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Jensen M, Poulsen R, Langebæk R, Jenssen BM, Moe J, Ciesielski TM, Dietz R, Sonne C, Madsen J, Hansen M. The metabolome of pink-footed goose: Heavy metals and lipid metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116043. [PMID: 37156351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife is exposed to mixtures of environmental contaminants that affect health and population dynamics. Exposure to toxic heavy metals originating from anthropogenic sources may exert metabolic effects at even low exposure concentrations. Here we investigated the relationships between heavy metal exposure and metabolic changes in the migratory bird pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus). We used blood pellet and blood plasma samples from 27 free-ranging pink-footed geese to study heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb) exposure in relation to the metabolome. The results relate blood concentrations of Cd (range: 0.218-1.09 ng/g), Cr (range: 0.299-5.60 ng/g), and Hg (range: 2.63-6.00 ng/g) to signal areas of fatty acids and other lipids, while no correlations were identified for Pb level (range: 21.0-64.2 ng/g) exposure. Lipid signal areas were negatively associated with concentrations of Cr and positively associated with Hg exposure (both p < 0.05). α-Linolenic acid and 9-oxononanoic acid were negatively correlated to Cr exposure (both p < 0.05) and were related in the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. Compared to known thresholds for aviary species, the heavy metal concentrations are below levels of toxicity, which may explain the low number of metabolites that significantly change. Nevertheless, the heavy metal exposure is still correlated to changes in the lipid metabolism that may reduce migrating birds' breeding success and increase mortality for an exposed part of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Jensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Poulsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rikke Langebæk
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanna Moe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, NO-9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jesper Madsen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 4-8, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Schick LA, Wohlsein P, Rautenschlein S, Jung A, Boyi JO, Glemarec G, Kroner AM, Barth SA, Siebert U. Health Status of Bycaught Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) from the Western Baltic Sea. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12152002. [PMID: 35953991 PMCID: PMC9367620 DOI: 10.3390/ani12152002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We performed post-mortem investigations of 121 Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima), which were incidentally caught in fishing gear from 2017 to 2019 in Denmark. The aim of the study was to obtain an overview of health issues and pathogens occurring in the population of these birds. The European population of the Common Eider is endangered, but the reasons for the decline of the population have not yet been determined. In times of accelerating species loss, it is important to determine factors that impact population numbers of declining species. The post-mortem investigations included biometric measurements and determination of age, sex and nutritional status, as well as parasitological, bacteriological and virological investigations. The majority of Common Eiders had a good or moderate nutritional status. Most animals were infected with intestinal parasites, and we commonly found inflammation in organs like the liver, kidneys, intestine and the oesophagus. In three animals, a pathogenic bacterium caused inflammatory lesions in several organs. We did not find signs for epizootic diseases or pathologies, which would explain the declining species numbers. Abstract The Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) inhabits the entire northern hemisphere. In northern Europe, the flyway population reaches from the southern Wadden Sea to the northern Baltic coast. The European population is classified as endangered due to declines in Common Eider numbers across Europe since 1990. In this study, we assessed 121 carcasses of Common Eiders, captured incidentally in gillnets in the Western Baltic between 2017 and 2019. The most common findings were parasitic infections of the intestine by acanthocephalans in 95 animals, which correlated with enteritis in 50% of the cases. Parasites were identified as Profilicollis botulus in 25 selected animals. Additionally, oesophageal pustules, erosions, and ulcerations, presumably of traumatic origin, were frequently observed. Nephritis and hepatitis were frequent, but could not be attributed to specific causes. Lung oedema, fractures and subcutaneous haemorrhages likely resulted from entangling and drowning. Two Common Eiders had mycobacterial infections and in one of these, Mycobacterium avium subspecies (ssp.) avium was identified. This study gives an overview of morphological changes and infectious diseases from one location of the European flyway population. It contributes to future health studies on Common Eiders in the Baltic and Wadden Seas by providing baseline information to compare with other areas or circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A. Schick
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstraße 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joy Ometere Boyi
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstraße 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
| | - Gildas Glemarec
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Kroner
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefanie A. Barth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstraße 6, 25761 Büsum, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-856-8158
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Madslien K, Moldal T, Gjerset B, Gudmundsson S, Follestad A, Whittard E, Tronerud OH, Dean KR, Åkerstedt J, Jørgensen HJ, das Neves CG, Rømo G. First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:218. [PMID: 34118927 PMCID: PMC8199823 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus of subtype H5N8 have been reported in wild birds and poultry in Europe during autumn 2020. Norway is one of the few countries in Europe that had not previously detected HPAI virus, despite widespread active monitoring of both domestic and wild birds since 2005. RESULTS We report detection of HPAI virus subtype H5N8 in a wild pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and several other geese, ducks and a gull, from south-western Norway in November and December 2020. Despite previous reports of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), this constitutes the first detections of HPAI in Norway. CONCLUSIONS The mode of introduction is unclear, but a northward migration of infected geese or gulls from Denmark or the Netherlands during the autumn of 2020 is currently our main hypothesis for the introduction of HPAI to Norway. The presence of HPAI in wild birds constitutes a new, and ongoing, threat to the Norwegian poultry industry, and compliance with the improved biosecurity measures on poultry farms should therefore be ensured. [MK1]Finally, although HPAI of subtype H5N8 has been reported to have very low zoonotic potential, this is a reminder that HPAI with greater zoonotic potential in wild birds may pose a threat in the future. [MK1]Updated with a sentence emphasizing the risk HPAI pose to poultry farms, both in the Abstract and in the Conclusion-section in main text, as suggested by Reviewer 1 (#7).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arne Follestad
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grim Rømo
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Dietz R, Sonne C, Jenssen BM, Das K, de Wit CA, Harding KC, Siebert U, Olsen MT. The Baltic Sea: An ecosystem with multiple stressors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106324. [PMID: 33326905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This introductory chapter to our Environment International VSI does not need an abstract and therefore we just include our recommendations below in order to proceed with the resubmission. Future work should examine waterbirds as food web sentinels of multiple stressors as well as Baltic Sea food web dynamics of hazardous substances and how climate change may modify it. Also, future work should aim at further extending the new frameworks developed within BALTHEALTH for energy and contaminant transfer at the population level (Desforges et al., 2018, Cervin et al., 2020/this issue Silva et al., 2020/this issue) and their long term effects on Baltic Sea top predators, such as harbour porpoises, grey seals ringed seals, and white-tailed eagles. Likewise, the risk evaluation conducted for PCB in connection with mercury on Arctic wildlife (Dietz et al., 2019, not a BONUS BALTHEALTH product) could be planned for Baltic Sea molluscs, fish, bird and marine mammals in the future. Finally, future efforts could include stressors not covered by the BONUS BALTHEALTH project, such as food web fluxes, overexploitation, bycatches, eutrophication and underwater noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dietz
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - C Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - B M Jenssen
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - K Das
- Freshwater and Oceanic sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Allée du six Août 11, Bât. B6C, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - C A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusvägen 8, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K C Harding
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University, Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - U Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Büsum, Germany
| | - M T Olsen
- Evolutionary Genomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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