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Pasinszki T, Prasad SS, Krebsz M. Quantitative determination of heavy metal contaminants in edible soft tissue of clams, mussels, and oysters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1066. [PMID: 37598134 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are important sources of healthy and nutritious foods; however, clams, mussels, and oysters (the bivalves most consumed by humans) can pose considerable health risks to consumers if contaminated by heavy metals in polluted areas. These organisms can accumulate dangerously high concentrations of heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Hg, Pb) in their soft tissues that can then be transferred to humans following ingestion. Monitoring contaminants in clams, mussels and oysters and their environments is critically important for global human health and food security, which requires reliable measurement of heavy-metal concentrations in the soft tissues. The aim of our present paper is to provide a review of how heavy metals are quantified in clams, mussels, and oysters. We do this by evaluating sample-preparation methods (i.e., tissue digestion / extraction and analyte preconcentration) and instrumental techniques (i.e., atomic, fluorescence and mass spectrometric methods, chromatography, neutron activation analysis and electrochemical sensors) that have been applied for this purpose to date. Application of these methods, their advantages, limitations, challenges and expected future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Pasinszki
- College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Fiji National University, P.O. Box 3722, Samabula, Suva, Fiji.
| | - Shilvee S Prasad
- College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Fiji National University, P.O. Box 3722, Samabula, Suva, Fiji
| | - Melinda Krebsz
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Kim JJ, Delisle K, Brown TM, Ross PS, Noël M. Sediment Spatial Distribution and Quality Assessment of Metals in Chinook Salmon and Resident Killer Whale Marine Habitat in British Columbia, Canada. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00244-023-01013-1. [PMID: 37452195 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
At-risk resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) populations of the northeastern Pacific, Canada, and their main prey, Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), are exposed to a variety of contaminants including chemical elements from both natural and anthropogenic sources, which may be constraining their recovery. Concentrations of 36 chemical elements in subtidal surface sediments (1-435 m depth) collected from 98 sites along the British Columbia coast were used to characterize coast-wide patterns, and a subset of metals (mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb)) were selected to assess Chinook Salmon and resident killer whale marine habitat quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a dominance of Hg, antimony (Sb), Pb, Cu, and zinc (Zn) for Prince Rupert Harbour, Victoria Harbour, and Burrard Inlet, suggesting local sources. Based on the PCA, geochemical properties such as total organic carbon (TOC), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and pH explained the spatial distribution of all elements in sediment (p < 0.001). Mercury, Cd, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb hotspots were identified along the coast of Vancouver Island, the central and north coast, in the Strait of Georgia, and Haida Gwaii. Bischof Island of Haida Gwaii and Ardmillan Bay on the central coast were most contaminated and enriched by Cd, determined by geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF), respectively. Marine habitat quality was assessed by comparing metal concentrations to Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). Chinook Salmon populations may be indirectly affected by metal toxicity (As > Cd and Cu > Ni > Hg > Pb) to lower trophic level prey species. Toxicity related impacts to benthic organisms as a result of exposure to elevated Cd and As concentrations in Northern Resident Killer Whale critical habitat and to Hg, Cd, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb concentrations in Southern Resident Killer Whale critical habitat may indirectly pose a threat to resident killer whale populations, highlighting a need for management actions to reduce risks associated with these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Kim
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kelsey Delisle
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tanya M Brown
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter S Ross
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Sidney, BC, Canada
| | - Marie Noël
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Han YJ, Liang RZ, Li HS, Gu YG, Jiang SJ, Man XT. Distribution, Multi-Index Assessment, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Zhelin Bay, a Typical Mariculture Area in Southern China. TOXICS 2023; 11:150. [PMID: 36851025 PMCID: PMC9961395 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, multi-index assessment, and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were investigated. Average heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) were 81.89 (Cr), 770.76 (Mn), 16.81 (Co), 62.25 (Ni), 96.30 (Cu), 162.04 (Zn), and 73.40 (Pb), with the concentrations of studied seven heavy metals being significantly higher than their corresponding background values. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) were implemented to assess degree of heavy metal contamination. The Igeo and PLI indicated that Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, and Pb were slightly polluted, and Cu and Ni were moderately polluted in the region. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and mean possible effect level (PEL) quotient were conducted to assess ecological risk. The RI and mean PEL quotient demonstrated that surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were slight ecological risks and exhibited a 21% probability of toxicity. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the correlation analysis (CA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HAC) revealed that the heavy metal contamination in Zhelin Bay might originate from three type sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Han
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Rui-Ze Liang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Song Li
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang-Guang Gu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Shi-Jun Jiang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 245700, China
| | - Xiang-Tian Man
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Zhang S, Wang T, Wang H, Kang Q, Zhou Q, Chen B. Spatial Pattern, Sources Identification, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Typical Soda Soil from Bayannur, Northwestern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13880. [PMID: 36360760 PMCID: PMC9656825 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil is an important natural resource in the agricultural areas of northwest China. The heavy metal concentration and ecological risk assessments are crucial for food safety and human health. This work collected 35 surface soil samples and focused on a typical soda soil quality of the Hetao Plain in Bayannur, which is an important grain production base in northern China. The concentration and composition of heavy metal (arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn)), soluble salts, total organic carbon (TOC), and minerals of the surface soils were analyzed to assess the biotoxicity, ecological risk, sources, and influencing factors of heavy metals in these soda soil from this region. The enrichment factors (EF) showed that As, Co, Cu, and Pb were not contaminated in these soils, while Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Zn were lightly contaminated. The index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) for the soda soils indicated that Co and Pb were uncontaminated, and Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cu, and As were lightly contaminated. The potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated there were no or low risks for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Although the concentrations of Cd and Hg in the soil were low, the two heavy metals exhibited moderate-high ecological risk because they have high biological toxicity. Cd in the soils from Hetao Plain in Bayannur is mainly exchangeable and reducible fractions. The other heavy metals in these soda soils are mainly in residue fraction, implying that their mobility is low and not easily absorbed and used by plants. Heavy metal fractions, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis showed that As, Co, Cr, Cu, and Pb were mainly from natural sources, while Ni, Cd, and Zn were mainly from anthropogenic discharge-related irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticide application, and Hg was mainly from winter snowfall in the study area. Naturally sourced metal elements have obvious sediment properties, and their adsorption by clay minerals and coupling with organic matter along with sediment transport sorting. The salinity and pH of soda soils in the study area have a highly positive correlation, hence the influence of factors on the concentrations of soil heavy metals are consistent. For anthropogenically imported heavy metals, increasing salinity and pH promote the precipitation of metallic elements in water. Cd is present as an exchangeable and reducible fraction, while Ni and Zn are mainly sequestered by organic matter and clay minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncun Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Salinization Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Salinization Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Kang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Materials and Safety Technology, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 515000, China
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Birch GF, Lee JH, Gunns T, Besley CH. Unusually high sedimentary metal concentrations in intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) in the northern lagoons of Sydney (Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112851. [PMID: 34411956 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental status of three Intermittently Closed and Open Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs) (Manly, Curl Curl and Dee Why Lagoons) in northern Sydney (Australia) were assessed using sedimentary metals. Results identified the highest sedimentary metal enrichment in the Australian central east coast estuaries, with only a moderate ecological risk. A comparison with surficial sediment concentrations from 1996 to 2008 indicated declining metal concentrations, which is largely supported by subsurface metals data. Extensive low-lying areas of the catchments were historically reclaimed by infilling wetlands, which may have resulted in contaminated groundwater influx to the lagoons. An analysis of the sedimentary metals mix in lagoons surrounded by extensive infilling and estuaries with minor reclamation were statistically distinct. ICOLLs are environmentally sensitive due to large catchment/estuary ratios and restricted access to the ocean. A full set of baseline data is provided to support future monitoring of anthropogenic impacts on the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - J-H Lee
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Lotsearch, Milsons Point, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Gunns
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C H Besley
- Monitoring, Design and Reporting, Customer Delivery, Sydney Water, NSW 2143, Australia
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Kwasigroch U, Bełdowska M, Jędruch A, Łukawska-Matuszewska K. Distribution and bioavailability of mercury in the surface sediments of the Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35690-35708. [PMID: 33675497 PMCID: PMC8277639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the level of mercury (Hg) and its labile and stable forms in the surface sediments of the Baltic Sea. The work considers the impact of current and historical sources of Hg on sediment pollution, together with the influence of different environmental parameters, including water inflows from the North Sea. Surface sediments (top 5 cm) were collected in 2016-2017 at 91 stations located in different areas of the Baltic Sea, including Belt Sea, Arkona Basin, Bornholm Basin, Gdańsk Basin, West Gotland Basin, East Gotland Basin, and the Bothnian Sea. Besides, the particulate matter suspended in the surface and near-bottom water was also collected. The analysis of total Hg concentration and individual Hg forms in collected samples was carried out using a 5-step thermodesorption method. This method allows for the identification of three labile and thus biologically available, fractions of Hg, which are mercury halides, organic Hg, mercury oxide and sulphate. Two stable fractions, mercury sulphide and residual Hg, were also determined. The highest Hg concentrations, reaching 341 ng g-1, were measured in the highly industrialised Kiel Bay, which was additionally a munition dumping site during and after World War II. High Hg level, ranging from 228 to 255 ng g-1, was also recorded in the surface sediments of the Arkona Basin, which was a result of the cumulative effect of several factors, such as deposition of Hg-rich riverine matter, favourable hydrodynamic conditions and military activities in the past. The relatively elevated Hg concentrations, varying from 60 to 264 ng g-1, were found in the Gdańsk Basin, a region under strong anthropopressure and dominated by soft sediments. The sum of labile Hg in sediments was high and averaged 67% (with the domination of organic Hg compounds), which means that a large part of Hg can be released to the water column. It was found that the water inflows from the North Sea intensify the remobilisation of Hg and its transformation into bioavailable labile forms. As a consequence, the load of Hg introduced into the trophic chain can increase. Despite the significant reduction of Hg emission into the Baltic in the last decades, surface sediments can be an important secondary Hg source in the marine ecosystem. This is especially dangerous in the case of the western Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kwasigroch
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bełdowska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jędruch
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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Mirza R, Moeinaddini M, Pourebrahim S, Zahed MA. Contamination, ecological risk and source identification of metals by multivariate analysis in surface sediments of the khouran Straits, the Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:526-535. [PMID: 31590820 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are important hosts for metals and such should be incorporated in aquatic environment monitoring programs. In the present study, the concentrations of metals, multiple geochemical indices and guidelines along with multivariate statistical analysis were applied to identify the accumulation, sources and pollution levels of metals in the surface sediment. The mean metal concentrations in the sediments were ranked as follows: Fe > Cr > Ni > V > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Based on the geo-accumulation index and multiple pollution indices the overall pattern of environmental quality status of the khouran Straits were uncontaminated to slightly polluted. Pearson correlation matrix combined with multivariate principal component analysis and cluster analysis suggest that Cd and Pb originated from anthropogenic sources, whereas Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, V and Cr mostly originated both from natural processes and human activities with predominant anthropogenic influence in the investigated ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Mirza
- Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mazaher Moeinaddini
- Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Shrareh Pourebrahim
- Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Zahed
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, No.43, South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
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Huang B, Guo Z, Xiao X, Zeng P, Peng C. Changes in chemical fractions and ecological risk prediction of heavy metals in estuarine sediments of Chunfeng Lake estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:575-583. [PMID: 30660308 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The changes of available forms of heavy metals would affect their corresponding ecological risks in sediments. The distribution of chemical fractions of heavy metals in sediment profiles from Chunfeng Lake estuary was investigated and then a prediction model for potential ecological risk index (PMRI) was proposed to forecast the changes of ecological risks caused by the aging process of metals in sediments. The results show that the estuarine sediments were polluted by As and Cd. The proportions of available metals were generally decreased with depth, while those of the residual forms showed an opposite trend. The aging rates of Cd and As were found to be 0.21 and 0.12%/year, respectively. The PMRI model showed that the total ecological risk of metals in sediments decreased from moderate to low risk level (<150) after 25 years, while cadmium would need 47 years in contrast to the 15 years for As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China; Yueyang Environmental Monitoring Centre, Yueyang 414000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
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Jahan S, Strezov V. Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of seaports of NSW, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 128:295-306. [PMID: 29571376 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sediments samples from six seaports of NSW, Australia were analysed for the presence of metal contamination. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk (PER) and sediment pollution index (SPI) along with multivariate statistical analysis were used to identify the pollution pattern and possible sources of metals in the ports. The results demonstrate Cu, Pb and Zn pollution (Igeo > 5) at most sites and enrichment of As, Ni, Mn (EF > 3) and other metals. The PER recommends serious pollution at Port Kembla and Eden. By contrast, PLI and SPI demonstrate high contamination in all ports with exception of Port Botany and Yamba. PCA and cluster analysis detected major groups of elements in which three distinct clusters of pollutants and sites were apparent by dendrogram which portray simple and effective baseline scenarios for port activity-related quality assessment of surface sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayka Jahan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
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Al Rashdi MR, Alaabed S, El Tokhi M, Howari FM, El Mowafi W, Arabi AA. Distribution of heavy metals around the Barakah nuclear power plant in the United Arab Emirates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19835-19851. [PMID: 28685343 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy was used to measure the concentrations of heavy metals in 58 samples collected from the Barakah nuclear power plant (BNPP) area, UAE. The grain size distribution was symmetric, but the samples ranged from fine to coarse sand. The inverse relationship between grain size and heavy metal contaminations was validated. The pre-operational average heavy metal contaminations around the BNPP were 0.03, 0.40, 1.2, 2.05, 1.66, 1.6, 5.9, 7.3, 7, 8.8, 60, and 2521 ppm for Cd, Mo, Co, Cu, Pb, As, Zn, Ni, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe, respectively. The spatial distribution was more compact in the south compared to the north, with less severe contaminations in the east and west. The negative geoaccumulation indices suggest an uncontaminated area, and the BNPP has minor enrichments. All concentrations were significantly below the safe limits set by the Dutch guidelines. The levels of heavy metals reported in the UAE were lower than levels reported in countries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouza Rashid Al Rashdi
- Geology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulaiman Alaabed
- Geology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed El Tokhi
- Geology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fares M Howari
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Walid El Mowafi
- Federal Authority of Nuclear Regulation, PO Box 1122021, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alya A Arabi
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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11
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Beattie RE, Henke W, Davis C, Mottaleb MA, Campbell JH, McAliley LR. Quantitative analysis of the extent of heavy-metal contamination in soils near Picher, Oklahoma, within the Tar Creek Superfund Site. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:89-95. [PMID: 28063319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Tri-State Mining District of Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma was the site of large-scale mining operations primarily for lead and zinc until the mid-1950s. Although mining across the area has ceased, high concentrations of heavy metals remain in the region's soil and water systems. The town of Picher, Ottawa County, OK, lies within this district and was included in the Tar Creek Superfund Site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1980 due to extensive contamination. To elucidate the extent of heavy-metal contamination, a soil-chemistry survey of the town of Picher was conducted. Samples (n = 111) were collected from mine tailings, locally known as chat, in Picher and along cardinal-direction transects within an 8.05-km radius of the town in August 2015. Samples were analyzed for soil pH, moisture, and metal content. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) analyses of 20 metals showed high concentrations of lead (>1000 ppm), cadmium (>40 ppm) and zinc (>4000 ppm) throughout the sampled region. Soil moisture content ranged from 0.30 to 35.9%, and pH values ranged from 5.14 to 7.42. MANOVA of metal profiles determined that soils collected from the north transect and chat were significantly different (p < 0.01) than other sampled directions. Lead, cadmium and zinc were correlated with one another. These data show an unequal distribution of contamination surrounding the Picher mining site. Mapping heavy-metal contamination in these soils represents the first step in understanding the distribution of these contaminants at the Picher mining site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle E Beattie
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
| | - Wyatt Henke
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
| | - Conor Davis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
| | - M Abdul Mottaleb
- Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
| | - James H Campbell
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
| | - L Rex McAliley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
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12
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Birch GF. Assessment of human-induced change and biological risk posed by contaminants in estuarine/harbour sediments: Sydney Harbour/estuary (Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 116:234-248. [PMID: 28088369 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple yet scientifically sound scheme providing two important types of information used in assessment of estuarine sediments is presented. The mean enrichment quotient (MEQ) (fine contemporary sediment metal concentration/fine fraction background metal concentration) for Cu, Pb and Zn provides the magnitude of human-induced change, (deviation from the pristine condition), while sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) assess the risk posed by sedimentary contaminants to the benthic community. Maximum metal enrichment for sediment in Sydney estuary (Australia) is >100 times for Cu, Pb and Zn and the MEQ is >10 times for most of the estuary. Adverse effect on benthic populations due to Cu, Pb and Zn are expected in 2%, 50% and 36% of the waterway, respectively. SQGs for contaminant mixtures predict ~2% of the estuary has the highest risk of adverse effects, while 25% has intermediate risk. The scheme is well suited to initial assessments of estuarine sediments worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Environmental Geology Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Hakima Z, Mohamed M, Aziza M, Mehdi M, Meryem EB, Bendahhou Z, Jean-Francois B. Environmental and ecological risk of heavy metals in the marine sediment from Dakhla Bay, Morocco. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7970-7981. [PMID: 28105597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal assessment in Dakhla Bay (Atlantic coast) was carried out using different environmental and ecological indices. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using ICP-AES and were compared with consensus-based sediment quality guidelines. The distribution of heavy metal concentrations varies for the three groups: (i) lead distribution is dominated by its associations with copper and chromium. These elements have the same source, most probably related to anthropogenic activities. (ii) Nickel, zinc and cobalt are associated with aluminium and iron indicating their terrigenous origin (natural content), and (iii) cadmium concentration is related to upwelling currents. This paper systematically studied the distributions and pollution levels of heavy metals in sediment in the coastal areas in Dakhla Bay, which is of scientific significance, to discuss the changing rules and the affecting factors of the harmful heavy metals and can be adopted for reference to other coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidane Hakima
- National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Maanan Mohamed
- LETG-Nantes, UMR 6554, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Mouradi Aziza
- Marine Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Maanan Mehdi
- Earth Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, University Hassan II Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - El Barjy Meryem
- Marine Geosciences Laboratory (URAC 45), Faculty of Sciences, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Zourarah Bendahhou
- Marine Geosciences Laboratory (URAC 45), Faculty of Sciences, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Blais Jean-Francois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, Edmonton, Canada
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Pejman A, Nabi Bidhendi G, Ardestani M, Saeedi M, Baghvand A. Fractionation of heavy metals in sediments and assessment of their availability risk: A case study in the northwestern of Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:881-887. [PMID: 27863880 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sequential extraction procedure was applied to determine the chemical forms of heavy metals in sediments in order to assess their mobility and availability in the aquatic environment. The mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in exchangeable and carbonate fractions were 14.9, 30.9, 17, 0.37, 4.4 and 14.4mg/kg, respectively. Based on the sediments quality guidelines (SQGs), the adverse biological effects caused by Ni, can occur frequently across the study area. Risk assessment code (RAC) suggested that the Cd has the highest level of environmental risk compared with other studied metals. Modified risk assessment code (mRAC) demonstrated a high potential adverse effect in the many of sampling sites. According to the fractionation results, the concentration of Ni in exchangeable and carbonate fractions was very considerable and more than other metals, hence, the potential risk of nickel release can be much more than other investigated metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Pejman
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mojtaba Ardestani
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeedi
- Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-163, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Baghvand
- Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Ali U, Malik RN, Syed JH, Mehmood CT, Sánchez-García L, Khalid A, Chaudhry MJI. Mass burden and estimated flux of heavy metals in Pakistan coast: sedimentary pollution and eco-toxicological concerns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4316-4326. [PMID: 25296937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal contamination in coastal areas poses a serious threat to aquatic life and public health due to their high toxicity and bio-accumulation potential. In the present study, levels of different heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, and Mn), their spatial distribution, geochemical status, and enrichment indices (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn) were investigated in the sediment samples from 18 coastal sites of Pakistan. The analyses of coastal sediments indicated the presence of heavy metals in order such as Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Mn > Co > Cd. Geo-accumulation index (I geo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF) showed diverse range in heavy-metal enrichment site by site. Pollution load index (PLI) has shown that average pollution load along the entire coastal belt was not significant. Based on the mean effect range medium quotient, coastal sediments of Pakistan had 21% probability of toxicity. The estimated sedimentary load of selected heavy metals was recorded in the range of 0.3-44.7 g/cm(2)/year, while the depositional flux was in the range of 0.07-43.5 t/year. Heavy-metal inventories of 9.8 × 10(2)-3.8 × 10(5) t were estimated in the coastal sediments of Pakistan. The enrichment and contamination factors (EF and CF) suggested significant influence of anthropogenic and industrial activities along the coastal belt of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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16
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Zhang C, Yu ZG, Zeng GM, Jiang M, Yang ZZ, Cui F, Zhu MY, Shen LQ, Hu L. Effects of sediment geochemical properties on heavy metal bioavailability. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 73:270-81. [PMID: 25173943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As the largest container and resource of metals, sediment has a special role in the fate of metals. Factors influencing bioavailability of heavy metals in sediment have never been comprehensively considered and the sediment properties still fail to understand and even controversial. In this review, the mechanisms of sediment properties such as acid-volatile sulfides (AVS), organic matter, texture (clay, silt or sand) and geology, organism behaviors as well as those influencing the bioavailability of metals were analyzed. Under anoxic condition, AVS mainly reduce the solubility and toxicity of metals, while organic matters, Fe-Mn oxides, clay or silt can stabilize heavy metals in elevated oxidative-reductive potential (ORP). Other factors including the variation of pH, redox potential, aging as well as nutrition and the behavior of benthic organism in sediment also largely alter metals mobility and distribution. These factors are often inter-related, and various toxicity assessment methods used to evaluate the bioavailability of trace metals have been also discussed. Additionally, we expect that some novel synthetic materials like polysulfides, nano-materials, provide the substantial amendments for metals pollution in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhi-gang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guang-ming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhong-zhu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fang Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Meng-ying Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liu-qing Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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17
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Zhuang W, Gao X. Integrated assessment of heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay and the coastal waters of the Zhangzi Island, China: comparison among typical marine sediment quality indices. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94145. [PMID: 24709993 PMCID: PMC3978014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The total concentrations and chemical forms of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay and the surrounding marine area of the Zhangzi Island (hereafter referred to as Zhangzi Island for short) were obtained and multiple indices and guidelines were applied to assess their contamination and ecological risks. The sedimentary conditions were fine in both of the two studied areas according to the marine sediment quality of China. Whereas the probable effects level guideline suggested that Ni might cause adverse biological effects to occur frequently in some sites. All indices used suggested that Cd posed the highest environmental risk in both the Laizhou Bay and the Zhangzi Island, though Cd may unlikely be harmful to human and ecological health due to the very low total concentrations. The enrichment factor (EF) showed that a substantial portion of Cr was delivered from anthropogenic sources, whereas the risk assessment code (RAC) indicated that most Cr was in an inactive state that it may not have any adverse effect either. Moreover, the results of EF and geoaccumulation index were consistent with the trend of the total metal concentrations except for Cd, while the results of RAC and potential ecological risk factor did not follow the same trend of their corresponding total metal concentrations. We also evaluated the effects of using different indices to assess the environmental impact of these heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Birch GF, Chang CH, Lee JH, Churchill LJ. The use of vintage surficial sediment data and sedimentary cores to determine past and future trends in estuarine metal contamination (Sydney estuary, Australia). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 454-455:542-561. [PMID: 23570910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the present investigation were to determine past trends in sediment contamination and possibly predict future trends. Multiple vintages of surficial sediment metal data, from a quasi-decadal 'Status and Trends' programme, were used to provide large-scale spatial information on current status and temporal change. This information was augmented by sediment cores, specifically located to verify surface sediment data and to determine trends at major points of stormwater discharge. The data obtained indicate that surficial sediment metal concentrations have declined, since about the early 1990s, in extensive parts of the upper and central estuaries and have increased slightly in the lower estuary, due mainly to a down-estuary shift in industry and urbanisation. Declining surficial sediment metal concentrations is due to a movement of industry out of the catchment, especially from foreshore areas and the introduction of regulation, which prevent pollutants being discharged directly to the estuary. The major present-day source of metals is stormwater, with minor inputs from the main estuary channel into embayments and runoff from previously contaminated mainland sites. Modelled relaxation rates are optimistic as high metal concentrations in stormwater will slow predicted rates. Stormwater remediation should be the main managerial focus for this estuary. Multiple vintages of surficial sediment metal data covering the past 30 years, supplemented by sedimentary core data, have allowed past and future contamination trends to be determined. This type of science-based information provides an important tool for strategic management of this iconic waterway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Environmental Geology Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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19
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Qiao Y, Yang Y, Gu J, Zhao J. Distribution and geochemical speciation of heavy metals in sediments from coastal area suffered rapid urbanization, a case study of Shantou Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 68:140-146. [PMID: 23290610 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Eight metals in sediment samples at 15 sites from the Shantou Bay were analyzed with BCR sequential extraction protocol to obtain the metal distribution patterns in the bay. The results showed that the heavy metal pollutions in upper bay were more severe than in middle and down reaches of the bay. Both total and non-residual fractions of metals with a exception of Mn showed a seaward decrease trend. More than 54% of the total concentrations of Cd, Mn and Zn existed in the acid soluble fraction. Ni, Co, Cr and Fe mainly (more than 51%) occurred in the residual fraction. While Pb and Cu dominantly presented in the reducible (50%) and oxidable (33%) fraction respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the heavy metals in the non-residual fractions resulted from largely anthropogenic sources, including river input, city runoff and port discharge. These contributing sources are highlighted by cluster analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Qiao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Huangpu Street 601, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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20
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Gillan DC, Baeyens W, Bechara R, Billon G, Denis K, Grosjean P, Leermakers M, Lesven L, Pede A, Sabbe K, Gao Y. Links between bacterial communities in marine sediments and trace metal geochemistry as measured by in situ DET/DGT approaches. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:353-362. [PMID: 22153908 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our current view about the relationship between metals and bacteria in marine sediments might be biased because most studies only use ex situ approaches to quantify metals. The aim of the present research was to compare ex situ and in situ methods of metal measurement (DET and DGT--diffusive equilibration or diffusive gradients in thin-films) and relate the results with two commonly used microbiological variables (bacterial biomass and bacterial diversity as revealed by DGGE). No previous studies have used such in situ approaches in microbial ecology. For biomass and most of the investigated trace metals (Ag, Cd, Sn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Al) no significant correlations were found. The exceptions were Fe, Mn, Co, and As which behave like micronutrients. For bacterial diversity, no relevant relationships were found. We conclude that in situ methods are more adapted tools for microbial ecologists but that ex situ approaches are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Gillan
- Proteomics and Microbiology Laboratory, Mons University, Mons, Belgium.
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21
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Garcia CAB, Passos EDA, Alves JDPH. Assessment of trace metals pollution in estuarine sediments using SEM-AVS and ERM-ERL predictions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 181:385-397. [PMID: 21188506 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the distributions of the investigation of trace metals geochemistry in surface sediments of the Sergipe river estuary, northeast Brazil. Analyses were carried out by Flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS or ETAAS). Principal component analysis was applied to results to identify any groupings among the different sampling sites. In order to determine the extent of contamination, taking into account natural variability within the region, metal concentrations were normalized relative to aluminium. Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn contamination was observed in sediments from the area receiving highest inputs of domestic wastes, while cadmium contamination occurred in sediments from the region affected by highest inflows of industrial effluents. Possible toxicity related to these metals was examined using the relationship simultaneously extracted metals/acid volatile sulfide and by comparing sediment chemical data with sediment quality guidelines ERL-ERM values. Results obtained using the two methods were in agreement and indicated that adverse effects on aquatic biota should rarely occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia
- Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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Rigaud S, Radakovitch O, Nerini D, Picon P, Garnier JM. Reconstructing historical trends of Berre lagoon contamination from surface sediment datasets: influences of industrial regulations and anthropogenic silt inputs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:2201-2210. [PMID: 21530066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
These last decades, the Berre lagoon (in southeastern France) has been deeply affected since the 1930s by strong inputs of contaminants associated with industrial development and since 1966 by huge inputs of freshwater and silts due to the installation of a hydroelectric power plant. Surveys of the surface sediment contamination have been sparsely performed since 1964 for management and research purposes. These surveys were performed by various laboratories that investigated different chemicals and sampling areas using different analysis protocols. Therefore, the available data are disconnected in time and space and differ in quality. In order to reconstruct coherent time series of sediment contamination from this heterogeneous datasets and to discuss the influences of industrial and hydroelectric discharges we used a statistical approach. This approach is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fuzzy clustering analysis on data from one extensive survey realized on surface sediments in 1976. The PCA allowed identifying two geochemical indexes describing the main surface sediment geochemical characteristics. The fuzzy clustering analysis on these indexes allowed identifying sub-areas under the specific influence of industrial or hydroelectric discharges. This allowed us to reconstruct, for each sub-area, a coherent and interpretable long-term time series of sediment contamination from the available database. Reconstructed temporal trends allowed us to estimate: (i) the overall decrease of sediment contamination since the mid-1970 attributed to industrial discharge regulations enacted at this period and (ii) the dilution of the concentrations of sediment bound contaminants induced by the hydroelectric power plant and its associated particulate matter inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rigaud
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE), UMR 6635 Aix-Marseille University - CNRS, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France.
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Devesa-Rey R, Díaz-Fierros F, Barral MT. Assessment of enrichment factors and grain size influence on the metal distribution in riverbed sediments (Anllóns River, NW Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 179:371-388. [PMID: 20957517 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The metals distribution in the bed sediments of the Anllóns River was studied, with special emphasis on the evaluation of the metal distribution as a function of the granulometric fraction chosen for the analysis. Statistical significant differences between the distribution of K, Ca, Cr, Mn, As, Rb, Sr and Nb in the bulk (<2 mm) and fine fraction (<63 μm) were not found. Fe, Ni, Cu, Ga, Zr, Zn and Pb commonly appear in higher concentrations in the fine fraction, whereas Ti appears in higher concentrations in the bulk fraction. In general, it was observed that contamination phenomena tend to equalise the concentrations of both fractions, and this was mainly explained as the result of two processes. First, the formation of coatings over sands and, second, the formation of large aggregates (pseudo-sands) at sites located over basic rocks, whose chemical behaviour is closer to that of clays and could be responsible for significant adsorption processes. Normalisation techniques to evaluate contamination were applied by testing Nb, Sr, Rb or Ga as normaliser elements and by using crustal or shale average values for background concentrations. The most satisfactory result was obtained when using shale average values and Ga as the normaliser element. Arsenic was identified as the main contaminant of the basin, exceeding in all cases the low-effect reference values proposed by sediment quality guidelines and in two cases the medium-effect reference values. These sites were identified by multivariate techniques, which allow differentiating site 10 as affected by anthropogenic inputs related to past mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Devesa-Rey
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, USC, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Paixão JF, de Oliveira OMC, Dominguez JML, Almeida EDS, Carvalho GC, Magalhães WF. Integrated assessment of mangrove sediments in the Camamu Bay (Bahia, Brazil). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:403-415. [PMID: 21074854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Camamu Bay, an Environmentally Protected Area, may be affected by the pressures of tourism and oil exploration in the adjacent continental platform. The current quality of the mangrove sediments was evaluated by porewater bioassays using embryos of Crassostrea rhizophorae and by an analysis of benthic macrofauna and its relationships with organic compounds, trace metals and bioavailability. Porewater toxicity varied from low to moderate in the majority of the samples, and polychaetes dominated the benthos. The Grande Island sampling station (Station 1) presented more sandy sediments, differentiated macrobenthic assemblages and the highest metal concentrations in relation to other stations and guideline values, and it was the only station that indicated a possible bioavailability of metals. The origin of the metals (mainly barium) is most likely associated with the barite ore deposits located in the Grande and Pequena islands. These results may be useful for future assessment of the impact of oil exploration in the coastal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Paixão
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Brazil.
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Hu G, Yu R, Zhao J, Chen L. Distribution and enrichment of acid-leachable heavy metals in the intertidal sediments from Quanzhou Bay, southeast coast of China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 173:107-16. [PMID: 20195749 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the distribution and enrichment of acid-leachable heavy metals (ALHMs) Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn, and Fe in the intertidal sediments collected from Quanzhou Bay, southeast coast of China. The contents of ALHMs along with sediment texture, total organic carbon, S2-, and CaCO3 in surface sediments were analyzed to identify the input of heavy metals from various sources. The enrichment of ALHMs in the sediments is mainly attributed to the intense industrial activities around Quanzhou Bay and to the serried activities of intertidal breed aquatics along the seacoast. The results also illustrate the association between the ALHMs with the finer fractions, organic matter, and Fe oxyhydroxides in the sediments. The above results were very supported by the multivariate statistical analyses, including correlation, principal component analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis. Comparative results of ALHMs in the intertidal sediments from Quanzhou Bay with those in other domestic bays and estuaries indicate that the study area has been enriched with heavy metals, especially with Zn, Cu, and Pb, during the past few decades. The results of the present study suggest that the authorities should pay attention to the current status and take some measures to control the heavy metal pollution in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongren Hu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China.
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Hendozko E, Szefer P, Warzocha J. Heavy metals in Macoma balthica and extractable metals in sediments from the southern Baltic Sea. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:152-63. [PMID: 19819551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co and Cd in soft tissues of Macoma balthica and their extractable forms in the adjacent sediments from 15 sampling sites in the southern Baltic Sea were determined by AAS. The samples were collected during cruises of M/S Hestia and R/V Baltica in July-August 2006. In order to estimate the degree of element bioaccumulation in the molluscs with respect to their extractable forms of the associated sediments, the bioaccumulation factor (BF) was calculated. ANOVA clearly indicates spatial differences between the concentrations of the metals, and factor analysis (FA) confirms that spatial variations exist between the concentrations of metals in M. balthica and their extractable forms in the adjacent sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk and open Baltic waters. This differentiation can be explained by differences in environmental parameters between these two areas. M. balthica may be useful as a biomonitor of heavy-metal bioavailability and contamination in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Hendozko
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Food Sciences, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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Hwang HM, Green PG, Young TM. Historical trends of trace metals in a sediment core from a contaminated tidal salt marsh in San Francisco Bay. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2009; 31:421-430. [PMID: 18679810 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-008-9195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sedimentation of metals preserves historical records of contaminant input from local and regional sources, and measurement of metals in sediment cores can provide information for reconstruction of historical changes in regional water and sediment quality. Sediment core was collected from Stege Marsh located in central San Francisco Bay (California, USA) to investigate the historical input of trace metals. Aluminum-normalized enrichment factors indicate that inputs from anthropogenic sources were predominant over natural input for Ag, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Among these, lead was the most anthropogenically impacted metal with enrichment factors ranging from 32 to 108. Depth profiles and coefficients of variation show that As, Cd, and Se were also influenced by anthropogenic input. The levels of these anthropogenically impacted metals decline gradually towards the surface due to regulation of the use of leaded gasoline, municipal and industrial wastewater discharge control, and closure of point sources on the upland of Stege Marsh. Although trace metal contamination is expected to be continuously declining, the rates of decline have slowed down. For lead, it is estimated to take 44, 82, and 153 years to decrease to probable effects level (112 microg/g), the San Francisco Bay ambient surface sediment level (43.2 microg/g), and the local baseline levels (5 microg/g), respectively. Some metals in surface sediments (0-6 cm) are still higher than sediment quality guidelines such as the probable effects level. To further facilitate the recovery of sediment quality, more efficient management plans need to be developed and implemented to control trace metals from non-point sources such as stormwater runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Hwang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Wang F, Leung AOW, Wu SC, Yang MS, Wong MH. Chemical and ecotoxicological analyses of sediments and elutriates of contaminated rivers due to e-waste recycling activities using a diverse battery of bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:2082-2090. [PMID: 19299057 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A multi-trophic, multi-exposure phase assessment approach was applied to characterize the toxicity of sediments collected from two rivers in Guiyu, China, an e-waste recycling centre. Elutriate toxicity tests (bacterium Vibrio fischeri and microalga Selenastrum capricornutum) and whole sediment toxicity test (crustacean Heterocypris incongruens) showed that most sediments exhibited acute toxicity, due to elevated heavy metals and PAHs levels, and low pH caused by uncontrolled acid discharge. The survival rates of crustaceans were negatively (p < 0.05) correlated with total PAHs in sediments (411-1755 mg kg(-1)); EC50s of V. fischeri on the elutriates were significantly correlated with elutriate pH (p < 0.01). Significant (p < 0.05) correlations between the induction of hepatic metallothionein in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Pb) in sediments were also observed, when fish were fed with diets containing sediment. The results showed that uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities may bring adverse effects to local aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Papastergios G, Fernández-Turiel JL, Georgakopoulos A, Gimeno D. Natural and anthropogenic effects on the sediment geochemistry of Nestos river, Northern Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00254-008-1639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Horowitz AJ. Determining annual suspended sediment and sediment-associated trace element and nutrient fluxes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 400:315-43. [PMID: 18571220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Suspended sediment is a major factor in the biological and geochemical cycling of trace elements and nutrients in aquatic systems. The design of effective studies involving the collection, processing, and subsequent chemical analysis of suspended sediment requires a clear understanding of the problems associated with using this sample medium. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge relative to the various issues/problems associated with the collection of representative suspended sediment samples in fluvial systems. It also addresses issues associated with accurately determining the concentrations and fluxes of sediment-associated trace elements and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Horowitz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Water Science Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30360, USA.
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Panichayapichet P, Nitisoravut S, Simachaya W. Spatial distribution and transport of heavy metals in soil, ponded-surface water and grass in a pb-contaminated watershed as related to land-use practices. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 135:181-93. [PMID: 17342433 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of heavy metal in soil and evaluate the dissolution of metal from soil to ponded-surface water, leaching through soil profiles and metal uptake in grass as related to different land-use practices. The data provided a scientific basis for best-management practices for land use in Khli Ti watershed. The watershed has a Pb-contamination problem from the previous operation of a Pb-ore concentrator and abandoned Zn-Pb mine. Sampling sites were selected from a land-use map, with land-use types falling into the following four categories: forest, agricultural land, residential area and road. Soil, ponded-surface water, grass samples and soil profiles were collected. The study related soil characteristics from different land-use practices and locations with observed metal concentrations in ponded-surface water and soil. High enrichment factors of Pb and As in soil were found. Partitioning coefficient, K(d) values were in the order: Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Zn. Soil disturbance from land-use activities including tillage and traffic increased leaching of trace metal from soils. Pb in soil was significantly taken up by grass even though the Transfer Factor, TF values were rather low. Agricultural activities in the watershed must be limited. Moreover, land encroachments in the upper and middle part of the watershed which have high potential of Pb must be strictly controlled in order to reduce the Pb contamination from non-point sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panichayapichet
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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