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Dines M, Kes M, Ailán D, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Born C, Grunze H. Bipolar disorders and schizophrenia: discrete disorders? Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1352250. [PMID: 38745778 PMCID: PMC11091416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With similarities in heritability, neurobiology and symptomatology, the question has been raised whether schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are truly distinctive disorders or belong to a continuum. This narrative review summarizes common and distinctive findings from genetics, neuroimaging, cognition and clinical course that may help to solve this ethiopathogenetic puzzle. Methods The authors conducted a literature search for papers listed in PubMed and Google Scholar, using the search terms "schizophrenia" and "bipolar disorder" combined with different terms such as "genes", "neuroimaging studies", "phenomenology differences", "cognition", "epidemiology". Articles were considered for inclusion if they were written in English or Spanish, published as full articles, if they compared subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, or subjects with either disorder with healthy controls, addressing differences between groups. Results Several findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are discrete disorders, yet some overlapping of findings exists. The evidence for heritability of both SZ and BD is obvious, as well as the environmental impact on individual manifestations of both disorders. Neuroimaging studies support subtle differences between disorders, it appears to be rather a pattern of irregularities than an unequivocally unique finding distinguishing schizophrenia from bipolar disorder. The cognitive profile displays differences between disorders in certain domains, such as premorbid intellectual functioning and executive functions. Finally, the timing and trajectory of cognitive impairment in both disorders also differs. Conclusion The question whether SZ and BD belong to a continuum or are separate disorders remains a challenge for further research. Currently, our research tools may be not precise enough to carve out distinctive, unique and undisputable differences between SZ and BD, but current evidence favors separate disorders. Given that differences are subtle, a way to overcome diagnostic uncertainties in the future could be the application of artificial intelligence based on BigData. Limitations Despite the detailed search, this article is not a full and complete review of all available studies on the topic. The search and selection of papers was also limited to articles in English and Spanish. Selection of papers and conclusions may be biased by the personal view and clinical experience of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Dines
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación INECO - Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Kes
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación INECO - Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Delfina Ailán
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación INECO - Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Cetkovich-Bakmas
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación INECO - Universidad Favaloro), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christoph Born
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatrie Schwäbisch Hall, Ringstraße, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Grunze
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatrie Schwäbisch Hall, Ringstraße, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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Rosa M, Scassellati C, Cattaneo A. Association of childhood trauma with cognitive domains in adult patients with mental disorders and in non-clinical populations: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1156415. [PMID: 37425159 PMCID: PMC10327487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1156415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the association between cognitive performances and the onset of psychiatric disorders has been widely investigated, limited research on the role of childhood trauma or early life stress (CT/ELS), and whether this role differs between clinical and non-clinical cohorts is available. This systematic review aims at filling this gap, testing whether the occurrence of CT/ELS and its subtypes are associated with cognitive domains (general cognitive ability, executive functions, working memory, attention, processing speed, verbal/visual memory) in patients with psychiatric disorders and in non-clinical populations. This study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment. The search was performed until May 2022. Seventy-four studies were classified as eligible. The graphical representations of the results reported an association between exposure to CT/ELS and worse general cognitive ability, verbal/visual memory, processing speed and attention in patients affected by anxiety, mood and psychotic disorders, and that specific CT/ELS subtypes (physical neglect, physical/sexual abuse) can differentially influence specific cognitive abilities (executive functions, attention, working memory, verbal/visual memory). In non-clinical cohorts we found associations between CT/ELS exposure and impairments in executive functions, processing speed and working memory, while physical neglect was related to general cognitive ability and working memory. Concerning the emotional abuse/neglect subtypes in both populations, the results indicated their involvement in cognitive functioning; however, the few studies conducted are not enough to reach definitive conclusions. These findings suggest an association of CT/ELS with specific cognitive deficits and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rosa
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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3
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Schneider K, Leinweber K, Jamalabadi H, Teutenberg L, Brosch K, Pfarr JK, Thomas-Odenthal F, Usemann P, Wroblewski A, Straube B, Alexander N, Nenadić I, Jansen A, Krug A, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, Nagels A, Stein F. Syntactic complexity and diversity of spontaneous speech production in schizophrenia spectrum and major depressive disorders. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 37248240 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Syntax, the grammatical structure of sentences, is a fundamental aspect of language. It remains debated whether reduced syntactic complexity is unique to schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) or whether it is also present in major depressive disorder (MDD). Furthermore, the association of syntax (including syntactic complexity and diversity) with language-related neuropsychology and psychopathological symptoms across disorders remains unclear. Thirty-four SSD patients and thirty-eight MDD patients diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR as well as forty healthy controls (HC) were included and tasked with describing four pictures from the Thematic Apperception Test. We analyzed the produced speech regarding its syntax delineating measures for syntactic complexity (the total number of main clauses embedding subordinate clauses) and diversity (number of different types of complex sentences). We performed cluster analysis to identify clusters based on syntax and investigated associations of syntactic, to language-related neuropsychological (verbal fluency and verbal episodic memory), and psychopathological measures (positive and negative formal thought disorder) using network analyses. Syntax in SSD was significantly reduced in comparison to MDD and HC, whereas the comparison of HC and MDD revealed no significant differences. No associations were present between speech measures and current medication, duration and severity of illness, age or sex; the single association accounted for was education. A cluster analysis resulted in four clusters with different degrees of syntax across diagnoses. Subjects with less syntax exhibited pronounced positive and negative symptoms and displayed poorer performance in executive functioning, global functioning, and verbal episodic memory. All cluster-based networks indicated varying degrees of domain-specific and cross-domain connections. Measures of syntactic complexity were closely related while syntactic diversity appeared to be a separate node outside of the syntactic network. Cross-domain associations were more salient in more complex syntactic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schneider
- Department of English and Linguistics, General Linguistics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katrin Leinweber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hamidreza Jamalabadi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Teutenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paula Usemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arne Nagels
- Department of English and Linguistics, General Linguistics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Hasse-Sousa M, Martins DS, Petry-Perin C, Britto MJSD, Remus IB, Lapa CDO, Reckziegel RDFX, Sales SCD, Jesus LSD, Philippsen M, Massuda R, Van Rheenen TE, Gama CS, Czepielewski LS. The role of semantic clustering in the relationship between verbal memory and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Possible distinct cognitive pathway compared to healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:330-339. [PMID: 36162669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbal memory (VM) is impaired in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), and predicts psychosocial functioning. However, there is a lack of research exploring the role of VM component processes, including semantic clustering, in these disorders. Semantic clustering might impact this association, as effective semantic memory strategies may reflect unimpaired executive control, leading to an adequate functioning. We aimed to investigate VM components in SZ and BD, and the role of semantic clustering in the relationship between VM and functioning. METHODS We included 495 participants (156 SZ, 172 BD, and 167 healthy controls (HC)) that underwent an assessment using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised for VM and the Functioning Assessment Short Test for psychosocial functioning. We compared groups through ANOVAs and investigated the effect of semantic clustering in the relationship between VM total immediate free recall and functioning through linear regression models. RESULTS SZ had worse overall VM performance compared to BD, which performed worse than HCs. HCs used more semantic clustering than SZ and BD, but there were no differences between the two clinical groups. In HCs, semantic clustering impacted the relationship between VM performance and functioning, while no interaction was observed in SZ or BD. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design; no medication effects or other cognitive functions were assessed. CONCLUSIONS SZ and BD may use an alternative cognitive pathway in which the relationship between VM and functioning is independent of complex cognitive processes such as semantic clustering, supporting the cognitive remediation targeting of VM in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hasse-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dayane Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Petry-Perin
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Silva de Britto
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora Bosini Remus
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clara de Oliveira Lapa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ramiro de Freitas Xavier Reckziegel
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sarah Corrêa de Sales
- Psychosis Treatment and Research Program, Department of Forensic Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Letícia Stephane de Jesus
- Psychosis Treatment and Research Program, Department of Forensic Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marielli Philippsen
- Psychosis Treatment and Research Program, Department of Forensic Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Raffael Massuda
- Psychosis Treatment and Research Program, Department of Forensic Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clarissa Severino Gama
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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5
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Martins DS, Hasse-Sousa M, Reckziegel RDFX, Lapa CDO, Petry-Perin C, Britto MJ, Remus IB, Gama CS, Czepielewski LS. A five-year follow-up of the verbal memory performance of individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: evidence of unchanging deficits under treatment. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:19-35. [PMID: 36254742 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2133694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are chronic and heterogeneous mental disorders that present cognitive and functional impairments. Verbal memory is considered an important predictor of functioning and a domain vulnerable to the aging process. However, only few studies investigate the progression of memory longitudinally in BD and SZ, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the course of verbal memory in individuals with BD and SZ. METHODS We assessed 31 individuals with BD and 27 individuals with SZ under treatment at outpatient clinics at baseline and after five years. They were assessed through a sociodemographic questionnaire, memory and estimated IQ (eIQ) instruments, and clinical scales. RESULTS Individuals with SZ showed worse verbal memory performance in comparison to BD, however, we did not observe changes over time within patient groups. Individuals with BD with higher eIQ showed a better verbal memory performance, while no effect of eIQ was found for subjects with SZ. CONCLUSION Patients with SZ and BD showed different levels of verbal memory impairment, although they had similar unchanging trajectories after 5 years under psychiatric treatment. This finding indicates a relative stable cognitive course for both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mathias Hasse-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ramiro de Freitas Xavier Reckziegel
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clara de Olivera Lapa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Petry-Perin
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Britto
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora Bosini Remus
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Severino Gama
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leticia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Chavez-Baldini U, Nieman DH, Keestra A, Lok A, Mocking RJT, de Koning P, Krzhizhanovskaya VV, Bockting CL, van Rooijen G, Smit DJA, Sutterland AL, Verweij KJH, van Wingen G, Wigman JT, Vulink NC, Denys D. The relationship between cognitive functioning and psychopathology in patients with psychiatric disorders: a transdiagnostic network analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:476-485. [PMID: 34165065 PMCID: PMC9899564 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychiatric disorders often experience cognitive dysfunction, but the precise relationship between cognitive deficits and psychopathology remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between domains of cognitive functioning and psychopathology in a transdiagnostic sample using a data-driven approach. METHODS Cross-sectional network analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between domains of psychopathology and cognitive functioning and detect clusters in the network. This naturalistic transdiagnostic sample consists of 1016 psychiatric patients who have a variety of psychiatric diagnoses, such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Psychopathology symptoms were assessed using various questionnaires. Core cognitive domains were assessed with a battery of automated tests. RESULTS Network analysis detected three clusters that we labelled: general psychopathology, substance use, and cognition. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, verbal memory, and visual attention were the most central nodes in the network. Most associations between cognitive functioning and symptoms were negative, i.e. increased symptom severity was associated with worse cognitive functioning. Cannabis use, (subclinical) psychotic experiences, and anhedonia had the strongest total negative relationships with cognitive variables. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive functioning and psychopathology are independent but related dimensions, which interact in a transdiagnostic manner. Depression, anxiety, verbal memory, and visual attention are especially relevant in this network and can be considered independent transdiagnostic targets for research and treatment in psychiatry. Moreover, future research on cognitive functioning in psychopathology should take a transdiagnostic approach, focusing on symptom-specific interactions with cognitive domains rather than investigating cognitive functioning within diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- UnYoung Chavez-Baldini
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien H. Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amos Keestra
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel J. T. Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pelle de Koning
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claudi L.H. Bockting
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geeske van Rooijen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. A. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen L. Sutterland
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin J. H. Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna T.W. Wigman
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, CC72, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke C. Vulink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Lima FM, Martinez-Aran A, Kapczinski F, Vieta E, Rosa AR, Kunz M, Czepielewski LS. Data-driven cognitive phenotypes in subjects with bipolar disorder and their clinical markers of severity. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1728-1735. [PMID: 33050962 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) show heterogeneous cognitive profile and that not necessarily the disease will lead to unfavorable clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify clinical markers of severity among cognitive clusters in individuals with BD through data-driven methods. METHODS We recruited 167 outpatients with BD and 100 unaffected volunteers from Brazil and Spain that underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Cognitive functions assessed were inhibitory control, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, working memory, short- and long-term verbal memory. We performed hierarchical cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis to determine and confirm cognitive clusters, respectively. Then, we used classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to determine clinical and sociodemographic variables of the previously defined cognitive clusters. RESULTS We identified three neuropsychological subgroups in individuals with BD: intact (35.3%), selectively impaired (34.7%), and severely impaired individuals (29.9%). The most important predictors of cognitive subgroups were years of education, the number of hospitalizations, and age, respectively. The model with CART algorithm showed sensitivity 45.8%, specificity 78.4%, balanced accuracy 62.1%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.61. Of 10 attributes included in the model, only three variables were able to separate cognitive clusters in BD individuals: years of education, number of hospitalizations, and age. CONCLUSION These results corroborate with recent findings of neuropsychological heterogeneity in BD, and suggest an overlapping between premorbid and morbid aspects that influence distinct cognitive courses of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavia Moreira Lima
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriane Ribeiro Rosa
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maurício Kunz
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leticia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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8
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Reckziegel R, Czepielewski LS, Hasse-Sousa M, Martins DS, de Britto MJ, Lapa CDO, Schwartzhaupt AW, Gama CS. Heterogeneous trajectories in schizophrenia: insights from neurodevelopment and neuroprogression models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 44:74-80. [PMID: 33886948 PMCID: PMC8827372 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The notion that schizophrenia is a neuroprogressive disorder is based on clinical perception of cumulative impairments over time and is supported by neuroimaging and biomarker research. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has indicated that schizophrenia first emerges as a neurodevelopmental disorder that could follow various pathways, some of them neuroprogressive. The objective of this review is to revisit basic research on cognitive processes and neuroimaging findings in a search for candidate keys to the intricate connections between neurodevelopment and neuroprogression in schizophrenia. In the complete panorama, schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, possibly associated with an additional burden over the course of the disease through pathologically accelerated aging, and cognitive heterogeneity may explain the different trajectories of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Reckziegel
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Czepielewski
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mathias Hasse-Sousa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dayane S Martins
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria J de Britto
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clara de O Lapa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre W Schwartzhaupt
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa S Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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9
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Distinct Associations of Cognitive Impairments and Reduced Gray Matter Volumes in Remitted Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8859388. [PMID: 33381163 PMCID: PMC7748913 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8859388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairments are documented in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) and may be related to gray matter volumes (GMVs). Thus, this study is aimed at exploring whether the association between cognitive impairments and GMV alterations is similar in patients with SZ and BD and understanding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Methods A total of 137 adult subjects (46 with SZ, 35 with BD, and 56 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC)) completed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We performed group comparisons of the cognitive impairments, the GMV alterations, and the association between them. Results Compared with HC, the patients with SZ and BD showed shared deficits in 4 cognitive domains (i.e., processing speed, working memory, problem solving, and social cognition) and the composite. SZ and BD had commonly decreased GMVs, mainly in the insula, superior temporal pole, amygdala, anterior cingulate, and frontal cortices (superior, middle, opercular inferior, and orbital frontal gyrus). No correlation between MCCB scores and GMVs was detected in SZ. However, for BD, working memory was relevant to the right hemisphere (i.e., right insula, amygdala, superior temporal pole, and medial and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus). Limitations. The major limitations were that not all patients were the first-episode status and no medication. Conclusions The association was mainly limited to the BD group. Thus, the underlying pathophysiology of the cognitive deficits, in terms of GMV alterations, may be diverse between two disorders.
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10
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Burdick KE, Millett CE, Russo M, Alda M, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Anand A, Balaraman Y, Berrettini W, Bertram H, Calabrese JR, Calkin C, Conroy C, Coryell W, DeModena A, Feeder S, Fisher C, Frazier N, Frye M, Gao K, Garnham J, Gershon ES, Glazer K, Goes FS, Goto T, Harrington GJ, Jakobsen P, Kamali M, Kelly M, Leckband S, Løberg EM, Lohoff FW, Maihofer AX, McCarthy MJ, McInnis M, Morken G, Nievergelt CM, Nurnberger J, Oedegaard KJ, Ortiz A, Ritchey M, Ryan K, Schinagle M, Schwebel C, Shaw M, Shilling P, Slaney C, Stapp E, Tarwater B, Zandi P, Kelsoe JR. The association between lithium use and neurocognitive performance in patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1743-1749. [PMID: 32349118 PMCID: PMC7419515 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lithium remains the gold standard for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD); however, its use has declined over the years mainly due to the side effects and the subjective experience of cognitive numbness reported by patients. In the present study, we aim to methodically test the effects of lithium on neurocognitive functioning in the largest single cohort (n = 262) of BD patients reported to date by harnessing the power of a multi-site, ongoing clinical trial of lithium monotherapy. At the cross-sectional level, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to examine potential group differences across neurocognitive tests [California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT trials 1-5,CVLT delayed recall), Wechsler Digit Symbol, Trail-making Test parts A and B (TMT-A; TMT-B), and a global cognition index]. At the longitudinal level, on a subset of patients (n = 88) who achieved mood stabilization with lithium monotherapy, we explored the effect of lithium treatment across time on neurocognitive functioning. There were no differences at baseline between BD patients that were taking lithium compared with those that were not. At follow-up a significant neurocognitive improvement in the global cognitive index score [F = 31.69; p < 0.001], CVLT trials 1-5 [F = 29.81; p < 0.001], CVLT delayed recall [F = 15.27; p < 0.001], and TMT-B [F = 6.64, p = 0.012] was detected. The cross-sectional and longitudinal (on a subset of 88 patients) investigations suggest that lithium may be beneficial to neurocognitive functioning in patients with BD and that at the very least it does not seem to significantly impair cognition when used therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Burdick
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,James J Peters Veteran Administration (VA) Hospital, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Caitlin E. Millett
- grid.62560.370000 0004 0378 8294Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Manuela Russo
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Alda
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | | | - Amit Anand
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Yokesh Balaraman
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Wade Berrettini
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Holli Bertram
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Joseph R. Calabrese
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Cynthia Calkin
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | - Carla Conroy
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - William Coryell
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Anna DeModena
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Scott Feeder
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Carrie Fisher
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Nicole Frazier
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Mark Frye
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Keming Gao
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Julie Garnham
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | - Elliot S. Gershon
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Kara Glazer
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Toyomi Goto
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | | | - Petter Jakobsen
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Masoud Kamali
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Marisa Kelly
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Susan Leckband
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Else Marie Løberg
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Adam X. Maihofer
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Michael J. McCarthy
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Gunnar Morken
- grid.412835.90000 0004 0627 2891Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - John Nurnberger
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Ketil J. Oedegaard
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Abigail Ortiz
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Megan Ritchey
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kelly Ryan
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Martha Schinagle
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Candice Schwebel
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Martha Shaw
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Paul Shilling
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Claire Slaney
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2 Canada
| | - Emma Stapp
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Bruce Tarwater
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John R. Kelsoe
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
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11
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Duan X, He C, Ou J, Wang R, Xiao J, Li L, Wu R, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Chen H. Reduced Hippocampal Volume and Its Relationship With Verbal Memory and Negative Symptoms in Treatment-Naive First-Episode Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:64-74. [PMID: 32691057 PMCID: PMC7825026 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating neuroimaging evidence has shown remarkable volume reductions in the hippocampi of patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationship among hippocampal morphometry, clinical symptoms, and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia is still unclear. In this study, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 36 patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS, age range: 13-18 years) and 30 age-, gender-, and education-matched typically developing controls (TDCs). Hippocampal volume was assessed automatically through volumetric segmentation and measurement. After adjusting for total intracranial volume, we found reduced hippocampal volume in individuals with AOS compared with TDCs, and the hippocampal volume was positively correlated with verbal memory and negatively correlated with negative symptoms in AOS. In addition, mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of hippocampal volume on negative symptoms via verbal memory impairment. When the negative symptoms were represented by 2 dimensions of deficits in emotional expression (EXP) and deficits in motivation and pleasure (MAP), the indirect effect was significant for EXP but not for MAP. Our findings provide further evidence of hippocampal volume reduction in AOS and highlight verbal memory impairment as a mediator to influence the relationship between hippocampal morphometry and negative symptoms, especially the EXP dimension of negative symptoms, in individuals with AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Duan
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Changchun He
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Runshi Wang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jinming Xiao
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China; tel: 028-83208238, fax: 86-28-83208238, e-mail:
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12
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Using network analysis to explore cognitive domains in patients with unipolar versus bipolar depression: a prospective naturalistic study. CNS Spectr 2020; 25:380-391. [PMID: 31060642 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852919000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite growing evidence in the field of cognitive function in mood disorders, the neurocognitive profiles of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression still need further characterization. In this study, we applied network analysis, hypothesizing this approach could highlight differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) from a cognitive perspective. METHODS The cognitive performance of 109 patients (72 unipolar and 37 bipolar depressed outpatients) was assessed through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and a series of clinical variables were collected. Differences in cognitive performance between MDD and BD patients were tested using non-parametric tests. Moreover, a network graph representing MoCA domains as nodes and Spearman's rho correlation coefficients between the domains as edges was constructed for each group. RESULTS The presence of mild cognitive impairment was observed in both MDD and BD patients during depression. No statistical significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of overall cognitive performance and across single domains. Nonetheless, network analytic metrics demonstrated different roles of memory and executive dysfunction in MDD versus BD patients: in particular, MDD network was more densely interconnected than BD network, and memory was the node with the highest betweenness and closeness centrality in MDD, while executive function was more central in BD. CONCLUSIONS From a network analytic perspective, memory impairment displays a central role in the cognitive impairment of patients with unipolar depression, whereas executive dysfunction appears to be more central in bipolar depression. Further research is warranted to confirm our results.
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13
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A clinical staging model for bipolar disorder: longitudinal approach. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:45. [PMID: 32066710 PMCID: PMC7026435 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been identified as a life-course illness with different clinical manifestations from an at-risk to a late stage, supporting the assumption that it would benefit from a staging model. In a previous study, we used a clustering approach to stratify 224 patients with a diagnosis of BD into five clusters based on clinical characteristics, functioning, cognition, general health, and health-related quality of life. This study was design to test the construct validity of our previously developed k-means clustering model and to confirm its longitudinal validity over a span of 3 years. Of the 224 patients included at baseline who were used to develop our model, 129 (57.6%) reached the 3-year follow-up. All life domains except mental health-related quality of life (QoL) showed significant worsening in stages (p < 0.001), suggesting construct validity. Furthermore, as patients progressed through stages, functional decline (p < 0.001) and more complex treatment patterns (p = 0.002) were observed. As expected, at 3 years, the majority of patients remained at the same stage (49.6%), or progressed (20.9%) or regressed (23.3%) one stage. Furthermore, 85% of patients who stayed euthymic during that period remained at the same stage or regressed to previous stages, supporting its longitudinal validity. For that reason, this study provides evidence of the construct and longitudinal validity of an empirically developed, comprehensive staging model for patients with BD. Thus, it may help clinicians and researchers to better understand the disorder and, at the same time, to design more accurate and personalized treatment plans.
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14
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Tatay-Manteiga A, Cauli O, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Michalak EE, Kapczinski F, Balanzá-Martínez V. Subjective neurocognition and quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder and siblings. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:283-288. [PMID: 30419528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant neurocognitive and functional impairment, which may progress across stages. However, the potential progression of subjective cognitive complaints and quality of life (QoL) has not been addressed. Our main objective was to assess subjective cognitive complaints and QoL on euthymic patients with BD and their healthy siblings. METHODS Four groups were compared: euthymic patients with type I BD in the early (n = 25) and late (n = 23) stages, their healthy siblings (latent stage; n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 21). Cognitive complaints and QoL were assessed using the COBRA and WHO-QoLBREF questionnaires, respectively. RESULTS Late-stage patients had greater number of subjective cognitive complaints and reported a worse QoL compared to the other groups. Early-stage patients also had more cognitive complaints than controls and siblings, although differences were not significant. Siblings and controls reported similar QoL. LIMITATIONS the most important limitation of this study is the criterion used to define the early and late stages of BD, as currently there is no consensus and previous studies have used different criteria. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine subjective cognition and QoL in patients with BD and siblings. Our results raise the possibility that burden of cognitive complaints increase with disorder progression, in tandem with deterioration in subjective QoL. That would support a clinical staging model of BD. This hypothesis remains to be confirmed by a longitudinal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Erin E Michalak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- McMaster's Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Kelly S, Guimond S, Lyall A, Stone WS, Shenton ME, Keshavan M, Seidman LJ. Neural correlates of cognitive deficits across developmental phases of schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 131:104353. [PMID: 30582983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with cognitive deficits across all stages of the illness (i.e., high risk, first episode, early and chronic phases). Identifying the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of these deficits is an important area of scientific inquiry. Here, we selectively review evidence regarding the pattern of deficits across the developmental trajectory of schizophrenia using the five cognitive domains identified by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. We also report associated findings from neuroimaging studies. We suggest that most cognitive domains are affected across the developmental trajectory, with corresponding brain structural and/or functional differences. The idea of a common mechanism driving these deficits is discussed, along with implications for cognitive treatment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Kelly
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Sartori JM, Reckziegel R, Passos IC, Czepielewski LS, Fijtman A, Sodré LA, Massuda R, Goi PD, Vianna-Sulzbach M, Cardoso TDA, Kapczinski F, Mwangi B, Gama CS. Volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging predicts functioning in bipolar disorder: A machine learning approach. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:237-243. [PMID: 29894922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have been steadily explored in Bipolar Disorder (BD) in the last decades. Neuroanatomical changes tend to be more pronounced in patients with repeated episodes. Although the role of such changes in cognition and memory is well established, daily-life functioning impairments bulge among the consequences of the proposed progression. The objective of this study was to analyze MRI volumetric modifications in BD and healthy controls (HC) as possible predictors of daily-life functioning through a machine learning approach. Ninety-four participants (35 DSM-IV BD type I and 59 HC) underwent clinical and functioning assessments, and structural MRI. Functioning was assessed using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). The machine learning analysis was used to identify possible candidates of regional brain volumes that could predict functioning status, through a support vector regression algorithm. Patients with BD and HC did not differ in age, education and marital status. There were significant differences between groups in gender, BMI, FAST score, and employment status. There was significant correlation between observed and predicted FAST score for patients with BD, but not for controls. According to the model, the brain structures volumes that could predict FAST scores were: left superior frontal cortex, left rostral medial frontal cortex, right white matter total volume and right lateral ventricle volume. The machine learning approach demonstrated that brain volume changes in MRI were predictors of FAST score in patients with BD and could identify specific brain areas related to functioning impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Sartori
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Reckziegel
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Czepielewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adam Fijtman
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Sodré
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raffael Massuda
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Padre Camargo, 280 - 6º andar, 80060-240, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Pedro D Goi
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Miréia Vianna-Sulzbach
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, West 5th Campus, Administration - B3, 100 West 5th, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Clarissa S Gama
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Avenida Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400 - 2° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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17
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Gallo FT, Katche C, Morici JF, Medina JH, Weisstaub NV. Immediate Early Genes, Memory and Psychiatric Disorders: Focus on c-Fos, Egr1 and Arc. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:79. [PMID: 29755331 PMCID: PMC5932360 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many psychiatric disorders, despite their specific characteristics, share deficits in the cognitive domain including executive functions, emotional control and memory. However, memory deficits have been in many cases undervalued compared with other characteristics. The expression of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) such as, c-fos, Egr1 and arc are selectively and promptly upregulated in learning and memory among neuronal subpopulations in regions associated with these processes. Changes in expression in these genes have been observed in recognition, working and fear related memories across the brain. Despite the enormous amount of data supporting changes in their expression during learning and memory and the importance of those cognitive processes in psychiatric conditions, there are very few studies analyzing the direct implication of the IEGs in mental illnesses. In this review, we discuss the role of some of the most relevant IEGs in relation with memory processes affected in psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco T Gallo
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Katche
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN) Dr. Eduardo de Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan F Morici
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN) Dr. Eduardo de Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia V Weisstaub
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Guimond S, Béland S, Lepage M. Strategy for Semantic Association Memory (SESAME) training: Effects on brain functioning in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 271:50-58. [PMID: 29102504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-initiation of semantic encoding strategies is impoverished in schizophrenia and contributes to memory impairments. Recently, we observed that following a brief training, schizophrenia patients had the potential to increase the self-initiation of these strategies. In this study, we investigated the neural correlates underlying such memory improvements. Fifteen schizophrenia patients with deficits in self-initiation of semantic encoding strategies were enrolled in a Strategy for Semantic Association Memory (SESAME) training. Patients underwent a memory task in an fMRI scanner. Memory performance and brain activity during the task were measured pre- and post- training, and changes following training were assessed. We also investigated if structural preservation measured by the cortical thickness of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) predicted memory improvement post-training. Memory training led to significant improvements in memory performance that were associated with increased activity in the left DLPFC, during a task in which patients needed to self-initiate semantic encoding strategies. Furthermore, patients with more cortical reserve in their left DLPFC showed greater memory improvement. Our findings provide evidence of neural malleability in the left DLPFC in schizophrenia using cognitive strategies training. Moreover, the brain-behavioural changes observed in schizophrenia provide hope that memory performance can be improved with a brief intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia Guimond
- Department of psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada; Department of psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sophie Béland
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada; Department of psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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19
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Tatay-Manteiga A, Correa-Ghisays P, Cauli O, Kapczinski FP, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Balanzá-Martínez V. Staging, Neurocognition and Social Functioning in Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:709. [PMID: 30618879 PMCID: PMC6305735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant neurocognitive and functional impairment, which may progress across stages. The 'latent stage' of BD remains understudied. This cross-sectional study assessed staging, neurocognition and social functioning among BD patients and their healthy siblings. Methods: Four groups were included: euthymic type I BD patients in the early (n = 25) and late (n = 23) stages, their healthy siblings (latent stage; n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 21). All 92 subjects underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery of processing speed, verbal learning/memory, visual memory, working memory, verbal fluency, executive cognition, and motor speed. Social functioning was assessed using the FAST scale. Results: Siblings' social functioning was identical to that of controls, and significantly better than both early- (p < 0.005) and late- (p < 0.001) stage patients. Although all patients were strictly euthymic, those at late stages had a significantly worse social functioning than early-stage patients (p < 0.001). Compared to controls, increasingly greater neurocognitive dysfunction was observed across stages of BD (F = 1.59; p = 0.005). Healthy siblings' performance lied between those of controls and patients, with deficits in tasks of processing speed, executive attention, verbal memory/learning, and visual memory. Both early- and late-stage patients had a more severe and widespread dysfunction than siblings, with no significant differences between them. Conclusions: Genetic vulnerability to BD-I seems to be associated with neurocognitive impairments, whereas social dysfunction would be the result of the clinical phenotype. Staging models of BD should take into account these divergent findings in the latent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Tatay-Manteiga
- Department of Psychiatry, General University Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Correa-Ghisays
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Flavio P Kapczinski
- McMaster's Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Catarroja Mental Health Unit, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Changes in Tryptophan Catabolite (TRYCAT) Pathway Patterning Are Associated with Mild Impairments in Declarative Memory in Schizophrenia and Deficits in Semantic and Episodic Memory Coupled with Increased False-Memory Creation in Deficit Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5184-5201. [PMID: 28875464 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that schizophrenia and in particular negative symptoms and deficit schizophrenia are accompanied by neurocognitive impairments and changes in the patterning of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. This cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the associations between cognitive functions (as measured with Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD)) and TRYCAT pathway patterning in patients with (n = 40) and without (n = 40) deficit schizophrenia and normal controls (n = 40). Cognitive measures were assessed with the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Word List Memory (WLM), Constructional Praxis, Word List Recall (WLRecall), and Word List Recognition (WLRecognition), while TRYCAT measurements assessed the IgA/IgM responses to noxious TRYCATs, namely quinolinic acid (QA), 3-OH-kynurenine (3HK), picolinic acid (PA), and xanthurenic (XA) acid, and more protective (PRO) TRYCATs, including kynurenic acid (KA) and anthranilic acid (AA). IgA NOX/PRO, IgM KA/3HK, and IgA/IgM NOX/PRO ratios were computed. Schizophrenia was accompanied by lower VFT and WLM, while BNT (dysnomia) and MMSE are significantly lower in multiple- than first-episode schizophrenia. Deficit schizophrenia is strongly associated with worse outcomes on VFT, MMSE, WLM, WLRecall, WLRecognition, and delayed recall savings and increased false memories. Around 40-50% of the variance in negative symptoms' scores was explained by VFT, WLM, WLRecall, and MMSE. Increases in IgA NOX/PRO, IgM KA/3HK, and/or IgA/IgM NOX/PRO ratios were associated with impairments in VFT, BNT, MMSE, WLM, WLRecall, WLRecognition, and false-memory creation. In conclusion, nondeficit schizophrenia is accompanied by mild memory impairments, while disease progression is accompanied by broader cognitive impairments. Deficit schizophrenia and negative symptoms are strongly associated with deficits in working memory, delayed recall and recognition, and increased false-memory creation. These cognitive impairments and memory deficits are in part explained by increased production and/or attenuated regulation of TRYCATs with neurotoxic, excitotoxic, immune-inflammatory, oxidative, and nitrosative potential, which may contribute to neuroprogression.
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21
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Passos IC, Mwangi B, Vieta E, Berk M, Kapczinski F. Areas of controversy in neuroprogression in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:91-103. [PMID: 27097559 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to review clinical features and biological underpinnings related to neuroprogression in bipolar disorder (BD). Also, we discussed areas of controversy and future research in the field. METHOD We systematically reviewed the extant literature pertaining to neuroprogression and BD by searching PubMed and EMBASE for articles published up to March 2016. RESULTS A total of 114 studies were included. Neuroimaging and clinical evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies show that a subset of patients with BD presents a neuroprogressive course with brain changes and unfavorable outcomes. Risk factors associated with these unfavorable outcomes are number of mood episodes, early trauma, and psychiatric and clinical comorbidity. CONCLUSION Illness trajectories are largely variable, and illness progression is not a general rule in BD. The number of manic episodes seems to be the clinical marker more robustly associated with neuroprogression in BD. However, the majority of the evidence came from cross-sectional studies that are prone to bias. Longitudinal studies may help to identify signatures of neuroprogression and integrate findings from the field of neuroimaging, neurocognition, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Passos
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - B Mwangi
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Agustí Pi Sunyer, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and the Centre for Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - F Kapczinski
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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Low compliance to pharmacological treatment is linked to cognitive impairment in euthymic phase of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 195:215-20. [PMID: 26897294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment and low compliance to pharmacological treatment are frequent complications in bipolar disorder. Moreover, low compliance in patients with bipolar disorder is one of the main reasons for relapse. This in turn, is associated with an increase in neurocognitive symptoms. The current study aimed to determine whether attention, memory, and executive function are related to the level of compliance to pharmacological treatment in individuals with bipolar disorder in euthymic phase. METHOD We examined 34 patients with bipolar disorder (12 with low compliance to the treatment and 22 with high compliance to the treatment) according to the DSM-IV criteria, in the range of 18-55 years. All patients were assessed through a neuropsychological battery in one single session. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare neuropsychological test scores between low and high compliance patients. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were included as covariates in the study. RESULTS Patients with low level of compliance performed significantly worse than high treatment compliance on verbal memory immediate free recall (F (1)=12.14, p=.002), verbal memory immediate cued recall (F (1)=10.45, p=.003), verbal memory delayed free recall (F (1)=5.52, p=.027), and verbal memory delayed cued recall (F (1)=6.11, p=.021). Covariates such as number of manic episodes, history of psychosis and years of education were found significant for executive functions and processing speed. CONCLUSION We found that low compliance to pharmacological treatment is consistently linked to immediate and delayed verbal memory. In addition, executive function and processing speed were associated with clinical and demographic characteristics. Limitations of this study include the small sample size, a cross-sectional design that cannot address causality, and inability to account for pharmacologic effects.
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23
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Duarte JA, de Araújo e Silva JQ, Goldani AA, Massuda R, Gama CS. Neurobiological underpinnings of bipolar disorder focusing on findings of diffusion tensor imaging: a systematic review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2016; 38:167-75. [PMID: 27007148 PMCID: PMC7111360 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the available data on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), with a particular focus on fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter (WM) tracts. METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for relevant articles, which were included in a systematic review of the literature. FA reductions and WM abnormalities were divided anatomically into three groups: commissural tracts, association tracts, and projection tracts. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The corpus callosum was the main impaired commissural tract as demonstrated by FA reductions. Five studies reported FA reductions in the cingulum. Two studies reported decreased FA in the anterior thalamic radiation, and one in the corticospinal tract. Conversely, three studies found increased FA values in WM tracts involved in BD pathophysiology. CONCLUSION Despite considerable heterogeneity, these results indicate a direct link between executive cognitive functioning and abnormal WM microstructural integrity of fronto-limbic tracts in patients with remitted BD, providing further evidence of the neuronal disruption that underlies BD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Duarte
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Radiologia e Ressonância Magnética, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Tomoclínica, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - André A. Goldani
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raffael Massuda
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Clarissa S. Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Medicina Translacional (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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24
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Cardoso T, Bauer IE, Meyer TD, Kapczinski F, Soares JC. Neuroprogression and Cognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17:75. [PMID: 26257147 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-015-0605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with impairments in a range of cognitive domains including attention, verbal learning, and mental flexibility. These deficits are increased during the acute phases of the illness and worsen over the course of BD. This review will examine the literature in relation to potential mechanisms associated with cognitive decline in BD. Scopus (all databases), Pubmed, and Ovid Medline were systematically searched with no language or year restrictions, up to January 2015, for human studies that collected cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive data in adults with BD and matched healthy controls (HC). Selected search terms were "bipolar," "cognitive," "aging," "illness duration," "onset," and "progression." Thirty-nine studies satisfied the criteria for consideration. There is evidence that cognitive function in BD is negatively associated with features of illness progression such as number of mood episodes, illness duration, and hospitalizations. Aging does not appear to affect cognitive functioning to a greater extent than in HC. Furthermore, the small number of longitudinal studies in this field does not allow to reaching firm conclusion in terms of which sub-populations would be more prone to cognitive decline in BD. The decline in cognitive abilities over the course of the BD seems to be associated with the number of episodes and number of hospitalizations. No meaningful interaction of age and bipolar disorder has been found in terms of cognitive decline. Future large-scale longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm these findings and assist in the development of preventive interventions in vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiane Cardoso
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E. Cognition as a target in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:151-7. [PMID: 25661911 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Tsitsipa E, Fountoulakis KN. The neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of data. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2015; 14:42. [PMID: 26628905 PMCID: PMC4666163 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-015-0081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decades, there have been many different opinions concerning the neurocognitive function in Bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review of the literature and to synthesize the data in a comprehensive picture of the neurocognitive dysfunction in BD. METHODS Papers were located with searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, through June 1st 2015. The review followed a modified version of the recommendations of the Preferred Items for Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. RESULTS The initial search returned 110,403 papers. After the deletion of duplicates, 11,771 papers remained for further evaluation. Eventually, 250 were included in the analysis. CONCLUSION The current review supports the presence of a neurocognitive deficit in BD, in almost all neurocognitive domains. This deficit is qualitative similar to that observed in schizophrenia but it is less severe. There are no differences between BD subtypes. Its origin is unclear. It seems it is an enduring component and represents a core primary characteristic of the illness, rather than being secondary to the mood state or medication. This core deficit is confounded (either increased or attenuated) by the disease phase, specific personal characteristics of the patients (age, gender, education, etc.), current symptomatology and its treatment (especially psychotic features) and long-term course and long-term exposure to medication, psychiatric and somatic comorbidity and alcohol and/or substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- Division of Neurosciences, 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 6, Odysseos street (1st Parodos, Ampelonon str.) 55536 Pournari Pylaia, Thessaloniki, Greece
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