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Zhang M, Wei W, Chen Y, Han X. Effects of Cr(VI) oxyanion, humic acid and solution chemistry on the aggregation and colloidal stability of green synthesized chlorapatite nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140147. [PMID: 37716557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation is a crucial process determining the fate, mobility and ecological risks of nanomaterials. Chlorapatite nanoparticles (nClAP) exhibit widely applications in environmental remediation and consequently will inevitably enter aquatic systems. However, the aggregation characteristics of nClAP are still mostly uncovered. This study investigated the aggregation kinetics and colloidal stability of nClAP as a function of pH, humic acid (HA), Cr(VI) oxyanions, monovalent and divalent electrolytes. Results showed that pH values from 5 to 9 had a notable impact on the aqueous behaviors of nClAP. The addition of HA made the zeta potential (ZP) of nClAP more negative and thus enhanced nClAP stability through electrostatic and steric effects. Similarly, the adsorption of Cr(VI) on the surface of nClAP created a physical barrier and negative charge, improving the stability of nClAP by inducing steric force. Lower ZP and hydrodynamic diameter (HDD) reflected that the enhanced stability of nClAP by HA was more significant than Cr(VI). In comparison, the presence of Ca2+ ions were more effective than monovalent Na + ions in promoting the aggregation of nClAP. The classical DLVO theory incorporating the steric repulsion were used to interpret the aggregation and dispersion of nClAP, making it was easier to overcome energy barriers and agglomerate. This study provides new mechanistic insights which could help better understand the effects of Cr(VI) oxyanions and HA on nClAP's colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhang
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuan Han
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Tao L, Zhang H, Li G, Liao C, Jiang G. Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals by pore-structured graphitic carbon nitride with carbon vacancy in water: Identification of intermediate degradants and effects of active species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153845. [PMID: 35176390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are increasingly used in daily life and have been massively discharged to the aquatic environment. The removal of pharmaceuticals from water by various nanomaterials including graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received extensive attention. Herein, we synthesized a carbon-defective carbon nitride with pore structure through a simple thermal polymerization method for photodegradation of lidocaine, mepivacaine and ropivacaine (typical amide local anesthetics). The results showed that the degradation process conformed to the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, and the degradation rate constant of organic pollutants using CCN-600 (i.e., g-C3N4 synthesized at 600 °C) reached 5.05 × 10-2 min-1, about 2.5 times higher than that of the prototype g-C3N4 (2.09 × 10-2 min-1). The capture experiment of active species and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) test demonstrated that superoxide radical (O2-) played a major role in the degradation process. Based on the possible photodegraded intermediate products identified, the degradation pathways were deduced. This study provides not only a new strategy for fabrication of pore-structured g-C3N4 with carbon vacancy, but also a reference method for the treatment of pharmaceuticals in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang M, Yang Y, An X, Zhao J, Bao Y, Hou LA. Exfoliation method matters: The microstructure-dependent photoactivity of g-C 3N 4 nanosheets for water purification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127424. [PMID: 34634708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exfoliation of carbon nitride (g-C3N4) into an ultrathin nanostructure significantly improves its photoactivity. However, the effects of the exfoliation method on the microstructure and photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 nanosheets remain largely unknown. Herein, several typical strategies, such as thermal, chemical, ultrasonic and one-step exfoliation, were applied to exfoliate g-C3N4 nanosheets for photocatalytic applications. A procedure capable of controlling the morphology, microstructure, light-absorption property, and visible light photoactivity of g-C3N4 nanosheets was attempted. We found that nanosheets prepared from one-step exfoliation present superior photocatalytic efficiency under visible light than those fabricated by thermal exfoliation and ultrasonic exfoliation. The kinetic constants for bisphenol A (BPA) photodegradation over these samples were determined to be 6.5, 4.5 and 2.3 times higher than bulk g-C3N4, respectively. For chemical exfoliation, excessive oxidation by H2SO4 can lead to the structural defects and deactivation of urea-derived g-C3N4 nanosheets. Carbon nitride nanosheets synthesized by one-step exfoliation exhibited high specific surface area, optimal band gap energy structure, and high charge separation efficiency, thereby increasing visible-light photoactivity. Enabling cost-effective production of ultrathin and robust g-C3N4 nanosheets, one-step exfoliation offers a potential strategy to exploit high-performance g-C3N4 for water purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang An
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Yueping Bao
- Environment Chemistry and Materials Centre (ECMC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Li-An Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; High Tech Inst Beijing, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China
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Shen Q, Wei L, Bibi R, Wang K, Hao D, Zhou J, Li N. Boosting photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light over hierarchical carbon nitride microrods with carbon vacancies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125376. [PMID: 33626475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride is considered as one of the promising photocatalysts for pollution elimination from wastewater. Manipulating the microstructure of carbon nitride remains a challengeable task, which is essential for improving light absorption, separating photogenerated carrier and creating reactive sites. Herein, a carbon vacancy modified hierarchical carbon nitride microrod (CN1.5) has been prepared templated from a melamine-NH2OH·HCl complex. The hierarchical microrods are demonstrated to be comprised of interconnected nanosheets with rich carbon vacancies, which endows it with high specific surface area, enhanced light utilization efficiency, available reactive sites, improved charge carrier separation and numerous mass-transport channels. The resultant photocatalyst CN1.5 exhibits an excellent photodegradation efficiency of 87.9% towards tetracycline under visible light irradiation. The remarkable apparent rate constant of 4.91 × 10-2 min-1 is 7.3 times higher than that of bulk CN. In addition, the degradation pathways are deduced base on the observation of degradation intermediates generating in the photocatalytic process. Mechanism investigation indicates that the major contribution for photodegradation is attributed to ·O2-, 1O2 and H2O2 species. This work provides new insights into advancing carbon nitride's microstructure to improve photocatalytic degradation performance for highly efficient antibiotic removal and environment remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingfei Wei
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rehana Bibi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dandan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Naixu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, No. 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Dong S, Cai W, Xia J, Sheng L, Wang W, Liu H. Aggregation kinetics of fragmental PET nanoplastics in aqueous environment: Complex roles of electrolytes, pH and humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115828. [PMID: 33120151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation kinetics of fragmental polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) nanoplastics under various chemistry conditions in aqueous environment were firstly investigated in this work. The aggregation of PET nanoplastics increased with increasing electrolyte concentrations and decreasing solution pH, which became stronger with the presence of divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+ and Mg2+) than that of monovalent cations (e.g. Na+ and K+). The effect of cations with the same valence on the aggregation of PET nanoplastics was similar. The measured critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) for PET nanoplastics at pH 6 were 55.0 mM KCl, 54.2 mM NaCl, 2.1 mM CaCl2 and 2.0 mM MgCl2, which increased to 110.4 mM NaCl and 5.6 mM CaCl2 at pH 10. In addition, the aggregation of PET nanoplastics was significantly inhibited with the presence of humic acid (HA), and the CCC values increased to 558.8 mM NaCl and 12.3 mM CaCl2 (1 mg L-1 HA). Results from this study showed that the fragmental PET nanoplastics had the quite higher CCC values and stability in aqueous environment. In addition, the aggregation behaviors of PET nanoplastics can be successfully predicted by the Derjguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Dong
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Wangwei Cai
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jihong Xia
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Liting Sheng
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Weimu Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Cheng H, Yang T, Jiang J, Lu X, Wang P, Ma J. Mn 2+ effect on manganese oxides (MnO x) nanoparticles aggregation in solution: Chemical adsorption and cation bridging. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115561. [PMID: 33254660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxides (MnOx) and Mn2+ usually co-exist in the natural environment, as well as in water treatments for Mn2+ removal. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of Mn2+ on the stability of MnOx nanoparticles, as it is vital to their fate and reactivity. In this study, we used the time-resolved dynamic light scattering technique to study the influence of Mn2+ on the initial aggregation kinetics of MnOx nanoparticles. The results show that Mn2+ was highly efficient in destabilizing MnOx nanoparticles. The critical coagulation concentration ratio of Mn2+ (0.3 mM) to Na+ (30 mM) was 2-6.64, which is beyond the ratio range indicated by the Schulze-Hardy rule. This is due to the coordination bond formed between Mn2+ and the surface O of MnOx, which could efficiently decrease the negative surface charge of MnOx. As a result, in the co-presence of Mn2+ and Na+, a small amount of Mn2+ (5 μM) could efficiently neutralize the negative charge of MnOx, thereby decreasing the amount of Na+, which mainly destabilized nanoparticles through electric double-layer compression, required to initiate aggregation. Further, Mn2+ behaved as a cation bridge linking both the negatively charged MnOx and humic acid, thereby increasing the stability of the MnOx nanoparticles as a result of the steric repulsion of the adsorbed humic acid. The results of this study enhance the understanding of the stability of the MnOx nanoparticles in the natural environment, as well as in water treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Panxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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