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Sun Y, Francois R, Pawlowicz R, Maldonado MT, Stevens SW, Soon M. Distribution, sources and dispersion of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the water column of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162174. [PMID: 36781132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved and particulate polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were measured in the water column of the Strait of Georgia (SoG), Haro Strait, Juan de Fuca Strait, Burrard Inlet, and the Fraser River to assess their sources and dispersion. Total PBDE concentrations in the water column of the southern basin of the SoG are surprisingly high (similar to the load reported for coastal zones heavily impacted by human activities). Moreover, the dissolved fraction (i.e. passing through a 2.2 μm pore size filter) accounts for >95 % of the total load, which is unlike what is more typically found in other coastal zones, where particulate PBDEs generally dominate. Decreasing concentrations away from the southern SoG, eventually reaching typical open ocean values in Juan de Fuca Strait, point to the Vancouver metropolitan area as the main proximal source of PBDEs. About half of the direct PBDE input comes from wastewater treatment plants, with atmospheric deposition and the Fraser river accounting for most of the rest. However, these direct sources alone cannot explain the high dissolved PBDE load observed in the water column of southern SoG. PBDE scavenging rates estimated from concentration gradients and water transit times imply a PBDE flux to the seafloor which largely exceeds the measured burial rates of PBDEs in sediments. To reconcile these observations and explain the dominance of the dissolved fraction in the water column of the southern SoG, we invoke and provide supporting evidence for the release of colloidal PBDE from the resuspension of PBDE-contaminated sediments by bottom currents. If confirmed, this continued PBDE exchange between sediments and the water column would maintain high levels of PBDEs, and possibly other hydrophobic and persistent organic contaminants, in the water column of the southern SoG until the contaminated sediments are buried below the sediment mixed layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Sun
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall #2020, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Roger Francois
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall #2020, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Richard Pawlowicz
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall #2020, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maria T Maldonado
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall #2020, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Samuel W Stevens
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall #2020, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maureen Soon
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall #2020, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Provost T, McCarthy TM. Aquatic Hermaphrodite Snails Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Experience Increased Mortality, Reduced Reproduction, and Endocrine Disruption. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2022. [DOI: 10.1656/045.029.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nakajima R, Kawato M, Fujiwara Y, Tsuchida S, Ritchie H, Fujikura K. Occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in deep-sea sharks from Suruga Bay, Japan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113427. [PMID: 35150990 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the prevalence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in deep-sea sharks. In this study, the levels and profiles of PBDEs were determined in liver samples of eight different species of deep-sea sharks collected in Suruga Bay, Japan. Widespread contamination of PBDEs in the deep-sea environment was reconfirmed in this study as these persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were detected in all specimens analyzed. Mean ΣPBDE levels in the deep-sea sharks ranged from 7 to 517 ng/g of lipid weight. The distribution patterns of BDE homologues were similar in all species where tetra-BDEs provided the dominant contribution to total PBDEs (46%). PBDEs levels were similar to, or higher than, those seen in other deep-sea sharks from different regions. The levels of PBDEs were likely to reflect their feeding preferences as higher PBDE levels were seen in species with higher trophic positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Masaru Kawato
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsuchida
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Heather Ritchie
- RZSS WildGenes, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katsunori Fujikura
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
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Burd BJ, Lowe CJ, Morales-Caselles C. Uptake of PCBs into sediment dwellers and trophic transfer in relation to sediment conditions in the Salish Sea. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into various marine sediment feeders relative to physical and geochemical factors and transfer to higher trophic levels. PCBs exceeding Canadian Council Ministers of the Environment Guidelines by 6–55× were found in industrialized harbours and some near-outfall sediments, indicating ongoing land input. Sediment PCBs were correlated with organic flux and content. Tissue PCBs were >10× sediment PCBs in all samples and highest in Victoria Harbour infauna, suggesting considerable uptake from these extremely contaminated, organically enriched, chronically disturbed sediments. Sediment PCBs were the primary predictor of tissue lipid PCBs followed by %fines. This results in generally higher tissue PCBs in more depositional regions. The lipid/sediment PCBs (uptake rate) declined with increasing sediment PCBs, acid volatile sulfides and benthos biomass turnover. PCB homologue composition did not change with uptake from sediments or at higher trophic levels, suggesting minimal metabolization in tissues. Trophic bio-magnification occurs since lipid PCBs were 2–100× higher in seal blubber than sediment feeders. PCBs were compared with polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) for the same samples. PCBs were highest in industrialized harbours, whereas PBDEs were elevated in harbours but highest near wastewater discharges. This reflects differences in usage history, sediment dynamics, and affinities. PCBs appear to be more bio-accumulative and persistent at higher trophic levels than PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Burd
- Ecostat Research Ltd., North Saanich, BC V8L 5P6, Canada
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Zhu Z, Dai Y, Zhang R, Shi J, Zhang X, Liu B, Feng M. Occurrence, distribution and partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) in Chaohu Lake, Southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116751. [PMID: 33647806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs) are a class of compounds structurally similar to dioxins that possess various toxicological impacts on living organisms. Unfortunately, information on the levels of PCDTs in freshwater lakes in China is still scarce. In this work, the occurrence of 14 congeners of PCDTs in different matrices (i.e., sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and water) of Chaohu Lake was investigated. It was determined that the concentrations of 14 PCDTs (Σ14PCDTs) in the sediment, SPM, and surface water were 0.40-3.55 ng g-1 (dry weight, d.w.), 0.38-2.95 ng·g-1 d.w., and 0.34-2.61 ng L-1, respectively. The dominant congener found in sediments was 1,2,3,4,7-penta-CDT (19.54%), and 1,3,9-tri-CDT was the predominant congener in SPM (19.13%) and water (20.08%). Medium- and high-chlorinated PCDTs were detected as the major compounds in sediments and SPM. The low-chlorinated PCDTs (e.g., mono-CDTs) have higher relative percentages in the water than those detected in the sediment samples. The annual Σ14PCDT input of the eight main tributaries to Chaohu Lake was 19.90 kg. A strong linear correlation between the Σ14PCDT levels and the organic carbon (OC) content demonstrated that OC had an important influence on the PCDT redistribution in Chaohu Lake. In addition, the organic carbon normalized partitioning coefficient (logKOC) of PCDTs in the SPM-water system in Chaohu Lake was 1.95-2.49 mL g-1, and correlations between logKOC and other typical environment-related properties of PCDTs were established. This study provided useful data on the evaluation of ecological risks of PCDTs in Chaohu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zhu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China; Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yinying Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Shandong Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Ecological Environment, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China; Laboratory of Wetland Protection and Ecological Restoration, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Bingxiang Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Conn KE, Liedtke TL, Takesue RK, Dinicola RS. Legacy and current-use toxic contaminants in Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) from Puget Sound, Washington, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111287. [PMID: 32753166 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forage fish are primary prey for seabirds, fish and marine mammals. Contaminant transfer and biomagnification of the toxic compounds measured in this study likely contribute to elevated levels in Puget Sound, Washington, salmon and killer whale tissues that could be sufficiently high to elicit adverse effects and hamper population recovery efforts. Polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, chlorinated pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, and chlorinated paraffins were detected in all Pacific sand lance tissue samples generally below available health effect levels. Residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tissue concentrations near a former creosote site suggest ongoing contaminant exposure. Biomagnification calculations suggest that concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in some forage fish could result in predator tissue concentrations exceeding effect levels. The emerging contaminants alkylphenols and chlorinated paraffins are first reported here in Puget Sound forage fish, and their frequent detection, high production volumes and endocrine-disrupting properties highlight the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Conn
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America.
| | - T L Liedtke
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Columbia River Research Laboratory, 5501A Cook-Underwood Road, Cook, WA 98605, United States of America.
| | - R K Takesue
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, 2885 Mission Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States of America.
| | - R S Dinicola
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America.
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Park JC, Hagiwara A, Park HG, Lee JS. The glutathione S-transferase genes in marine rotifers and copepods: Identification of GSTs and applications for ecotoxicological studies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111080. [PMID: 32510351 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various xenobiotics are constantly being released and accumulated into the aquatic environments and consequently, the aquatic organisms are continuously being exposed to exogenous stressors. Among various xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is one of the major xenobiotic detoxifying enzyme which is widely distributed among living organisms and thus, understanding of the nature of GSTs is crucial. Previous studies have shown GST activity in response to various xenobiotics yet, full identification of GSTs in marine invertebrates is still limited. This review covers information on the importance of GSTs as a biomarker for emerging chemicals and their response to wide ranges of environmental pollutants as well as in-depth phylogenetic analysis of marine invertebrates, including recently identified GSTs belonging to rotifers (Brachionus spp.) and copepods (Tigriopus japonicus and Paracyclopina nana), with unique class-specific features of GSTs, as well as a new suggestion of GST evolutionary pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Assessing Surface Sediment Contamination by PBDE in a Recharge Point of Guarani Aquifer in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in several products, although they can act as neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and endocrine disruptors in organisms. In Brazil, their levels in aquatic sediments are poorly known; thus, concerns about the degree of exposure of the Brazilian population to PBDEs have grown. This study aimed to quantify the presence of PBDEs in sediment samples from an important groundwater water supply in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, and to contribute to studies related to the presence of PBDEs in Brazilian environments. Gas chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD) was used for quantification after submitting the samples to ultrasound-assisted extraction and clean-up steps. Results showed the presence of six PBDE, BDE-47 being the most prevalent in the samples, indicating a major contamination of the penta-PBDE commercial mixture. The concentration of ΣPBDEs (including BDE-28, -47, -66, -85, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154 and -209) varied between nd (not detected) to 5.4 ± 0.2 ng g−1. Although preliminary, our data show the anthropic contamination of a direct recharge area of the Aquifer Guarani by persistent and banned substances.
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Tham TT, Anh HQ, Trinh LT, Lan VM, Truong NX, Yen NTH, Anh NL, Tri TM, Minh TB. Distributions and seasonal variations of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediment from coastal areas of central Vietnam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:28-35. [PMID: 31179998 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in surface sediment from five estuaries of central coasts of Vietnam to understand the spatial distributions and seasonal variations. The contamination pattern was in the order: PCBs (9.72-3730 ng g-1 dry wt.) > PBDEs (11.8-311 ng g-1 dry wt.) > DDTs (0.462-26.7 ng g-1 dry wt.) > HCHs (0.491-22.6 ng g-1 dry wt.) > endosulfan compounds (0.196-19.4 ng g-1 dry wt.). DDTs and HCHs showed a little geographical variation, whereas PCBs and PBDEs exhibited clearer spatial distribution trend. Elevated concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs were detected in some sites in Nghe An and Quang Binh Province, which could be related to the human activities such as tourism, transportation, and domestic consumption. Seasonal variations of DDTs and HCHs were observed, showing higher residues in rainy seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Thi Tham
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Cau Dien, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Quoc Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Le Thi Trinh
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Cau Dien, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Vi Mai Lan
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nghiem Xuan Truong
- Vietnam-Russia Tropical Center, Ministry of Defense, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Yen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Lan Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Manh Tri
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Burd B, Lowe C, Morales-Caselles C, Noel M, Ross P, Macdonald T. Uptake and trophic changes in polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the benthic marine food chain in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Facets (Ott) 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the physical and geochemical effects of sediment on the uptake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) into marine sediment feeders and their transfer to higher trophic fauna. Sediment PBDEs increased with % total organic carbon (%TOC), organic carbon (OC) flux and grain size (%fines). Tissue PBDE variance was best explained ( R2 = 0.70) by sediment acid volatile sulfides (AVS), PBDEs, and organic lability and input, with the highest values near wastewater outfalls. Dry weight tissue/sediment PBDEs declined with increasing sediment PBDEs, resulting in tissue dilution (ratio <1) at >10 000 pg/g in harbours. Ratios also decreased with increasing %fines, resulting in regional differences. These patterns imply that high levels of fines and high sediment concentrations make PBDEs less bioavailable. Dry weight PBDEs increased >100× between background deposit feeders and predators (polychaetes, crabs, bottom fish, seal), but lipid normalized PBDEs barely increased (<1.3%), suggesting remarkably high uptake in low-lipid sediment feeders, and that PBDEs don’t accumulate at higher trophic levels, but lipid content does. Filter feeders had lower lipid-normalized PBDEs than deposit feeders, highlighting the importance of food resources in higher trophic fauna for bioaccumulation. The most profound congener change occurred with sediment uptake, with nona/deca-BDEs declining and tetra-hexa-BDEs increasing. Harbour sediment feeders had more deca-BDEs than other samples, suggesting PBDEs mostly pass unmodifed through them. Deca-BDEs persist patchily in all tissues, reflecting variable dependence on sediment/pelagic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Burd
- Ecostat Research Ltd., North Saanich, Vancouver, BC V8L 5P6, Canada
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Chris Lowe
- Capital Regional District, Victoria, BC V8W 2S6, Canada
| | | | - Marie Noel
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Peter Ross
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada
| | - Tara Macdonald
- Biologica Environmental Services Ltd., Victoria, BC V8T 5H2, Canada
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Krogh J, Ianson D, Hamme RC, Lowe CJ. Risks of hypoxia and acidification in the high energy coastal environment near Victoria, Canada's untreated municipal sewage outfalls. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:517-531. [PMID: 30041345 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater disposal often has deleterious impacts on the receiving environment. Low dissolved oxygen levels are particularly concerning. Here, we investigate the impacts on dissolved oxygen and carbon chemistry of screened municipal wastewater in the marine waters off Victoria, Canada. We analyzed data from undersea moorings, ship-based monitoring, and remotely-operated vehicle video. We used these observations to construct a two-layer model of the nearfield receiving environment. Despite the lack of advanced treatment, dissolved oxygen levels near the outfalls were well above a 62 μmol kg-1 hypoxic threshold. Furthermore, the impact on water column oxygen at the outfall is likely <2 μmol kg-1. Dissolved inorganic carbon is not elevated and pH not depressed compared to the surrounding region. Strong tidal currents and cold, well-ventilated waters give Victoria's marine environment a high assimilative capacity for organic waste. However, declining oxygen levels offshore put water near the outfall at risk of future hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Krogh
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Capital Regional District, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Debby Ianson
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Roberta C Hamme
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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Horri K, Alfonso S, Cousin X, Munschy C, Loizeau V, Aroua S, Bégout ML, Ernande B. Fish life-history traits are affected after chronic dietary exposure to an environmentally realistic marine mixture of PCBs and PBDEs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:531-545. [PMID: 28830046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants that have been shown to affect fish life-history traits such as reproductive success, growth and survival. At the individual level, their toxicity and underlying mechanisms of action have been studied through experimental exposure. However, the number of experimental studies approaching marine environmental situations is scarce, i.e., in most cases, individuals are exposed to either single congeners, or single types of molecules, or high concentrations, so that results can hardly be transposed to natural populations. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of chronic dietary exposure to an environmentally realistic marine mixture of PCB and PBDE congeners on zebrafish life-history traits from larval to adult stage. Exposure was conducted through diet from the first meal and throughout the life cycle of the fish. The mixture was composed so as to approach environmentally relevant marine conditions in terms of both congener composition and concentrations. Life-history traits of exposed fish were compared to those of control individuals using several replicate populations in each treatment. We found evidence of slower body growth, but to a larger asymptotic length, and delayed spawning probability in exposed fish. In addition, offspring issued from early spawning events of exposed fish exhibited a lower larval survival under starvation condition. Given their strong dependency on life-history traits, marine fish population dynamics and associated fisheries productivity for commercial species could be affected by such individual-level effects of PCBs and PBDEs on somatic growth, spawning probability and larval survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Horri
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Centre Manche Mer du Nord, 150 quai Gambetta, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France; UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, URCA, ULH, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France.
| | - Sébastien Alfonso
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Station de La Rochelle, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- UMR MARBEC, IFREMER, IRD, UM2, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Adaptabilités des Animaux et des Systèmes, Route de Maguelone, F-34250 Palavas, France; INRA, UMR GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Catherine Munschy
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques, Centre Atlantique, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Véronique Loizeau
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques, Centre Bretagne, ZI Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Salima Aroua
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, URCA, ULH, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Université Le Havre Normandie, F-76063 Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Station de La Rochelle, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - Bruno Ernande
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Centre Manche Mer du Nord, 150 quai Gambetta, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France
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Frouin H, Jackman P, Dangerfield ND, Ross PS. Effects of Feeding Strategy, Sediment Characteristics, and Chemical Properties on Polychlorinated Biphenyl and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Bioaccumulation from Marine Sediments in Two Invertebrates. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:256-269. [PMID: 28528407 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish and sediment invertebrates have been widely used to assess pollution trends over space and time in coastal environments around the world. However, few studies have compared the bioaccumulation potential of different test species over a range of sediment-contaminant concentrations and profiles. The bioavailability of sediment-related contaminants was evaluated using sediments collected from sites (n = 12) throughout the Salish Sea, British Columbia, Canada. Two benthic marine invertebrates-the Baltic clam Macoma balthica and the polychaete worm Neanthes arenaceodentata-were exposed for 28 days in a controlled environment to these field-collected coastal sediments. The congener-specific uptake of legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and emergent polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was determined using high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in sediments and in invertebrates after the experimental exposure. The polychaete Neanthes accumulated lower concentrations of PCBs but higher concentrations of PBDEs. The present study indicates that differences in bioaccumulation between these two invertebrates shape the accumulation of PCB and PBDE congeners, reflect differences in feeding strategies, and reveal the physicochemical properties of the contaminants and sediment properties. Because biota-sediment accumulation factor values are often calculated for environmental monitoring or site-specific impact assessments, our results provide insight into potentially confounding factors and the need for caution when selecting indicator species for coastal marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Frouin
- Ocean Pollution Research Program, Coastal Ocean Research Institute, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, PO Box 3232, Vancouver, BC, V6B 3X8, Canada
| | - P Jackman
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, PO Box 23005, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada
| | - N D Dangerfield
- Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, Institute of Ocean Sciences, PO Box 6000, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada
| | - P S Ross
- Ocean Pollution Research Program, Coastal Ocean Research Institute, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, PO Box 3232, Vancouver, BC, V6B 3X8, Canada.
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Yost AT, Thornton LM, Venables BJ, Sellin Jeffries MK. Dietary exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE-47) inhibits development and alters thyroid hormone-related gene expression in the brain of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:237-244. [PMID: 27838513 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the thyroid-disrupting effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) across multiple levels of biological organization in anurans, despite their suitability for the screening of thyroid disruptors. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on development, thyroid histology and thyroid hormone-related gene expression in Xenopus laevis exposed to 0 (control), 50 (low), 500 (medium) or 5000μg BDE-47/g food (high) for 21days. Only the high dose of BDE-47 hindered growth and development; however, thyroid hormone-associated gene expression was downregulated in the brains of tadpoles regardless of dose. These results show that BDE-47 disrupts thyroid hormone signaling at the molecular and whole-organism levels and suggest that gene expression in the brain is a more sensitive endpoint than metamorphosis. Furthermore, the altered gene expression patterns among BDE-47-exposed tadpoles provide insight into the mechanisms of PBDE-induced thyroid disruption and highlight the potential for PBDEs to act as neurodevelopmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Yost
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Leah M Thornton
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Barney J Venables
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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15
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Ruczyńska W, Szlinder-Richert J, Drgas A. The occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds in off-shore sediments from the southern Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1193-1207. [PMID: 27461960 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study on the occurrence and spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), butyltin compounds (BTCs), bisphenol A (BPA), and alkylphenols (APs) in sediments. The study focused mainly on off-shore surface sediments collected from the southern Baltic Sea. The pollutant concentrations were as follows: <LOQ-0.158 μg kg(-1) dw ∑9PBDEs, 0.02-1.06 μg kg(-1) dw BDE-209; <LOQ-20.13 μg Sn kg(-1) dw ∑BTCs and 2.7-1001 μg kg(-1) dw nonylphenols (NPs). The spatial distribution of the analyzed compounds was highly related to the organic matter content in the sediments. Only BDE-209 concentrations were the highest in sandy sediments collected near the point source of pollution. This suggests the fresh anthropogenic input of BDE-209 into the marine environment. The principal component analysis (PCA) confirms these observations-the distribution of ∑BTCs, NPs, and ∑9PBDEs was mainly determined by the physicochemical properties of the sediments, while the distribution of BDE-209 was also related to other factors, such as proximity to the pollution source. According to the environmental standards applied in this work, NPs, and to a lesser extent TBT, might pose a risk to aquatic life in the present study area as they occur in some sediments in concentrations higher than those that might cause adverse effects on biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesława Ruczyńska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland.
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16
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Lee IS, Kang HH, Kim UJ, Oh JE. Brominated flame retardants in Korean river sediments, including changes in polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations between 2006 and 2009. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 126:18-24. [PMID: 25655576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants were analyzed in sediment samples from the Nakdong River basin, Korea. The total concentrations of the 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), including decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE 209), analyzed were 0.55-300 ng g(-1) dry weight (dw), the BDE 209 concentrations were 0.39-190 ng g(-1) dw, the tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) concentrations were 0.05-150 ng g(-1) dw, and the total hexabromocyclododecane (sum of α-, β-, γ-HBCDs) concentrations were 0.11-19 ng g(-1) dw. The PBDE and HBCD concentrations were comparable to or lower than the concentrations found in sediments from other countries, whereas the TBBPA concentrations were comparable to or higher than the concentrations found in other countries. The TBBPA concentrations were similar to or lower than the PBDE concentrations, even though more than twice as much TBBPA as total PBDEs is consumed in Korea, and this phenomenon was probably caused by TBBPA and PBDEs being used differently during the manufacture of products, and their different half-lives in sediment and affinities for the particle phase in aquatic environments. Sediment samples from several sampling sites close to facilities where expandable polystyrene, epoxy, and polycarbonate resins are manufactured and handled had relatively high TBBPA and HBCD concentrations. Temporal changes in the PBDE concentration strongly correlated with temporal variations in the geochemical compositions such as total organic carbon content and grain size value of the sediment. The PBDE and HBCD distribution profiles in the sediment samples indicated that commercial PBDE and HBCD products were released locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seok Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hyung Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Beon-gil 2, Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Jung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Beon-gil 2, Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 139-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Beon-gil 2, Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Gentes ML, Mazerolle MJ, Giroux JF, Patenaude-Monette M, Verreault J. Tracking the sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in birds: foraging in waste management facilities results in higher DecaBDE exposure in males. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:361-371. [PMID: 25769125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Differences in feeding ecology are now recognized as major determinants of inter-individual variations in contaminant profiles of free-ranging animals, but exceedingly little attention has been devoted to the role of habitat use. Marked inter-individual variations and high levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (e.g., DecaBDE) have previously been documented in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) breeding in a colony near Montreal (QC, Canada). However, the environmental sources of these compounds, and thus the reasons causing these large inter-individual variations remain unidentified. In the present study, we used GPS-based telemetry (±5 to 10m precision) to track ring-billed gulls from this colony to reconstruct their movements at the landscape level. We related habitat use of individual gulls (n=76) to plasma concentrations (ng/g ww) and relative contributions (percentages) to Σ38PBDEs of major congeners in the internationally restricted PentaBDE and current-use DecaBDE mixtures. Male gulls that visited waste management facilities (WMFs; i.e., landfills, wastewater treatment plants and related facilities; 25% of all GPS-tracked males) exhibited greater DecaBDE (concentrations and percentages) and lower PentaBDE (percentages) relative to those that did not. In contrast, no such relationships were found in females. Moreover, in males, DecaBDE (concentrations and percentages) increased with percentages of time spent in WMFs (i.e., ~5% of total foraging time), while PentaBDE (percentages) decreased. No relationships between percentages of time spent in other habitats (i.e., urban areas, agriculture fields, and St. Lawrence River) were found in either sex. These findings suggest that animals breeding in the vicinity of WMFs as well as mobile species that only use these sites for short stopovers to forage, could be at risk of enhanced DecaBDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Line Gentes
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boulevard de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada J9X 5E9.
| | - Jean-François Giroux
- Groupe de recherche en écologie comportementale et animale, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
| | - Martin Patenaude-Monette
- Groupe de recherche en écologie comportementale et animale, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
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18
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Johannessen SC, Macdonald RW, Burd B, van Roodselaar A, Bertold S. Local environmental conditions determine the footprint of municipal effluent in coastal waters: a case study in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:228-239. [PMID: 25481251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To predict the likely effects of management action on any point source discharge into the coastal ocean, it is essential to understand both the composition of the effluent and the environmental conditions in the receiving waters. We illustrate a broadly-applicable approach to evaluating the comprehensive environmental footprint of a discharge, using regional geochemical budgets and nearfield monitoring. We take as a case study municipal effluent discharged into the Strait of Georgia (west coast of Canada), where there has been public controversy over the discharge of screened or primary-treated effluent directly into the ocean. Wastewater contributes ≤ 1% of the nitrogen, organic carbon and oxygen demand in the Strait and is unlikely to cause eutrophication, harmful algal blooms or hypoxia in this region. Metals (Hg, Pb, Cd) are controlled by natural cycles augmented by past mining and urbanization, with 0.3-5% of the flux contributed by wastewater. Wastewater contributes ~5% of PCBs but ≤ 60% of PBDEs and is likely also important for pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Effects of high organic flux on benthos are measurable in the immediate receiving environment. The availability of particle-active contaminants to enter the food chain depends on how long those contaminants remain in the sediment surface mixed layer before burial. Secondary treatment, slated for completion in Vancouver in 2030, will reduce fluxes of some contaminants, but will have negligible effect on regional budgets for organic carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, metals and PCBs. Removal of PBDEs from wastewater will affect regional budgets, depending on how the sludge is sequestered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Johannessen
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 W. Saanich Rd., P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
| | - Robie W Macdonald
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 W. Saanich Rd., P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
| | - Brenda Burd
- Ecostat Research Ltd., 1040 Clayton Rd., N. Saanich, BC V8L 5P6, Canada.
| | | | - Stan Bertold
- Metro Vancouver, 4330 Kingsway, Burnaby, BC V5H 4G8, Canada.
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19
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Burd BJ, Macdonald TA, Macdonald RW, Ross PS. Distribution and uptake of key polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in benthic infauna relative to sediment organic enrichment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:310-334. [PMID: 24699838 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As part of a broader study of budgets, transport, and bioaccumulation of persistent organic contaminants in the Strait of Georgia, Canada, matching samples of sediment and bulk benthos were collected near two marine sewage outfalls, two large urban harbours, and background areas. Samples were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners. We present data for those congeners that fell within the top six rankings by concentration (23 PCBs and 10 PBDEs) within at least one of the environmental media measured in other studies (air, water, sediments, benthos, pelagic biota). Multifactor regression analyses incorporating sediment characteristics (total organic carbon, fines) predicted uptake (r (2) = 0.74 to 0.98, p < 0.04) over the range of congeners and habitats examined. PBDEs were taken up by biota more readily than PCBs, suggesting a large, potentially available biological reservoir of PBDEs in sediments. Dominant congeners in benthos comprised PBDEs 47, 99, 209, and 100 and PCBs 138/163, 153, 101, 118, and 110. PBDE uptake was anomalously high near one wastewater outfall, likely due to selective feeding on PBDE-enriched particulates from that source. Conversely, outfalls supply food and sediments with PCB concentrations similar to ambient sediments. However, organic enrichment of sediments near outfalls clearly enhanced PCB uptake by benthos, probably due to greatly increased biomass turnover near these sources. Data suggest there to be an initial reservoir of PCBs in newly settled juvenile benthos, which is much less evident for PBDEs. This is likely a consequence of the ecosystem-wide distribution of legacy PCBs but not the more current-use PBDEs. Congener-uptake patterns were dependent on source and input dynamics, feeding methods, and contaminant metabolism or debromination, particularly of deca-BDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Burd
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada,
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20
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21
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Desforges JPW, Dangerfield N, Shaw PD, Ross PS. Heightened biological uptake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers relative to polychlorinated biphenyls near-source revealed by sediment and plankton profiles along a coastal transect in British Columbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6981-6988. [PMID: 24846277 DOI: 10.1021/es500218b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations and profiles in paired sediment-plankton samples were determined along a 500 km transect in coastal British Columbia, Canada. PCB and PBDE levels in sediment were both greater in the industrialized Strait of Georgia than in remote northern sites and exhibited parallel spatial trends. In plankton, recent-use PBDE levels were higher near-source, while levels of legacy PCBs were uniform across sites. Principal component analysis of 95 PCB congeners illustrated the influence of proximity to source (i.e., latitude) on congener patterns for both matrices (sediment, r(2) = 0.52, p = 0.012; plankton, r(2) = 0.59, p = 0.016). The PCB pattern in plankton grew lighter with latitude, but the opposite pattern in sediments suggested that temperature-related fractionation, sediment processes, and basin-wide oceanography had divergent effects on each matrix. Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were greater for PBDEs than PCBs, but spatial profiles were similar; PCBs and PBDEs were near equilibrium in remote atmospherically driven sites (BSAF = 1.7 and 1.3) but accumulated preferentially in sediments at source-driven sites (BSAF = 0.2 and 0.4). The influences of particle-binding and hydrophobicity on the aquatic fate of PCBs and PBDEs was evident by the strong influence of log KOW on congener-specific BSAFs (PCBs, r(2) = 0.18 p < 0.001; PBDEs, r(2) = 0.61 p < 0.001). While biotic uptake of PCBs has become spatially uniform in coastal BC because of dilution over time, biomagnification of PBDEs remains higher in industrialized waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre W Desforges
- Ocean Pollution Research Program, Vancouver Aquarium, P.O. Box 3232, Vancouver BC V6B 3X8, Canada
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22
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Nilsen E, Zaugg S, Alvarez D, Morace J, Waite I, Counihan T, Hardiman J, Torres L, Patiño R, Mesa M, Grove R. Contaminants of legacy and emerging concern in largescale suckers (Catostomus macrocheilus) and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 484:344-352. [PMID: 24462179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated occurrence, transport pathways, and effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic media and the foodweb in the lower Columbia River. In 2009 and 2010, foodweb sampling at three sites along a gradient of contaminant exposure near Skamania (Washington), Columbia City (Oregon) and Longview (Washington) included water (via passive samplers), bed sediment, invertebrate biomass residing in sediment, a resident fish species (largescale suckers [Catostomus macrocheilus]), and eggs from osprey (Pandion haliaetus). This paper primarily reports fish tissue concentrations. In 2009, composites of fish brain, fillet, liver, stomach, and gonad tissues revealed that overall contaminant concentrations were highest in livers, followed by brain, stomach, gonad, and fillet. Concentrations of halogenated compounds in tissue samples from all three sites ranged from <1 to 400nanograms per gram of wet tissue. Several chemical classes, including PBDEs, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were detected at all sites and in nearly all fish tissues sampled. In 2010, only fish livers were sampled and inter-site concentration differences were not as pronounced as in 2009. Chemical concentrations in sediments, fish tissues, and osprey eggs increased moving downstream from Skamania to the urbanized sites near Columbia City and Longview. Numerous organochlorine (OC) pesticides, both banned and currently used, and PBDEs, were present at each site in multiple media and concentrations exceeded environmental quality benchmarks in some cases. Frequently detected OC compounds included hexachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradates, chlorpyrifos, and oxyfluorofen. Biomagnification of BDE47, 100, 153, and 154 occurred in largescale suckers and osprey eggs. Results support the hypothesis that contaminants in the environment lead to bioaccumulation and potential negative effects in multiple levels of the foodweb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nilsen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, 2130 S.W. 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | - Steven Zaugg
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, West 6th Ave. & Kipling Street, Lakewood, CO 80225, USA
| | - David Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Jennifer Morace
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, 2130 S.W. 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ian Waite
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, 2130 S.W. 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Timothy Counihan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 5501-A Cook-Underwood Road, Cook, WA 98605, USA
| | - Jill Hardiman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 5501-A Cook-Underwood Road, Cook, WA 98605, USA
| | - Leticia Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, USA
| | - Reynaldo Patiño
- U.S. Geological Survey and Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2120, USA; Departments of Natural Resources Management and of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2120, USA
| | - Matthew Mesa
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 5501-A Cook-Underwood Road, Cook, WA 98605, USA
| | - Robert Grove
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 777 NW 9th St., Suite 400, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
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Vouvé F, Buscail R, Aubert D, Labadie P, Chevreuil M, Canal C, Desmousseaux M, Alliot F, Amilhat E, Faliex E, Paris-Palacios S, Biagianti-Risbourg S. Bages-Sigean and Canet-St Nazaire lagoons (France): physico-chemical characteristics and contaminant concentrations (Cu, Cd, PCBs and PBDEs) as environmental quality of water and sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3005-3020. [PMID: 24174314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental characteristics in water and sediments of two contrasted coastal Mediterranean lagoons, Bages-Sigean and Canet-St Nazaire, were measured over a three season survey. The urban pollution (treatment plant discharges) is very important in Canet-St Nazaire lagoon reflecting untreated sewages, while in Bages-Sigean, the northern part appears more impacted due to larger anthropogenic inputs. Dissolved Cd concentrations are on the whole similar in both lagoons, whereas Cu concentrations are by far higher in lagoon Canet-St Nazaire. Cu concentrations appear to be highly dependent on dissolved organic carbon whereas salinity seems to control Cd variations. Concerning the sediments, the confined northern part of lagoon Bages-Sigean shows organic carbon and total nitrogen enrichment whereas lipid concentrations are much higher in the Canet-St Nazaire lagoon. Cu complexation seems to be strongly related to organic matter as evidenced by the two significant positive relationships, on one hand between Cu and organic carbon, and on the other hand, between Cu and lipids. On the contrary, Cd concentrations appear to be mainly controlled by carbonates. PCBs and PBDEs were detected only in sediments and show relatively low concentrations compared to similar lagoon environments. Regarding the sediment quality guidelines, Cd, Cu and PCBs in both lagoons did not exceed any Probable Effect Concentration (PEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Vouvé
- Institut de Modélisation en Géo-Environnement et Santé EA 4218, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France,
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24
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Anderson MA, Conkle JL, Pacheco P, Gan J. Use of hydroacoustic measurements to characterize bottom sediments and guide sampling and remediation of organic contaminants in lake sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:117-124. [PMID: 23644565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sampling of bed sediment for contamination characterization is often limited by the heterogeneity in sediment properties and distribution. In this study, we explored the use of hydroacoustic measurements to characterize sediment properties and guide sediment sampling in a small lake contaminated by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and PCBs. A dual frequency hydroacoustic survey was conducted to characterize sediment properties, distribution, and thickness in McGrath Lake, near Ventura, CA. Based upon these results, sediment core samples were collected from 15 sites on the lake, and sectioned into 20 cm intervals for sediment characterization and analysis of OCPs and PCBs. Very high concentrations of total DDT and total chlordane were found in the sediments, with mean values of 919 and 34.9 ng g(-1), respectively. Concentrations of OCPs were highest at 60-80 cm depth near the inflow at the north end of the lake. Total PCB concentrations were much lower (mean concentration of 4.5 ng g(-1)). Using the hydroacoustic and chemical data, it was estimated that nearly 30,000 m(3) of DDT- and chlordane-contaminated sediment (above effects range median values) was present in the uppermost 1.2 m of sediment in the lake. A hydroacoustic survey can be a valuable tool used to delineate sediment distribution in a lake, identify areas with deeper organic sediment where hydrophobic contaminants would likely be found, and guide sampling. Sampling and chemical analyses are nonetheless needed to quantify contaminant levels in bottom sediments. When combined with hydroacoustic measurements, this approach can reasonably estimate the distributions and volumes of contaminated sediment important in the development of remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Anderson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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