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Si R, Yu Z, Ma X, Wen Z, Luo T, Xu W, Liu L, Tang A, Wang K, Zhang L, Schweiger A, Goulding K, Liu X. Decreased nitrogen deposition in Beijing over the recent decade and its implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174808. [PMID: 39019264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition has been modified significantly by human activities such as agriculture and fossil fuel combustion. Understanding the changes in Nr deposition is essential for maintaining the functionality and sustainability of ecosystems. Taking Beijing as a case study, we report long-term measurements of wet Nr deposition from 1999 to 2022 and dry Nr deposition from 2010 to 2022 and their relationship with China's air pollution control. Total Nr deposition to Beijing decreased by 34 % during 2010-2022, mainly caused by a decrease in dry N deposition by 54.27 %, from 47.86 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in 2010-2014 to 21.89 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in 2018-2022; reduced and oxidized N in dry deposition decreased by 29.93 % and 72.05 %, respectively. This was a result of the "Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution (APCP)" and the implementation of the "Zero Growth in Fertilizer Use by 2020" in 2015. Our ground-based measurements provide evidence to support recent achievements in air pollution control and a reference and guidance for other regions of China and other countries for abating Nr pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Aohan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Andreas Schweiger
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hůnová I, Brabec M, Malý M. Major ions in Central European precipitation - Insight into changes in NO 3-/SO 42-, NH 4+/NO 3- and NH 4+/SO 42- ratios over the last four decades. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140986. [PMID: 38109973 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of precipitation composition is important, among other things, to reveal changes in atmospheric chemistry. Here we present the long-term time trends in ratios of major ions in precipitation, namely nitrate to sulphate (NO3-/SO42-), ammonium to sulphate (NH4+/SO42-) and ammonium to nitrate (NH4+/NO3-). For this we explore the long-term time series recorded by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute at eight monitoring sites situated in urban, rural and mountain regions of the Czech Republic between 1980 and 2020. To that end, we use innovative Bayesian inference with the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) computational method appropriate for investigating complicated large-scale data. Our results indicated: (i) increasing NO3-/SO42- ratio in precipitation over time and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in winter and lower values in summer, (ii) increasing NH4+/SO42- ratio in precipitation and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in summer and lower values in winter and (iii) relatively stable NH4+/NO3- ratio in precipitation with a mild recent increase and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in summer and lower values in winter. This behaviour pattern holds true for all the sites analysed, irrespective of their geographical position, altitude or environment. Though explored in detail rarely, the ion ratios are important to study as they reflect changes in atmospheric chemistry, mirroring changes in emissions and meteorology and suggesting changing impacts on ecosystems and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hůnová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06 Prague 4, Komorany, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodarenskou Vezi 2, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic; National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodarenskou Vezi 2, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic; National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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Oniwa S, Abe M, Aikawa M. Significant parameter for controlling the partition of ambient nitrate species between HNO 3(g) and NH 4NO 3(p). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1134. [PMID: 37656247 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium between nitric acid gas (HNO3(g)) and ammonium nitrate aerosol (NH4NO3(p)) in ambient air was studied based on the monitoring data obtained using a five-stage filter-pack system, in which the fine aerosol and the coarse aerosol were separately collected; this made it possible to evaluate the actual situation of the equilibrium more accurately. The partition between HNO3(g) and coarse particulate nitrate (c-NO3-(p)), as well as that between HNO3(g) and fine particulate nitrate (f-NO3-(p)), could be evaluated individually thanks to the classification separation of the aerosol by size. The c-particle proportion c-NO3-(p)/(c-NO3-(p) + HNO3(g)) between HNO3(g) and c-NO3-(p) had a weak negative correlation (r = -0.46, p<0.001) with air temperature; in contrast, the f-particle proportion f-NO3-(p)/(f-NO3-(p) + HNO3(g)) between HNO3(g) and f-NO3-(p) had a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.80, p<0.001) with air temperature in total; furthermore, the f-particle proportion had an interesting and discriminative dependence on air temperature which could be divided into two regions by an air temperature around 15°C. The condition of high air temperature accompanied by high relative humidity frequently resulted in the deliquescent state of NH4NO3(p), providing the disconnect from the theoretical prediction for the products of [NH3(g)] and [HNO3(g)] ([NH3(g)][HNO3(g)]) by Seinfeld and Pandis (1998).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Oniwa
- The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
- Japan Weather Association, 3-1-1 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-6055, Japan
| | - Momoko Abe
- The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
- NS Environment Corporation, 2-2-9 Toyonari, Minami-ku, Okayama, 700-0942, Japan
| | - Masahide Aikawa
- The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
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