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Ralli T, Saifi Z, Kumari A, Aeri V, Kohli K. In-silico, in-vitro and ex-vivo evidence of combining silymarin phytopharmaceutical with piperine, and fulvic acid for enhancing its solubility and permeability. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:595-610. [PMID: 37342048 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2227966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Even if with such a high mortality there is no definite treatment approved. Thus, there is a need to develop a formulation which can have multiple pharmacological activities. Herbal drugs are among the most promising compounds that act by different pharmacological actions. For increasing the bio-activity of Silymarin we had isolated five active biomarker molecules from silymarin extract (as a Phytopharmaceutical) in our previous work. It possesses lower bioavailability due to poor solubility, lesser permeability and first pass metabolism effect. Therefore, from the literature we had screened two bioavailability enhancers i.e. piperine and fulvic acid for overcoming the drawbacks associated with silymarin. Hence, in this study we had first explored the ADME-T parameters and then evaluated their in-silico activity for different enzymes involved in inflammation and fibrosis. Interestingly, it was found that besides the bioavailability enhancing property, piperine and fulvic acid also shown anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic action, particularly more activity was demonstrated by fulvic acid than piperine. Furthermore, the concentration of the bioavailability enhancers i.e. 20% FA and 10% PIP were optimized by QbD assisted solubility studies. Moreover, the percentage release and apparent permeability coefficient of the optimized formulation was found to be 95% and 90%, respectively as compared to 6.54*106 and 1.63*106 respectively by SM suspension alone. Furthermore, it was found that plain rhodamine solution penetrated only up to 10 um whereas, formulation penetrated up to 30 um. Thus, combining these three, can not only increase the bioavailability of silymarin, but might also, increase the physiological action synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Kumari
- Indian Patent agent and TIFAC-DST Woman Scientist, Delhi, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
- Director (Research and publications), Llyod Institute of Management and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Xin P, Wang S, Xu X, Liu Q, Zhang C. Natural fulvic acids inhibit non-small-cell lung cancer through the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis: In silico and in vivo assessments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17080. [PMID: 37484418 PMCID: PMC10361232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major public health concern with a high incidence worldwide. Coal-derived fulvic acids (FAs) contain functional groups in their chemical structures. Overexpression of cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the PGE2 receptor EP4 subtype (EP4) can have a potential link with the increased tumor incidence and promoted tumor growth and metastasis in NSCLC. This study aimed to assess the biological roles of coal-derived FAs in the growth and development of NSCLC and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods A web-based tool for predicting small-molecule pharmacokinetics (pkCSM) was used to analyze the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of FAs. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were performed to analyze the binding affinities of COX-2 and EP4 to FA. An acute toxicity test and an antitumor study were used to analyze the toxicity and anti-NSCLC effects of FAs. Thirty NSCLC-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into five groups (six mice per group): vehicle control, positive control with 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) 5-fluorouracil, and three treatments with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW FAs. The BW and tumor volume were recorded, and the COX-2, PGE2, and EP4 protein expression were measured and analyzed. Results Using the predictive pkCSM algorithm, we found that FA did not cause developmental toxicity. Molecular simulations revealed that COX-2 and EP4 expression was inhibited by FA. An acute toxicity test conformed that the maximum tolerated FAs dose was >3.0 g/kg BW. The animal study demonstrated that FA treatment significantly downregulated the expression of COX-2, PGE2, and EP4 in NSCLC-bearing mice compared to that in vehicle control mice (p < 0.01). Conclusions Natural FAs may exert anti-NSCLC effects through the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xin
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shirui Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Caifeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Humic Acid Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, 030619, China
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Khan R, Mirza MA, Aqil M, Alex TS, Raj N, Manzoor N, Naseef PP, Saheer Kuruniyan M, Iqbal Z. In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation of a Dual-Targeted Nanoemulsion Gel for the Amelioration of Psoriasis. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020112. [PMID: 36826282 PMCID: PMC9957534 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, due to its unique pathological manifestations and the limited success of existing therapeutic modalities, demands dedicated domain research. Our group has developed nanotherapeutics consisting of bioactives such as Thymoquinone (TQ) and Fulvic acid (FA), which have been successfully incorporated into a Nanoemulsion gel (NEG), taking kalonji oil as oil phase. The composition is aimed at ameliorating psoriasis with better therapeutic outcomes. TQ is a natural bio-active that has been linked to anti-psoriatic actions. FA has anti-inflammatory actions due to its free radical and oxidant-scavenging activity. Our previous publication reports the formulation development of the NEG, where we overcame the pharmaco-technical limitations of combining the above two natural bioactives. In vitro evaluation of the optimized NEG was carried out, which showed an enhanced dissolution rate and skin permeation of TQ. This work furthers the pharmaceutical progression of dual-targeted synergistic NEG to treat psoriasis. A suitable animal model, BALB/c mice, has been used to conduct the in vivo studies, which revealed the effective anti-psoriatic action of TQ. Molecular docking studies corroborated the results and revealed a good binding affinity for both the targets of TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor) and IL-6 (Interlukin-6). Tissue uptake by Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), a skin interaction study of the gel formulation, and an antioxidant free radical scavenging assay (1-1 Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH) were also carried out. It was concluded that the NEG may be effective in treating psoriasis with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmuddin Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd. Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (Z.I.); Tel.: +91-9213378765 (M.A.M.); +91-9811733016 (Z.I.)
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Thomson Santosh Alex
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nafis Raj
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nikhat Manzoor
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (Z.I.); Tel.: +91-9213378765 (M.A.M.); +91-9811733016 (Z.I.)
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Gong G, Liang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Sanjaa B, Zhang F, Wang Z, Li Z, Li R, Lu S. Extraction, Fractional Structure and Physiological Activities of Fulvic Acid from Yunnan Xundian Lignite. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Gong
- Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shaojie Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Batbileg Sanjaa
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Mongolian Academy of Sciences Ulaanbaatar 13330 Mongolia
| | - Fushui Zhang
- Baoqing Coal Power & Chemical Corporation CHN Energy Shuangyashan 230500 China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Zhiling Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Ruonan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China
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Abstract
The present work aimed to re-assess the bioavailability enhancement potential of fulvic acid (FA). Carbamazepine (CBZ) and peat were used as a model drug and FA source, respectively. Our group has already evaluated the bioavailability enhancement potential of a less commercially viable source of FA, i.e., shilajit. In the present work, the phase solubility of CBZ was analyzed with varying concentrations of peat-sourced FA (2–12% w/v). The prepared complex (CBZ-FA) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dissolution, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies were also carried out. The results showed the presence of an interaction between the drug and FA within the complex, which led to 98.99 ± 2.0% enhancement in drug solubility. The results also showed 79.23 ± 2.1% dissolution of the complexed drug over 60 min and 69.32 ± 2.2% permeation from the intestinal gut sac over 90 min, which led to a significant enhancement of bioavailability and a reduction in the duration of epileptic seizures. Thus, this study re-authenticates our earlier results and suggests switching the FA source (shilajit to peat) for commercial product development.
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Exploration of Fulvic Acid as a Co-Former in Crystal Engineering. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the project was to investigate Peat-derived Fulvic acid for its propensity to form co-crystals with quercetin and curcumin and characterize it by using different analytical techniques. The formation of co-crystals generally enhances water solubility and the overall bioavailability of molecules. Co-crystals were synthesized using a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of fulvic acid with quercetin and curcumin, respectively, using solvent crystallization techniques taking tetrahydrofuran and water in a 1:1 v/v ratio. The co-crystals were characterized by spectroscopic methods, FTIR and Differential scanning calorimetry. Further confirmation was made by morphological studies using SEM. A structural analysis was also carried out, using 13C solid-state NMR analysis. The studies confirmed the formation of semi crystalline forms. Furthermore, the saturation solubility displayed the enhancement in solubility of up to 10, 5-folds for Quercetin and Curcumin, respectively. The in vitro dissolution results showed that T50% was achieved within 30 min for both the drugs. The literature supports that the nutraceutical co-crystals offer advantages, particularly in the improvement of biopharmaceutical properties and addressing the challenges of the lab and manufacturing scale process. Both the semi crystalline powders exhibited enhanced solubility and a better dissolution profile.
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Hajdrik P, Pályi B, Kis Z, Kovács N, Veres DS, Szigeti K, Budán F, Hegedüs I, Kovács T, Bergmann R, Máthé D. In Vitro Determination of Inhibitory Effects of Humic Substances Complexing Zn and Se on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Replication. Foods 2022; 11:694. [PMID: 35267328 PMCID: PMC8909382 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Humic substances are well-known human nutritional supplement materials and they play an important performance-enhancing role as animal feed additives. For decades, ingredients of humic substances have been proven to carry potent antiviral effects against different viruses. (2) Methods: Here, the antiviral activity of a humic substance containing ascorbic acid, Se- and Zn2+ ions intended as a nutritional supplement material was investigated against SARS-CoV-2 virus B1.1.7 Variant of Concern ("Alpha Variant") in a VeroE6 cell line. (3) Results: This combination has a significant in vitro antiviral effect at a very low concentration range of its intended active ingredients. (4) Conclusions: Even picomolar concentration ranges of humic substances, Vitamin C and Zn/Se ions in the given composition, were enough to achieve 50% viral replication inhibition in the applied SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polett Hajdrik
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (B.P.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zoltán Kis
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (B.P.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kovács
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Sándor Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Ferenc Budán
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 11, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Imre Hegedüs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10., H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary;
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (N.K.); (D.S.V.); (K.S.); (I.H.); (R.B.)
- CROmed Translational Research Ltd., Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Semmelweis University Site, Római Blvd. 21, H-6723 Szeged, Hungary
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Zong P, Shao M, Cao D, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang H. Synthesis of potential Ca-Mg-Al layered double hydroxides coated graphene oxide composites for simultaneous uptake of europium and fulvic acid from wastewater systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110375. [PMID: 33130174 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High background electrolyte and natural organic matter are favorable to migration of hazardous radionuclides in geochemical repository. Herein, Ca-Mg-Al layered double hydroxide coated onto graphene oxide (Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO) composites were successfully synthesized, characterized and adopted to decontaminate Eu(III) and fulvic acid (FA) under diverse experimental conditions. Diverse concentration gradients and different addition sequences on Eu(III) and FA were also obtained, which revealed different interaction mechanisms. The experimental results displayed that the coexistence of FA and Eu(III) respectively promoted adsorption performance of Eu(III) and FA under the ternary systems. The acquired Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO composites were adopted to remove Eu(III) and FA, which further illustrated excellent chemo-physical stability and adsorption capacity of 1.12 × 10-3 mol/g and 3.54 × 10-4 mol/g, respectively. The remarkable adsorption performances of Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO were confirmed through kinetic procedures and depending-temperature isotherms, illustrating that the kinetics processes were simulated using pseudo-second-order pattern, and the adsorption isotherms were splendidly simulated using Langmuir pattern. XPS spectrum analysis revealed that these containing oxygen groups took significant part in the restricting of Eu(III) and FA onto the surfaces of Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO composites. In view of experimental results, the Ca-Mg-Al LDH/GO composites can be as potential adsorbents with availably recycled reusability for the decontamination of Eu(III) and FA from nuclear fuel partition or nuclear wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Comprehensive Chemical Engineering Education, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, PR China.
| | - Min Shao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Comprehensive Chemical Engineering Education, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, PR China
| | - Duanlin Cao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Comprehensive Chemical Engineering Education, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, PR China.
| | - Xuejuan Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Comprehensive Chemical Engineering Education, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Functional Nanocomposites, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, PR China
| | - Shoufang Wang
- School of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, PR China
| | - Hangzhou Zhang
- Reactor Operation and Application Sub-Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610005, PR China
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Perminova IV, Garcia-Mina JM, Podgorski DC, Cervantes FJ, Efremenko EN, Domingo JL. Humic substances and living systems: Impact on environmental and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110726. [PMID: 33428911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Perminova
- Dept. Chem., Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Jose-Maria Garcia-Mina
- Dept. Environ. Biology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
| | - David C Podgorski
- Dept. Chem., Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of New Orleans, USA
| | - Francisco J Cervantes
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Elena N Efremenko
- Dept. Chem., Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
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