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Niepsch D, Clarke LJ, Jones RG, Tzoulas K, Cavan G. Lichen biomonitoring to assess spatial variability, potential sources and human health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and airborne metal concentrations in Manchester (UK). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:379. [PMID: 38499718 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Airborne metals and organic pollutants are linked to severe human health impacts, i.e. affecting the nervous system and being associated with cancer. Airborne metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban environments are derived from diverse sources, including combustion and industrial and vehicular emissions, posing a threat to air quality and subsequently human health. A lichen biomonitoring approach was used to assess spatial variability of airborne metals and PAHs, identify potential pollution sources and assess human health risks across the City of Manchester (UK). Metal concentrations recorded in lichen samples were highest within the city centre area and along the major road network, and lichen PAH profiles were dominated by 4-ring PAHs (189.82 ng g-1 in Xanthoria parietina), with 5- and 6-ring PAHs also contributing to the overall PAH profile. Cluster analysis and pollution index factor (PIF) calculations for lichen-derived metal concentrations suggested deteriorated air quality being primarily linked to vehicular emissions. Comparably, PAH diagnostic ratios identified vehicular sources as a primary cause of PAH pollution across Manchester. However, local more complex sources (e.g. industrial emissions) were further identified. Human health risk assessment found a "moderate" risk for adults and children by airborne potential harmful element (PHEs) concentrations, whereas PAH exposure in Manchester is potentially linked to 1455 (ILCR = 1.45 × 10-3) cancer cases (in 1,000,000). Findings of this study indicate that an easy-to-use lichen biomonitoring approach can aid to identify hotspots of impaired air quality and potential human health impacts by airborne metals and PAHs across an urban environment, particularly at locations that are not continuously covered by (non-)automated air quality measurement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Niepsch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Leon J Clarke
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Tzoulas
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Gina Cavan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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2
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Benítez Á, Armijos L, Calva J. Monitoring Air Quality with Transplanted Bryophytes in a Neotropical Andean City. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080821. [PMID: 34440565 PMCID: PMC8398276 DOI: 10.3390/life11080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the main global environmental problems, where bryophytes, due to their high capacity to retain metals and other pollutants, have been widely used in active air quality monitoring studies in temperate and tropical zones. Thus, in this study, we analyzed for the first time the concentrations of eight metals (cadmium, copper, nickel, aluminum, iron, manganese, lead and zinc) in three species of transplanted mosses (Rhacocarpus purpurascens (Brid.) Paris, Sphagnum sp. and Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp.) from Ecuador. Significant differences were found for the three species in the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe and Zn between urban and control areas, pointing to the Central zone as the main source of contamination with the highest concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn and Zn, related to vehicular traffic. Lead did not differ between zones for Rhacocarpus purpurascens and Sphagnum sp.; however, Thuidium delicatulum accumulated different concentrations between urban areas and the control areas. The three species of mosses provided valuable information on the contamination of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in the urban area of the city of Loja, and therefore can be used in future air quality monitoring programs over time in tropical cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Benítez
- Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Tropicales-BIETROP, Herbario HUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
| | - Lizbeth Armijos
- Titulación de Biología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - James Calva
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano s/n, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
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3
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Gioda A, Beringui K, Justo EPS, Ventura LMB, Massone CG, Costa SSL, Oliveira SS, Araujo RGO, Nascimento NDM, Severino HGS, Duyck CB, de Souza JR, Saint Pierre TD. A Review on Atmospheric Analysis Focusing on Public Health, Environmental Legislation and Chemical Characterization. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1772-1794. [PMID: 34092145 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1919985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution has been considered one of the most important topics in environmental science once it can be related to the incidence of respiratory diseases, climate change, and others. Knowing the composition of this complex and variable mixture of gases and particulate matter is crucial to understand the damages it causes, help establish limit levels, reduce emissions, and mitigate risks. In this work, the current scenario of the legislation and guideline values for indoor and outdoor atmospheric parameters will be reviewed, focusing on the inorganic and organic compositions of particulate matter and on biomonitoring. Considering the concentration level of the contaminants in air and the physical aspects (meteorological conditions) involved in the dispersion of these contaminants, different approaches for air sampling and analysis have been developed in recent years. Finally, this review presents the importance of data analysis, whose main objective is to transform analytical results into reliable information about the significance of anthropic activities in air pollution and its possible sources. This information is a useful tool to help the government implement actions against atmospheric air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gioda
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karmel Beringui
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizanne P S Justo
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana M B Ventura
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Massone
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvânio Silvério Lopes Costa
- Núcleo de Petróleo e Gás, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sidimar Santos Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Nivia de M Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hemmely Guilhermond S Severino
- Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christiane B Duyck
- Departamento de Geoquímica e Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana D Saint Pierre
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Hossain M, Karmakar D, Begum SN, Ali SY, Patra PK. Recent trends in the analysis of trace elements in the field of environmental research: A review. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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5
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Tomassetti L, Torre M, Tratzi P, Paolini V, Rizza V, Segreto M, Petracchini F. Evaluation of air quality and mobility policies in 14 large Italian cities from 2006 to 2016. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:886-902. [PMID: 32295485 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1752070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite a connection between road traffic and air pollution has been clearly identified, few integrated analyses on air quality and mobility policies are currently available worldwide. Aim of this work is to build a framework for the evaluation of the impact of mobility policies on air quality in 14 major Italian cities, on a long-time scale (2006-2016). Air quality data was collected from all PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 monitoring stations, installed in compliance with the European directive 2008/50/EC. A large dataset was collected, including public transport, environmental, and fuel categorization of the private vehicular fleet, low emissions zones and modal split. In the analyzed time period, both public transportation use and private motorization decreased. Considering the environmental classification standards of vehicles, Northern cities are more readily switching to newer and less polluting cars (e.g. Euro 5 and Euro 6). There has been a general reduction in PM and NO2 concentration. Nevertheless, exceedances are still above the targeted limit value, mainly in some Northern cities who made major investments in sustainable and shared mobility: this highlights a strong influence of climatic conditions and other sources. Dramatic variations in the CO/NO ratio were observed in Turin, while smaller changes are observed in Milan, Rome and Palermo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tomassetti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Torre
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Tratzi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Paolini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Rizza
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segreto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Petracchini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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6
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Fortuna L, Incerti G, Da Re D, Mazzilis D, Tretiach M. Validation of particulate dispersion models by native lichens as point receptors: a case study from NE Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13384-13395. [PMID: 32020451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric dispersion model (ADM) simulations are increasingly used as management tools in air pollution monitoring programs, even in the absence of proper validation. Biomonitors can provide important information for ADM validation, but an open question is their temporal frame of application, particularly when native organisms are used. In this study, we tested two alternative ADM simulating the total suspended particulate (TSP) released by a coal power station, against the element content of two native lichens collected at 40 sites, integrated by soil samples. The ADM simulations differed by the time references: the 6-month period preceding lichen sampling, approximately corresponding to the estimated age of the samples (Mod. A), and the whole year 2005, representative of the local average conditions and used in the plant authorization processes (Mod. B). A generalized regression model analysis clearly showed that the Cr, Pb and V content of lichen samples was spatially associated to the outcomes of Mod. A, but not with Mod. B. Interestingly, the Cr content of lichen samples consistently correlated to TSP concentration predicted by Mod. A along two transects placed downwind from the coal power station. This result was corroborated by an air particulate matter sampling which pointed out that air Cr concentrations increased during the operative period of the source. Overall, our results suggest that lichen bioaccumulation data can proficiently be used to validate ADM simulations if the exposure time of the biological samples is consistent with the temporal domain of the ADM simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, I-33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Da Re
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Denis Mazzilis
- Laboratorio Analisi Matrici ambientali e Matrici Sanitarie, Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione dell'Ambiente, Via Colugna, 42, I-33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
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7
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Monitoring of Air Pollution by Moss Bags around an Oil Refinery: A Critical Evaluation over 16 Years. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzes the results of a biomonitoring campaign, carried out by means of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. moss bags around an oil refinery, located in the southwestern part of Sardinia island (Italy). This work focuses mainly on the effects of rainfall and distance from the source of contamination on the content of 14 trace elements measured over 16 years. In addition, to point out any increasing or decreasing trends, as well as any peak in presence of airborne pollutants in the area, annual elements’ concentration values are plotted and discussed. Coefficients of variation were also calculated on accumulation values in order to evaluate stability of measurements across the years and to evaluate if similar exposure conditions, i.e., humidity and distance from contamination source, resulted in more uniform accumulation values. In conclusion, (i) the vicinity of the source of contamination as well as rainfall influenced element content in the biomonitor in the case study differently, depending on the considered element and on the exposure condition, (ii) H. cupressiforme moss bags provided relatively stable measurements during the 16-year time frame (observed variations in elements content can be attributed to environmental inputs in the area), (iii) similar conditions of exposure determined less variable accumulation values.
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8
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Morphological Traits Influence the Uptake Ability of Priority Pollutant Elements by Hypnum cupressiforme and Robinia pseudoacacia Leaves. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a biomonitoring survey of airborne priority pollutant elements was carried out using leaves of native black locust and moss bags filled with Hypnum cupressiforme. The aims of the work were (i) to evaluate if mosses and leaves provide similar information regarding the accumulation of the elements of environmental concern (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, Zn, Tl); (ii) to evaluate if leaf traits are significantly involved in the uptake mechanisms. Hypnum transplants showed elemental contents generally higher than R. pseudoacacia leaves, despite the shorter exposure time. Moss accumulated larger amounts of elements linked to PM and the resuspension of soil dust. Based on the calculation of deposition flux for each element, R. pseudoacacia showed lower values for most elements—except Cr, Mo and Zn—indicating that uptake takes place both by deposition on the leaf surface and absorption via the root. Leaf traits (micromorphology of surface) play an important role in the interception and retention of PM-linked elements. Hypnum transplanted in bags was confirmed to be a powerful bio-accumulator of airborne elements; by contrast, R. pseudoacacia, with a smooth surface and scarce trichomes, showed a limited ability in airborne element retention. Therefore, widely diffused species, well-adapted to anthropized environments, such as black locust, not always can be considered as good biomonitors. The results are discussed in comparison to other vascular plant species used in biomonitoring studies.
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9
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Yang X, Zhou X, Kan T, Strezov V, Nelson P, Evans T, Jiang Y. Characterization of size resolved atmospheric particles in the vicinity of iron and steelmaking industries in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133534. [PMID: 31756840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China currently faces environmental challenges of lower air quality, partly as a result of industrial activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of iron and steelmaking facilities to regional air quality in four selected industry dominated urban centres in China. Nine different particle size ranges present in atmospheric particles collected from four sites in Kunming (KM), Wuhan (WH), Nanjing (NJ) and Ningbo (NB) were analysed and compared with particles collected at one background site at the Ningbo Nottingham University (UN) with very little industrial influence in China. Similar mass concentration levels of particulate matter PM2.1 and PM1.1 were found at the three sites near older iron and steelmaking plants (KM, WH and NJ). Significantly lower levels of PM2.1 and PM1.1 were collected at the fourth site (NB), which is near to a modern and coastal iron and steelmaking plant. The particles collected had the highest mass concentration in the aerodynamic diameter range of 3.3-9.0 μm for all sites, except for the background site (UN). Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma were used to determine the surface morphology and particle chemistry. Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Zn were found as the most abundant elements in all samples. The enrichment factors show that elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were significantly enriched in particles, especially in fine particles, posing an adverse impact on human health. This study can be used to assist the development of particle monitoring programmes in the vicinity of industrial areas and also help to establish an elemental modality dataset on the exposure and risk assessments of atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Xiaoteng Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Tao Kan
- Department of Environmental Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- Department of Environmental Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Peter Nelson
- Department of Environmental Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Tim Evans
- Department of Environmental Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Capozzi F, Di Palma A, Adamo P, Sorrentino MC, Giordano S, Spagnuolo V. Indoor vs. outdoor airborne element array: A novel approach using moss bags to explore possible pollution sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:566-572. [PMID: 30933753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated by the moss-bag approach the pattern of air dispersed elements in 12 coupled indoor/outdoor exposure sites, all located in urban and rural residential areas. The aims were to discriminate indoor vs. outdoor element composition in coupled exposure sites and find possible relation between moss elemental profile and specific characteristics of each exposure site. Elements were considered enriched when in 60% of the sites, post-exposure concentration exceeded pre-exposure concentration plus two folds the standard deviation. Of the 53 analyzed elements, 15 (As, B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Zn) were enriched in moss exposed outdoor, whereas a subset of 7 elements (As, B, Cr, Mo, Ni, Se, V) were enriched also in indoor moss samples. The cluster analysis of the sites based on all elements, clearly separated samples in two groups corresponding to mosses exposed indoor and outdoor, with the latter generally exceeding the first. Among outdoor sites, urban were most impacted than rural; whereas other factors (e.g., heating and cooking systems, building material, residence time and family life style) could affect element profile of indoor environments. Based on the indoor/outdoor ratio, As derived from outdoor and indoor sources, B, Mo and Se were enriched mostly in outdoor sites; Ni, Cr and V were specifically enriched in most indoor samples, supporting the presence of indoor emitting sources for these elements. A PCA of all indoor sites based on enriched elements and site characteristics showed that traffic affected indoor pollution in urban areas. The moss bag approach provided useful information for a global assessment of human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - A Di Palma
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy; Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - P Adamo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - M C Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - S Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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11
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Betsou C, Tsakiri E, Kazakis N, Vasilev A, Frontasyeva M, Ioannidou A. Atmospheric deposition of trace elements in Greece using moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. as biomonitors. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Rogova NS, Ryzhakova NK, Borisenko AL. Effect of placement conditions for active monitoring of trace element with the epiphytic moss. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:733. [PMID: 30456494 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, problems arising by use of active biomonitoring are discussed. Biomonitoring technique using positioned vertically frameworks and epiphytic moss Pylaisia polyantha is proposed. The influence of tree species on which the bark of the frameworks is fixed, altitude, and orientation is researched. For this purpose, frameworks were placed at two sampling sites of Tomsk on different trees (poplar, birch), at altitudes of 0.5 and 1.5 and with different orientations in May; the exposure time was 20 weeks. The concentrations of As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Mo, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zn were determined by neutron activation analysis at the research reactor of Tomsk Polytechnic University. Increasing concentrations of half of the chemical elements was revealed during the exposure. The high-capacity frameworks used to accumulate certain elements-Cs, Eu, Hf, K, Lu, Sb, Yb-were revealed.
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13
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Di Palma A, Capozzi F, Agrelli D, Amalfitano C, Giordano S, Spagnuolo V, Adamo P. Geochemistry and carbon isotopic ratio for assessment of PM 10 composition, source and seasonal trends in urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:590-598. [PMID: 29702326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the nature of PM10 is crucial to differentiate sources and their relative contributions. In this study we compared the levels, and the chemical and mineralogical properties of PM10 particles sampled in different seasons at monitoring stations representative of urban background, urban traffic and suburban traffic areas of Naples city. The aims were to relate the PM10 load and characteristics to the location of the monitoring stations, to investigate the different sources contributing to PM10 and to highlight PM10 seasonal variability. Bulk analyses of chemical species in the PM10 fraction included total carbon and nitrogen, δ13C and other 20 elements. Both natural and anthropogenic sources were found to contribute to the exceedances of the EU PM10 limit values. The natural contribution was mainly related to marine aerosols and soil dust, as highlighted by X-ray diffractometry and SEM-EDS microscopy. The percentage of total carbon suggested a higher contribution of biogenic components to PM10 in spring. However, this result was not supported by the δ13C values which were seasonally homogeneous and not sufficient to extract single emission sources. No significant differences, in terms of PM10 load and chemistry, were observed between monitoring stations with different locations, suggesting a homogeneous distribution of PM10 on the studied area in all seasons. The anthropogenic contribution to PM10 seemed to dominate in all sites and seasons with vehicular traffic acting as a main source mostly by generation of non-exhaust emissions Our findings reinforce the need to focus more on the analysis of PM10 in terms of quality than of load, to reconsider the criteria for the classification and the spatial distribution of the monitoring stations within urban and suburban areas, with a special attention to the background location, and to emphasize all the policies promoting sustainable mobility and reduction of both exhaust and not-exhaust traffic-related emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Palma
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - F Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - D Agrelli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - C Amalfitano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - S Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - P Adamo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy; CRISP - Interdepartmental Research Center on the Earth Critical Zone, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
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14
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Huang S, Dai C, Zhou Y, Peng H, Yi K, Qin P, Luo S, Zhang X. Comparisons of three plant species in accumulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the atmosphere: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16548-16566. [PMID: 29740766 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves play a key role in the accumulation of PAHs, as they are able to capture PAHs from the air. In this paper, the mechanism, including absorption and adsorption, for plants to scavenge PAHs from the air was reviewed. Moreover, the differences of PAHs accumulating capability are mainly compared among three representative plant species, including pine needles, Holm oak leaves, and moss. On the whole, it is shown that oak leaves present the strongest PAHs accumulating capability for total PAHs among three plants species. Oak leaves and pine needles show higher accumulating tendency for light and medium molecular weight PAHs, whereas moss presents stronger accumulating tendency for heavy molecular weight PAHs. Environmental factors (i.e., temperature, seasonality, and photolysis) also account for the process of PAHs transferred from air to plants. With the temperature climbing, the concentration of PAHs in the air will increase. Due to the meteorological conditions and the human activities changed with seasons, it was shown that the PAHs were greatly accumulated in leaf surface in winter than in summer. Photolysis was also able to influence the PAHs on leaf surface, which are significant to this process. In conclusion, oak, pine, and moss can be used to filter PAHs when considering urban landscaping. Besides combining the traditional analytical methods with in situ determination, there might be able to provide a novel method to further study the specific absorption mechanisms. The accumulation of PAHs in crop leaf surface related to the application of surfactants is also worth studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojian Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunhao Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Kexin Yi
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Pufeng Qin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Si Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Environment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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15
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Hofman J, Maher BA, Muxworthy AR, Wuyts K, Castanheiro A, Samson R. Biomagnetic Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution: A Review of Magnetic Signatures from Biological Sensors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6648-6664. [PMID: 28541679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnetic monitoring of atmospheric pollution is a growing application in the field of environmental magnetism. Particulate matter (PM) in atmospheric pollution contains readily measurable concentrations of magnetic minerals. Biological surfaces, exposed to atmospheric pollution, accumulate magnetic particles over time, providing a record of location-specific, time-integrated air quality information. This review summarizes current knowledge of biological material ("sensors") used for biomagnetic monitoring purposes. Our work addresses the following: the range of magnetic properties reported for lichens, mosses, leaves, bark, trunk wood, insects, crustaceans, mammal and human tissues; their associations with atmospheric pollutant species (PM, NOx, trace elements, PAHs); the pros and cons of biomagnetic monitoring of atmospheric pollution; current challenges for large-scale implementation of biomagnetic monitoring; and future perspectives. A summary table is presented, with the aim of aiding researchers and policy makers in selecting the most suitable biological sensor for their intended biomagnetic monitoring purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Hofman
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Paleomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster , Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian R Muxworthy
- Natural Magnetism Group, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Wuyts
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Castanheiro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Capozzi F, Adamo P, Di Palma A, Aboal JR, Bargagli R, Fernandez JA, Lopez Mahia P, Reski R, Tretiach M, Spagnuolo V, Giordano S. Sphagnum palustre clone vs native Pseudoscleropodium purum: A first trial in the field to validate the future of the moss bag technique. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:323-328. [PMID: 28262376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although a large body of literature exists on the use of transplanted mosses for biomonitoring of air pollution, no article has addressed so far the use and the accumulation performance of a cloned moss for this purpose. In this work, a direct comparison of metal accumulation between bags filled with a Sphagnum palustre L. clone or with native Pseudoscleropodium purum Hedw., one of the most used moss species in biomonitoring surveys, was investigated. The test was performed in sites with different atmospheric contamination levels selected in urban, industrial, agricultural and background areas of Italy and Spain. Among the eighteen elements investigated, S. palustre was significantly enriched in 10 elements (Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sr, V and Zn), while P. purum was enriched only in 6 elements (Al, Ba, Cu, Hg, Pb and Sr), and had a consistently lower uptake capacity than S. palustre. The clone proved to be more sensitive in terms of metal uptake and showed a better performance as a bioaccumulator, providing a higher accumulation signal and allowing a finer distinction among the different land uses and levels of pollution. The excellent uptake performance of the S. palustre clone compared to the native P. purum and its low and stable baseline elemental content, evidenced in this work, are key features for the improvement of the moss bag approach and its large scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capozzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - A Di Palma
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - J R Aboal
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Bargagli
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - J A Fernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Lopez Mahia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - R Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Research, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - S Giordano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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17
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Di Palma A, Capozzi F, Spagnuolo V, Giordano S, Adamo P. Atmospheric particulate matter intercepted by moss-bags: Relations to moss trace element uptake and land use. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:361-368. [PMID: 28273543 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter has to be constantly monitored because it is an important atmospheric transport form of potentially harmful contaminants. The cost-effective method of the moss-bags can be employed to evaluate both loads and chemical composition of PM. PM entrapped by the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum exposed in bags in 9 European sites was characterized for number, size and chemical composition by SEM/EDX. Moreover, moss elemental uptake of 53 elements including rare earth elements was estimated by ICP-MS analysis. All above was aimed to find possible relations between PM profile and moss uptake and to find out eventual element markers of the different land use (i.e. agricultural, urban, industrial) of the selected sites. After exposure, about 12,000 particles, mostly within the inhalable fraction, were counted on P. purum leaves; their number generally increased from the agricultural sites to the urban and industrial ones. ICP analysis indicated that twenty-three elements were significantly accumulated by mosses with different element profile according to the various land uses. The PM from agricultural sites were mainly made of natural/crustal elements or derived from rural activities. Industrial-related PM covered a wider range of sources, from those linked to specific industrial activities, to those related to manufacturing processes or use of heavy-duty vehicles. This study indicates a close association between PM amount and moss element-uptake, which increases in parallel with PM amount. Precious metals and REEs may constitute novel markers of air pollution in urban and agricultural sites, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Palma
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paola Adamo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
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18
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Drava G, Brignole D, Giordani P, Minganti V. The bark of the branches of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) for a retrospective study of trace elements in the atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:291-295. [PMID: 28126689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tree bark has proved to be a useful bioindicator for trace elements in the atmosphere, however it reflects an exposure occurring during an unidentified period of time, so it provides spatial information about the distribution of contaminants in a certain area, but it cannot be used to detect temporal changes or trends, which is an important achievement in environmental studies. In order to obtain information about a known period of time, the bark collected from the annual segments of tree branches can be used, allowing analyses going back 10-15 years with annual resolution. In the present study, the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were measured by atomic emission spectrometry in a series of samples covering the period from 2001 to 2013 in an urban environment. Downward time trends were significant for Cd, Pb and Zn. The only trace element showing an upward time trend was V. The concentrations of the remaining six trace elements were constant over time, showing that their presence in bark is not simply proportional to the duration of exposure. This approach, which is simple, reliable and widely applicable at a low cost, allows the "a posteriori" reconstruction of atmospheric trace element deposition when or where no monitoring programme is in progress and no other natural archives are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Drava
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - Daniele Brignole
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Minganti
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
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19
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Capozzi F, Giordano S, Aboal JR, Adamo P, Bargagli R, Boquete T, Di Palma A, Real C, Reski R, Spagnuolo V, Steinbauer K, Tretiach M, Varela Z, Zechmeister H, Fernández JA. Best options for the exposure of traditional and innovative moss bags: A systematic evaluation in three European countries. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:362-373. [PMID: 27108040 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To develop an internationally standardized protocol for the moss bag technique application, the research team participating in the FP7 European project "MOSSclone" focused on the optimization of the moss bags exposure in terms of bag characteristics (shape of the bags, mesh size, weight/surface ratio), duration and height of exposure by comparing traditional moss bags to a new concept bag, "Mossphere". In particular, the effects of each variable on the metal uptake from the air were evaluated by a systematic experimental design carried out in urban, industrial, agricultural and background areas of three European countries with oceanic, Mediterranean and continental climate. The results evidenced that the shape, the mesh size of the bags and the exposure height (in the tested ranges), did not significantly influence the uptake capacity of the transplanted moss. The aspects more affecting the element uptake were represented by the density of the moss inside the bags and the relative ratio between its weight and the surface area of the bag. We found that, the lower the density, the higher the uptake recorded. Moreover, three weeks of exposure were not enough to have a consistent uptake signal in all the environments tested, thus we suggest an exposure period not shorter than 6 weeks, which is appropriate in most situations. The above results were confirmed in all the countries and scenarios tested. The adoption of a shared exposure protocol by the research community is strongly recommended since it is a key aspect to make biomonitoring surveys directly comparable, also in view of its recognition as a monitoring method by the EU legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - J R Aboal
- Department of Cellular Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Adamo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - R Bargagli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - T Boquete
- Department of Cellular Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Di Palma
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - C Real
- Department of Cellular Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Steinbauer
- GLORIA-Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Center for Global Change and Sustainability, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - M Tretiach
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Z Varela
- BIOVIA Consultor Ambiental, Edificio Emprendia, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H Zechmeister
- Dept. Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - J A Fernández
- Department of Cellular Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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20
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Capozzi F, Giordano S, Di Palma A, Spagnuolo V, De Nicola F, Adamo P. Biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution by moss bags: Discriminating urban-rural structure in a fragmented landscape. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 149:211-218. [PMID: 26855226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we investigated the possibility to use moss bags to detect pollution inputs - metals, metalloids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - in sites chosen for their different land use (agricultural, urban/residential scenarios) and proximity to roads (sub-scenarios), in a fragmented conurbation of Campania (southern Italy). We focused on thirty-nine elements including rare earths. For most of them, moss uptake was higher in agricultural than in urban scenarios and in front road sites. Twenty PAHs were analyzed in a subset of agricultural sites; 4- and 5-ringed PAHs were the most abundant, particularly chrysene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Overall results indicated that investigated pollutants have a similar spatial distribution pattern over the entire study area, with road traffic and agricultural practices as the major diffuse pollution sources. Moss bags proved a very sensitive tool, able to discriminate between different land use scenarios and proximity to roads in a mixed rural-urban landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Capozzi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Giordano
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - A Di Palma
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F De Nicola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - P Adamo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Ambiente (CIRAM), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80132 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
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21
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Vuković G, Aničić Urošević M, Škrivanj S, Milićević T, Dimitrijević D, Tomašević M, Popović A. Moss bag biomonitoring of airborne toxic element decrease on a small scale: A street study in Belgrade, Serbia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:394-403. [PMID: 26520264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A database of potentially hazardous substances, necessary for estimating the exposure of humans to air pollutants, may be deficient because of a limited number of regulatory monitoring stations. This study was inspired by undeniably harmful effects of human long-term exposure to intense traffic emissions in urban area. Moss bag biomonitors were used to characterize spatial variation of airborne toxic elements near crossroads and two- and one-lane streets. The Sphagnum girgensohnii and Hypnum cupressiforme moss bags were exposed for 10 weeks to 48 sampling sites across Belgrade (Serbia) during the summer of 2014. In addition, oven-drying pretreatment of the moss bags was tested. During the experimental period, traffic flows were estimated at each site by counting the number of vehicles during the rush hours. The concentrations of 39 elements were determined in the moss samples. There was no significant difference between the results obtained for nontreated and oven-dried moss bags. For the majority of elements, the moss bags identified a common pattern of decrease in the concentration from crossroads to two- and one-lane streets. The exposed moss bags were enriched with Sb, Cu and Cr. The correlation coefficients (r=0.65-0.70) between the moss concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe and Sb and the site-counted traffic flows also confirmed a dependence of the airborne element content on traffic emissions. A strong correlation with traffic flows makes Sb, Cu and Cr reliable traffic tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Vuković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sandra Škrivanj
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Milićević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milica Tomašević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Vuković G, Urošević MA, Goryainova Z, Pergal M, Škrivanj S, Samson R, Popović A. Active moss biomonitoring for extensive screening of urban air pollution: Magnetic and chemical analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 521-522:200-210. [PMID: 25839179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, active magnetic biomonitoring of moss for particulate air pollution and an assessment of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed for the entire metropolitan area of Belgrade. Two mosses, Sphagnum girgensohnii (a species of the most recommended biomonitoring moss genus) and Hypnum cupressiforme (a common moss in the study area), were used. During the summer of 2013, moss bags were exposed at 153 sampling sites, forming a dense network of sites. A type II regression model was applied to test the interchangeable use of the two moss species. Significantly higher levels of all measured pollutants were recorded by S. girgensohnii in comparison with H. cupressiforme. Based on the results, the mosses could not be interchangeably used in urban areas, except for the biomonitoring of Cu. Nevertheless, according to the relative accumulation factors obtained for both moss species, similar city zones related to high, moderate and low levels of air pollution were distinguished. Moreover, new pollution hotspots, omitted by regulatory monitoring, were identified. The results demonstrate that moss magnetic analysis represents an effective first step for obtaining an overview of particulate air pollution before more expensive chemical analyses. Active moss biomonitoring could be applied as a pragmatic approach for optimizing the representativeness of regulatory monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Vuković
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zoya Goryainova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - Miodrag Pergal
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Škrivanj
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roeland Samson
- Department of Bio-science Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- The Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Wawer M, Magiera T, Ojha G, Appel E, Bućko MS, Kusza G. Characteristics of current roadside pollution using test-monitoring plots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:795-804. [PMID: 25461082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was the qualitative recognition of the existing roadside pollutants deposited in topsoils located close to roads with high traffic volume. So far, the studies have helped to determine the content of pollutants that accumulated over a long period of time. Traditionally, it has been difficult to distinguish between roadside pollution and pollution from other industrial sources. In order to avoid such problems and to accurately recognize present threats originating from road traffic, test-monitoring plots were installed in Poland (Gliwice and Opole), Germany (Tübingen, Ulm and Böblingen), Finland (Helsinki), Tajikistan (Dushanbe) and China (Lanzhou). To install the monitoring plots, the upper 7 cm of topsoil was removed and replaced with boxes filled with clean quartz sand. The sand, with a known chemical composition and neutral magnetic (diamagnetic) properties, was considered as a neutral matrix for the accumulation of traffic pollutants. Within 24 months of exposure, both the magnetic susceptibility values and heavy metal content increased, but with highly diverse differences. The highest values were observed in Germany, Tajikistan and China. Correlation coefficients between the magnetic susceptibility values and investigated elements, as well as PAHs indicate that magnetic susceptibility is a geophysical parameter that can be used, under defined conditions, as an indicator of soil pollution caused by traffic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wawer
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Magiera
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Land Protection, University of Opole, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Gobinda Ojha
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Hoelderlinstrasse 12, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Erwin Appel
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Hoelderlinstrasse 12, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Michał S Bućko
- Geological Survey of Finland, Betonimiehenkuja 4, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Grzegorz Kusza
- Department of Land Protection, University of Opole, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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De Nicola F, Murena F, Costagliola MA, Alfani A, Baldantoni D, Prati MV, Sessa L, Spagnuolo V, Giordano S. A multi-approach monitoring of particulate matter, metals and PAHs in an urban street canyon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4969-4979. [PMID: 23325055 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For the first time until now, the results from a prediction model (Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS)-Road) of pollutant dispersion in a street canyon were compared to the results obtained from biomonitors. In particular, the instrumental monitoring of particulate matter (PM10) and the biomonitoring of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 11 metals by Quercus ilex leaves and Hypnum cupressiforme moss bags, acting as long- and short-term accumulators, respectively, were carried out. For both PAHs and metals, similar bioaccumulation trends were observed, with higher concentrations in biomonitors exposed at the leeward canyon side, affected by primary air vortex. The major pollutant accumulation at the leeward side was also predicted by the ADMS-Road model, on the basis of the prevailing wind direction that determines different exposure of the street canyon sides to pollutants emitted by vehicular traffic. A clear vertical (3, 6 and 9 m) distribution gradient of pollutants was not observed, so that both the model and biomonitoring results suggested that local air turbulences in the street canyon could contribute to uniform pollutant distribution at different heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia De Nicola
- Dipt. Scienze per la Biologia, la Geologia e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, Benevento, Italy
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D'Alessandro W, Bellomo S, Brusca L, Calabrese S. Are the Salinelle mud volcanoes threatening human health or are anthropogenic activities threatening the Salinelle mud volcanoes? A comment on "Trace element biomonitoring using mosses in urban areas affected by mud volcanoes around Mt. Etna. The case of the Salinelle, Italy" by Bonanno et al. (DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-2332-z). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2351-2354. [PMID: 22696072 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Giordano S, Adamo P, Spagnuolo V, Tretiach M, Bargagli R. Accumulation of airborne trace elements in mosses, lichens and synthetic materials exposed at urban monitoring stations: towards a harmonisation of the moss-bag technique. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:292-9. [PMID: 22901434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mosses, lichens and cellulose filters were exposed for 17 weeks at four urban monitoring stations in Naples (S Italy) to assess the accumulation of airborne Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn. In each site, the element accumulation was significantly higher in the moss Hypnum cupressiforme than in the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea. Acid washed mosses accumulated the highest amount of trace elements, but the differences in element concentrations among the moss samples exposed after water washing and different devitalisation treatments (acid washing, oven drying and water boiling) and between the lichen samples exposed with and without the nylon bag were not statistically significant. The cellulose filters showed the lowest accumulation capability. The reciprocal ordination of sites and exposed materials showed an increasing contamination gradient (especially for Pb, Cu and Zn) from the background site to the trafficked city streets; this pattern was undetectable from PM(10) data recorded by the automatic monitoring devices operating in the four exposure sites. The element profile in exposed materials did not change substantially throughout the urban area and particles of polluted urban soils seem the main source of airborne metals in Naples. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the results from this and previous studies, a protocol is suggested for the moss-bag monitoring of trace element deposition in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Ares A, Aboal JR, Carballeira A, Giordano S, Adamo P, Fernández JA. Moss bag biomonitoring: a methodological review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 432:143-58. [PMID: 22728302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the moss bag technique has been used for active biomonitoring for the past 40years, there is still no standardized protocol that enables application of the technique as a tool to monitor air quality. The aim of this review paper is to evaluate the degree of standardization of each of the variables that must be considered in applying the technique (i.e. the variables associated with preparation of the moss and moss bags, exposure of the bags, and post-exposure treatment). For this purpose, 112 scientific papers that report the methods used in applying the moss bag technique were consulted. Finally, on the basis of the conclusions reached, we propose a protocol that will enable each of these variables to be investigated separately, with the final aim of developing a standardized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ares
- Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa sn 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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