Pyto-Architechture of Ag, Au and Ag-Au bi-metallic nanoparticles using waste orange peel extract for enable carcinogenic Congo red dye degradation

Optimization of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan beads for efficient anionic dye adsorption: kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanistic insights via DFT analysis, and regeneration performance

Congo red, a persistent dye widely used in the textile industry, poses significant environmental hazards if not properly treated. In this study, the effectiveness of chitosan beads for removing Congo red from textile wastewater was investigated. A Box-Behnken design was utilized to optimize the degree of deacetylation (DDA) of the chitosan beads, achieving a maximum DDA of 95.79% under the optimal conditions of 100 °C, 300 min reaction time, and 45.91% NaOH concentration. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized adsorbent was performed using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and BET analysis, with a BET surface area of 11.5180 m2/g, indicating a substantial surface area for effective adsorption. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and was best described by the Langmuir model. At pH 6, an adsorbent dose of 0.06 g, and an optimal reaction time of 80 min, a maximum adsorption capacity of 110.37 mg/g was achieved, surpassing the performance of magnetic chitosan (40.12 mg/g) and powdered chitosan (42.48 mg/g). Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° = 10.91 kJ/mol and ΔG° < 0) indicate that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. DFT calculations were conducted to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, focusing on the role of benzene rings and oxygen atoms in Congo red as electron donors. These findings demonstrate that chitosan beads are a promising material for the removal of Congo red from contaminated wastewater.

Photo and electrochemical applications of green synthesized ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites materials under visible light using P. macrosolen L. leaf

This study investigates the photo-catalytic and super-capacitive properties of green-synthesized ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites using P. macrosolen L. leaf extract. The synthesis was performed in a single step at low temperature with a short reaction time. The synthesized materials were characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, UV-VIS and XPS. The ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites exhibited exceptional photo-catalytic efficiency and stability under visible light for the degradation of carbon-based dyes. The degradation rate constants of the optimized ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites were 0.054351 min⁻¹ for Methylene Orange (MO) and 0.048751 min⁻¹ for Toluidine Blue (TB), achieving degradation efficiencies of 99.69% and 98.50%, respectively, compared to ZnO (0.0075 min⁻¹). This remarkable improvement in visible-light photo-catalytic performance is attributed to the hetero-junction formation, which enhances charge separation and transfer through the matched crystal lattices and energy bands of Ag2O and ZnO. The Ag2O nanoparticles efficiently generate and transfer excited electrons to the ZnO conduction band under visible-light irradiation. Electrochemical studies revealed a significant improvement in specific capacitance, with the ZnO/Ag2O composite containing 50 wt% AgNO3 achieving a maximum specific capacitance of 655.0 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. This superior performance highlights the synergistic effect of ZnO and Ag2O in improving photo-catalytic and electrochemical properties. These findings demonstrate the potential of ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites for industrial dye degradation and super-capacitor applications.

Environmental profiling of gold nanoparticles by flavonoids fractionalization from carrica papaya leaf extract for photocatalytic debasement of organic contaminants and it's cyto-toxic analysis

In present investigation, Carica papaya leaf extract has been employed as a bio-reductant agent in order to synthesize ecologically sustainable bio-coupled gold nanoparticles. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed based on colour change of solution and its surface plasmon resonance peak measured using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The Morphology and size of nanoparticles were determined using transmission electron microscope (SEM/TEM), and its crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction studies. Surface area was determined via BET isotherm analysis. The elemental composition of Au nanoparticles was developed using the technique of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, FTIR analysis delineated the presence of functional groups present in the samples of the synthesized AuNPs. Thus, the efficiency of bio coupled Au nanoparticles in photo catalytically decomposing methylene blue was examined under the influence of visible light., the lethal MB colorant had been reduced to 95 % Within 90 min. And also 60% TOC removal was recorded after 5 min of degradation reaction, which increased to 99% after 90 min. Furthermore, cytotoxic experiments on Michigan Cancer Foundations-7 (MCF-7) cell lines showed that Au nanoparticles are effective anticancer agents with an IC50 of 87.2 g/mL on the top of the present work revealed the eco-safety and affordable production of Au nanoparticles from Carica papaya leaf extract, which displayed photocatalytic debasement of organic pollutants and cyto-toxicity effects was investigated.

Banana peel extract for CeO2 nanoflower synthesis: Enhancing photocatalytic activity for methyl orange dye removal and bactericidal effects

The cube architecture associated with the CeO2 nanoflowers (NFs) that generated, which had an average crystallization width of 7 nm, has been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic investigations. The method used is environmentally acceptable since it converts wasted banana peel extracts into CeO2 nanoflower. On the basis of artwork obtained from a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), CeO2 nanoparticles have been observed to possess a spherical shape and an average particle diameter of 21 nm. To take the purpose of this study, green-fabricated CeO2-NFs were used to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO) dye when exposed to sunshine. CeO2 nanofibers showed a degradation performance of 98% when compared to methyl orange dye. Evidently is a possibility that this may be caused by the presence of CeO2 nanoflowers, whereby enhance the interaction of electrons, which are holes dissolution, and adherence. Upon a single day of being exposed, the biocidal potential was tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus, among others. Due to the fact that its 32 mm minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for B. cereus was the highest among conventional medicines. As shown by the extraordinary capabilities of WBP@CeO2 tiny particles, manipulating of flexible tiny particles to feed the purpose of achieving effective and customizable infections and dermatologist advancements is really stunning.