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Feng Y, Zhang W, Wei J, Jiang D, Tong S, Huang C, Xu Z, Wang X, Tao J, Li Z, Hu J, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Medium-term exposure to size-fractioned particulate matter and asthma exacerbations in China: A longitudinal study of asthmatics with poor medication adherence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116234. [PMID: 38503107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) can increase the risk of asthma morbidity and mortality. However, the effect of medium-term exposure remains unknown. We aim to examine the effect of medium-term exposure to size-fractioned PM on asthma exacerbations among asthmatics with poor medication adherence. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study in China based on the National Mobile Asthma Management System Project that specifically and routinely followed asthma exacerbations in asthmatics with poor medication adherence from April 2017 to May 2019. High-resolution satellite remote-sensing data were used to estimate each participant's medium-term exposure (on average 90 days) to size-fractioned PM (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) based on the residential address and the date of the follow-up when asthma exacerbations (e.g., hospitalizations and emergency room visits) occurred or the end of the follow-up. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to examine the hazard ratio of asthma exacerbations associated with each PM after controlling for sex, age, BMI, education level, geographic region, and temperature. RESULTS Modelling results revealed nonlinear exposure-response associations of asthma exacerbations with medium-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10. Specifically, for emergency room visits, we found an increased hazard ratio for PM1 above 22.8 µg/m3 (1.060, 95 % CI: 1.025-1.096, per 1 µg/m3 increase), PM2.5 above 38.2 µg/m3 (1.032, 95 % CI: 1.010-1.054), and PM10 above 78.6 µg/m3 (1.019, 95 % CI: 1.006-1.032). For hospitalizations, we also found an increased hazard ratio for PM1 above 20.3 µg/m3 (1.055, 95 % CI: 1.001-1.111) and PM2.5 above 39.2 µg/m3 (1.038, 95 % CI: 1.003-1.074). Furthermore, the effects of PM were greater for a longer exposure window (90-180 days) and among participants with a high BMI. CONCLUSION This study suggests that medium-term exposure to PM is associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbations in asthmatics with poor medication adherence, with a higher risk from smaller PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Dingyuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiling Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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Khedr L, Khedr NF, Werida RH. Functional capacity and inflammatory biomarkers as predictors for right atrial volume index in COPD patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:1493-1504. [PMID: 37217717 PMCID: PMC10427529 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality and right-heart complications. So, this study aimed to evaluate the role of right atrial volume index (RAVI), inflammatory biomarkers and functional capacity in predicting poor outcomes for patients with COPD, classified by COPD assessment test (CAT) questionnaire, as early predictors of right heart diseases. METHODS 151 patients with COPD with ejection fraction (LVEF) > 55% were enrolled and classified according to CAT questionnaire into CAT ≥ 10 (group I) and CAT < 10 (group II). RAVI was calculated using Echocardiography. Assessment of RV systolic function was done by Doppler imaging. Functional capacity parameters were assessed by modified medical research council dyspnea scale (mMRC). IL-1β, adiponectin, hs-CRP and neopterin were evaluated by ELSA kits. RESULTS Group I (CAT ≥ 10) had higher RAVI (73.92 ± 21.20 ml/m2 vs 22.73 ± 6.24 ml/m2, p < 0.001), lower S`tri (0.05 ± 0.01 vs 0.13 ± 0.03 m/s, p < 0.001), lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (1.20 ± 0.17 cm vs 2.17 ± 0.48 cm, p < 0.001), higher RVSP (54.88 ± 7.97 vs 26.79 ± 9.84 mmHg, p < 0.001) compared with group II (CAT < 10). RAVI was good predictor of CAT (r = 0.954, p < 0.001) and strongly correlated with tricuspid S`tri, RVSP, tricuspid E/e' and Mitral E/e' (r = -0.737, r = 0.753, r = 0.817 and r = 0.515, respectively, p < 0.001). RAVI was correlated with TAPSE (r = -0.673, p < 0.001) and with tricuspid E/A ratio & LVEF (r = 0.628, r = -0.407, respectively, p < 0.001). Hs-CRP: 2.50 ± 1.43 vs 2.03 ± 1.19, IL-1β: 37.96 ± 14.35 vs 27.57 ± 8.06, neopterin: 91.37 ± 17.30 vs 76.90 ± 16.75, p < 0.05) were significantly higher besides lower adiponectin levels (3.19 ± 1.98 vs 5.32 ± 1.33 p < 0.05) in group I as compared to group II. CONCLUSION Functional capacity might be useful predictor for right heart diseases in COPD patients. Inflammatory biomarkers, low adiponectin and high Hs-CRP, IL-1β and neopterin levels, might not only be useful to monitor treatment response but may also help to discriminate patients with a worsen prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Khedr
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa F Khedr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Rehab H Werida
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt.
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Liu W, Wei J, Cai M, Qian Z, Long Z, Wang L, Vaughn MG, Aaron HE, Tong X, Li Y, Yin P, Lin H, Zhou M. Particulate matter pollution and asthma mortality in China: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study from 2015 to 2020. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136316. [PMID: 36084833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A national and comprehensive evaluation is lacking on the relationship between short-term exposure to submicron particulate matter (PM1) pollution and asthma mortality. METHODS Data was obtained from 29,553 asthma deaths from the China National Mortality Surveillance System from 2015 to 2020. We used a bilinear interpolation approach to estimate each participant's daily ambient particulate matter pollution and meteorological variables exposure based on their geocoded residential address and a 10 km × 10 km grid from China High Air Pollutants and the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis-Land reanalysis data set. The associations were estimated using a time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regressions. RESULTS Our results revealed significant associations between short-term exposure to various particulate matter and asthma mortality. The 5-day moving average of particulate matter exposure produced the most pronounced effect. Compared to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10), significantly stronger effects on asthma mortality related to PM1 pollution were noted. The ERs% for asthma mortality associated with each interquartile range (IQR) increase of exposures to PM1 (IQR: 19.2 μg/m3) was 5.59% (95% CI: 2.11-9.19), which is 14% and 22% higher than that for PM2.5 (IQR: 32.0 μg/m3, 4.82% (95% CI: 1.84-7.90)) and PM10 (IQR: 52.2 μg/m3, 4.37% (95% CI: 1.16-7.69)), respectively. The estimates remained consistent in various sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided national evidence that acute exposures to various ambient particulate matter pollution can increase mortality due to asthma in China, highlighting stronger associations with ambient PM1 than PM2.5 and PM10. China needs to adjust the current ambient air quality standards urgently and pay greater attention to the adverse health effects of PM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zheng Long
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah E Aaron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xunliang Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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PERROTTA F, D’AGNANO V, SCIALÒ F, KOMICI K, ALLOCCA V, NUCERA F, SALVI R, STELLA GM, BIANCO A. Evolving concepts in COPD and lung cancer: a narrative review. Minerva Med 2022; 113:436-448. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hu Y, Wu M, Li Y, Liu X. Influence of PM 1 exposure on total and cause-specific respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15117-15126. [PMID: 34628607 PMCID: PMC8810454 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies examined the potential effects of PM1 (submicronic particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1 μm) on the risk of respiratory diseases; however, the results have been inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the overall association between PM1 with total and cause-specific respiratory diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with 68 related articles retrieved, and six articles met the full inclusion criteria for the final analysis. For a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1, the pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.05 (95% CI 0.98-1.12) for total respiratory diseases, 1.25 (95% CI 1.00-1.56) for asthma, and 1.07 (95% CI 1.04-1.10) for pneumonia with the I2 value of 87%, 70%, and 0%, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that long-term exposure to PM1 was associated with increased risk of asthma (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.33-1.63) with an I2 value of 0%, while short-term exposure to PM1 was not associated with asthma (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.89-1.27) with the I2 value of 0%. Egger's test showed that publication bias existed (P = 0.041); however, the funnel plot was symmetrical with the inclusion of the moderator. In conclusion, elevated levels of PM1 may increase morbidity in total and cause-specific respiratory diseases in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
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In-Depth Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) and Its Characterization through FTIR, XRD and SEM–EDX Techniques in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Northern Pakistan. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates the variation and physicochemical properties of ambient particulate matter (PM) in the very important location which lies in the foothills of the Hindu Kush ranges in northern Pakistan. This work investigates the mass concentration, mineral content, elemental composition and morphology of PM in three size fractions, i.e., PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, during the year of 2019. The collected samples were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. During the study period, the average temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed were found to be 17.9 °C, 65.83%, 73.75 mm and 0.23 m/s, respectively. The results showed that the 24 h average mass concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were 64 µgm−3, 43.9 µgm−3 and 22.4 µgm−3, respectively. The 24 h concentration of both PM10 and PM2.5 were 1.42 and 2.92 times greater, respectively, than the WHO limits. This study confirms the presence of minerals such as wollastonite, ammonium sulphate, wustite, illite, kaolinite, augite, crocidolite, calcite, calcium aluminosilicate, hematite, copper sulphate, dolomite, quartz, vaterite, calcium iron oxide, muscovite, gypsum and vermiculite. On the basis of FESEM-EDX analysis, 14 elements (O, C, Al, Si, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Fe, N, Mo, B, S and Cl) and six groups of PM (carbonaceous (45%), sulfate (13%), bioaerosols (8%), aluminosilicates (19%), quartz (10%) and nitrate (3%)) were identified.
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Kim MH, Park SJ, Yang WM. Inhalation of Essential Oil from Mentha piperita Ameliorates PM10-Exposed Asthma by Targeting IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Based on a Network Pharmacological Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010002. [PMID: 33374928 PMCID: PMC7821947 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM) exposure exhibits a crucial risk factor to exacerbate airway epithelial remodeling, fibrosis, and pulmonary destruction in asthma. Based on the use of essential oils from aromatic plants on pain relief and anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated the inhibitory effects of essential oil derived from the Mentha species (MEO) against asthma exposed to PM10. The MEO (0.1 v/v %) was aerosolized by a nebulizer to ovalbumin and PM10-induced asthmatic mice. Histological changes were confirmed in the lung tissues. To define the mode of action of the MEO on asthma, a protein–protein interaction network was constructed using menthol and menthone as the major components of the MEO. Cytokine expression and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were analyzed in lung epithelial A549 cells co-treated with MEO and PM10. Inhalation of MEO by nebulization inhibited respiratory epithelium hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and goblet cell activation in asthmatic mice. Through a network pharmacological analysis, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and JAK/STAT was expected to be underlying mechanisms of MEO on asthma. Treatment with MEO significantly reduced the IL-6 levels with a decrease in pro-inflammatory and T helper 2-specific cytokines. PM10-induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was significantly decreased by MEO. Collectively, MEO may have an inhibitory effect on asthma under the condition of PM10 exposure through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Perrotta F, Rocco D, Vitiello F, De Palma R, Guerra G, De Luca A, Navani N, Bianco A. Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Advanced NSCLC: A New Landscape for Elderly Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2258. [PMID: 31067796 PMCID: PMC6539213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic scenario for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC has been limited to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, a novel therapeutic approach based on targeting the immune-checkpoints has showed noteworthy results in advanced NSCLC. PD1/PD-L1 pathway is co-opted by tumor cells through the expression of PD-L1 on the tumor cell surface and on cells within the microenvironment, leading to suppression of anti-tumor cytolytic T-cell activity by the tumor. The success of immune-checkpoints inhibitors in clinical trials led to rapid approval by the FDA and EMA. Currently, data regarding efficacy and safety of ICIs in older subjects is limited by the poor number of elderly recruited in clinical trials. Careful assessment and management of comorbidities is essential to achieve better outcomes and limit the immune related adverse events in elderly NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Danilo Rocco
- Pneumo-Oncology Unit, A.O. dei Colli "Monaldi Hospital", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Vitiello
- Pneumo-Oncology Unit, A.O. dei Colli "Monaldi Hospital", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Neal Navani
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory and Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London WC1E6JF, UK.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Guo H, Huang S, Chen M. Air pollutants and asthma patient visits: Indication of source influence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:355-362. [PMID: 29289783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sources of air pollutants are significant factors for adverse health effect. Few current studies explored the linking of sources influence and ambient pollutants to asthma patient visits in Shanghai, China. OBJECTIVES This study explored the associations between short-term exposures to ambient pollutants and asthma morbidity with terrestrial and marine source influence in Shanghai. METHODS Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to explore the association of daily patient visits and ambient pollutants. These analyses were calculated in R statistical software in mgcv package. PSCF modeling was used to locate potential source areas contributing to the concentrations of pollutants. RESULTS We found that per IQR of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 and CO in terrestrial source were associated with an increase of 6.63% (95% CI: -0.27% to 14%), 6.48% (95% CI: 0.06% to 13.3%), 1.68% (95% CI: -2.68% to 6.24%), 2.81% (95% CI: -1.42% to 7.22%), -0.60% (95% CI: -5.94% to 5.04%) and 16.6% (95% CI: 8.68% to 25.2%), respectively in asthma patient visits. Per IQR of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 and CO in marine source were associated with an increase of 5.34% (95% CI: 0.42% to 10.5%), 3.84% (95% CI: 0.08% to 7.74%), 3.21% (95% CI: -0.92% to 7.52%), 2.58% (95% CI: -1.02% to 6.30%), 1.42% (95% CI: -3.10% to 6.15%) and 8.81% (95% CI: 2.56% to 15.4%). The PSCF show all of the pollutants except O3 mainly come from terrestrial during observation. We also found that all of the pollutants except NO2 displayed the highest effect in the spring for relative risk of asthma morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Ambient air pollutants that cause an increase in asthma patient visits, such as PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO are mainly produced from terrestrial sources, while O3 is primarily from marine sources. The association of ambient pollutants and asthma patient visits is closely related with seasons, especially with spring. PM2.5 and CO are major air pollutants increasing the relative risk of asthma patient visits in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Sijing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minxuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Jaswal S, Saini V, Kaur J, Gupta S, Kaur H, Garg K. Association of Adiponectin with Lung Function Impairment and Disease Severity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2018; 8:14-18. [PMID: 29552529 PMCID: PMC5846212 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_65_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only restricted to the pulmonary inflammation and airway obstruction but is also associated with comorbidities, which affect the therapeutic intervention and the quality of life and survival. Markers that can predict the systemic inflammation and a decline in the pulmonary function are of scientific interest. Adiponectin (APN) appears to be one such biomarker and can be used as a potential indicator of severity and response to treatment in patients of COPD. Aims: The study aims to find out the role of APN as a marker of inflammation in the pathogenesis of COPD and explore its relationship with the severity of the disease. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: The study group consisted of 60 patients of COPD, which included 30 males admitted with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and 30 males with stable COPD. The study group was compared with 30 healthy, age-matched males. APN was estimated by commercially available ELISA kits. Pulmonary function tests were performed on all cases and controls using standardized protocols on SPIROLAB III. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The levels of APN were found to be significantly higher in patients with COPD as compared to the controls and the levels increased with the severity of the disease were 16.10 ± 4.97 ng/ml and 11.43 ± 4.22 ng/ml, respectively, in AECOPD and COPD. A significant positive correlation was found between the levels of APN and interleukin (IL)-8 in patients of COPD, while the levels correlated negatively with percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%). Conclusions: The results reveal that APN is associated with the inflammatory process of COPD as suggested by its significant inverse relationship with FEV1% and positive correlation with a marker of inflammation such as IL-8. It can thus be used as a biomarker for disease severity and progression in patients of COPD, therefore aiding in risk stratification and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaswal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Varinder Saini
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasbinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harjeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kranti Garg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Bianco A, Nigro E, Monaco ML, Matera MG, Scudiero O, Mazzarella G, Daniele A. The burden of obesity in asthma and COPD: Role of adiponectin. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 43:20-25. [PMID: 28115224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The influence of obesity on development, severity and prognosis of both asthma and COPD is attracting growing interest. The impact of obesity on the respiratory system ranges from structural modifications (decline of total lung capacity) to humoral alterations. Adipose tissue strongly contributes to the establishment of an inflammatory state being an important source of adipokines. Amongst adipokines, adiponectin is an important component of organ cross talk with adipose tissue exerting protective effects on a variety of pathophysiological processes. Adiponectin is secreted in serum where it abundantly circulates as complexes of different molecular weight. Adiponectin properties are mediated by specific receptors that are widely expressed with AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin being present on epithelial and endothelial pulmonary cells indicating a functional role on lung physiology. In COPD, mild to moderate obesity has been shown to have protective effects on patient's survival, while a higher mortality rate has been observed in patients with low BMI. A specific cluster of obese patients has been identified; in this group, asthma features are particularly severe and difficult to treat. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms at the base of cross talk among different tissues and organs will lead to identification of new targets for both diagnosis and treatment of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via L. Bianchi, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via L. Bianchi, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via L. Bianchi, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
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12
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Salvi R, Meoli I, Cennamo A, Perrotta F, Saverio Cerqua F, Montesano R, Curcio C, Lassandro F, Stefanelli F, Grella E, Tafuri D, Mazzarella G, Bianco A. Preoperative high-intensity training in frail old patients undergoing pulmonary resection for NSCLC. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:443-448. [PMID: 28352834 PMCID: PMC5329866 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic surgery remains the better therapeutic option for non-small cell lung cancer patients that are diagnosed in early stage disease. Preoperative lung function assessment includes respiratory function tests (RFT) and cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Vo2 peak, FEV1 and DLCO as well as recognition of performance status, presence of co-morbidities, frailty indexes, and age predict the potential impact of surgical resection on patient health status and survival risk. In this study we have retrospectively assessed the benefit of a high-intensity preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) in 14 patients with underlying lung function impairment prior to surgery. Amongst these, three patients candidate to surgical resection exhibited severe functional impairment associated with high score of frailty according CHS and SOF index, resulting in a substantial mortality risk. Our observations indicate that PRP appear to reduce the mortality and morbidity risk in frail patients with concurrent lung function impairment undergoing thoracic surgery. PRP produced improvement of VO2 peak degree and pulmonary function resulting in reduced postoperative complications in high-risk patients from our cases. Our results indicate that a preoperative training program may improve postoperative clinical outcomes in fraillung cancer patients with impaired lung function prior to surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Salvi
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilernando Meoli
- Unit of Pneumology, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cennamo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Cerqua
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Montesano
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Curcio
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Edoardo Grella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, A.O. Dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy Phone:+390815665228, , E-mail:
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13
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Rehman R, Mabalirajan U. Proficient DNA repair in house dust mite-induced asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:713-714. [PMID: 27847144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakhshinda Rehman
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.
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14
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Guarino C, Mazzarella G, De Rosa N, Cesaro C, La Cerra G, Grella E, Perrotta F, Curcio C, Guerra G, Bianco A. Pre-surgical bronchoscopic treatment for typical endobronchial carcinoids. Int J Surg 2016; 33 Suppl 1:S30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Perrotta F, Cerqua FS, Cammarata A, Izzo A, Bergaminelli C, Curcio C, Guarino C, Grella E, Forzano I, Cennamo A, Tafuri D, Rocca A, Bianco A, Mazzarella G. Integrated therapeutic approach to giant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: report of a case and review of the literature. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:220-225. [PMID: 28352798 PMCID: PMC5329829 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrous tumors of the pleura are rare primary tumors, accounting for 5% of malignant pleural neoplasms, which generally originate from sub-mesothelial mesenchymal tissue of the visceral pleura. These tumours generally exhibit clinical benign behavior although 12% of solitary fibrous tumors can be malignant and have worse outcomes. These tumors are considered “giant” when the lesion > 15 cm. Surgical treatment is the best choice for both benign and malignant neoplasms. We retrospectively analyzed the main case series of giant fibrous tumors of the pleura. In addition we report our experience of a 76-year-old woman treated by pre-surgical embolization involving implantation of vascular plugs. Surgery was successfully carried out without complications; imaging and functional assessment 6 months post intervention demonstrated both the absence of recurrence and improvement of lung function parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardiotho-racic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Cerqua
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Cammarata
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Izzo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Curcio
- A.O. dei Colli - Hosp. Monaldi - Thoracic Surgery Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Guarino
- A.O. dei Colli - Hosp. Monaldi - Bronchology Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Grella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Imma Forzano
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cennamo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Rocca
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/Hosp. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
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16
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Izzo A, Perrotta F, Cennamo A, Cerqua FS, Rinaldi L, Mazzella A, Grella E, Tranfa C, Bianco A, Stefanelli F, Mazzarella G. Spirometry in elderly laryngectomized patients: A feasibility study. Int J Surg 2016; 33 Suppl 1:S4-8. [PMID: 27255127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal cancer is the second most common respiratory neoplasm after lung cancer. Laryngectomy is a well established treatment for larynx cancers which involve relevant anatomic alterations. Spirometry is an essential investigation tool for diagnosis and severity of respiratory diseases, difficult to perform in laryngectomees. METHODS 43 consecutive laryngectomized patients were enrolled from July 2014 to March 2015. Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria underwent spirometry at baseline assessment and after two days. During the examination, the spirometer was placed directly on the stoma of the patient, through mouthpiece "Spirometry Filter 74". RESULTS At baseline, 26 eligible laryngectomees correctly performed the spirometry test with mouthpiece adhering to the stoma; 4 patients refused to perform the second spirometry after 2 days. The feasibility of spirometry examination in these patients was 100% despite difficulties in the execution of the test. The Pearson coefficient of reproducibility for FEV1, FVC and Tiffeneau Index was, respectively, 0.98, 0.94 and 0.77. DISCUSSION Spirometry in laryngectomee patients is a feasible procedure for assessment of respiratory function; despite technical difficulties in the execution of the test, our results underline the reproducibility and repeatability of the spirometry. In conclusion, when performed within dedicated respiratory pathophysiology unit, spirometry is a reliable tool in the assessment and follow up of laryngectomees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Izzo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cennamo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Saverio Cerqua
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Mazzella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, A.O. Dei Colli Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Grella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmelindo Tranfa
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Dei Colli Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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17
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Masiello R, Iadevaia C, Grella E, Tranfa C, Cerqua F, Rossi G, Santoro G, Amato B, Rocca A, De Dona R, Lavoretano S, Perrotta F. A case of Multiple Unilateral Pulmonary arteriovenous Malformation Relapse: Efficacy of embolization treatment. Open Med (Wars) 2015; 10:513-518. [PMID: 28352746 PMCID: PMC5368875 DOI: 10.1515/med-2015-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arteriovenous Malformations (PAVMs) are a rare vascular alteration characterized by abnormal communications between the pulmonary arteries and veins resulting in an extracardiac right-to-left (R-L) shunt. The majority of PAVMs are associated with an autosomal dominant vascular disorder also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome. PAVMs appearance can be both single and multiple. Clinical manifestations include hypoxemia, dyspnea cyanosis, hemoptysis and cerebrovascular ischemic events or abscesses. We report a case of an 18 year old female with severe respiratory failure caused by a relapse of multiple unilateral pulmonary arterovenous fistula. Symptoms at admission include dyspnea, cyanosis and clubbing. The patient underwent pulmonary angio-TC scan, brain CT and echocardiography. The thoracic angio-CT scan showed the presence of PAVMs of RUL and RLL; a marked increase of right bronchial artery caliber and its branches with an aneurismatic dilatation was also observed. The patient underwent percutaneous transcatheter embolization using Amplatzer Vascular Plug IV; a relevant clinical and functional improvement was subsequently recorded. Embolization is effective in the treatment of relapsing PAVMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Masiello
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Iadevaia
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Grella
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmelindo Tranfa
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerqua
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- U.O.C. Radiology A.O.R.N dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santoro
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Aldo Rocca
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Roberta De Dona
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lavoretano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences - Second University of Naples - Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
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18
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Sijan Z, Antkiewicz DS, Heo J, Kado NY, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C, Shafer MM. An in vitro alveolar macrophage assay for the assessment of inflammatory cytokine expression induced by atmospheric particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:836-851. [PMID: 24497439 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to air pollution in the form of particulate matter (PM) can result in excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the respiratory system, potentially causing both localized cellular injury and triggering a systemic inflammatory response. PM-induced inflammation in the lung is modulated in large part by alveolar macrophages and their biochemical signaling, including production of inflammatory cytokines, the primary mechanism via which inflammation is initiated and sustained. We developed a robust, relevant, and flexible method employing a rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383) which can be applied to routine samples of PM from air quality monitoring sites to gain insight into the drivers of PM toxicity that lead to oxidative stress and inflammation. Method performance was characterized using extracts of ambient and vehicular engine exhaust PM samples. Our results indicate that the reproducibility and the sensitivity of the method are satisfactory and comparisons between PM samples can be made with good precision. The average relative percent difference for all genes detected during 10 different exposures was 17.1%. Our analysis demonstrated that 71% of genes had an average signal to noise ratio (SNR) ≥ 3. Our time course study suggests that 4 h may be an optimal in vitro exposure time for observing short-term effects of PM and capturing the initial steps of inflammatory signaling. The 4 h exposure resulted in the detection of 57 genes (out of 84 total), of which 86% had altered expression. Similarities and conserved gene signaling regulation among the PM samples were demonstrated through hierarchical clustering and other analyses. Overlying the core congruent patterns were differentially regulated genes that resulted in distinct sample-specific gene expression "fingerprints." Consistent upregulation of Il1f5 and downregulation of Ccr7 was observed across all samples, while TNFα was upregulated in half of the samples and downregulated in the other half. Overall, this PM-induced cytokine expression assay could be effectively integrated into health studies and air quality monitoring programs to better understand relationships between specific PM components, oxidative stress activity and inflammatory signaling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Sijan
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Dagmara S Antkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53718, USA
| | - Jongbae Heo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Norman Y Kado
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53718, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Martin M Shafer
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53718, USA
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Bari MA, Kindzierski WB, Wallace LA, Wheeler AJ, MacNeill M, Héroux MÈ. Indoor and Outdoor Levels and Sources of Submicron Particles (PM1) at Homes in Edmonton, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6419-29. [PMID: 26000896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to submicron particles (PM1) is of interest due to their possible chronic and acute health effects. Seven consecutive 24-h PM1 samples were collected during winter and summer 2010 in a total of 74 nonsmoking homes in Edmonton, Canada. Median winter concentrations of PM1 were 2.2 μg/m(3) (interquartile range, IQR = 0.8-6.1 μg/m(3)) and 3.3 μg/m(3) (IQR = 1.5-6.9 μg/m(3)) for indoors and outdoors, respectively. In the summer, indoor (median 4.4 μg/m(3), IQR = 2.4-8.6 μg/m(3)) and outdoor (median 4.3 μg/m(3), IQR = 2.6-7.4 μg/m(3)) levels were similar. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify and apportion indoor and outdoor sources of elements in PM1 mass. Nine sources contributing to both indoor and outdoor PM1 concentrations were identified including secondary sulfate, soil, biomass smoke and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), traffic, settled and mixed dust, coal combustion, road salt/road dust, and urban mixture. Three additional indoor sources were identified i.e., carpet dust, copper-rich, and silver-rich. Secondary sulfate, soil, biomass smoke and ETS contributed more than 70% (indoors: 0.29 μg/m(3), outdoors: 0.39 μg/m(3)) of measured elemental mass in PM1. These findings can aid understanding of relationships between submicron particles and health outcomes for indoor/outdoor sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aynul Bari
- †School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-57 South Academic Building, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Warren B Kindzierski
- †School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-57 South Academic Building, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Lance A Wallace
- ‡Consultant, 428 Woodley Way, Santa Rosa, California 95409, United States
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- §Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Morgan MacNeill
- §Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Héroux
- §Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
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20
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De Simone G, Aquino G, Di Gioia C, Mazzarella G, Bianco A, Calcagno G. Efficacy of aerobic physical retraining in a case of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2015; 9:85. [PMID: 25928714 PMCID: PMC4422471 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-015-0570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema has recently been recognized as a syndrome but remains under-diagnosed. Neither clinical management nor therapeutic approaches have been clearly defined. Pulmonary rehabilitation has not been considered within the therapeutic options for combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. In this case we explored the potential benefits of a specific aerobic physical retraining program in the management of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian man with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and respiratory failure who was receiving long-term oxygen therapy. Our patient underwent physical retraining with moderate intensity aerobic and breathing exercises for four weeks. Clinical and motor tests, as well as questionnaires assessing quality of life and depression levels, were performed prior to and following the retraining. At the end of the retraining program a relevant reduction of long-term oxygen therapy requirement was registered; improvements in terms of physical performance, quality of life, and mood were observed in our patient but no change in respiratory parameters. CONCLUSIONS A program of aerobic physical retraining appears to be beneficial to patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and may be considered as an additional therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Simone
- Institute of Rehabilitation "Villa Margherita Benevento", Unit of Cardiology and Pneumology, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Aquino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Claudio Di Gioia
- Institute of Rehabilitation "Villa Margherita Benevento", Unit of Cardiology and Pneumology, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, "V Tiberio" University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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21
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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22
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Gandhi VD, Vliagoftis H. Airway epithelium interactions with aeroallergens: role of secreted cytokines and chemokines in innate immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:147. [PMID: 25883597 PMCID: PMC4382984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against the constituents of the inhaled air, which include allergens, pathogens, pollutants, and toxic compounds. The epithelium not only prevents the penetration of these foreign substances into the interstitium, but also senses their presence and informs the organism’s immune system of the impending assault. The epithelium accomplishes the latter through the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate innate immune cells at the site of assault. These epithelial responses aim to eliminate the inhaled foreign substances and minimize their detrimental effects to the organism. Quite frequently, however, the innate immune responses of the epithelium to inhaled substances lead to chronic and high level release of pro-inflammatory mediators that may mediate the lung pathology seen in asthma. The interactions of airway epithelial cells with allergens will be discussed with particular focus on interactions-mediated epithelial release of cytokines and chemokines and their role in the immune response. As pollutants are other major constituents of inhaled air, we will also discuss how pollutants may alter the responses of airway epithelial cells to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek D Gandhi
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
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Mazzarella G, Iadevaia C, Guerra G, Rocca A, Corcione N, Rossi G, Amore D, Brunese L, Bianco A. Intralobar pulmonary sequestration in an adult female patient mimicking asthma: a case report. Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 2:S73-S77. [PMID: 25159547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital broncho-pulmonary malformation. The main feature of this disease is that partial lung tissues separate from the main lung during the embryonic period, receiving blood supply from systemic circulation arteries. Pathogenesis of PS is not clear, and categorized into congenital and acquired PS. We report a case of a 38 year old woman smoker with medical history characterized by difficult to treat asthma with frequent exacerbations and infections since childhood. CT scan showed a partial PS of left lower lobe, supplied by an abnormal artery arising from supradiaphragmatic aortic diverticulum. Surgical treatment through a lung sequestrectomy and laterobasal segment resection was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Iadevaia
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Aldo Rocca
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Nadia Corcione
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dario Amore
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples/AORN Monaldi, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Brunese
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
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New insight into adiponectin role in obesity and obesity-related diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:658913. [PMID: 25110685 PMCID: PMC4109424 DOI: 10.1155/2014/658913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem strongly increasing the risk for various severe related complications such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that produces biologically active molecules defined “adipocytokines,” protein hormones with pleiotropic functions involved in the regulation of energy metabolism as well as in appetite, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell proliferation, and so forth. In obesity, fat accumulation causes dysregulation of adipokine production that strongly contributes to the onset of obesity-related diseases. Several advances have been made in the treatment and prevention of obesity but current medical therapies are often unsuccessful even in compliant patients. Among the adipokines, adiponectin shows protective activity in various processes such as energy metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding the protective properties of adiponectin and its receptors, AdipoRs (“adiponectin system”), on metabolic complications in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin, exhibiting antihyperglycemic, antiatherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, could have important clinical benefits in terms of development of therapies for the prevention and/or for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Ripabelli G, Tamburro M, Sammarco ML, de Laurentiis G, Bianco A. Asthma prevalence and risk factors among children and adolescents living around an industrial area: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1038. [PMID: 24188412 PMCID: PMC4228310 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exposure to air pollution has negative effects on human health, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases, such as asthma. Few data are yet available on the epidemiology of childhood asthma in some areas of Italy. The aim of the study was to estimate asthma prevalence and related risk factors in children and adolescents residents around the industrial area of Termoli, Molise region, Central-South Italy. Methods Prevalence was assessed through the administration of modified ISAAC questionnaires filled out by parents of 89 children and adolescents for the identification of confirmed and probable cases, and by analyzing pediatricians’ databases on drug prescriptions for symptoms control and treatment of assisted population in the study area (n = 1,004), compared to a control area (n = 920) with lower industrialization. The association of asthma with risk factors was evaluated by univariate (Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test) and regression logistic analysis. Results A total of 22 (24.7%) asthmatics were identified, including both confirmed (n = 7; 7.9%) and probable cases (n = 15; 16.8%), most of them (n = 17; 77.3%) resident of Termoli town. All asthma cases were georeferenced based on the residence, however clusters were not found. Using drug prescriptions analysis, a higher prevalence (n = 138; 13.7%) of diagnosed cases was found. Lifetime history of both atopic dermatitis and bronchitis were significantly relateds to asthma cases, as well as an elevated body mass index, whose association is consistent with prevalence data of overweight/obese children living in the study area. Moreover, being resident of the town of Termoli was associated to the occurrence of cases. Conclusions Although our data indicated a prevalence concordance with previous national studies in pediatric population, a definitive correlation with environmental industrial factors present in the study area was not established. However, asthma outcome was significantly associated to individuals living in the town of Termoli that, despite the industrial/manufacturing activities, is also subjected to a higher environmental pressure due to the presence of toll road, state highway, railroad, and seaport which may cause air pollution from motor vehicle traffic and increase asthma induction. This study provides hitherto unavailable data on asthma in childhood population living in an industrialized area which was never investigated before, could be part of a systematic review or meta-analysis procedure, might suggest significant findings for larger observational studies, and contribute to complete the frame of disease epidemiology in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ripabelli
- Chair of Hygiene, Department of Medicine and of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, Campobasso, 86100, Italy.
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Bergmann KC, Simoleit A, Wagener S, Mücke HG, Werchan M, Zuberbier T. Verteilung von Pollen und Feinstaub in einem städtischen Ballungsraum am Beispiel der Großstadt Berlin. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-013-0376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bianco A, Mazzarella G, Turchiarelli V, Nigro E, Corbi G, Scudiero O, Sofia M, Daniele A. Adiponectin: an attractive marker for metabolic disorders in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Nutrients 2013; 5:4115-25. [PMID: 24128974 PMCID: PMC3820062 DOI: 10.3390/nu5104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease which may be complicated by development of co-morbidities including metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders commonly associated with this disease contribute to lung function impairment and mortality. Systemic inflammation appears to be a major factor linking COPD to metabolic alterations. Adipose tissue seems to interfere with systemic inflammation in COPD patients by producing a large number of proteins, known as “adipokines”, involved in various processes such as metabolism, immunity and inflammation. There is evidence that adiponectin is an important modulator of inflammatory processes implicated in airway pathophysiology. Increased serum levels of adiponectin and expression of its receptors on lung tissues of COPD patients have recently highlighted the importance of the adiponectin pathway in this disease. Further, in vitro studies have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory activity for this adipokine at the level of lung epithelium. This review focuses on mechanisms by which adiponectin is implicated in linking COPD with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0874-409-263; Fax: +39-0874-404-752
| | - Gennaro Mazzarella
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Via Leonardo Bianchi, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Viviana Turchiarelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS–Fondazione SDN, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Loc. Tappino, Campobasso 86100, Italy; E-Mails: (V.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Matteo Sofia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, AO Monaldi, University of Naples Federico II, Via Leonardo Bianchi, Monaldi Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Naples 80145, Italy; E-Mails: (E.N.); (O.S.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS–Fondazione SDN, Naples 80131, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy
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Bergmann KC, Simoleit A, Wagener S, Mücke HG, Werchan M, Zuberbier T. The distribution of pollen and particulate matter in an urban agglomeration using the city of Berlin as an example. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-013-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Potential mechanisms linking atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk in COPD: focus on Sirtuins. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12696-713. [PMID: 23774840 PMCID: PMC3709808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of atherosclerosis is a multi-step process, at least in part controlled by the vascular endothelium function. Observations in humans and experimental models of atherosclerosis have identified monocyte recruitment as an early event in atherogenesis. Chronic inflammation is associated with ageing and its related diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Recently it has been discovered that Sirtuins (NAD+-dependent deacetylases) represent a pivotal regulator of longevity and health. They appear to have a prominent role in vascular biology and regulate aspects of age-dependent atherosclerosis. Many studies demonstrate that SIRT1 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in vitro (e.g., fatty acid-induced inflammation), in vivo (e.g., atherosclerosis, sustainment of normal immune function in knock-out mice) and in clinical studies (e.g., patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Because of a significant reduction of SIRT1 in rodent lungs exposed to cigarette smoke and in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), activation of SIRT1 may be a potential target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy. We review the inflammatory mechanisms involved in COPD-CVD coexistence and the potential role of SIRT1 in the regulation of these systems.
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Honda A, Murayama R, Tsuji K, Matsuda Y, Koike E, Okamoto Y, Shirasawa N, Takano H. Streamer discharge reduces pollen-induced inflammatory responses and injury in human airway epithelial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:187-92. [PMID: 23576800 DOI: 10.1177/1535370212473693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated that cedar pollen influences respiratory health, effective method for inactivating cedar pollen has not been established. Streamer discharge is a type of plasma discharge in which high-speed electrons collide with oxygen and nitrogen molecules. It reportedly has the ability to eliminate bacteria, mould, chemical substances and allergens. The present study investigated the influence of pollen on BEAS-2B cell line, derived from human airway epithelial cells, as well as the efficiency of streamer discharge on pollen-induced health effects. Airway epithelial cells were exposed to non-treated pollen and streamer-discharged pollen at doses of 100 and 1000 μg/mL for 6 or 24 h. Non-treated pollen at a dose of 1000 μg/mL significantly decreased cell viability and induced both mRNA and protein expression of interleukin-6, whereas streamer-discharged pollen showed the attenuated changes as compared with non-treated pollen. Further, scanning electron micrographs showed that streamer discharge caused the fine structural changes of pollen. These results provide the first experimental evidence that pollen at a high dose affects cell viability and inflammatory responses, and streamer discharge technology attenuates their influences by decomposing pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University C Cluster, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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Nigro E, Scudiero O, Sarnataro D, Mazzarella G, Sofia M, Bianco A, Daniele A. Adiponectin affects lung epithelial A549 cell viability counteracting TNFα and IL-1ß toxicity through AdipoR1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1145-53. [PMID: 23500159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) exerts protective functions on metabolic and cellular processes as energy metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation by two widely expressed receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To date, the biological role of Acrp30 in lung has not been completely assessed but altered levels of Acrp30 and modulated expression of both AdipoRs have been related to establishment and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of Acrp30 on A549, a human alveolar epithelial cell line, showing how, in a time and dose-dependent manner, it decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis through ERK1/2 and AKT. Furthermore, we examined the effects of Acrp30 on A549 cells exposed to TNFα and/or IL-1ß, two potent lung inflammatory cytokines. We showed that Acrp30, in dose- and time-dependent manner, reduces cytotoxic effects of TNFα and/or IL-1ß improving cell viability and decreasing apoptosis. In addition, Acrp30 inhibits NF-κB nuclear trans-activation and induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine without modifying that of pro-inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 molecules via ERK1/2 and AKT. Finally, specifically silencing AdipoR1 or AdipoR2, we observed that NF-κB inhibition is mainly mediated by AdipoR1. Taken together, our data provides novel evidence for a direct effect of Acrp30 on the proliferation and inflammation status of A549 cells strongly supporting the hypothesis for a protective role of Acrp30 in lung. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the Acrp30 lung effects in vivo but our results confirm this adipokine as a promising therapeutic target in lung diseases.
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Esposito V, Lucariello A, Savarese L, Cinelli MP, Ferraraccio F, Bianco A, De Luca A, Mazzarella G. Morphology changes in human lung epithelial cells after exposure to diesel exhaust micron sub particles (PM₁.₀) and pollen allergens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 171:162-167. [PMID: 22922455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the recent literature there has been an increased interest in the effects of particulate matter on the respiratory tract. The objective of this study was to use an in vitro model of type II lung epithelium (A549) to evaluate the cell ability to take up sub-micron PM(1.0) particles (PM(1.0)), Parietaria officinalis (ALL), and PM(1.0) + ALL together. Morphological analysis performed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed that PM and ALL interacted with the cell surface, then penetrating into the cytoplasm. Each single treatment was able to point out a specific change in the morphology. The cells treated appear healthy and not apoptotic. The main effect was the increase of: multilamellar bodies, lysosomal enzymes, microvilli, and presence of vesicle/vacuoles containing particles. These observations demonstrate morphological and functional alterations related to the PM(1.0) and P. officinalis and confirm the induction of the inflammatory response in lung cells exposed to the inhalable particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Human Anatomy, Second University of Naples, Italy
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