)3-assisted hydrothermal carbonization coupled with heat treatment. The effects of Fe2(SO4)3 dosage on the structure, chemical composition, and capacitive property of carbon nanospheres were investigated. Herein, environmentally friendly Fe2(SO4)3 plays a multifunctional role as the graphitization catalyst, dopant, and morphology-regulating agent. Benefitting from the moderate graphitization degree, great heteroatom content and hierarchical porous structure, the prepared carbon nanospheres exhibit high specific capacitance (311.9 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1), good rate capability (19.1% decrease in specific capacitance as current density increases from 0.5 to 10 A g-1), and ideal cycling stability (94.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). In addition, the symmetric supercapacitor assembled with the carbon nanosphere electrodes achieves an energy density of 9.7 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 0.25 kW kg-1 and maintains 91.3% capacitance after 10,000 cycles. The desirable electrochemical performance of cuttlefish ink-derived carbon nanosphere material makes it a potential electrode candidate for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Qiuping Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Hongliang Fu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yue Lian
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Huaihao Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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Dong K, Liu Y, Chen Z, Lv T, Tang W, Cao S, Chen T. A novel bilayer heterogeneous poly(ionic liquid) electrolyte for high-performance flexible supercapacitors with ultraslow self-discharge. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37185996 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible supercapacitors with high power density and long cyclic stability represent a promising candidate to be used as power supplies for portable electronics, but often suffer from the disadvantages of a limited working voltage and rapid self-discharge (spontaneous drop of open-circuit voltage). Here, we design a bilayer heterogeneous poly(ionic liquid) electrolyte (BHPE) consisting of a polycation complex and a polyanion complex with different zeta potentials to suppress the self-discharge of flexible symmetric supercapacitors. The resultant BHPE-based supercapacitors using active carbon/carbon nanotube composite electrodes exhibit a high working potential of 3.0 V and an energy density of 33 W h kg-1, which are comparable with those of devices obtained by using a homogeneous poly(ionic liquid) electrolyte (HPE). More significantly, the developed BHPE-based supercapacitor charged under forward bias exhibits a self-discharge time of 23.2 h, which is at least twice that of the device charged under reverse bias and is also much superior to those of HPE-based supercapacitors. The BHPE-based supercapacitors also possess excellent mechanical flexibility and stability, due to the stabilized interface contact between two layers of poly(ionic liquid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Dong
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Zilin Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Tian Lv
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Weiyang Tang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Shaokui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
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Zhang J, Gong X, Li X, Zeng F, Hao Z, Du Z, Xu J, Meng Z, Long B, Yu S, Tian H. Electron-ion conjugation sites co-constructed by defects and heteroatoms assisted carbon electrodes for high-performance aqueous energy storage. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:600-609. [PMID: 36878077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid preparation strategies of carbon-based materials with a high power density and energy density are crucial for the large-scale application of carbon materials in energy storage. However, achieving these goals quickly and efficiently remains challenging. Herein, the rapid redox reaction of concentrated H2SO4 and sucrose was employed as a means to destroy the perfect carbon lattice to form defects and insert large numbers of heteroatoms into the defects to rapidly form electron-ion conjugated sites of carbon materials at room temperature. Among prepared samples, CS-800-2 showed an excellent electrochemical performance (377.7 F g-1, 1 A g-1) and high energy density in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte owing to its large specific surface area and a significant number of electron-ion conjugated sites. Additionally, CS-800-2 exhibited desirable energy storage performance in other aqueous electrolytes containing various metal ions. The theoretical calculation results revealed increased charge density near the carbon lattice defects, and the presence of heteroatoms effectively reduced the adsorption energy of carbon materials toward cations. Accordingly, the constructed "electron-ion" conjugated sites comprising defects and heteroatoms on the super-large surface of carbon-based materials accelerated the pseudo-capacitance reactions on the material surface, thereby greatly enhancing the energy density of carbon-based materials without sacrificing power density. In sum, a fresh theoretical perspective for constructing new carbon-based energy storage materials was provided, promising for future development of high-performance energy storage materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiliang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fanda Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zeyu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhengyan Du
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zeshuo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Beihong Long
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Shansheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Liu Q, Wu D, Wang T, Guo Y. Polysaccharide of agar based ultra-high specific surface area porous carbon for superior supercapacitor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:40-47. [PMID: 36529217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive research has been focused on porous carbon in supercapacitor, the simple and non-template preparation of high specific surface area (SSA) carbon material with hierarchical porous structure is still a lingering issue. Herein, the cross-linked hierarchical porous carbon with ultra-high SSA of 3184 m2 g-1 is prepared via the sol-gel follows the freeze drying and followed activation process. Agar is used as carbon precursor, L-arginine is nitrogen sources, and the formed gel is activated by KHCO3. The obtained N-doped porous carbon shows a superior specific capacitance of 443.0 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in 6 M KOH, and exhibits an excellent rate capability (255 F g-1 at 50 A g-1). Furthermore, due to the combined synergistic effect of high SSA, hierarchical porous structure and N doping, the symmetric supercapacitor that assembled with the prepared gel electrolyte of Agar-Na2SO4 achieves a superior energy density of 35.5 Wh kg-1 and a long cycle life with the capacitance retention of 99.7% after 20,000 cycles. This work provides an efficient and simple method to prepare ultra-high surface area, hierarchical porous structure carbon materials for high performance supercapacitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Dongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China; Physics and Chemistry Analysis Center, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
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Khurana S, Chandra A. Role of modified silica nanoparticles in enhancing the properties of flexible solid electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Taer E, Apriwandi A, Febriani W, Taslim R. Suitable Micro/Mesoporous Carbon Derived from Galangal Leaves (
Alpinia galanga L
.) Biomass for Enhancing Symmetric Electrochemical Double‐layer Capacitor Performances. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erman Taer
- Department of physics Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences University of Riau Jl. Kampus Binawidya KM 12.5, Panam Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia
| | - Apriwandi Apriwandi
- Department of physics Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences University of Riau Jl. Kampus Binawidya KM 12.5, Panam Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia
| | - Widya Febriani
- Department of Sports Education Faculty of Sports Science State University of Padang Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Sumatera Barat 25131 Indonesia
| | - Rika Taslim
- Department of Industrial Engineering State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Jl. H.R. Soebrantas Km.15 Simpang Baru-Tampan Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia
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Taslim R, Apriwandi A, Taer E. Novel Moringa oleifera Leaves 3D Porous Carbon-Based Electrode Material as a High-Performance EDLC Supercapacitor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36489-36502. [PMID: 36278080 PMCID: PMC9583089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-based activated carbon has great potential in the use of its versatile 3D porous structures as an excellent electrode material in presenting high conductivity, large porosity, and outstanding stability for electrochemical energy storage devices. In this study, the electrode material develops through a novel consolidated carbon disc binder-free design, which was derived from Moringa oleifera leaves (MOLs) for electrochemical double-layer capacitor applications. The carbon discs are prepared in a series of treatments of precarbonized, chemical impregnation of zinc chloride, integrated pyrolysis of N2 carbonization, and CO2 physical activation. The physical activation temperatures applied at 650, 750, and 850 °C optimize the precursor potential. By optimizing the 3D hierarchical pore properties of the MOL750, the carbon disc binder-free design demonstrates optimal symmetric supercapacitor performance with a high specific capacitance of 307 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 in an aqueous electrolyte solution of 1 M H2SO4. Furthermore, the extremely low internal resistance (0.006Ω) of the carbon disc initiated excellent electrical conductivity. The supercapacitors also maintain their high capacitive properties in aqueous electrolyte solutions of 6 M KOH and 1 M Na2SO4, respectively. The results show that a novel consolidated carbon disc binder-free design can be obtained from biomass MOLs through a reasonable approach to develop superior electrode materials to enhance high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Taslim
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, State Islamic
University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, Riau, Simpang Baru-Tampan, Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia
| | - Apriwandi Apriwandi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, Panam, Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia
| | - Erman Taer
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, Panam, Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia
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Sultana AI, Chambers C, Ahmed MMN, Pathirathna P, Reza T. Multifunctional Loblolly Pine-Derived Superactivated Hydrochar: Effect of Hydrothermal Carbonization on Hydrogen and Electron Storage with Carbon Dioxide and Dye Removal. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3575. [PMID: 36296764 PMCID: PMC9606919 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pore modulation via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) needs investigation due to its crucial effect on surface that influences its multirole utilization of such ultraporous sorbents in applications of energy storage- hydrogen and capacitive- as well as for pollutant abatement- carbon capture and dye removal. Hence, loblolly pine was hydrothermally carbonized followed by KOH activation to synthesize superactivated hydrochars (SAH). The resulting SAHs had specific surface area (SSA) 1462-1703 m2/g, total pore (TPV) and micropore volume (MPV) of 0.62-0.78 cm3/g and 0.33-0.49 cm3/g, respectively. The SAHs exhibit excellent multifunctional performance with remarkably high atmospheric CO2 capture of 145.2 mg/g and high pressure cryogenic H2 storage of 54.9 mg/g. The fabricated supercapacitor displayed substantial specific capacitance value of maximum 47.2 Fg-1 at 1 A g-1 in 6 M KOH and highest MB dye removal of 719.4 mg/g. Higher HTC temperature resulted in increased surface porosity as higher SSA, TPV benefitted H2 storage and MB dye removal while superior MPV favored CO2 capture. Moderate HTC temperature ensured higher mesopore-to-macropore volume ratio favoring electrochemical performance. Isotherm modelling of the adsorbates was compared using models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir- Freundlich and Temkin.
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Pokharel J, Gurung A, Baniya A, He W, Chen K, Pathak R, Lamsal BS, Ghimire N, Zhou Y. MOF-derived hierarchical carbon network as an extremely-high-performance supercapacitor electrode. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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