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Chen Y, Van Deventer D, Nianogo R, Vinceti M, Kang W, Cockburn M, Federman N, Heck JE. Maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial sources during pregnancy and childhood cancer risk in California. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114388. [PMID: 38704950 PMCID: PMC11127780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal solvent exposure has been suspected to increase offspring cancer risk. The study aimed to evaluate the associations between maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial pollution during pregnancy and childhood cancer. METHODS The present study included 15,744 cancer cases (aged 0-19 years at diagnosis) identified from California Cancer Registry and 283,141 controls randomly selected from California Birth Registry (20:1 frequency-matched by birth year: 1998-2016). We examined industrial releases of tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane within 3 km of the birth address, while we used a 5 km buffer for carbon disulfide. We calculated the total exposure from all linked Toxic Release Inventory sites during each index pregnancy and assigned "ever/never" and "high/low exposed/unexposed" exposure, using median values. We performed quadratic decay models to estimate cancer risks associated with maternal solvent exposure in pregnancy. RESULTS 1,1,1-Trichloroethane was associated with rhabdomyosarcoma (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.16, 3.32) in the "ever exposed" group. Ever exposure to carbon disulfide was associated with increased risks of medulloblastoma (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.01, 3.40) and ependymoma (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.97, 2.74). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggested maternal residential exposure to solvents from industrial sources might be associated with elevated childhood cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Darcy Van Deventer
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Roch Nianogo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA; California Center for Population Research, University of California, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of Pediatrics, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA; College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
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Buser JM, Lake K, Ginier E. Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Cancer in an Era of Global Climate Change: A Scoping Review. J Pediatr Health Care 2022; 36:46-56. [PMID: 34134914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contemporary research about environmental risk factors in an era of global climate change to inform childhood cancer prevention efforts is disjointed. Planetary pediatric providers need to establish a better understanding of how the postnatal environment influences childhood cancer. Authors conducted a scoping review of recent scientific literature with the aim of understanding the environmental risk factors for childhood cancer. METHOD Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were searched with results limited to the English language with publication years 2010-2021. Two independent reviewers screened 771 abstracts and excluded 659 abstracts and 65 full-text articles on the basis of predefinedcriteria. RESULTS The scoping review identified 47 studies about environmental risk factors for childhood cancer with mixed results and limited consensus in four main categories, including air pollution, chemical exposures, radiation, and residential location. DISCUSSION Research by collaborative international groups of planetary health researchers about environmental risk factors is needed to inform global health policy for childhood cancer prevention efforts.
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Hall C, Hansen J, Olsen J, He D, von Ehrenstein OS, Ritz B, Heck JE. Parental occupation and childhood germ cell tumors: a case-control study in Denmark, 1968-2016. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:827-836. [PMID: 33907877 PMCID: PMC8236473 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between parental occupation and childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) in offspring while distinguishing by common histologic subtype (i.e., yolk sac tumor and teratoma). METHODS This population-based case-control study included childhood GCT cases in Denmark diagnosed 1968-2015 (< 16 years old at diagnosis) and sex and birth year-matched controls. Demographic information and parental employment histories were obtained from Danish registries. Parental occupation was assessed by industry; job-exposure matrices were used to examine specific occupational exposures (i.e., potentially carcinogenic organic solvents and social contact). Conditional multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Overall, 178 childhood GCT cases (50 yolk sac tumors; 65 teratomas) and 4,355 controls were included for analysis. Maternal employment in education during pregnancy was associated with offspring GCTs (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.23-4.90), especially yolk sac tumors (OR 5.27, 95% CI 1.94-14.28). High levels of both maternal and paternal occupational social contact were also associated with offspring yolk sac tumors across all exposure periods (ORs 2.30-4.63). No signals were observed for paternal occupational solvent exposure, while imprecise associations were estimated for maternal exposure (e.g., dichloromethane exposure during pregnancy, OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.77-2.95). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that parental occupation is associated with offspring GCTs, with most consistent evidence supporting an association between maternal employment in education or other high social contact jobs and offspring yolk sac tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Di He
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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Valbuena-Garcia AM, Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Uribe-Pérez CJ, Moreno-Corzo FE, Ortiz-Martinez RG. A spatial analysis of childhood cancer and industrial air pollution in a metropolitan area of Colombia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28353. [PMID: 32452157 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants are considered carcinogenic to humans. In some European countries, an association between industrial air pollution and childhood cancer has been established. This relationship has not been addressed in Latin America, despite the spatial variability of air pollutants that may limit the extrapolation of the results to other geographical areas. OBJECTIVE To conduct a spatial analysis of the relationship between childhood cancer and proximity to industrial sources of air pollution in a metropolitan area of Colombia. METHODS Incident cases of childhood cancers were obtained from the Population-based Cancer Registry of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga during 2000-2015. Local and focused cluster tests were used for the detection of spatial clusters, and the Poisson multivariable model was used to evaluate the combined effects of spatial variables. RESULTS The Kulldorff's focused test found a significant spatial cluster (P < 0.001) around one industrial agglomerate and the multivariable model results suggests that the distance effect is modified by the directional effect of the wind. CONCLUSION A spatial cluster of incident cases of childhood cancer occurred in the municipality of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Our finding supports the hypothesis that childhood cancer might be related with industrial air pollution exposure in a Latin American city.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Janeth Uribe-Pérez
- Population Registry of Cancer of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Lupo PJ, Spector LG. Cancer Progress and Priorities: Childhood Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1081-1094. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hall C, Heck JE, Ritz B, Cockburn M, Escobedo LA, von Ehrenstein OS. Prenatal Exposure to Air Toxics and Malignant Germ Cell Tumors in Young Children. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:529-534. [PMID: 31045852 PMCID: PMC6551274 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess prenatal air toxics exposure and risk for childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) by histological subtype (yolk sac tumor and teratoma). METHODS In this case-control study, GCT cases less than 6 years (n = 243) identified from California Cancer Registry records were matched by birth year to cancer-free population controls (n = 147,100), 1984 to 2013. Routinely monitored air toxic exposures were linked to subjects' birth address. Logistic regression estimated GCT risks per interquartile range increase in exposure. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to various highly-correlated, traffic-related air toxics during the second trimester increased GCT risk, particularly 1,3-butadiene (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 2.26) and meta/para-xylene (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.21). Analyses by subtype indicated elevated ORs for yolk sac tumors but not teratomas. CONCLUSION Our estimated ORs are consistent with positive associations between some prenatal traffic-related air toxics and GCT risk, notably yolk sac tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California (Dr Hall, Dr von Ehrenstein, Dr Ritz, Dr Heck); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California (Dr Ritz); Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California (Dr von Ehrenstein); Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Cockburn); Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Arts, Letters and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Escobedo); Leidos, Inc., San Diego, California (Dr Hall)
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García-Pérez J, Gómez-Barroso D, Tamayo-Uria I, Ramis R. Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case-control study of childhood cancer. Int J Health Geogr 2019; 18:12. [PMID: 31138300 PMCID: PMC6537179 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental exposures are related to the risk of some types of cancer, and children are the most vulnerable group of people. This study seeks to present the methodological approaches used in the papers of our group about risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of pollution sources (industrial and urban sites). A population-based case–control study of incident childhood cancers in Spain and their relationship with residential proximity to industrial and urban areas was designed. Two methodological approaches using mixed multiple unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were developed: (a) “near vs. far” analysis, where possible excess risks of cancers in children living near (“near”) versus those living far (“far”) from industrial and urban areas were assessed; and (b) “risk gradient” analysis, where the risk gradient in the vicinity of industries was assessed. For each one of the two approaches, three strategies of analysis were implemented: “joint”, “stratified”, and “individualized” analysis. Incident cases were obtained from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Cancer (between 1996 and 2011). Results Applying this methodology, associations between proximity (≤ 2 km) to specific industrial and urban zones and risk (OR; 95% CI) of leukemias (1.31; 1.04–1.65 for industrial areas, and 1.28; 1.00–1.53 for urban areas), neuroblastoma (2.12; 1.18–3.83 for both industrial and urban areas), and renal (2.02; 1.16–3.52 for industrial areas) and bone (4.02; 1.73–9.34 for urban areas) tumors have been suggested. Conclusions The two methodological approaches were used as a very useful and flexible tool to analyze the excess risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas, which can be extrapolated and generalized to other cancers and chronic diseases, and adapted to other types of pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana Gómez-Barroso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Tamayo-Uria
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra and "Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA)", Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Tamayo-Uria I, Boldo E, García-Pérez J, Gómez-Barroso D, Romaguera EP, Cirach M, Ramis R. Childhood leukaemia risk and residential proximity to busy roads. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:332-339. [PMID: 30241021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that childhood leukaemia can be associated with residential traffic exposure; nevertheless, more results are needed to support this conclusion. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the possible effects of residential proximity to road traffic on childhood leukaemia, taking into account traffic density, road proximity and the type of leukaemia (acute lymphoid leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia). METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of childhood leukaemia in Spain, covering the period 1990-2011. It included 1061 incidence cases gathered from the Spanish National Childhood Cancer Registry and those Autonomous Regions with 100% coverage, and 6447 controls, individually matched by year of birth, sex and autonomous region of residence. Distances were computed from the respective participant's residential locations to the different types of roads and four different buffers. Using logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), were calculated for four different categories of distance to roads. RESULTS Cases of childhood leukaemia had more than three-fold increased odds of living at <50 m of the busiest motorways compared to controls (OR = 2.90; 95%CI = 1.30-6.49). The estimates for acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) were slightly higher (OR = 2.95; 95%CI = 1.22-7.14), while estimates for cases with the same address at birth and at diagnosis were lower (OR = 2.40; 95%CI = 0.70-8.30). CONCLUSIONS Our study agrees with the literature and furnishes some evidence that living near a busy motorway could be a risk factor for childhood leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Tamayo-Uria
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Elena Boldo
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Diana Gómez-Barroso
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Elena Pardo Romaguera
- Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumours (RETI-SEHOP), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Cirach
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
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