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Oleko A, Saoudi A, Zeghnoun A, Pecheux M, Cirimele V, Mihai Cirtiu C, Berail G, Szego E, Denys S, Fillol C. Exposure of the general French population to metals and metalloids in 2014-2016: Results from the Esteban study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118744. [PMID: 38579993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the Esteban study was to describe levels of various biomarkers of exposure to several environmental pollutants, including metals and metalloids, among the French population. This paper describes the distribution of concentrations of 28 metals and metalloids in two different populations, and estimates the main determinants of exposure to total arsenic, the sum of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and its two metabolites monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury and nickel. METHODS Esteban is a cross-sectional study conducted between 2014 and 2016 on a random sample of 2503 adults (18-74 years old) and 1104 children (6-17 years old) from the general population. The data collected included biological samples (blood, hair, and urines), socio-demographic characteristics, environmental and occupational exposure, and information on dietary factors and lifestyle. The geometric mean and percentiles of the distribution were estimated for each metal. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the determinants of exposure using a generalized linear model. RESULTS Only four metals had a quantification rate below 90% in adults (beryllium, iridium, palladium, and platinum), and three metals in children (beryllium, iridium, and platinum). The concentrations of total arsenic, cadmium, chromium and mercury were higher than those found in most international studies. The determinants significantly associated with exposure were mainly diet and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Esteban provided a nationwide description of 28 metal and metalloid exposure levels for adults (some never measured before) and for the first time in children. The study results highlighted widespread exposure to several metals and metalloids. These results could be used to advocate public health decisions for continued efforts to reduce harmful exposure to toxic metals. The Reference values (RV95) built from Esteban could also be used to support future government strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amivi Oleko
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Abdessattar Saoudi
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Zeghnoun
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Marie Pecheux
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Cirimele
- ChemTox 3 Rue Grüninger, Parc D'Innovation F, Illkirch Graffenstaden, 67400, France
| | - Ciprian Mihai Cirtiu
- Centre de Toxicologie Du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique Du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Av., Wolfe, Québec, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Géraldine Berail
- Laboratoire de l'Environnement et de l'Alimentation de la Vendée (LEA Vendée), La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Szego
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency, 12 Rue Du Val D'Osne, 94415, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
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Forkel S, Schubert S, Corvin L, Heine G, Lang CCV, Oppel E, Pföhler C, Treudler R, Bauer A, Sulk M, Kränke B, Schäkel K, Heratizadeh A, Worm M, Witte J, Geier J, Buhl T. Contact allergies to dental materials in patients. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:895-903. [PMID: 38123140 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding contact allergies and intolerance reactions to dental materials are widespread among patients. Development of novel dental materials and less frequent amalgam use may alter sensitization profiles in patients with possible contact allergy. OBJECTIVES To analyse current sensitization patterns to dental materials in patients with suspected contact allergy. METHODS This retrospective, multicentre analysis from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) selected participants from 169 834 people tested in 2005-2019 and registered with (i) an affected area of 'mouth' (and 'lips'/'perioral'), (ii) with the dental material in question belonging to one of three groups (dental filling materials, oral implants or dentures or equivalents) and (iii) with patch-testing done in parallel with the German baseline series, (dental) metal series and dental technician series. RESULTS A total of 2730 of 169 834 tested patients met the inclusion criteria. The patients were predominantly women (81.2%) aged ≥ 40 years (92.8%). The sensitization rates with confirmed allergic contact stomatitis in women (n = 444) were highest for metals (nickel 28.6%, palladium 21.4%, amalgam 10.9%), (meth)acrylates [2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 4.8%] and the substances propolis (6.8%) and 'balsam of Peru' (11.4%). The most relevant acrylates were HEMA, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate. Few men were diagnosed with allergic contact stomatitis (n = 68); sensitization rates in men were highest for propolis (14.9%) and amalgam (13.6%). CONCLUSIONS Allergic contact stomatitis to dental materials is rare. Patch testing should not only focus on metals such as nickel, palladium, amalgam and gold, but also (meth)acrylates and the natural substances propolis and 'balsam of Peru'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Forkel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Corvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guido Heine
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia C V Lang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Oppel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Allergy Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Sulk
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Birger Kränke
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annice Heratizadeh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Witte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Buhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Stajnko A, Lundh T, Assarson E, Åkerberg Krook E, Broberg K. Lead, cadmium, and mercury blood levels in schoolchildren in southern Sweden: Time trends over the last decades. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140562. [PMID: 38303383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
To prevent diseases arising from exposure to toxic metals, more knowledge about their temporal changes is needed, especially in children, the most vulnerable group. This study follows temporal changes in blood lead (BPb), mercury (BHg) and cadmium (BCd) levels in schoolchildren (8-11 years old) from two cities in southern Sweden. One blood sample per 773 children was used for time trend analyses between 2007 and 2022. One further blood sample re-sampled after 2 years, were used to assess intra-individual time trends of BPb (n = 377), BCd (n = 102) and BHg (n = 53) between 1979 and 2019. Geometric mean (range) of BPb, BCd and BHg concentrations during 2007-2022 was 9.9 (2.3-59), 0.09 (0.03-0.34) and 0.73 (0.02-8.2) μg/L, respectively. Living close to a Pb smelter resulted in higher levels of all three metals compared with living in the city or rural area. Annually, the concentrations clearly decreased for BPb (-4.9%, p < 0.001) and weakly for BCd (-0.6%, p = 0.013), while BHg slightly increased (+1.4%, p = 0.029). When stratified by residential area, the decrease of BCd and increase of BHg were significant only in the urban area (-1.8% and +2.8%, respectively; p < 0.01). The BPb decrease rate was the highest in the urban area followed by the rural and Pb smelter areas (-5.8% > -4.5% > -3.9%; p < 0.001). For children re-analysed during 1979-2019, a significant decrease was observed only for BPb (-6.8%; p < 0.001), with a 2% higher decrease rate in the period before than after the Pb-gasoline ban in 1994. The preventive measures against Pb pollution are reflected in the constant decrease of BPb levels over time. However, the area close to a Pb smelter, as indicated by a slower Pb decrease rate, might need further and stricter preventive measures. Exposure to Hg and Cd was low, however, the slight increase in BHg and only a minor decrease in BCd, indicate the need for continuous biomonitoring of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Stajnko
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Assarson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Else Åkerberg Krook
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schmied A, Marske L, Berger M, Kujath P, Weber T, Kolossa-Gehring M. Human biomonitoring of deoxynivalenol (DON) - Assessment of the exposure of young German adults from 1996 - 2021. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 252:114198. [PMID: 37311395 PMCID: PMC10410250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequently found contaminant in cereals and cereal-based products. As a German contribution to the European Joint Programme HBM4EU, we analysed the total DON concentration (tDON) in 24-h urine samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB). In total, 360 samples collected in 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2021 from young adults in Muenster (Germany), were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) after enzymatic deconjugation of the glucuronide metabolites. tDON was found in concentrations above the lower limit of quantification (0.3 μg/L) in 99% of the samples. Medians of the measured concentrations and the daily excretion were 4.3 μg/L and 7.9 μg/24 h, respectively. For only nine participants, urinary tDON concentrations exceeded the provisional Human biomonitoring guidance value (HBM GV) of 23 μg/L. Urinary tDON concentrations were significantly higher for male participants. However, 24-h excretion values normalized to the participant's body weight did not exhibit any significant difference between males and females and the magnitude remained unchanged over the sampling years with exception of the sampling year 2001. Daily intakes were estimated from excretion values. Exceedance of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1 μg/kg bw per day was observed for less than 1% of all participants. TDI exceedances were only present in the sampling year 2001 and not in more recent sampling years while exceedance of the HBM guidance value was also observed in 2011 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Schmied
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lennart Marske
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Berger
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kujath
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
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Arrifano GDP, Augusto-Oliveira M, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Macchi BM, do Nascimento JLM, Crespo-Lopez ME. Global Human Threat: The Potential Synergism between Mercury Intoxication and COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20054207. [PMID: 36901217 PMCID: PMC10001942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected billions of people worldwide, and exposure to toxic metals has emerged as an important risk factor for COVID-19 severity. Mercury is currently ranked as the third toxic substance of global concern for human health, and its emissions to the atmosphere have increased globally. Both COVID-19 and mercury exposure present a high prevalence in similar regions: East and Southeast Asia, South America and Sub-Saharan Africa. Since both factors represent a multiorgan threat, a possible synergism could be exacerbating health injuries. Here, we discuss key aspects in mercury intoxication and SARS-CoV-2 infection, describing the similarities shared in clinical manifestations (especially neurological and cardiovascular outcomes), molecular mechanisms (with a hypothesis in the renin-angiotensin system) and genetic susceptibility (mainly by apolipoprotein E, paraoxonase 1 and glutathione family genes). Literature gaps on epidemiological data are also highlighted, considering the coincident prevalence. Furthermore, based on the most recent evidence, we justify and propose a case study of the vulnerable populations of the Brazilian Amazon. An understanding of the possible adverse synergism between these two factors is crucial and urgent for developing future strategies for reducing disparities between developed and underdeveloped/developing countries and the proper management of their vulnerable populations, particularly considering the long-term sequelae of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Paula Arrifano
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.d.P.A.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Barbarella Matos Macchi
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Martins do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.d.P.A.); (M.E.C.-L.)
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Fichter SC, Groth K, Fiedler N, Kolossa-Gehring M, Dębiak M. Lysmeral Exposure in Children and Adolescences Participating in the German Environmental Survey (2012-2015): Integrating Sex/Gender into Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17072. [PMID: 36554956 PMCID: PMC9778794 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive consideration of the biological and social diversities of sex and gender as well as their interdependencies is mostly missing in human biomonitoring (HBM) studies. Using the INGER sex/gender concept as theoretical background, we analyzed differences in exposure to lysmeral, a compound commonly found as a fragrance in cosmetics, personal care, and household products, in 2294 children and adolescents in Germany using decision tree, regression, and mediation analysis. The variables "sex assigned at birth" and "age", as well as well as use of personal care products and fabric conditioner proved to have the highest explanatory value. Mediating effects of behaviour associated with societal gender expectations were observed, as the use of cosmetics correlated highly with lysmeral metabolites concentrations in girls between 6 and 17 years, with the strongest effect in adolescents between 14 and 17 years old. In the youngest age group (3-5 years) boys showed higher concentration of the metabolite tert-butylbenzoic acid (TBBA) compared to girls of the same age but only if TBBA urine concentrations were normalized on creatinine. Our study offers the first retrospective sex/gender assessment of HBM data. It demonstrates the possibilities to rethink and broaden sex/gender analysis in existing HBM-studies and highlights the need for inclusion of new sex/gender concepts in the design of new studies.
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