|
1
|
Oswald T, Curtis S, Mckenzie M. The Importance of Abdominal Pain in the Elderly: An Unlikely Diagnosis of 17 cm Colo-Colonic Intussusception. Cureus 2024; 16:e68624. [PMID: 39371705 PMCID: PMC11451090 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.68624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an interesting case of a 17 cm colo-colonic intussusception involving the transverse colon, caecum, and distal small bowel in a previously healthy 79-year-old man. The patient presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of mild, left to right iliac fossa abdominal pain, with no other concerning symptoms. He had a CT of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast for suspected subacute bowel obstruction secondary to recurrent bowel cancer. This was reported as colo-colonic intussusception. Following a surgical review, he was transferred from the local district general hospital for an exploratory laparotomy and underwent a right hemicolectomy with primary ileocolonic anastomosis the same evening. The patient was discharged seven days later following an unremarkable post-operative recovery. Final histology confirmed a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the caecum with postoperative cancer staging as T2N0M0. Following discussion at the colorectal multidisciplinary meeting, no adjuvant therapy was advised, and he was placed on the standard colorectal cancer surveillance program for the next five years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Oswald
- Cardiology, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, GBR
| | - Sarah Curtis
- Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, GBR
| | - Malcolm Mckenzie
- Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, GBR
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Yamamoto A, Kessoku T, Ogata T, Jono T, Takahashi K, Tanaka K, Suzuki K, Takeda Y, Ozaki A, Kasai Y, Okubo N, Iwaki M, Kobayashi T, Misawa N, Yoshihara T, Suzuki A, Fuyuki A, Hasegawa S, Imajo K, Kobayashi N, Matsumoto M, Tamai N, Sanada H, Oyamada S, Ichikawa Y, Nakajima A. A Handheld Ultrasound Device Can Predict Constipation with Rectal Fecal Retention in a Palliative Care Setting. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1626. [PMID: 39125503 PMCID: PMC11311552 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14151626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although handheld ultrasound devices (HUDs) are commonplace, their ability to diagnose fecal retention (FR) remains unclear. This prospective observational study examined HUDs' usefulness in diagnosing FR in patients with constipation in a palliative care setting. Between 10 December 2020 and 30 June 2022, we compared rectal ultrasonographic findings obtained using HUDs with clinical manifestations in 64 males and 70 females (48%, 52%, 68 ± 11 years old) with constipation who had undergone computed tomography (CT). FR was diagnosed using a HUD and compared with CT and digital rectal examination (DRE) results. In total, 42 (31%), 42 (31%), and 41 (31%) patients were diagnosed using HUDs, CT, and DRE, respectively. Thirty-nine (93%) patients in the CT group were also diagnosed with FR using HUDs. A total of 89 of 92 patients with a negative CT diagnosis also had a negative HUD diagnosis. Among the 41 patients in the DRE group, 37 were also diagnosed with FR using HUDs. Among 93 patients with a negative DRE diagnosis, 86 had a negative HUD diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of HUDs for CT were 93%, 97%, 93%, and 97%, respectively. Those of HUDs for DRE were 88%, 94%, 86%, and 95%, respectively. The concordance rates for FR diagnosis were 128/134 for CT and HUDs and 123/134 for DRE and HUDs. HUD was useful for diagnosing FR in this setting. HUDs could provide valuable support for appropriate treatment selection. Developing a constipation treatment algorithm based on rectal ultrasonographic findings is warranted in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujisawa Syonandai Hospital, Fujisawa 252-0802, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Palliative Medicine, International University Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Narita 286-8520, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Narita 286-8520, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Tsumugi Jono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Kota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokosuka General Hospital Uwamachi, Yokosuka 238-0017, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Palliative Medicine, International University Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Narita 286-8520, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Narita 286-8520, Japan
| | - Ko Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Yuma Takeda
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.I.)
| | - Anna Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Yuki Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Naoki Okubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Noboru Misawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Tsutomu Yoshihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Akiko Fuyuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Palliative Care, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki 215-0026, Japan
| | - Sho Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki 215-0026, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Matsumoto
- School of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku 929-1210, Japan; (M.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Nao Tamai
- Department of Nursing, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Hiromi Sanada
- School of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku 929-1210, Japan; (M.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Shunsuke Oyamada
- Department of Biostatistics, JORTC Data Center, Tokyo 116-0013, Japan;
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.I.)
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.O.); (T.J.); (K.T.); (K.T.); (K.S.); (A.O.); (Y.K.); (N.O.); (M.I.); (T.K.); (N.M.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.H.); (K.I.); (A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Alattar Z, Keric N. Evaluation of Abdominal Emergencies. Surg Clin North Am 2023; 103:1043-1059. [PMID: 37838455 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Early primary assessment and abdominal examination can often be enough to triage the patient with abdominal pain into those with less severe underlying pathologic condition from those with more acute findings. A focused history of the patient can then allow the clinician to develop their differential diagnosis. Once the differential diagnoses are determined, diagnostic imaging and laboratory findings can help confirm the diagnosis and allow for expeditious treatment and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zana Alattar
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, 1441 North 12th Street, First Floor, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Natasha Keric
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix, 1441 North 12th Street, First Floor, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Liu YF, Chen J. Application effect of phloroglucinol injection in elderly patients with spastic abdominal pain in emergency department. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5440-5446. [PMID: 37637688 PMCID: PMC10450372 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although norepinephrine injection is commonly used in emergency situations, it is associated with risks for elderly patients with spasmodic liver pain. This study explores the safety and effectiveness of mebendazole injection, an alternative treatment option, for the emergency management of spasmodic abdominal pain, while minimizing adverse reactions, in elderly patients. AIM To explore the development of norepinephrine injection and the adverse reactions of this drug in emergency elderly patients with spasmodic liver pain. METHODS The control group consisted of 56 elderly patients visiting our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. After hospital admission, the control group was intravenously administered tolopin. The experimental group consisted of 56 emergency patients with spasmodic abdominal pain who visited our hospital until June 2022. After hospital admission, the experimental group was intravenously administered toloxazole. The two groups were treated for 3 d. The disappearance of clinical symptoms was observed before and after the treatment, and the difference in adverse reactions between the two groups was compared. RESULTS The pain of the wife, fire, diarrhea, drowning, and surrounding time disappeared in the experimental group. No statistical difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in visual pain analog scale (VAS) scores before and after the treatment (P > 0.05). The VAS scores of abdominal pain severity after 0.5 h, 1.0 h, and after 6.0 h of treatment were significantly lower for the experimental group than for the control group. After the treatment, the therapeutic effect in the experimental group was higher and statistically significant than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The probability of adverse reactions before the treatment was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSION During emergency, mebendazole injection exhibited a good therapeutic value when used for the clinical treatment of elderly patients with spasmodic stomach pain. It accelerated the disappearance of clinical symptoms such as stomach pain, reduced the stomach weight, and improved clinical activity. Reducing and promoting the frequency of high treatment safety with mebendazole injection is worthwhile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Emergency Medicine Department, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Mitigating the stress response to improve outcomes for older patients undergoing emergency surgery with the addition of beta-adrenergic blockade. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:799-810. [PMID: 33847766 PMCID: PMC9001541 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As population age, healthcare systems and providers are likely to experience a substantial increase in the proportion of elderly patients requiring emergency surgery. Emergency surgery, compared with planned surgery, is strongly associated with increased risks of adverse postoperative outcomes due to the short time available for diagnosis, optimization, and intervention in patients presenting with physiological derangement. These patient populations, who are often frail and burdened with a variety of co-morbidities, have lower reserves to deal with the stress of the acute condition and the required emergency surgical intervention. In this review article, we discuss topical areas where mitigation of the physiological stress posed by the acute condition and asociated surgical intervention may be feasible. We consider the impact of the adrenergic response and use of beta blockers for these high-risk patients and discuss common risk factors such as frailty and delirium. A proactive multidisciplinary approach to peri-operative care aimed at mitigation of the stress response and proactive management of common conditions in the older emergency surgical patient could yield more favorable outcomes.
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Almuebid AM, Alsadah ZY, Al Qattan H, Al Mulhim AA, Alfaraj D. Atypical Presentation of Perforated Viscus as Biliary Colic. Cureus 2021; 13:e12513. [PMID: 33425562 PMCID: PMC7788004 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer is a defect in the mucosal layer of the stomach or duodenum that extends into the deeper layers of their walls. Patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) may be asymptomatic or have mild abdominal discomfort. It is one of the common etiologies of perforated viscus resulting in secondary peritonitis, a life-threatening condition that carries high risk for morbidity and mortality especially in those who present late to the hospital or due to unrecognized and misdiagnosed perforation. Early detection of perforation of peptic ulcers should be based on clinical data and imaging techniques. We report a case of a 56-year-old female who presented to our ED with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain radiating to the right shoulder, alleviated by food, and not aggravated by anything. On examination, the patient was vitally stable, tenderness in the RUQ was appreciated, and Murphy sign was positive. Thus, she was diagnosed with perforation of anterior first part of the duodenum. What makes our case peculiar is the presentation of biliary colic in the setting of perforated peptic ulcer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Y Alsadah
- Emergency Medicine, King Fahad University Hospital, Alkhobar, SAU
| | | | | | - Dunya Alfaraj
- Emergency Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Fahad University Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Singla V, Chumber S, Damle NA, Rathore YS, Singh KJ, Vyas S, Nayer J, Ranjan P. The Utility of Metabolic Imaging in Patients with Obscure Abdominal Pain: Is it Required? Indian J Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
|
8
|
Shenvi CL, Platts-Mills TF. Managing the Elderly Emergency Department Patient. Ann Emerg Med 2019; 73:302-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
|
9
|
Boendermaker AE, Coolsma CW, Emous M, Ter Avest E. Efficacy of scheduled return visits for emergency department patients with non-specific abdominal pain. Emerg Med J 2018; 35:499-506. [PMID: 29860235 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2017-207338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many patients presenting with abdominal pain to emergency departments (EDs) are discharged without a definitive diagnosis. For these patients, often designated as having non-specific abdominal pain, re-evaluation is often advocated. We aimed to investigate how often re-evaluation changes the diagnosis and clinical management and discern factors that could help identify patients likely to benefit from re-evaluation. METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted in the Netherlands between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015 of patients asked to return to the ED after an initial presentation with acute non-traumatic abdominal pain. The primary outcome was a clinically relevant change in treatment (surgery, endoscopy during admission and/or hospitalisation) and diagnosis at ED re-evaluation within 30 hours. RESULTS During the 2-year study period, 358 ED patients with non-specific abdominal pain were scheduled for re-evaluation. Of these, 14% (11%-18%)) did not present for re-evaluation. Re-evaluation resulted in a clinically relevant change in diagnosis and treatment in, respectively, 21.3% (17%-29%)) and 22.3% (18%-27%)) of the subjects. Of the clinical, biochemical and radiological factors available at the index visit, C reactive protein (CRP) at the index visit predicted a change in treatment (CRP >27 mg/L likelihood ratio (LR)+ 1.69 (1.21-2.36)), while an increase in CRP of >25 mg/L between index and re-evaluation visit (LR+ 2.85 (1.88-4.32)) and the conduct of radiological studies at the re-evaluation visit were associated with changes in treatment (LR+ 3.05 (2.41-3.86)). CONCLUSION Re-evaluation within 30 hours for ED patients discharged with non-specific abdominal pain resulted in a clinically relevant change in diagnosis and therapy in almost one-quarter of patients. Elevated CRP at the index visit might assist in correctly identifying patients with a greater likelihood of needing treatment in follow-up, and a low threshold for radiological studies should be considered during re-evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Constant W Coolsma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Emous
- Department of Surgery, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Ewoud Ter Avest
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.,HEMS, Kent, Surrey and Sussex Air Ambulance Trust, Redhill, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Radwan RW, Tang AM, Beasley WD. Computed tomography as a first-line investigation for elderly patients admitted to a surgical assessment unit. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:285-289. [PMID: 29364008 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increases in life expectancy has meant that a higher proportion of patients presenting to surgical assessment units are now elderly. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) can provide early and accurate diagnosis in the elderly, even in the presence of incomplete clinical and biological findings. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of early CT imaging in elderly patients presenting directly to the surgical assessment unit. Materials and methods All consecutive patients aged 65 years and over admitted directly to the surgical assessment unit between January 2017 and April 2017 were identified. Data were collected on demographics, laboratory investigations, radiological investigations and hospital admission. The primary outcome measure was overall length of stay. Results A total of 200 consecutive patients were identified and included over a six-month period. This comprised 110 women and 90 men with a median age of 78 years (range 64-98 years). A total of 83 patients underwent CT on admission to the surgical assessment unit. White cell count (WCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) results were significantly higher in patients undergoing CT (P = 0.001). Median length of stay for patients undergoing CT was 5 days (range 1-19 days). This was significantly lower than those patients not receiving CT imaging, at 6 days (range 1-105 days; P = 0.034). Discussion CT should be considered as a first-line investigation when elderly patients with an acute abdomen are admitted to surgical assessment units. Early CT can accelerate hospital discharge and decrease overall length of hospital stay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Radwan
- Department of General Surgery, West Wales General Hospital , Carmarthen , UK
| | - A M Tang
- Department of General Surgery, West Wales General Hospital , Carmarthen , UK
| | - W D Beasley
- Department of General Surgery, West Wales General Hospital , Carmarthen , UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Treuer R. DOLOR ABDOMINAL AGUDO EN EL ADULTO MAYOR. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
|
12
|
|
|
13
|
Abstract
Abdominal pain in the elderly can be a challenging and difficult condition to diagnose and treat. The geriatric population has significant comorbidities and often takes polypharmacy that can mask symptoms. The presentation of common conditions can be different than that in the younger population, often lacking the traditional indicators of disease, making it of pivotal importance for the clinician to consider a wide differential during their workup. It is also important to consider extra-abdominal abnormality that may manifest as abdominal pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leuthauser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bay of Plenty District Health Board, Tauranga Hospital, Cameron Road, Private bag 12024, Tauranga 3142, New Zealand.
| | - Benjamin McVane
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 gustav levy place, New York, NY 10028, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Impact of CT in elderly patients presenting to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 40:2877-82. [PMID: 25862547 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to document the clinical impact of CT in elderly patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal pain. METHODS This retrospective IRB-approved study from 2006 to 2013 evaluated 464 patients ≥80 years (mean 89 years, range 80-100: M150, W314), who presented to the ED with acute abdominal symptoms and underwent CT. CTs were divided into those negative and positive for actionable findings, defined as potentially requiring a change in surgical or medical management. Physician diagnosis, treatment plan, and disposition before and after CT were reviewed in the electronic medical record to assess CT influence on management and disposition. CT diagnosis was confirmed with final clinical diagnosis, surgical intervention, pathology, and follow-up. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS CTs were positive in 55%. The most common diagnoses were SBO (18%), diverticulitis (9%), non-ischemic vascular-related emergency (6%), bowel ischemia (4%), appendicitis (3%), and colonic obstruction (2%). These diagnoses were clinically unsuspected prior to CT in 43% (p < 0.05), with significant difficultly in diagnosing SBO (p < 0.05), diverticulitis (p < 0.01), and colonic obstruction (p < 0.01). Positive CT results influenced treatment plans in 65%, surgical in 48%, and medical in 52%. Disposition from the ED was significantly affected by CT (p < 0.001), 65% of admissions with positive CT (p < 0.001) and 63% of discharges with negative CT (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Utilization of abdominopelvic CT in geriatric patients presenting to the ED with acute abdominal symptoms strongly influences clinical management and significantly affects disposition. As the US population ages, the clinical impact of emergent CT in the elderly will intensify.
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Yabunaka K, Matsuo J, Hara A, Takii M, Nakagami G, Gotanda T, Nishimura G, Sanada H. Sonographic Visualization of Fecal Loading in Adults. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479314566045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare ultrasonographic assessment of fecal loading in adults with that of computed tomography. Ultrasonography (US) was performed on 43 adult patients immediately after abdominal computed tomography images had identified fecal loading in their colons. In 18 of 43 patients (haustrations-visualized cases), fecal loading was detected as crescent-shaped acoustic shadows associated with haustrations behind the strong echoes off the colon wall. In the remaining 25 patients (haustrations-not-visualized cases), fecal loading was detected as attenuating echoes with multiple high echoic spots behind weak high echoes off the colon wall in 17 patients and similar to those seen in the haustrations-visualized cases but without haustrations in 8 patients. US can be used for qualitative assessment of fecal loading in the colon. This new technique is simple and noninvasive and can be used concomitantly with physical examination to assess severity of constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yabunaka
- Department of Ultrasound, Katsuragi Hospital, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jyunko Matsuo
- Faculty of Nursing, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Hara
- Faculty of Nursing, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Gojiro Nakagami
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Gotanda
- Department of Radiological Science, Junshin Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Genichi Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kanazawa Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sanada
- Faculty of Nursing, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Spangler R, Van Pham T, Khoujah D, Martinez JP. Abdominal emergencies in the geriatric patient. Int J Emerg Med 2014; 7:43. [PMID: 25635203 PMCID: PMC4306086 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-014-0043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal pain is one of the most frequent reasons that elderly people visit the emergency department (ED). In this article, we review the deadliest causes of abdominal pain in this population, including mesenteric ischemia, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and appendicitis and potentially lethal non-abdominal causes. We also highlight the pitfalls in diagnosing, or rather misdiagnosing, these clinical entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Spangler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | - Thuy Van Pham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | - Danya Khoujah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| | - Joseph P Martinez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore 21201, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
North JB, Blackford FJ, Wall D, Allen J, Faint S, Ware RS, Rey-Conde T. Analysis of the causes and effects of delay before diagnosis using surgical mortality data. Br J Surg 2012; 100:419-25. [PMID: 23225342 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.8986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess the causes and effects of delay in diagnosis in surgical patients who died in 20 public hospitals participating in the Queensland Audit of Surgical Mortality (QASM) in Australia. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis (June 2007 to December 2011) of deaths reported to QASM. Deaths were assigned to one of two groups (no delay or delay in diagnosis). Logistic regression was used to compare the association of delay with surgical complications, both overall and by surgical specialty. RESULTS A total of 3139 deaths were reported. Diagnostic delay was reported in 293 (9·3 per cent). The primary cause of delay was attributed to diagnostic support services (41·7 per cent). Some 174 (13·8 per cent) of 1259 general (gastrointestinal) surgery patients experienced delayed diagnosis. Delay across all surgical specialties was associated with an increased risk of unplanned return to theatre (odds ratio (OR) 1·77, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·24 to 2·52), of being treated in intensive care (OR 1·71, 1·15 to 2·54) and of postoperative complications (OR 1·39, 1·05 to 1·85). CONCLUSION General (gastrointestinal) surgery patients who experienced delayed diagnosis were at increased risk of postoperative complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B North
- Queensland Audit of Surgical Mortality, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Enhancing ED triage to accommodate the special needs of geriatric patients. J Emerg Nurs 2010; 39:309-14. [PMID: 23647994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
|
19
|
Lee WS, Park KH, Lee HJ, Sung NJ. A Case of Myofascial Pain Syndrome of the Iliopsoas Muscle Undiagnosed for 3 Years with Chronic Abdominal Pain. Korean J Fam Med 2010. [DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.2.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki-Heum Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nak-Jin Sung
- Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Kim PK, Dorshimer GW. Case report: peptic ulcer disease in a professional athlete. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2009; 37:136-40. [PMID: 20048520 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2009.06.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common problem that affects 4 million people in the United States. Although its prevalence has not been studied in the athletic population, one would suspect PUD would affect athletes at a similar rate or higher based on the predispositions to certain risk factors of this disease. This case report addresses the particular predispositions for PUD in a professional football athlete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Kim
- University of Pennsylvania, Presyterian Medical Center, 6th Floor, Mutch Building, 51 North 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Abstract
Despite the introduction of histamine H2-receptor antagonists, proton-pump inhibitors and the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, both the incidence of emergency surgery for perforated peptic ulcer and the mortality rate for patients undergoing surgery for peptic ulcer perforation have increased. This increase has occurred despite improvements in perioperative treatment and monitoring. To improve the outcome of these patients, it is necessary to investigate the reasons behind this high mortality rate. In this review we evaluate the existing evidence in order to identify significant risk factors with an emphasis on risks that are preventable. A systematic review including randomized studies was carried out. There are a limited number of studies of patients with peptic ulcer perforation. Most of these studies are of low evident status. Only a few randomized, controlled trials have been published. The mortality rate and the extent of postoperative complications are fairly high but the reasons for this have not been thoroughly explained, even though a number of risk factors have been identified. Some of these risk factors can be explained by the septic state of the patient on admission. In order to improve the outcome of patients with peptic ulcer perforation, sepsis needs to be factored into the existing knowledge and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hylander Møller
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Abbas SM, Smithers T, Truter E. What clinical and laboratory parameters determine significant intra abdominal pathology for patients assessed in hospital with acute abdominal pain? World J Emerg Surg 2007; 2:26. [PMID: 17894892 PMCID: PMC2116997 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7922-2-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal pain is a common cause for emergency admission. While some patients have serious abdominal pathology, a significant group of those patients have no specific cause for the pain. This study was conducted to identify those who have non-specific abdominal pain who can be either admitted short term for observation or reassured and discharged for outpatient management. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective documentation of clinical and laboratory data was obtained on a consecutive cohort of 286 patients who were admitted to a surgical unit over a nine month period with symptoms of abdominal pain regarded severe enough for full assessment in the casualty department and admission to a surgical ward. The patients were followed until a definite diagnosis was made or the patient's condition and abdominal pain improved and the patient discharged. The hospital where the study took place is a small peripheral general hospital draining a population of 120,000 people in a rural area in New Zealand. RESULTS There were 286 admissions to the emergency department. Logistic regression multivariate statistical analysis showed that guarding raised white cells count, tachycardia and vomiting were the only variables associated with significant pathology. CONCLUSION Patients with no vomiting, no guarding, who have normal pulse rates and normal white cell counts are unlikely to have significant pathology requiring further active intervention either medical or surgical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M Abbas
- Middlemore Hospital, Department of surgery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy Smithers
- Roturoa Hospital, Department of surgery, Rotorua, Hospital Road, New Zealand
| | - Etienne Truter
- Roturoa Hospital, Department of surgery, Rotorua, Hospital Road, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
|
|
24
|
Abstract
Evaluation of the elderly patient with acute abdominal pain is sometimes difficult. Various factors can obscure the presentation, delaying or preventing the correct diagnosis and leading to adverse patient outcomes. Clinicians must consider multiple diagnoses, especially those life-threatening conditions that require timely intervention to limit morbidity and mortality. This article reviews abdominal pain in the elderly, discusses the clinical approach, and highlights key diagnostic considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest L Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, 3401 North Broad Street, 1011, 10th Floor Jones Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|