1
|
Gong P, Li C, Wang D, Song S, Wu W, Liu B, Shen J, Liu J, Liu Z. Enzyme coordination conferring stable monodispersity of diverse metal–organic frameworks for photothermal/starvation therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:612-622. [PMID: 37028168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The agglomeration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has long been a problem, and achieving stable monodispersity in water remains a great challenge. This paper reports a universal strategy that functionalizes MOFs by using an endogenous bioenzyme namely glucose oxidase (GOx), to achieve stable water monodispersity, and integrates it as a highly efficient nanoplatform for cancer synergistic therapy. Phenolic hydroxyl groups in GOx chain confers robust coordination interactions with MOFs, which not only endows stable monodispersion in water, but also provides many reactive sites for further modification. Silver nanoparticles are uniformly deposited onto MOFs@GOx to achieve high conversion efficiency from near-infrared light to heat, resulting in an effective starvation and photothermal synergistic therapy model. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm excellent therapeutic effect at very low doses without using any chemotherapeutics. In addition, the nanoplatform generates large amounts of reactive oxygen species, induces heavy cell apoptosis, and demonstrates the first experimental example to effectively inhibit cancer migration. Our universal strategy enables stable monodispersity of various MOFs via GOx functionalization and establishes a non-invasive platform for efficient cancer synergistic therapy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Phyto-mediated synthesis of Ag nanoparticles/attapulgite nanocomposites using olive leaf extract: Characterization, antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
3
|
Fabrication of metallic copper nanoparticles by utilizing a difference in standard electrode potential. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Mahmood S, Mei TS, Yee WX, Hilles AR, Alelwani W, Bannunah AM. Synthesis of Capsaicin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Using Green Approach and Its Anti-Bacterial Activity Against Human Pathogens. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1612-1626. [PMID: 34544538 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is drawing attention nowadays due to its ability to regulate metals into nanosize, ultimately changing metal's physical, chemical, and optical properties. Silver nanoparticles are known for their potential impact as antimicrobial agents due to their inherent property penetrating the cell wall. The present study aimed to develop and statistically optimise using a novel combination of capsaicin loaded silver nanoparticles (AgCNPs) as an effective anti-bacterial agent to treat psoriasis using a green approach. Ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent to fabricate silver nanoparticles. The formulation parameters optimisation was conducted using Box-Behnken Design (3×3 factorial design). The loading of capsaicin was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscopy (EDX-SEM) confirmed the existence of silver; net-like structure revealed in SEM and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy further confirmed the nano size of the formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the capsaicin transformed into amorphous after encapsulated. An in-vitro microbial study showed that the 0.10 M formulation of AgCNPs exerted potent anti-bacterial activity, which can be considered an alternative anti-bacterial agent. It also displayed that the zone of inhibition was significantly high in gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) than gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). Green synthesised AgCNPs showed highly significant anti-bacterial activity, which indicates that this formulation can be very promising for treating psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Siew Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang
| | - Wong Xi Yee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, PICOMS International University College of Medical Sciences, 68100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Walla Alelwani
- University of Jeddah, Collage of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Jeddah, 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzah M Bannunah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Common First Year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24230, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Novak S, Romih T, Drašler B, Birarda G, Vaccari L, Ferraris P, Sorieul S, Zieba M, Sebastian V, Arruebo M, Hočevar SB, Jemec Kokalj A, Drobne D. The in vivo effects of silver nanoparticles on terrestrial isopods, Porcellio scaber, depend on a dynamic interplay between shape, size and nanoparticle dissolution properties. Analyst 2019; 144:488-497. [PMID: 30467573 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to study the effects that acute exposure to low concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) cause in digestive glands of terrestrial isopods (Porcellio scaber). The experiments were designed to integrate different analytical techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, proton induced X-ray emission, and Fourier transform IR imaging (FTIRI), in order to gain a comprehensive insight into the process from the AgNPs' synthesis to their interaction with biological tissues in vivo. To this aim, terrestrial isopods were fed with AgNPs having different shapes, sizes, and concentrations. For all the tested conditions, no toxicity at the whole organism level was observed after 14 days of exposure. However, FTIRI showed that AgNPs caused detectable local changes in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates at the tissue level, to an extent dependent on the interplay of the AgNPs' properties: shape, size, concentration and dissolution of ions from them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Novak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leynen N, Van Belleghem FG, Wouters A, Bove H, Ploem JP, Thijssen E, Langie SA, Carleer R, Ameloot M, Artois T, Smeets K. In vivo Toxicity Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles in Homeostatic versus Regenerating Planarians. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:476-491. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1553252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Leynen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Frank G.A.J Van Belleghem
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Annelies Wouters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bove
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan-Pieter Ploem
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Elsy Thijssen
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sabine A.S. Langie
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- VITO NV, Mol, Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Petersen EJ, Mortimer M, Burgess RM, Handy R, Hanna S, Ho KT, Johnson M, Loureiro S, Selck H, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Spurgeon D, Unrine J, van den Brink N, Wang Y, White J, Holden P. Strategies for robust and accurate experimental approaches to quantify nanomaterial bioaccumulation across a broad range of organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:10.1039/C8EN01378K. [PMID: 31579514 PMCID: PMC6774209 DOI: 10.1039/c8en01378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the key components for environmental risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is data on bioaccumulation potential. Accurately measuring bioaccumulation can be critical for regulatory decision making regarding material hazard and risk, and for understanding the mechanism of toxicity. This perspective provides expert guidance for performing ENM bioaccumulation measurements across a broad range of test organisms and species. To accomplish this aim, we critically evaluated ENM bioaccumulation within three categories of organisms: single-celled species, multicellular species excluding plants, and multicellular plants. For aqueous exposures of suspended single-celled and small multicellular species, it is critical to perform a robust procedure to separate suspended ENMs and small organisms to avoid overestimating bioaccumulation. For many multicellular organisms, it is essential to differentiate between the ENMs adsorbed to external surfaces or in the digestive tract and the amount absorbed across epithelial tissues. For multicellular plants, key considerations include how exposure route and the role of the rhizosphere may affect the quantitative measurement of uptake, and that the efficiency of washing procedures to remove loosely attached ENMs to the roots is not well understood. Within each organism category, case studies are provided to illustrate key methodological considerations for conducting robust bioaccumulation experiments for different species within each major group. The full scope of ENM bioaccumulation measurements and interpretations are discussed including conducting the organism exposure, separating organisms from the ENMs in the test media after exposure, analytical methods to quantify ENMs in the tissues or cells, and modeling the ENM bioaccumulation results. One key finding to improve bioaccumulation measurements was the critical need for further analytical method development to identify and quantify ENMs in complex matrices. Overall, the discussion, suggestions, and case studies described herein will help improve the robustness of ENM bioaccumulation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute and University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Richard Handy
- Plymouth University, School of Biological Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Kay T. Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Monique Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Henriette Selck
- Roskilde University, Dept. of Science and Environment, Denmark
| | | | - David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Nico van den Brink
- Department of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wang
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute and University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jason White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States
| | - Patricia Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute and University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Espinosa A, Curcio A, Cabana S, Radtke G, Bugnet M, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Péchoux C, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Botton GA, Silva AKA, Abou-Hassan A, Wilhelm C. Intracellular Biodegradation of Ag Nanoparticles, Storage in Ferritin, and Protection by a Au Shell for Enhanced Photothermal Therapy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6523-6535. [PMID: 29906096 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite their highly efficient plasmonic properties, gold nanoparticles are currently preferred to silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications such as photothermal therapy due to their high chemical stability in the biological environment. To confer protection while preserving their plasmonic properties, we allied the advantages of both materials and produced hybrid nanoparticles made of an anisotropic silver nanoplate core coated with a frame of gold. The efficiency of these hybrid nanoparticles (Ag@AuNPs) in photothermia was compared to monometallic silver nanoplates (AgNPs) or gold nanostars (AuNPs). The structural and functional properties of AuNPs, AgNPs, and Ag@AuNPs were investigated in environments of increasing complexity, in water suspensions, in cells, and in tumors in vivo. While AgNPs showed the greatest heating efficiency in suspension (followed by Ag@AuNPs and AuNPs), this trend was reversed intracellularly within a tissue-mimetic model. In this setup, AgNPs failed to provide consistent photothermal conversion over time, due to structural damage induced by the intracellular environment. Remarkably, the degraded Ag was found to be stored within the iron-storage ferritin protein. By contrast, the Au shell provided the Ag@AuNPs with total Ag biopersistence. As a result, photothermal therapy was successful with Ag@AuNPs in vivo in a mouse tumor model, providing the ultimate proof on Au shell's capability to shield the Ag core from the harsh biological environment and preserve its excellent heating properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Espinosa
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 , CNRS and University Paris Diderot , 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alberto Curcio
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 , CNRS and University Paris Diderot , 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Sonia Cabana
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 , CNRS and University Paris Diderot , 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX , F-75005 Paris , France
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+DPharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15872 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Guillaume Radtke
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC) , UMR 7590, CNRS, UPMC , 4 Place Jussieu , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Matthieu Bugnet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , ON , Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 , CNRS and University Paris Diderot , 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- INRA, UMR 1313 GABI, MIMA2-Plateau de Microscopie Electronique , 78352 Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+DPharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15872 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Gianluigi A Botton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , ON , Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 , CNRS and University Paris Diderot , 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Ali Abou-Hassan
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, PHENIX , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 , CNRS and University Paris Diderot , 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen R, Ren N, Jin X, Zhu X. Stabilization capacity of PNIPAM microgels as particulate stabilizer in dispersion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
10
|
Control of the Size of Silver Nanoparticles and Release of Silver in Heat Treated SiO₂-Ag Composite Powders. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11010080. [PMID: 29304021 PMCID: PMC5793578 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The growth of silver nanoparticles, the activation energy for silver particle growth, and the release of silver species in heat treated SiO2-Ag composite powders are investigated. The silver particle growth is controlled by heat treatment for 75 min of the as-synthesized SiO2-Ag composite powder at 300–800 °C. During heat treatment the mean size of the Ag particles increases from 10 nm up to 61 nm with increasing temperature, however, the particle size distribution widens and the mean size increases with increasing heat treatment temperature. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies, silver particles are crystalline and in a metallic state after annealing in all SiO2-Ag composite powders. The growth of Ag particles is suggested to take place via diffusion and Ostwald ripening. The activation energy for particle growth was determined as 0.14 eV. The dissolution of silver in aqueous solutions from the SiO2-Ag composites heat treated, at 300 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C, was investigated by varying pH and temperature. The dissolution was reduced in all conditions with increasing silver particle size, i.e., when the total surface area of Ag particles is reduced. It is suggested that the dissolution of silver from the composite powders can conveniently be adjusted by controlling the Ag particle size by the heat treatment of the composite powder.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu Y, Wang P, Bunker CE, Teisl LR, Reibold M, Yan S, Qian H, He D, Sun YP. Preparation and optical properties of magnetic carbon/iron oxide hybrid dots. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon/Fe3O4 hybrid dots are prepared for their optical properties in reference to those of neat carbon dots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | | | - Lindsay R. Teisl
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - McIver Reibold
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Sijia Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Haijun Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Dawei He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jemec A, Horvat P, Kunej U, Bele M, Kržan A. Uptake and effects of microplastic textile fibers on freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:201-209. [PMID: 27814536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic fibers (MP) from textile weathering and washing are increasingly being recognized as environmental pollutants. The majority of studies on the bioavailability and effects of microplastic focused on small polystyrene spherical plastic particles, while less data are available for fibers and for other materials besides polystyrene. We investigated the ingestion and effects of ground polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile microfibers (length range: 62-1400 μm, width 31-528 μm, thickness 1-21.5 μm) on the freshwater zooplankton crustacean Daphnia magna after a 48 h exposure and subsequent 24 h of recovery in MP free medium and algae. The majority of ingested fibers by D. magna were around 300 μm, but also some very large twisted MP fibers around 1400 μm were found inside the gut. Exposure to these fibers results in increased mortality of daphnids after 48 h only in the case where daphnids were not pre-fed with algae prior to experiment, but no effect was found when daphnids were fed before the experiments. Regardless of the feeding regime, daphnids were not able to recover from MP exposure after additional 24 h incubation period in a MP free medium with algae. The uptake and effects of PET textile MP on D. magna are presented here for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Petra Horvat
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department for Polymer Science, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Kunej
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bele
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department for Material Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Kržan
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department for Polymer Science, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|