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Wang T, Wu D, Tao Y, Ren P, Chen B, Jia D. Gas Phase-Heat Absorption-Condensate Phase Stepwise Flame Retardant Strategy to Prepare Coal Tar Pitch-Based Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor. Small 2024; 20:e2305982. [PMID: 37926794 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon is widely used in energy storage-conversion systems, and the question of how to explore an efficient strategy for preparation is very significant. Herein, the flame retardant capability of (NH4 )2 SO4 /Mg(OH)2 that contains gas phase-heat absorption-condensate phase components is assisted to carbonize coal tar pitch in air and obtain the porous carbon. The mechanism of stepwise inflaming retarding is systematically investigated. In the carbonization process in a muffle furnace, (NH4 )2 SO4 decomposes releasing gases at below 400 °C to act as the role of gas phase flame retardant. Mg(OH)2 starts to decompose at ≥ 400 °C, and it has the effect of heat absorption and condensed phase flame retardation (MgSO4 and MgO). What's more, the flame retardant also serves as an N, S source and template. The obtained porous carbon possesses an ultrahigh carbon yield of 56.9 wt.%, hierarchical pore structure, and multi-heteroatoms doping. It can still reach up to 244.7 F g-1 even loaded 20 mg of active material. In addition, the (NH4 )2 SO4 /agar gel electrolyte is synthesized, and the fabricated flexible ammonium ion capacitor exhibits a superior energy density of 40.8 Wh kg-1 . This work uncovers a new way to construct porous carbon, which is expected to synthesize more carbon materials using other carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Dongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Pengxu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Bolang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Dianzeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, P. R. China
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Komal Zafar H, Zainab S, Masood M, Sohail M, Shoaib Ahmad Shah S, Karim MR, O'Mullane A, Ostrikov KK, Will G, Wahab MA. Recent Advances on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons Towards Electrochemical Supercapacitor Applications. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300161. [PMID: 37582638 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to ever-increasing global energy demands and dwindling resources, there is a growing need to develop materials that can fulfil the World's pressing energy requirements. Electrochemical energy storage devices have gained significant interest due to their exceptional storage properties, where the electrode material is a crucial determinant of device performance. Hence, it is essential to develop 3-D hierarchical materials at low cost with precisely controlled porosity and composition to achieve high energy storage capabilities. After presenting the brief updates on porous carbons (PCs), then this review will focus on the nitrogen (N) doped porous carbon materials (NPC) for electrochemical supercapacitors as the NPCs play a vital role in supercapacitor applications in the field of energy storage. Therefore, this review highlights recent advances in NPCs, including developments in the synthesis of NPCs that have created new methods for controlling their morphology, composition, and pore structure, which can significantly enhance their electrochemical performance. The investigated N-doped materials a wide range of specific surface areas, ranging from 181.5 to 3709 m2 g-1 , signifies a substantial increase in the available electrochemically active surface area, which is crucial for efficient energy storage. Moreover, these materials display notable specific capacitance values, ranging from 58.7 to 754.4 F g-1 , highlighting their remarkable capability to effectively store electrical energy. The outstanding electrochemical performance of these materials is attributed to the synergy between heteroatoms, particularly N, and the carbon framework in N-doped porous carbons. This synergy brings about several beneficial effects including, enhanced pseudo-capacitance, improved electrical conductivity, and increased electrochemically active surface area. As a result, these materials emerge as promising candidates for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. The challenges and outlook in NPCs for supercapacitor applications are also presented. Overall, this review will provide valuable insights for researchers in electrochemical energy storage and offers a basis for fabricating highly effective and feasible supercapacitor electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Komal Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Zainab
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Masood
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad R Karim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Will
- Energy and Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Md A Wahab
- Energy and Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Wang C, Wang T, Liu Q, Jia W, Han X, Wu D. Starch-based porous carbon microsphere composited NiCo 2O 4 nanoflower as bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc-air battery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124604. [PMID: 37116841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
It is significant to explore and design outstanding bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts to promote the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc-air batteries. Herein, a novel porous carbon microspheres (CMS2) modified by NiCo2O4 nanoflower (CMS2-NiCo2O4) has been prepared as an ORR and OER catalyst. The hierarchical porous structure of CMS provides high conductivity and abundant active sites for ORR, whereas the synergistic effect of NiCo2O4 nanosheets and a small amount of FeZn oxides act as the positive phase for OER. The efficient oxygen catalytic activity is gained by creating a coupling interface between NiCo2O4 and CMS. The optimized CMS2-NiCo2O4 shows a half-wave potential of 0.82 V toward ORR and an overpotential of 392 mV toward OER. Particularly, CMS2-NiCo2O4 also exhibits an excellent peak power density (175.5 mW cm-2) as a catalyst for zinc-air batteries, which is superior to the commercial Pt/C + RuO2 catalyst (120.5 mW cm-2), and it also demonstrates a remarkable stability even after the charge-discharge cycles of 167 h. The prepared CMS2-NiCo2O4 is promising for the application of the bimetallic oxide catalyst for zinc-air battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caige Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China; Physics and Chemistry Analysis Center, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Dongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China.
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