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Ajaz S, Zaidi SEZ, Ali SM, Siddiqa A, Memon MA, Firasat S, Abid A, Khaliq S. Absence of Glutathione S-Transferase Theta 1 Gene Is Significantly Associated With Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Pakistani Population and Poor Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients: A Case-Control and Case Series Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:678705. [PMID: 34938652 PMCID: PMC8685396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.678705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Deletion of Glutathione S-Transferase Theta 1 (GSTT1) encoding gene is implicated in breast cancer susceptibility, clinical outcomes, and survival. Contradictory results have been reported in different studies. The present investigation based on a representative Pakistani population evaluated the GSTT1-absent genotype in breast cancer risk and prognosis. Methods A prospective study comprising case-control analysis and case series analysis components was designed. Peripheral blood samples were collected from enrolled participants. After DNA extraction, GSTT1 genotyping was carried out by a multiplex PCR with β-globin as an amplification control. Association evaluation of GSTT1 genotypes with breast cancer risk, specific tumor characteristics, and survival were the primary endpoints. Results A total of 264 participants were enrolled in the molecular investigation (3 institutions). The study included 121 primary breast cancer patients as cases and 143 age-matched female subjects, with no history of any cancer, as controls. A significant genetic association between GSTT1-absent genotype and breast cancer susceptibility (p-value: 0.03; OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.08-4.29) was reported. The case-series analysis showed lack of association of GSTT1 genotypes with menopause (p-value: 0.86), tumor stage (p-value: 0.12), grade (p-value: 0.32), and size (p-value: 0.07). The survival analysis revealed that GSTT1-absent genotype cases had a statistically significant shorter overall survival (OS) than those with the GSTT1-present genotype cases (mean OS: 23 months vs 33 months). The HR (95% CI) for OS in patients carrying GSTT1-absent genotype was 8.13 (2.91-22.96) when compared with the GSTT1-present genotype. Conclusions The present study is the first report of an independent significant genetic association between GSTT1-absent genotype and breast cancer susceptibility in a Pakistani population. It is also the foremost report of the association of this genotype with OS in breast cancer cases. Upon further validation, GSTT1 variation may serve as a marker for devising better population-specific strategies. The information may have translational implications in the screening and treatment of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ajaz
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sani-E-Zehra Zaidi
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saleema Mehboob Ali
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Siddiqa
- Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Memon
- Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Firasat
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aiysha Abid
- Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Khaliq
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Dos Santos SP, Morissugui SS, Gimenez Martins APD, Fernandes GMDM, Russo A, Galbiatti-Dias ALS, Castanhole-Nunes MMU, Francisco JLE, Pavarino ÉC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Evaluation of molecular markers GSTM1 and GSTT1 and clinical factors in breast cancer: case-control study and literature review. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1326-1334. [PMID: 34096444 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1938291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in patients with breast cancer compared with individuals without history of cancer, and the association of these polymorphisms with clinical/epidemiological parameters.There were evaluated 752 women (219 patients and 533 controls). Molecular analysis was performed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was used multiple logistic regression and descriptive statistics.Age ≥50 years (OR =3.22, 95% CI =2.30 - 4.51, p <0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR =1.60, 95% CI =1.13 - 2.27, p = 0.008) were associated to the development of breast cancer, while smoking and null genotypes GSTM1 and GSTT1 presented no association. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms presented no relationship with the clinical and histopathological parameters or molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Ninety-two percent of tumors were invasive ductal, 66% were grade II, 65% were larger than 2 cm, the stages II (35.3%) and III (31.2%) were the most prevalent, and 47.7% were molecular subtype luminal B.Individuals aged ≥50 years and alcohol consumers have more chance to developing breast cancer. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms are not associated to the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Piacenti Dos Santos
- Molecular Biology: Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Sayuri Morissugui
- Molecular Biology: Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula D'Alarme Gimenez Martins
- Molecular Biology: Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria de Mendonça Fernandes
- Molecular Biology: Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Anelise Russo
- Molecular Biology: Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia Silva Galbiatti-Dias
- Molecular Biology: Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Luis Esteves Francisco
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, São José do Rio Preto Medical School Fundation - FAMERP/FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Medical School Fundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika Cristina Pavarino
- Molecular Biology: Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Medical School Fundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Molecular Biology: Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, São José do Rio Preto Medical School - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil.,São José do Rio Preto Medical School Fundation - FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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3
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Rehman MYA, Taqi MM, Hussain I, Nasir J, Rizvi SHH, Syed JH. Elevated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may trigger cancers in Pakistan: an environmental, occupational, and genetic perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42405-42423. [PMID: 32875453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds which are emitted through incomplete combustion of organic materials, fossil fuels, consumption of processed meat, smoked food, and from various industrial activities. High molecular mass and mobility make PAHs widespread and lethal for human health. A cellular system in human detoxifies these toxicants through specialized enzymatic machinery called xenobiotic-metabolizing (CYP450) and phase-II (GSTs) enzymes (XMEs). These metabolizing enzymes include cytochromes P450 family (CYP1, CYP2), glutathione s-transferases, and ALDHs. Gene polymorphisms in XMEs encoding genes can compromise their metabolizing capacity to detoxify ingested carcinogens (PAHs etc.) that may lead to prolong and elevated exposure to ingested toxicants and may consequently lead to cancer. Moreover, PAHs can induce cancer through reprograming XMEs' gene functions by altering their epigenetic markers. This review article discusses possible interplay between individual's gene polymorphism in XMEs' genes, their altered epigenetic markers, and exposure to PAHs in cancer susceptibility in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PO, 45320, Pakistan
- Business Unit Environmental Resources and Technologies, Center for Energy, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jawad Nasir
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hussain Haider Rizvi
- Earth Sciences Directorate, Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), P.O. Box 8402, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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Sengupta D, Banerjee S, Mukhopadhyay P, Guha U, Ganguly K, Bhattacharjee S, Sengupta M. A meta-analysis and in silico analysis of polymorphic variants conferring breast cancer risk in the Indian subcontinent. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2121-2142. [PMID: 32744066 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic association studies on breast cancer on the Indian subcontinent have yielded conflicting results, and the precise effect of these variants on breast cancer pathogenesis is not known. Methods: Genomic variants, as obtained from selected studies from the Indian subcontinent, were subjected to random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analysis. Functional annotation of the relevant variants was done through a tried and tested in silico pipeline. Results: We found rs4646903/CYP1A1, rs1799814/CYP1A1, rs61886492/GCPII, del2/GSTM1, rs4680/COMT and rs1801394/MTRR to be associated with breast cancer. The del2/GSTM1 holds the association in premenopausal women. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind from the Indian subcontinent analysing the extent of association of variants across populations followed by their functional annotation in the disease pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Souradeep Banerjee
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Pramiti Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Udayan Guha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Kausik Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Near Netaji Subhas Sanatorium Post Office, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
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5
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Sljivancanin Jakovljevic T, Jacimovic J, Nikolic N, Milasin J. Lack of association between glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to preeclampsia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13303. [PMID: 32658338 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient response to oxidative stress in placenta is proposed as a contributing factor for preeclampsia (PE) development. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) have significant role in detoxification processes. Conflicting results were published by several research groups regarding GST T1 and GST M1 deletion polymorphism as risk factors for PE. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to get a better understanding of the impact of these polymorphisms in preeclampsia development. To identify relevant case-control studies, the author team searched Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, major subject journals, and gray literature. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for GST M1 and GST T1 deletion polymorphism and preeclampsia were derived from random effects models. This meta-analysis included 10 eligible studies. The pooled analyses showed no association between GST M1/GST T1 deletion polymorphisms and susceptibility to PE. Even though high heterogeneity was founded among results for GST M1 and double null genotypes, Egger's and Begg's tests (0.17 and 0.18, respectively) revealed no statistical evidence of publication bias among included studies. The present updated systematic review and meta-analysis found no association between GST M1 and GST T1 deletion polymorphism and PE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Jacimovic
- Central Library, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Polymorphisms in GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes as possible risk factors for susceptibility to breast cancer development and their influence in chemotherapy response: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5495-5501. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Youn HJ, Han W. A Review of the Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Asia: Focus on Risk Factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:867-880. [PMID: 32334446 PMCID: PMC7445974 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. To date, regional differences in breast cancer risk factors have not been identified. The aim of our review was to gain a better understanding of the role of risk factors in women with breast cancer in Asia. Methods: We conducted a PubMed search on 15 March 2016, for journal articles published in English between 2011 and 2016, which reported data for human subjects in Asia with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Search terms included breast neoplasm, epidemiology, Asia, prevalence, incidence, risk and cost of illness. Studies of any design were included, except for review articles and meta-analyses, which were excluded to avoid duplication of data. No exclusions were made based on breast cancer treatment. We reported the results using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: A total of 776 abstracts were retrieved. After screening against the eligibility criteria, 562 abstracts were excluded. The remaining 214 abstracts, which were published between 2013 and 2015, were included in this review. Results were summarized and reported under three categories: incidence, prevalence or outcomes for breast cancer in Asia; modifiable risk factors; and non-modifiable risk factors. We found that the increased risk of breast cancer among participants from Asia was associated with older age, family history of breast cancer, early menarche, late menopause, high body mass index, being obese or overweight, exposure to tobacco smoke, and high dietary intake of fats or fatty foods. In contrast, intake of dietary fruits, vegetables, and plant- and soy-based products was associated with a decreased breast cancer risk. While based on limited data, when compared to women from the United States, women from Asia had a decreased risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: This review of 214 abstracts of studies in Asia, published between 2013 and 2015, confirmed the relevance of known non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jo Youn
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Republic of Korea
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8
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Avazpour N, Hajjari M, Kazemi Nezhad SR, Tahmasebi Birgani M. SNHG1 Long Noncoding RNA is Potentially Up-Regulated in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:897-901. [PMID: 32334448 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in CRC initiation and progression is remained to be unknown. It seems that lncRNAs, as the main and lengthy functional transcripts of the genome, have important roles in different cancers such as CRC. CRC-related lncRNAs are reported to be involved in diverse molecular processes such as metastasis, invasion, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. This study was aimed to analyse the expression level of lncRNA SNHG1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal tissues. We performed an in silico analysis on a large cohort and confirmed the results by experimental analysis of clinical samples through real-time PCR. Our findings demonstrated that that SNHG1 is potentially overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The expression level of SNHG1 was shown to be potentially associated with clinicopathological features of tumors. The current study suggests the potential role of SNHG1 in colon cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Avazpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Hajjari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Sljivancanin Jakovljevic T, Kontic-Vucinic O, Nikolic N, Carkic J, Soldatovic I, Milasin J. Glutathione-S-transferase M1 polymorphism and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β are associated with preeclampsia in Serbian women. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13105. [PMID: 30811718 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia has a multifactorial origin with genetic, immunological, and environmental factors described as main contributors to its onset. This study aimed to investigate glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione-S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene polymorphisms, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and the potential relationship between GST polymorphisms and cytokine expression levels in preeclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY This prospective case-control study included 50 women with preeclampsia and 50 healthy pregnant women. DNA and RNA were extracted from women leukocytes. Deletion polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR, while cytokine mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS GSTM1 null genotype with present GSTT1 increased the risk for preeclampsia development. Deletion of GSTT1 without deletion of GSTM1 increased the risk for early preeclampsia. Relative mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in preeclampsia compared to healthy pregnant women (P = 0.006). Expression of IL-1β was significantly higher in severe and late preeclampsia compared to the control group (P = 0.005, P = 0.007, respectively). A significant positive correlation between TNF-α and IL-1β was observed (Spearman's ρ = 0.312, P = 0.028) and between IL-1β and IL-6, in preeclampsia group (Spearman's ρ = 0.296, P = 0.037). IL-1β was significantly increased in patients with GSTT1 null genotype (P = 0.015) while IL-6 was increased in patients with GSTM1 null genotype (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS GSTM1 null genotype represents a risk factor for preeclampsia development, while GSTT1 null genotype favors early preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is also associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, predominantly TNF-α and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivera Kontic-Vucinic
- Department of Human Reproduction, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Carkic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Sharma AK, Sharma VR, Gupta GK, Ashraf GM, Kamal MA. Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), Glutathione and Breast Cancer: Factors, Mechanism and Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:65-71. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180912104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are basically the end result of glycation of proteins
and/or lipids in the presence of sugars. Specific cases of hyperglycemia have been reported with increased propensity
of generation of AGEs. Many chronic and deadly diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative
disorders have been known to be caused as a result of generation of AGEs. The role of glutathione (GSH) metabolism
and its intricate association with AGEs have also been well established in breast cancer prognosis and treatment.
To understand the etiology, mechanism and production of AGEs along with clinical relevance of Receptors for Advanced
Glycation End-products (RAGE) and RAGE ligands, their interplay with GSH is of paramount importance
especially in relation to breast cancer.
Methods:
The available literature using PubMed, National Library of Medicine database, Web of Science and SCOPUS
indexed, Science Direct and other prestigious journals have been systematically reviewed using the keywords:
advanced glycation end-products, breast cancer, glutathione RAGE, and AGEs inhibitors. This narrative review of all
the relevant papers with significant citations has led us to have greater insight into the action mechanism and potential
therapeutic significance of AGEs inhibitors.
Results:
Targeting breast cancer with the specific immunoglobulins and with other therapeutic interventions is
needed to inhibit the generation of AGEs and manage glutathione expression, thus having strong implications in the
management of breast cancer. Many RAGE ligands such as HMGB1, S100P, S100A8, S100A9 etc. have been
known to enhance RAGE expression which may further lead to increased proliferation, migration and metastatic
nature of tumor cells. Hence, RAGE and RAGE ligands in a close linkup with GSH may prove to be effective therapeutic
markers of severity of breast cancer and for angiogenesis of tumor.
Conclusion:
This review provides a strong platform to comprehend the etiology, mechanism and production of
AGEs and glutathione along with the agents which can block their production, paving a way for the therapeutic intervention
and an amicable solution to treat and manage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana- Ambala (Haryana) 133207, India
| | - Var R. Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana- Ambala (Haryana) 133207, India
| | - Girish K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Kalacas NA, Garcia JA, Sy Ortin T, Valdez Jr A, Fellizar A, Ramos MC, Albano PM. GSTM1 and GSTT1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Selected Filipino Cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:529-535. [PMID: 30803216 PMCID: PMC6897019 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association of genetic polymorphisms with cancer development has been shown to be race- and tumor site-specific. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are associated with breast cancer among selected Filipinos. Methods: A total of 136 histologically confirmed breast cancer cases were age- and sex-matched with 136 clinically healthy controls. Genomic DNA extracted from blood samples of participants were screened for GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms by multiplex PCR. Results: The frequency of null genotypes among the cases (GSTM1: n=78; 57.4%; GSTT1: n=61; 44.9%) was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the controls (GSTM1: n=93; 68.4%; GSTT1: n=59; 43.4%). It was also demonstrated that risk for breast cancer was increased in passive smokers carrying the GSTM1 null (OR=2.56; 95% CI=1.38-4.75) or GSTT1 positive (OR=2.00; 95% CI=1.05-3.83) genotypes. Moreover, risk was decreased in alcohol users carrying the GSTT1 null (OR=0.39; 95% CI=0.16-0.97) genotype . Conclusion: This study suggests that variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 may not be risk factors for breast cancer development among Filipinos. However, the risk may be increased when these genotypes were combined with lifestyle or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Angelo Kalacas
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
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Hussain T, Alrokayan S, Upasna U, Pavithrakumari M, Jayapriya J, Kutala VK, Naushad SM. Meta-analysis of genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and their association with breast cancer risk. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Denic S, Agarwal MM. Breast cancer protection by genomic imprinting in close kin families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:136. [PMID: 29157216 PMCID: PMC5696730 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human inbreeding generally reduces breast cancer risk (BCR). When the parents are biologically related, their infants have a lower birth weight due to smaller body organs. The undersized breasts, because of fewer mammary stem cells, have a lower likelihood of malignant conversion. Fetal growth is regulated by genomically imprinted genes which are in conflict; they promote growth when derived from the father and suppress growth when derived from the mother. The kinship theory explicates that the intensity of conflict between these genes affects growth and therefore the size of the newborn. In descendants of closely related parents, this gene clash is less resulting in a smaller infant. In this review, we elucidate the different mechanisms by which human inbreeding affects BCR, and why this risk is dissimilar in different inbred populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Denic
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Mukesh M Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, California University of Science and Medicine, 217 E Club Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
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Faridi SH, Singh KD, Lodhi M. Concomitant Presence of Carcinoma of Breast in a Patient with Early-Onset Cataract: First Case Report of a Potential Association. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:PD05-PD07. [PMID: 28658846 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26913.9894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A recent nation-wide population based retrospective cohort study from Taiwan in 2014 suggested a propensity of developing breast cancer in young females with early-onset cataract. We report here a case of a young non-obese female who presented to us with a large lump in the right breast with skin nodules and bilateral painless progressive diminution of vision. Patient was diagnosed to be suffering from locally advanced carcinoma of right breast with axillary metastasis (Stage III B) and bilateral early-onset nuclear cataract. Patient was started on taxane and anthracycline based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and after three cycles of chemotherapy patient showed partial response (≈50% reduction of tumour mass). Patient underwent small incision cataract surgery in left eye after the first cycle of chemotherapy. However, the patient was lost before any operative intervention could be done as she died in a road traffic accident. Possible mechanism of development of breast cancer in patients with early-onset cataract is discussed. This is the first reported case of a patient of early-onset cataract developing breast cancer as well as the first reported case of concomitant presence of early-onset bilateral cataract with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Habib Faridi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaushal Deep Singh
- Senior Resident, Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mehershree Lodhi
- Junior Resident, Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Song Z, Shao C, Feng C, Lu Y, Gao Y, Dong C. Association of glutathione S-transferase T1, M1, and P1 polymorphisms in the breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:763-9. [PMID: 27274261 PMCID: PMC4869650 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several case-control studies investigating the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 (rs1695) and the risk of breast cancer have reported contradictory results. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to clarify this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS An updated meta-analysis using PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases for the eligible case-control studies was performed. Random- or fixed-effects model was used. RESULTS A total of 10,067 cancer cases and 12,276 controls in 41 independent case-control studies from 19 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Significant increase in risk of breast cancer for Asians was found in GSTM1-null genotype (P=0.012, odds ratio [OR] =1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.04-1.32) and GSTT1-null genotype (P=0.039, OR =1.19, 95% CI =1.01-1.41). In addition, our results showed that the GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphisms can significantly increase the risk among Caucasians (P=0.042, OR =1.16, 95% CI =1.01-1.34). Sensitivity analysis and publication bias further confirmed the dependability of the results in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that both GSTM1- and GSTT1-null polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Asians and that GSTP1 Val105Ile (rs1695) polymorphism is associated with an increased breast cancer risk in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwang Song
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer in South Asian Population: Risk Assessment Against Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-016-2139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Ozen F, Erdis E, Sik E, Silan F, Uludag A, Ozdemir O. Germ-line MTHFR C677T, FV H1299R and PAI-1 5G/4G variations in breast carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:2903-8. [PMID: 23803051 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various oncogenes related to cancer have been extensively studied and several polymorphisms have been found to be associated with breast cancer. The current report outlines analysis of germ-line polymorphisms for C677T, A1298C (MTHFR), Leiden, R2 (FV) and 5G/4G (PAI-1) in Turkish breast cancer patients. We studied 51 cases diagnosed with invasive ductal and operable with lymph node-positive breast cancer and 106 women as a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheric blood-DNA samples were used for genotyping by StripAssay technique which is based on the reverse-hybridization principle and real-time PCR methods and results were compared statistically. RESULTS The frequency of the MTHFR gene 677T and 1298A alleles were significantly higher in cancer patients than in the healthy subjects. The T allele frequency in codon 677 was 2.3-fold and C allele frequency was 3.1-fold increased in BC when compared to the control group for the MTHFR gene. Both differences were statistically significant (OR: 2.295, CI: 1.283-4.106), p<0.006 and (OR: 3.131, CI:1.826-5.369), p<0.0001 respectively. The R2 allele frequency of FV gene was 5.1-fold increased in the current BC when compared to the control group and that difference was also statistically significant (OR: 5.133, CI: 1.299-20.28), p<0.02. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that germ-line polymorphisms of C677T, C1298A for MTHFR and R2 for FV are associated in breast cancer and may be additional prognostic markers related to breast cancer survival. The results now need to be confirmed in a larger group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Genetic polymorphisms in Glutathione S-transferase Omega (GSTO) and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 20 studies. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6578. [PMID: 25300926 PMCID: PMC4192632 DOI: 10.1038/srep06578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase Omega (GSTO) plays an important role in the development of cancer. Recently, a number of studies have investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms on GSTO and susceptibility to cancer; however, the results remain inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis of 20 studies, involving 4770 cases and 5701 controls to identify the strength of association by pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, the pooled results revealed a significantly increased risk of susceptibility for GSTO2 polymorphism (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.02-1.41, Pheterogeneity = 0.116), but no significant association was found for GSTO1 polymorphism. Subgroup analysis showed that GSTO2 polymorphism significantly increased cancer risk in Caucasian population (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.06-1.64, Pheterogeneity = 0.616) and GSTO2 polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of breast cancer (GG vs. AA OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.06-1.77; Pheterogeneity = 0.281). This meta-analysis demonstrates that GSTO2 polymorphism may significantly increase cancer risk in Caucasian population and is associated with elevated risk of breast cancer; while GSTO1 polymorphism is not associated with cancer risk.
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Chiang CC, Lin CL, Peng CL, Sung FC, Tsai YY. Increased risk of cancer in patients with early-onset cataracts: a nationwide population-based study. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:431-6. [PMID: 24450445 PMCID: PMC4317801 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset cataracts are associated with insufficient antioxidative activity, and, therefore, a potential risk of cancer. This study investigated the risk of cancer after being diagnosed with early-onset cataracts. Retrospective claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed. Study subjects were comprised of patients with early-onset cataracts, aged 20–55 years (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 366.00, 366.01, 366.02, 366.03, 366.04, 366.09, 366.17 and 366.18) and newly diagnosed between 1997 and 2010 (n = 1281), and a comparison cohort without the disease (n = 5124). Both cohorts were followed up until 2010 to estimate the incidences of cancer. We used the Poisson regression model to compare incidence rate ratios and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of cancer associated with early-onset cataracts. The overall incidence rate of all cancers was 2.19-fold higher in the early-onset cataract cohort than in the comparison cohort (8.06 vs 3.68 per 1000 person-years) with an adjusted HR of 2.13 (95% CI = 1.48, 3.07). The site-specific analysis also showed a strong relationship, with adjusted HR of 3.24 ((95% CI = 1.30, 8.10) for head and neck cancer, 3.29 (95% CI 1.16, 9.31) for hepatoma and 3.19 (95% CI 1.34, 7.58) for breast cancer. The present study suggests that patients with early-onset cataracts are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with cancer in subsequent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chi Chiang
- Division of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University College of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
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Deng Y, Cai W, Xu J, Zhu W, Luo D, Zhang W, Liu W, Wan F, Yi J. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for the simultaneous detection of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:274-8. [PMID: 24527777 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in the detoxification of a wide variety of toxicants. Among GSTs, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphic deletions and the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism were often studied in combination in many diseases because of their additive effects, but they were usually genotyped by two separate methods. AIM The purpose of the present study was to develop a simple and reliable method to simultaneously detect these three polymorphisms. METHODS The three polymorphisms of 259 volunteers were genotyped using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR), and the results were validated by multiplex PCR for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and DNA sequencing of the GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism, respectively. RESULTS The multiplex PCR method of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms based on T-ARMS-PCR can simultaneous detect the three polymorphisms in a single PCR. The results of this method are in perfect accord with the results of the multiplex PCR method of determining GSTM1, GSTT1 polymorphisms, and DNA sequencing of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism. CONCLUSION The novel multiplex PCR method of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms is simple, fast, low-cost, and reliable for the simultaneous detection of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- 1 Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, China
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