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Ballók B, Schranc Á, Tóth I, Somogyi P, Tolnai J, Peták F, Fodor GH. Comparison of the respiratory effects of commonly utilized general anaesthesia regimes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1249127. [PMID: 37791348 PMCID: PMC10544940 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1249127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Respiratory parameters in experimental animals are often characterised under general anaesthesia. However, anaesthesia regimes may alter the functional and mechanical properties of the respiratory system. While most anaesthesia regimes have been shown to affect the respiratory system, the effects of general anaesthesia protocols commonly used in animal models on lung function have not been systematically compared. Methods: The present study comprised 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups (N = 8 in each) according to anaesthesia regime applied: intravenous (iv) Na-pentobarbital, intraperitoneal (ip) ketamine-xylazine, iv propofol-fentanyl, inhaled sevoflurane, and ip urethane. All drugs were administered at commonly used doses. End-expiratory lung volume (EELV), airway resistance (Raw) and tissue mechanics were measured in addition to arterial blood gas parameters during mechanical ventilation while maintaining positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values of 0, 3, and 6 cm H2O. Respiratory mechanics were also measured during iv methacholine (MCh) challenges to assess bronchial responsiveness. Results: While PEEP influenced baseline respiratory mechanics, EELV and blood gas parameters (p < 0.001), no between-group differences were observed (p > 0.10). Conversely, significantly lower doses of MCh were required to achieve the same elevation in Raw under ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia compared to the other groups. Conclusion: In the most frequent rodent model of respiratory disorders, no differences in baseline respiratory mechanics or function were observed between commonly used anaesthesia regimes. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in response to ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia should be considered when designing experiments using this regime. The findings of the present study indicate commonly used anaesthetic regimes allow fair comparison of respiratory mechanics in experimental animals undergoing any of the examined anaesthesia protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Ballók
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Álmos Schranc
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Unit for Anaesthesiological Investigations, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care, and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ibolya Tóth
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Somogyi
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Tolnai
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Peták
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely H. Fodor
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Machado-Junior PA, de Souza ABF, Castro TDF, Perucci LO, Talvani A, Cangussú SD, Bezerra FS. The deleterious impact of exposure to different inhaled anesthetics is time dependent. Life Sci 2022; 309:121004. [PMID: 36170891 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of exposure to isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the oxidative response and inflammation at different times was analyzed in the lungs of adult C57BL/6 mice. 120 animals were divided into 3 groups (n = 40): Isoflurane (ISO), Sevoflurane (SEV) and Desflurane (DES) and exposed to these anesthetics for 1 h (n = 10), 2 h (n = 10) and 3 h (n = 10), at a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) equal to 1. The control group (CG) (n = 10) was exposed to ambient air. 24 h after the experimental protocol, the animals were euthanized and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood and lung tissue samples were collected. In the BALF, animals exposed to isoflurane for 2 h and 3 h showed a greater influx of leukocytes, especially macrophages compared to the CG. The ISO3h had lower leukocyte counts in the peripheral blood compared to CG, ISO1h and ISO2h. There was an increase in CCL-2 levels in the ISO3h compared to the CG. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in ISO1h compared to CG. The activity of catalase was higher in the ISO1h and ISO2h compared to the CG. The lipid peroxidation, as well as carbonylated protein were higher in the ISO3h compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in the exposure of SEV and DES compared to inflammation and redox imbalance in different periods. This study demonstrated that time is a determinant to promote a local and systemic inflammatory response to different inhalational anesthetics in a healthy murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves Machado-Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Physics and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Physics and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dantas Cangussú
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Ming XX, Zhang CP. Fluorine-Containing Inhalation Anesthetics: Chemistry, Properties and Pharmacology. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5599-5652. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191003155703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on fluorinated inhalation anesthetics, including synthesis, physical chemistry and
pharmacology, have been summarized in this review. Retrospecting the history of inhalation anesthetics
revealed their increasing reliance on fluorine and ether structures. Halothane causes a rare but
severe immune-based hepatotoxicity, which was replaced by enflurane in the 1970s. Isoflurane replaced
enflurane in the 1980s, showing modest advantages (e.g. lower solubility, better metabolic
stability, and without convulsive predisposition). Desflurane and sevoflurane came into use in the
1990s, which are better anesthetics than isoflurane (less hepatotoxicity, lower solubility, and/or
markedly decreased pungency). However, they are still less than perfect. To gain more ideal inhalation
anesthetics, a large number of fluorinated halocarbons, polyfluorocycloalkanes, polyfluorocycloalkenes,
fluoroarenes, and polyfluorooxetanes, were prepared and their potency and toxicity were
evaluated. Although the pharmacology studies suggested that some of these agents produced anesthesia,
no further studies were continued on these compounds because they showed obvious lacking
as anesthetics. Moreover, the anesthetic activity cannot be simply predicted from the molecular
structures but has to be inferred from the experiments. Several regularities were found by experimental
studies: 1) the potency and toxicity of the saturated linear chain halogenated ether are enhanced
when its molecular weight is increased; 2) the margin of safety decreases and the recovery
time is prolonged when the boiling point of the candidate increases; and 3) compounds with an
asymmetric carbon terminal exhibit good anesthesia. Nevertheless, the development of new inhalation
anesthetics, better than desflurane and sevoflurane, is still challenging not only because of the
poor structure/activity relationship known so far but also due to synthetic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ming
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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Yang ZY, Yuan CX. IL-17A promotes the neuroinflammation and cognitive function in sevoflurane anesthetized aged rats via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:147. [PMID: 30342469 PMCID: PMC6195755 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the role of IL-17A in the neuroinflammation and cognitive function of aged rats anaesthetized with sevoflurane through NF-κB pathway. Method The aged and young adult rats were randomly divided into Control (inhale oxygen only), Sevoflurane (inhale oxygen and sevoflurane), Sevo (Sevoflurane) + anti-IL-17A (injected with IL-17A antibody, inhale oxygen and sevoflurane), and Sevo + NC groups (injected with IgG2a antibody, inhale oxygen and sevoflurane). Cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze and contextual fear conditioning tests. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expressions in the hippocampus of rats were detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) assay, and Nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway-related proteins by Western blot. Results Sevoflurane anaesthetized aged rats showed longer escape latency and swimming distance, fewer platform crossing times, shortened stay time in the platform quadrant compared to Control rats; In addition, increased levels in hippocampal expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-17A, NF-κB p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2, as well as a reduced level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also observed in these animals. However, the sevoflurane anesthetized aged rats treated with anti-IL-17A presented a completely opposite tendency concerning the above factors (all P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the acquisition of learning or memory, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress of young adult rats in all groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Anti-IL-17A may alleviate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via inhibiting NF-κB pathway, thereby attenuating post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats anaesthetized with sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Yun Yang
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, No.6, Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Xiu Yuan
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, No.6, Jiankang Road, Rencheng District, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
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Arslan A, Kuyrukluyildiz U, Binici O, Cetin N, Balci MG, Kuzucu M, Yilmaz A, Altuner D, Coban TA. Can thıamıne pyrophosphate prevent desflurane ınduced hepatotoxıcıty ın rats? Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:168-75. [PMID: 27050787 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160030000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) against desflurane induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Thirty experimental animals were divided into groups as healthy (HG), desflurane control (DCG) , TPP and desflurane group (TDG). 20 mg/kg TPP was injected to intraperitoneally TDG. After one hour of TPP administration, desflurane was applied for two hours. After 24 hours, liver tissues of the animals killed with decapitation were removed. The oxidant/antioxidant levels and ALT, AST and LDH activities were measured. The histopathological examinations were performed in the liver tissues for all rats. RESULTS Notwithstanding the levels of oxidants and liver enzymes were significantly increased (p<0.0001), antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in DCG (p<0.0001). On contrary to the antioxidant parameters were increased (p<0.05) the oxidant parameters and liver enzymes were decreased in TDG (p<0.0001). Whereas multiple prominent, congestion, hemorrhage and dilatation were observed in sinusoids and lymphocyte-rich inflammation results in the centrilobular and portal areas of liver tissue in DCG, these findings were observed less frequently in TDG. CONCLUSİON : Thiamine pyrophosphate prevented liver oxidative damage induced with desflurane and may be useful in prophylaxis of desflurane induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Arslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istinye State Hospitale, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kuyrukluyildiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Turkey
| | - Orhan Binici
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Mengucekgazi Training Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nihal Cetin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Turkey
| | - Mecdi Gurhan Balci
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kuzucu
- Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Durdu Altuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Turkey
| | - Taha Abdulkadir Coban
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Nalabotu SK, Kolli MB, Triest WE, Ma JY, Manne NDPK, Katta A, Addagarla HS, Rice KM, Blough ER. Intratracheal instillation of cerium oxide nanoparticles induces hepatic toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2327-35. [PMID: 22072870 PMCID: PMC3205129 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerium oxide (CeO(2)) nanoparticles have been posited to have both beneficial and toxic effects on biological systems. Herein, we examine if a single intratracheal instillation of CeO(2) nanoparticles is associated with systemic toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with control animals, CeO(2) nanoparticle exposure was associated with increased liver ceria levels, elevations in serum alanine transaminase levels, reduced albumin levels, a diminished sodium-potassium ratio, and decreased serum triglyceride levels (P < 0.05). Consistent with these data, rats exposed to CeO(2) nanoparticles also exhibited reductions in liver weight (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent hydropic degeneration, hepatocyte enlargement, sinusoidal dilatation, and accumulation of granular material. No histopathological alterations were observed in the kidney, spleen, and heart. Analysis of serum biomarkers suggested an elevation of acute phase reactants and markers of hepatocyte injury in the rats exposed to CeO(2) nanoparticles. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that intratracheal instillation of CeO(2) nanoparticles can result in liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva K Nalabotu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755-1090, USA
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