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Eldesoqui M, Ahmed ME, Abdel-Kareem MA, Badawy MM, Dawood AF, Mohamed AS, Ibrahim AM, El-Mansi AA, El-Sherbiny M, Hendawy M. Curcumin Mitigates Malathion-Induced Renal Injury: Suppression of Apoptosis and Modulation of NF-κβ/TNF-α and Nrf2, and HO-1 Signaling. Metabolites 2023; 13:1117. [PMID: 37999213 PMCID: PMC10673029 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malathion is one of the most used organophosphorus pesticides that is used for many reasons such as agriculture and industry. Human exposure to malathion may occur through various means, such as eating food that has been treated with it. Malathion not only increases oxidative stress but also decreases the antioxidant capacity. Curcumin is a powerful antioxidant with many pharmacological actions. Curcumin can act as a free radical scavenger and inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Curcumin could combat the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant depletion that trigger the apoptotic pathways. This study aims to examine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects of curcumin. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (six rats each): control, curcumin, malathion, and malathion + curcumin groups. At the assigned time, blood samples were used for the assessment of serum creatinine, and the kidneys were excised and washed; parts of them were used for the assessment of total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and glutathione (GSH) activity, other parts were fixed in formalin for further staining. Histopathological evaluation was performed for the fixed specimens after staining with H&E, sirus red, and the immunohistochemical staining for NF-κβ, TNF-α, Caspase-3, Nrf2, and HO-1. Curcumin significantly decreases the serum creatinine after malathion exposure and significantly restores the oxidant/antioxidant balance by increasing TAC and GSH and decreasing TOS, OSI, and MDA. Curcumin exerts its reno-protective effect and restores the histological architecture of the kidney by downregulating the immune expression of NF-κβ, TNF-α, and Caspase-3 and upregulating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. This study concluded that curcumin protects against nephrotoxicity caused by malathion by exerting its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.E.); (M.E.A.); (M.H.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Magda E. Ahmed
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.E.); (M.E.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Mona A. Abdel-Kareem
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Moharram Badawy
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Amal Fahmy Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelaty Shawky Mohamed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ateya Megahed Ibrahim
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said P.O. Box 42511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Mansi
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamad El-Sherbiny
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.E.); (M.E.A.); (M.H.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud Hendawy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.E.); (M.E.A.); (M.H.)
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Mahmoudi N, Fatemi F, Rahmandoust M, Mirzajani F, Ranaei Siadat SO. Development of a carbon quantum dot-based sensor for the detection of acetylcholinesterase and the organophosphate pesticide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19551. [PMID: 37809678 PMCID: PMC10558800 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a proper and reliable fluorometric method is introduced for screening acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitors, using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as the signal reporter. Pure, S-doped, and P-doped CQDs, were synthesized and their recoverable fluorescence quenching properties were observed, when exposed to Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ quenching ions, respectively. The study on the recovery of their emission showed that after the introduction of another guest substance with a stronger affinity to the quenching ions, their fluorescence is restored. The Design Expert software was employed to compare the performance of the three CQDs, as fluorescent probes, based on their quenching efficiency and the percentage of their emission recovery in the presence of AChE and acetylthiocholine (ATCh). Based on the statistical analysis, among the studied CQDs, S-doped CQD was the most suitable candidate for sensor designing. The detection mechanism for the proposed S-doped CQD-based sensor is as follows: The strong binding of Cu2+ ions to carboxyl groups of S-doped CQD quenches the fluorescence signal. Then, hydrolysis of ATCh into thiocholine (TCh) in the presence of AChE causes fluorescence recovery, due to the stronger affinity of Cu2+ to the TCh, rather than the CQD. Finally, in the presence of malathion and chlorpyrifos inhibitors, AChE loses its ability to hydrolyze ATCh to TCh, so the fluorescence emission remains quenched. Based on the proposed detection technique, the designed sensor showed detection limits of 1.70 ppb and 1.50 ppb for malathion and chlorpyrifos, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fataneh Fatemi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Mirzajani
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Gupta R, Gupta T, Kaushik D. Ameliorative effect of ellagic acid and Vitamin C against malathion-induced toxicity in testis of adult Wistar rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23314. [PMID: 36650745 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The pesticide malathion (MT), an organophosphate, is highly neurotoxic and causes cholinergic disorders as well as cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Our purpose was to study the effect of ellagic acid (EA) and Vitamin C on the testis against MT-induced toxicity in the rats. Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were employed, separated into six groups and were given treatment for 14 days. The toxicity of MT on the testis was evaluated using a variety of physical parameters, such as mortality rate and body weight, as well as biochemical parameters, such as total protein, total cholesterol, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and haematological parameters, such as counts of red blood cells, haemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cells, as well as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb, and mean corpuscular Hb concentration. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed and a histological examination of the testis was performed. A sperm count technique and an analysis of sperm motility were used to determine the sperm quality. Biochemical indicators, sperm count, motility, viability and morphology were significantly decreased with MT. When compared with MT and the control group, EA and Vitamin C administration significantly increased sperm motility and count (p < 0.05). After receiving EA and Vitamin C, biochemical indicators and histological characteristics are also intensified. The results of the current investigation show that EA and Vitamin C can both reduce increased levels of biochemical markers and improve pathological alterations in the testis brought on by MT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Tinku Gupta
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, SRM University, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dhirender Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, India
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Alleviation of Malathion Toxicity Effect by Coffea arabica L. Oil and Olea europaea L. Oil on Lipid Profile: Physiological and In Silico Study. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112314. [PMID: 34834675 PMCID: PMC8619699 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The community health plans commonly use malathion (MAL), an organophosphate pesticide (OP), to eliminate pathogenic insects. The objective of the present research is to evaluate the consequences of Coffea arabica L. oil and Olea europaea L. oil on MAL-intoxicated male rats. Six equal groups of animals were used for conducting this study (n = 10). Animals in group one were designated as control, animals belonging to group two were exposed to MAL in the measure of hundred mg per kg BW (body weight) for forty-nine days (seven weeks), rats in the third and fourth groups were administered with 400 mg/kg BW of Coffea arabica L. and Olea europaea L. oils, respectively, and the same amount of MAL as given to the second group. Groups five and six were administered with the same amount of Coffea arabica L. oil and Olea europaea L. oil as given to group three. Exposure of rats to 100 mg/kg body weight of MAL resulted in statistical alteration of the serum lipid profile. A marked decline was noticed in the severe changes of these blood parameters when MAL-intoxicated rats were treated with Coffea arabica L. oil and Olea europaea L. oil. Two compounds from Coffea arabica L. oil (Chlorogenic acid) and Olea europaea L. oil (Oleuropein) demonstrated good interaction with xanthine oxidase (XO) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) enzymes that are associated with cholesterol production. The present study indicated that Coffea arabica L. oil and Olea europaea L. oil could be considered prospective and potential healing agents against metabolic conditions induced by MAL.
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Said NI, Abd-Elrazek AM, El-Dash HA. The protective role of resveratrol against sulfoxaflor-induced toxicity in testis of adult male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2105-2115. [PMID: 34236127 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to explore the protective role of resveratrol (RES) against sulfoxaflor (Sulfx)-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. The animals were divided into six groups: Control group, Sulfx treated groups (79.5 and 205 mg/kg/day), RES treated group (20 mg/kg/day), RES + Sulfx treated groups (20 mg/kg Res + 79.5 or 205 mg/kg Sulfx) orally for 28 consecutive days. Testicular samples were collected from all groups at the end of the treatment period. Tissue supernatants were isolated for oxidative stress and cellular energy parameters; tissue samples were prepared for histopathological examination. In addition, caspase-3 activity was calculated to assess spermatogenesis. Finally, DNA laddering assay was performed to detect DNA fragmentation as a hallmark of apoptosis. Our results showed that Sulfx treatment induced a significant increase in testicular levels of MDA, NOx, GSSG and reduced GSH level and cellular energy parameters in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control group. The results were confirmed by histopathological study which showed pathological changes in Sulfx treated groups. A significant increase in caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation was also observed. However, concomitant administration of RES to Sulfx -treated rats showed significant modulation against Sulfx-induced reproductive toxicity and attenuated the biochemical, apoptotic and histopathological changes. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure to Sulfx at the two selected doses induces testicular toxicity and these effects can be ameliorated by supplementation of RES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha I Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Areeg M Abd-Elrazek
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba A El-Dash
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Sohrabi T, Asadzadeh-Lotfabad M, Shafie Z, Amiri Tehranizadeh Z, Saberi MR, Chamani J. Description of the calf thymus DNA-malathion complex behavior by multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling techniques: EMF at low and high frequency approaches. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1346-1357. [PMID: 35096292 PMCID: PMC8769509 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58083.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small molecules can bind to DNA via covalent or non-covalent interactions, which results in altering or inhibiting the function of DNA. Thus, understanding the interaction patterns of medicines or other small molecules can be very crucial. In this study, the interaction between malathion and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA), in the absence and presence of electromagnetic field (EMF) at low and high frequencies, was investigated through various spectroscopies and viscosity measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS The interaction studies were performed by means of absorbance, circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, viscosity, thermal melting, and molecular modeling techniques. RESULTS The fluorescence intensity of the ctDNA-malathion complex in the presence of EMF, has revealed quenching of fluorescence emission curves. The dynamic interaction and RLS studies have implied the changes in ctDNA-malathion complex throughout the presence of EMF which suggested that hydrophobic forces play the main role in the binding. Studies have revealed that malathion does not have any effect on binding ethidium bromide to ctDNA, which signifies the groove binding. The viscosity of ctDNA increased as the malathion concentration was enlarged. The circular dichroism technique suggested that the ellipticity values of the ctDNA-malathion complex have not increased with enhancing the malathion concentration. Molecular docking and dynamics studies have indicated a potent electrostatic interaction between ctDNA and malathion in the groove binding site. CONCLUSION The results of spectroscopic studies reinforced a potent interaction between malathion and ctDNA in the absence and presence of EMF which can help us for further pharmaceutical drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Sohrabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Shafie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amiri Tehranizadeh
- Medical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saberi
- Medical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshidkhan Chamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Salari A, Roshanaei K, Rasoulian B, Fard JK. Carvacrol loaded beta cyclodextrin-alginate-chitosan based nanoflowers attenuates renal toxicity induced by malathion and parathion: A comparative toxicity. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 172:104747. [PMID: 33518056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of approximately 1.8 billion people involved in agriculture protect their food products using pesticides especially insecticides which may remain in foods as pesticide residues. Among insecticides organophosphates such as malathion have been widely used around the world and others such as parathion has been restricted because of their toxicity. Carvacrol (CAR) is the main component of Satureja khuzestanica. Since chemical composition of foods can alter toxicity of pesticides, in this work, the effect of coadministration of CAR and organophosphates on renal function has been studied and compared with the effect of coadministration of carvacrol loaded beta cyclodextrin-alginate-chitosan (BAC) based nanoflowers. Serum levels of urea and creatinine and histological examination were analyzed after 10 days of administration of chemicals. Malathion and parathion significantly increased urea and creatinine and induced renal inflammation. However, coadministration of CAR or BAC-CAR modified urea and creatinine and improved renal inflammation. BAC-CAR modified serum levels of urea more efficient than CAR (P < 0.05). It is concluded that BAC could be considered as a carrier for drugs used to treat renal disorders. Carvacrol can be used in the formulation of organophosphate pesticides, which may control pests more efficiently than conventional organophosphate pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Kambiz Roshanaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Bahram Rasoulian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Gupta VK, Kumar A, Pereira MDL, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Potential of Aloe vera on the Cartap and Malathion Mediated Toxicity in Wistar Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145177. [PMID: 32709052 PMCID: PMC7400062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aloe vera has been the most useful medicinal herb in the world since ancient times due to its vast biological effects. The presence of high content of bioactive compounds make Aloe vera a promising complementary and alternative agent in disease prevention. The effectiveness of A. vera-based medicines against pesticide toxicity has never been evaluated. It was therefore envisaged to develop an A. vera-based strategy to protect the non-target animals from adverse effects of the pesticides. This article illustrates the ameliorating effect of aqueous extract (AE) of A. vera leaves against the cartap and malathion toxicity. To evaluate the protective impact of A. vera against cartap (Ctp), malathion (Mtn) and a mixture of both pesticides, the animals were divided in eight groups, each containing six rats: Group 1- C (control), Group 2- AE + C, Group 3- Ctp, Group 4- Mtn, Group 5- Ctp + Mtn, Group 6- AE + Ctp, Group 7- AE + Mtn, Group 8- AE + Ctp + Mtn. Wistar rats exposed to Ctp, Mtn and Ctp + Mtn, displayed significant change in body weight. It was observed that the WBC level increased significantly in Mtn and Ctp + Mtn challenged groups. The contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum increased expressively in the Ctp, Mtn and Ctp + Mtn challenged groups. Rats treated with Ctp, Mtn and Ctp + Mtn displayed significant alterations in the levels of antioxidative indices (MDA, GSH, GST, GPx, SOD and CAT). Significant alterations were recorded in the activities of AST, ALT, ACP and ALP in Ctp, Mtn and Ctp + Mtn challenged groups. The histopathological results of liver supported the biochemical data. The pre-treatment of rats with the aqueous extract of A. vera leaves significantly protected them from the toxicity of pesticides. These results suggested that A. vera extract may be used as a promising natural agent for the management of pesticide induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P. 211002, India; (V.K.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P. 211002, India; (V.K.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi
- FCSM-Department of Biochemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P. 211002, India; (V.K.G.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-94-1571-5639
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Gupta VK, Siddiqi NJ, Ojha AK, Sharma B. Hepatoprotective effect of
Aloe vera
against cartap‐ and malathion‐induced toxicity in Wistar rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18329-18343. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nikhat J. Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil K. Ojha
- Department of Zoology Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India
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Shieh P, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The protective effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against oxidative stress-associated apoptosis evoked by the organophosphorus insecticide malathion in normal human astrocytes. Toxicology 2019; 417:1-14. [PMID: 30769050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malathion is one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture. However, malathion may be involved in the etiology of human brain dysfunction. Induction of ROS has been proposed as a mechanism of malathion-induced poisoning cases, but there are few data regarding the effects of malathion on oxidative stress-associated neurotoxicity in human glial cells. The aim was to explore the mechanism underlying effects of malathion on neurotoxicity in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHA cells) and evaluate the protective effects of the antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine, NAC). Cell viability was measured by the cell proliferation reagent (WST-1). Antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and catalase) were measured by an ELISA reader. Cell cycle distribution and ROS productions were detected by flow cytometry. Cell cycle-related protein levels (cyclin E1, CDK2, cyclin A2, CDK1/CDC2, or cyclin B1) and apoptotic protein levels (Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-3) were analyzed by Western blotting. In GHA cells, treatment with malathion (10-25 μM) for 24 h concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest. In terms of oxidative stresses, malathion elevated intracellular ROS levels, but reduced glutathion and antioxidant enzyme levels. Treatment with NAC (5 μM) reversed malathion-induced oxidative stress responses, and prevented malathion-evoked apoptosis by regulating apoptotic protein expressions. Together, in GHA cells, NAC mediated inhibition of malathion-activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways that involved cell cycle arrest and ROS responses. These data provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms behind malathion poisoning, and might suggest that NAC with its protective effects may be a potential compound for prevention of malathion-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, 90741, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, 90741, Taiwan, ROC.
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Ali RI, Ibrahim MA. Malathion induced testicular toxicity and oxidative damage in male mice: the protective effect of curcumin. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Akbel E, Arslan-Acaroz D, Demirel HH, Kucukkurt I, Ince S. The subchronic exposure to malathion, an organophosphate pesticide, causes lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage in rats: the protective role of resveratrol. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:503-512. [PMID: 30090600 PMCID: PMC6062150 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was planned to evaluate the protective role of resveratrol (Res) against subchronic malathion exposure in rats over four weeks. In total, 48 Wistar rats were used and divided equally into six groups. The groups were designed as the control group (received only a rodent diet and tap water), the corn oil group (0.5 ml corn oil by the oral route), and the malathion group (100 mg kg-1 day-1 by the oral route). Other three groups received malathion (100 mg kg-1 day-1) plus Res (5, 10, and 20 mg kg-1 day-1, respectively) by the oral route. Malathion increased malondialdehyde and 8-OHdG levels, whereas it decreased glutathione levels. Also, acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were found to be low in the blood, liver, kidney, heart, and brain tissues. Biochemical parameters were not notably changed in all groups. In contrast, Res treatment inverted malathion-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and activity of enzymes. Additionally, malathion-induced histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, heart, and brain were ameliorated by Res treatment. These results demonstrate that malathion increases oxidative stress and decreases the antioxidant status while Res has a protective function against malathion toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erten Akbel
- Usak University , Usak Health Training School , 64100 Usak , Turkey
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Department of Biochemistry , 03200 Afyonkarahisar , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +90272281312 - 16130
| | | | - Ismail Kucukkurt
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Department of Biochemistry , 03200 Afyonkarahisar , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +90272281312 - 16130
| | - Sinan Ince
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 03200 Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
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Selmi S, Rtibi K, Grami D, Sebai H, Marzouki L. Malathion, an organophosphate insecticide, provokes metabolic, histopathologic and molecular disorders in liver and kidney in prepubertal male mice. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:189-195. [PMID: 29854588 PMCID: PMC5977160 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of malathion exposure on oxidative stress, functional and metabolic parameters in kidney and liver of prepubertal male mice. For this reason, two separated groups of prepubertal male mice were used in this experiment. Animals were divided into two groups, group 1 served as a control and received the corn oil and group 2 was treated with 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of malathion for 30 days. In result, we found that the malathion administration led to the perturbation of biochemical markers and histopathological as well as molecular damages. These changes were accompanied by an oxidative alternation which was evaluated by lipoperoxidation process and MDA production, a diminution of sulfhydril groups (-SH) content and an antioxidant enzyme activities depletion such as total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoforms, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in both kidney and liver tissues. These changes were related with many histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney tissues. More importantly, this insecticide clearly caused a decline in the GPx-4 expression in liver as well as GPx-3 in kidney. These data suggest that prepubertal male mice exposure to malathion showed a marked deregulation of liver and kidney functions.
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Concentration of hepatic vitamins A and E in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin. Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 19:371-8. [DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the level of antioxidant vitamins A and E in the liver of rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin. Chlorpyrifos (Group I) was administered at a dose of 0.04 LD50 (6 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days, and enrofloxacin (Group II) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for 5 consecutive days. The animals of group III were given both of the mentioned above compounds at the same manner as groups I and II, but enrofloxacin was applied to rats for the last 5 days of chlorpyrifos exposure (i.e. on day 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28). Chlorpyrifos and enrofloxacin were administered to rats intragastrically via a gastric tube. The quantitative determination of vitamins was made by the HPLC method. The results of this study indicated a reduction in the hepatic concentrations of vitamins A and E, compared to the control, which sustained for the entire period of the experiment. The four-week administration of chlorpyrifos to rats resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins in the initial period of the experiment, i.e. up to 24 hours after exposure. For vitamin A the maximum drop was observed after 24 hours (19.24%) and for vitamin E after 6 hours (23.19%). Enrofloxacin caused a slight (3-9%) reduction in the level of the analysed vitamins. In the chlorpyrifos-enrofloxacin co-exposure group reduced vitamins A and E levels were also noted, but changes in this group were less pronounced in comparison to the animals intoxicated with chlorpyrifos only. The decrease in the antioxidant vitamin levels, particularly noticeable in the chlorpyrifos- and the chlorpyrifos combined with enrofloxacin-treated groups, may result not only from the increase in the concentration of free radicals, but also from the intensification of the secondary stages of lipid peroxidation.
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Flora SJS. Arsenic and dichlorvos: Possible interaction between two environmental contaminants. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 35:43-60. [PMID: 27049126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metals are ubiquitously present in the environment and pesticides are widely used throughout the world. Environmental and occupational exposure to metal along with pesticide is an area of great concern to both the public and regulatory authorities. Our major concern is that combination of these toxicant present in environment may elicit toxicity either due to additive or synergistic interactions or 'joint toxic actions' among these toxicants. It poses a rising threat to human health. Water contamination particularly ground water contamination with arsenic is a serious problem in today's scenario since arsenic is associated with several kinds of health problems, such arsenic associated health anomalies are commonly called as 'Arsenism'. Uncontrolled use and spillage of pesticides into the environment has resulted in alarming situation. Moreover serious concerns are being addressed due to their persistence in the environmental matrices such as air, soil and surface water runoff resulting in continuous exposure of these harmful chemicals to human beings and animals. Bio-availability of these environmental toxicants has been enhanced much due to anthropological activities. Dreadfully very few studies are available on combined exposures to these toxicants on the animal or human system. Studies on the acute and chronic exposure to arsenic and DDVP are well reported and well defined. Arsenic is a common global ground water contaminant while dichlorvos is one of the most commonly and widely employed organophosphate based insecticide used in agriculture, horticulture etc. There is thus a real situation where a human may get exposed to these toxicants while working in a field. This review highlights the individual and combined exposure to arsenic and dichlorvos on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J S Flora
- Division of Regulatory Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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Spodniewska A, Barski D, Giżejewska A. Effect of enrofloxacin and chlorpyrifos on the levels of vitamins A and E in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:587-591. [PMID: 26356388 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of enrofloxacin and chlorpyrifos, and their combination on vitamin A and E concentrations in the liver of rats. Results of this study indicated a reduction in the contents of vitamins A and E in the liver, which persisted for the entire period of the experiment. Vitamins A and E concentrations were slightly decreased (2-7%) in enrofloxacin-treated rats. In the group of rats intoxicated with chlorpyrifos, a significant decrease in the level of vitamin A was observed up to the 24th hour, and for vitamin E up to the 3rd day from the discontinuation of intoxication with the compounds under study. In the enrofloxacin-chlorpyrifos co-exposure group reduced vitamins A and E level was also noted. The greatest fall in vitamin A level was observed after 3h, while the contents of vitamin E decreased progressively up to the 3rd day. Changes in this group were less pronounced in comparison to the animals intoxicated with chlorpyrifos only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Spodniewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego 14 Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Barski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego 14 Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Giżejewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego 14 Street, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Venkatachalam D, Dumka VK. Pharmacokinetic profile of cefquinome after oral subchronic flubendiamide exposure and in vitro plasma protein binding in buffalo calves. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:321-326. [PMID: 25546120 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The disposition kinetics study of cefquinome was conducted following single intravenous (IV) administration of 2mg/kg bodyweight in buffalo calves after oral subchronic exposure to flubendiamide and to determine the in vitro plasma protein binding of cefquinome. Plasma concentrations of cefquinome were analyzed using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results were compared with our earlier study on the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in untreated buffalo calves. Plasma concentration-time data for cefquinome following IV injection were best fit into a two-compartmental open model in flubendiamide-exposed buffalo calves. Following flubendiamide exposure, most of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefquinome were significantly altered in buffalo calves. Cefquinome was bound to plasma proteins of buffalo calves to the extent of 11.4±0.66%. In flubendiamide-exposed animals an intravenous dose of 2mg/kg body weight would maintain the therapeutic plasma levels required to be effective against the bacterial pathogens with MIC values ≤0.39μg/mL for only 12h, whereas in untreated buffalo calves the same dose of 2mg/kg body weight would maintain the plasma levels up to 24h, The study revealed that subchronic flubendiamide exposure significantly alters the disposition of cefquinome in buffalo calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakaran Venkatachalam
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Dumka
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India.
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Coban FK, Ince S, Kucukkurt I, Demirel HH, Hazman O. Boron attenuates malathion-induced oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:391-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.974109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Elsharkawy EE, Yahia D, El-Nisr NA. Chlorpyrifos induced testicular damage in rats: ameliorative effect of glutathione antioxidant. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1011-1019. [PMID: 23172834 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the induction of oxidative stress in the testes of adult rats exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF). CPF was administered orally, in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight to male rats for 90 days, twice weekly. Coadministration of water-soluble nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was performed in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, orally, for the same period. Another two groups of male rats were administered GSH and corn oil, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase and GSH reductase were decreased while the levels of lipid peroxidation were increased in the testicular tissues of the exposed animals. Testosterone level in the serum was significantly decreased. A decrease in the histochemical determination of testicular alkaline phosphatase was observed in CPF-treated rats. A significant decrease in all stages of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules was recorded in the exposed animals. Coadministration of GSH restored these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E Elsharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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β-Cryptoxanthin ameliorates the reproductive toxicity of chlorpyrifos in male rabbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lasram MM, Bini Douib I, Bouzid K, Annabi A, EL ELJ N, Dhouib H, El Fazaa S, Abdelmoula J, Gharbi N. Effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine,in vivo, against pathological changes induced by malathion. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:294-306. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.886003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dutta AL, Sahu CR. Emblica officinalis Garten fruits extract ameliorates reproductive injury and oxidative testicular toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos in male rats. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:541. [PMID: 24255841 PMCID: PMC3824715 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides have destroying properties on male reproduction and chlorpyrifos adversely affects the male reproductive system. Emblica offcinalis Garten plays a vital role to challenge many diseases in human body. We investigated the induction of oxidative stress in the male reproductive system of adult rats (Wistar Strain) exposed to widely used organophosphate pesticide, Chlorpyrifos, and tried to establish the ameliorative properties of Emblica officinalis Garten with respect to reproductive reconstruction in them. Rats were divided into 2 groups, control group and experimental group, and the experimental group was divided into 3 groups (G1-G3). All the groups had 5 rats each. Control group received water, experimental group, G1, received 20 mg/kg bw/day Emblica officinalis Garten, G2 received 12 mg/kg bw/day chlorpyrifos and G3 received 12 mg chlorpyrifos with 20 mg Emblica officinalis Garten /kg bw/day. Treatment was done orally from 30 days. Thereafter body weight, male reproductive organs weight, sperm count, sperm morphology, ACP, ALP, total protein, uric acid and testis and serum testosterone level were determined using standard methods. The changes recorded are indicative of infertility in male rats because of chlorpyrifos exposure. When the subjects were treated with Emblica officinalis Garten in conjunction with chlorpyrifos, these parameters exhibited recovery and when treated with Emblica officinalis Garten alone, these parameters were more or less near to the control group. This highlights the debilitating effect of chlorpyrifos and scavenging property of Emblica officinalis Garten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Lal Dutta
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal pin- 741235 India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Sahu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal pin- 741235 India
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Kalender S, Uzun FG, Durak D, Demir F, Kalender Y. Malathion-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: The effects of vitamins C and E. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:633-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Malathion-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective effect of vitamins C and E. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1903-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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