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Yilbas B, Ozturk HI, Karadeniz PG. The relationship of chronotypes with food addiction, impulsivity, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a sample of undergraduate university students. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1389-1398. [PMID: 35938448 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of the current study was to examine the frequency of food addiction in a group of university students and whether it differed among chronotypes. The second aim was to investigate the relationship of chronotypes with impulsivity, poor sleep quality and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and to evaluate how this relationship affects food addiction. 328 university students were included in the study. Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 Short Form (BIS-11-SF), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered. Evening types scored significantly higher on ASRS and BIS-11 SF (p < .001, p < .001 respectively). Based on YFAS scores, 12.5% (n = 41) of the participants met the criteria for food addiction. The number of participants fulfilling the criteria for food addiction was higher among the evening types compared to intermediate and morning types (p = .006, p = .004, respectively). The mean ASRS and BIS-11 SF scores of the students who met the criteria for food addiction were significantly greater than those who did not (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). 63.4% (n = 26) of the students meeting the criteria for food addiction scored 6 or higher on PSQI versus 32.0% (n = 92) of the students who did not (p < .001). Mediation analysis showed that the direct effect of MEQ scores on food addiction was not significant (β = -0.009, p = .723). However, lower MEQ scores had an indirect effect on food addiction through higher ASRS scores (β = -0.027; p < .05 bias corrected and accelerated 95% CI -0.052 to -0.011). The results of the present study suggest that higher prevalence of food addiction among evening types seems to be related to higher occurrence of ADHD symptoms in these chronotypes. Further population-based studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Yilbas
- Department of Psychiatry, SANKO University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ozturk
- Department of Psychiatry, SANKO University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
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2
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Sisakhti M, Shafaghi L, Batouli SAH. The Volumetric Changes of the Pineal Gland with Age: An Atlas-based Structural Analysis. Exp Aging Res 2022; 48:474-504. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2033593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Sisakhti
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Shafaghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Computational Cognition, Humanlab Technologies, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Turovskaya N. Features of Cognitive and Emotional Sphere of a Teenager with Epiphysis Pathology and Concomitant Speech Disorder: An Analysis of a Single Case. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2022. [DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
<p style="text-align: justify;">The study of the features of cognitive impairments in various cerebral organic pathologies allows us to understand the role of individual structures of the brain in the implementation of mental activity and determine the appropriate ways of providing psychological assistance to patients. In a situation of rare pathology, the analysis of individual clinical cases is useful. The aim of this research was to study the state of cognitive functions in a 13-year-old male teenager with a cystic restructuring of the pineal gland and concomitant undifferentiated impairment of expressive speech. Changes in the epiphysis were detected in the patient in less than a month before this psychological study. During the examination, methods of pathopsychological and neuropsychological diagnostics, and projective graphic tests were used. In the course of neuropsychological research on a teenager, a violation of the ability to compose a syllabic kinetic scheme of utterance and, in general, a lack of dynamic and kinesthetic praxis, as well as interhemispheric interaction and auditory-speech memory were revealed. The main ways of providing psychological assistance to the patient were identified: neuropsychological correction aimed at restoring impaired speech function based on preserved higher mental functions, and restoration of the communicative function of speech. The obtained results of psychological research require further understanding and verification, primarily in order to understand the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders in the situation of cystic pineal gland rearrangement.</p>
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4
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Sciberras E. Sleep in Individuals with ADHD: Prevalence, Impacts, Causes, and Treatments. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:199-220. [PMID: 35419765 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are common in children and adolescents with ADHD. This chapter covers the basics of sleep and the prevalence and types of sleep problems experienced by children and adolescents with ADHD. The impacts of sleep problems on the day-to-day lives of children with ADHD and their families are covered including impacts on child daily functioning and cognition, as well as family well-being. There is no one cause of sleep problems in children with ADHD with both biological and environmental factors implicated. There are a small number of randomized controlled trials that support the efficacy of treating sleep problems in children with ADHD using behavioral strategies. A small number of studies also have found improvements in sleep onset delay in children with ADHD following treatment with melatonin. Little is known about how to best support adolescents and adults with ADHD with sleep, although a small emerging literature largely in adults with ADHD suggests that bright light therapies could potentially be helpful given the extent of circadian involvement in the sleep problems experienced by individuals with ADHD. This chapter ends with consideration of future research directions largely related to approaches to supporting individuals with ADHD and sleep difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sciberras
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Health Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation and Restoration: The Role of Melatonin. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103480. [PMID: 34684482 PMCID: PMC8538349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential component of overall human health but is so tightly regulated that when disrupted can cause or worsen certain ailments. An important part of this process is the presence of the well-known hormone, melatonin. This compound assists in the governing of sleep and circadian rhythms. Previous studies have postulated that dysregulation of melatonin rhythms is the driving force behind sleep and circadian disorders. A computer-aided search spanning the years of 2015–2020 using the search terms melatonin, circadian rhythm, disorder yielded 52 full text articles that were analyzed. We explored the mechanisms behind melatonin dysregulation and how it affects various disorders. Additionally, we examined associated therapeutic treatments including bright light therapy (BLT) and exogenous forms of melatonin. We found that over the past 5 years, melatonin has not been widely investigated in clinical studies thus there remains large gaps in its potential utilization as a therapy.
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Razavi F, Raminfard S, Kalantar Hormozi H, Sisakhti M, Batouli SAH. A Probabilistic Atlas of the Pineal Gland in the Standard Space. Front Neuroinform 2021; 15:554229. [PMID: 34079447 PMCID: PMC8165226 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2021.554229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineal gland (PG) is a structure located in the midline of the brain, and is considered as a main part of the epithalamus. There are numerous reports on the facilitatory role of this area for brain function; hormone secretion and its role in sleep cycle are the major reports. However, reports are rarely available on the direct role of this structure in brain cognition and in information processing. A suggestion for the limited number of such studies is the lack of a standard atlas for the PG; none of the available MRI templates and atlases has provided parcellations for this structure. In this study, we used the three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted MRI data of 152 healthy young volunteers, and provided a probabilistic map of the PG in the standard Montreal Neurologic Institute (MNI) space. The methods included collecting the data using a 64-channel head coil on a 3-Tesla Prisma MRI Scanner, manual delineation of the PG by two experts, and robust template and atlas construction algorithms. This atlas is freely accessible, and we hope importing this atlas in the well-known neuroimaging software packages would help to identify other probable roles of the PG in brain function. It could also be used to study pineal cysts, for volumetric analyses, and to test any associations between the cognitive abilities of the human and the structure of the PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Razavi
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Raminfard
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Kalantar Hormozi
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Sisakhti
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lugo J, Fadeuilhe C, Gisbert L, Setien I, Delgado M, Corrales M, Richarte V, Ramos-Quiroga JA. Sleep in adults with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 38:1-24. [PMID: 32712061 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep-related problems have been frequently reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, with special emphasis in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The aim of the present study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on sleep disturbances in adults with ASD and/or ADHD (PROSPERO's CRD42019132916). PubMed and PsycINFO were searched for studies reporting data on sleep objective/subjective measures, as well as prevalence data of sleep disorders, in adults with ASD and/or ADHD. A manual search was conducted throughout reference lists of eligible studies. A total of 1126 studies and 66 references were identified by electronic and manual searches, respectively. Of these, 42 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that both disorders share a similar sleep-impaired profile with higher sleep onset latency, poorer sleep efficiency, greater number of awakenings during sleep, and a general lower self-perceived sleep quality compared with healthy controls. A higher proportion of N1 sleep was found in ASD participants, while a greater Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep is specific in ADHD adults. More studies are needed, especially those directly comparing ASD and ADHD participants. Controlling for medication, intellectual disability, and concurrent psychiatric disorders is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lugo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Christian Fadeuilhe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Gisbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Imanol Setien
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Delgado
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corrales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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COŞKUN F, TAMAM L, DEMİRKOL ME. Erişkin Tip Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu’nda Kronotip ve Klinik Özellikler. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.755717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Korman M, Palm D, Uzoni A, Faltraco F, Tucha O, Thome J, Coogan AN. ADHD 24/7: Circadian clock genes, chronotherapy and sleep/wake cycle insufficiencies in ADHD. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:156-171. [PMID: 30234417 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1523565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The current paper addresses the evidence for circadian clock characteristics associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and possible therapeutic approaches based on chronomodulation through bright light (BL) therapy.Methods: We review the data reported in ADHD on genetic risk factors for phase-delayed circadian rhythms and on the role of photic input in circadian re-alignment.Results: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in circadian genes were recently associated with core ADHD symptoms, increased evening-orientation and frequent sleep problems. Additionally, alterations in exposure and response to photic input may underlie circadian problems in ADHD. BL therapy was shown to be effective for re-alignment of circadian physiology toward morningness, reducing sleep disturbances and bringing overall improvement in ADHD symptoms. The susceptibility of the circadian system to phase shift by timed BL exposure may have broad cost-effective potential implications for the treatment of ADHD.Conclusions: We conclude that further research of circadian function in ADHD should focus on detection of genetic markers (e.g., using human skin fibroblasts) and development of BL-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korman
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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10
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Zhao W, Zhu DM, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Yang Y, Bai Y, Zhu J, Yu Y. Pineal gland abnormality in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 289:13-17. [PMID: 31121531 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often have circadian rhythm alteration and sleep disturbance. The pineal gland regulates the circadian rhythm and sleep by the secretion of melatonin neurohormone. However, the relationship between pineal abnormality and MDD remains elusive. 50 patients with MDD and 35 gender- and age-matched healthy controls underwent high-resolution structural MRI. Pineal parenchymal volume (PPV) was measured manually. Inter-group differences in prevalence of pineal cyst and PPV were examined. In addition, we investigated the correlations between PPV and symptom severity as well as sleep variables in the patient group. Compared to healthy controls, patients with MDD had a higher prevalence of pineal cyst. Moreover, patients had significantly decreased PPV relative to controls. However, no significant correlations were observed between PPV and symptom severity as well as sleep variables. Our findings suggest that pineal abnormality may play a critical role in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dao-Min Zhu
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ya Bai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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11
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Frölich J, Wiater A, Lehmkuhl G. Melatonin in der Behandlung neuropsychiatrischer Störungsbilder im Kindes- und Jugendalter. SOMNOLOGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-019-0208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Korman M, Levy I, Maaravi-Hesseg R, Eshed-Mantel A, Karni A. Subclinical Scores in Self-Report Based Screening Tools for Attention Deficits Correlate With Cognitive Traits in Typical Evening-Type Adults Tested in the Morning. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1397. [PMID: 31275209 PMCID: PMC6591277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that in adolescents and young adults, evening chronotype is a subclinical factor in physical, cognitive, and psychiatric fitness; poor sleep habits and larger misalignment with the social schedule constraints may exacerbate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and the risks for detrimental behaviors. The influence of chronotype on neurocognitive performance during morning hours and scores in self-reports about attention deficit symptoms (ADS) and executive functioning, was explored in 42 healthy young university students (29 women), divided to evening type (ET) and combined morning/intermediate type (MT/IT) groups. Evening chronotypes scored significantly higher in the questionnaires of inattention Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-6) (MT/IT: 1.62 ± 1.59; ET: 2.71 ± 1.62, p < 0.05) and day-time sleepiness Epworth scale (MT/IT: 7.19 ± 5.17; ET: 11.48 ± 5.26, p < 0.01), reported lower subjective alertness (MT/IT: 63.02 ± 21.40; ET: 40.76 ± 17.43, p < 0.001), and had slower reaction times (MT/IT: 321.47 ± 76.81; ET: 358.94 ± 75.16, p < 0.05) during tests, compared to non-evening chronotypes. Nevertheless, ETs did not significantly differ in self-reports of executive functioning in the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-A (BRIEF-A) from non-ETs. The scores on standard self-report screening tools for ADS and executive functioning (ASRS-6, BRIEF-A-Metacognition) correlated with eveningness. We conclude that eveningness, subjective sleepiness and low arousal levels during morning can present as subclinical Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in typical young adults with no evident sleep problems. Self-report based screening tools for ADS and executive functioning reflect chronotype-related traits in healthy young adults. Strong eveningness may bias the results of neurocognitive performance screening for ADHD when administered at morning hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korman
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ishay Levy
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Laboratory for Human Brain and Learning, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rinatia Maaravi-Hesseg
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Laboratory for Human Brain and Learning, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Eshed-Mantel
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avi Karni
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Laboratory for Human Brain and Learning, Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,FMRI Unit, Diagnostic Radiology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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13
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Takahashi T, Nakamura M, Sasabayashi D, Nishikawa Y, Takayanagi Y, Nishiyama S, Higuchi Y, Furuichi A, Kido M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Reduced pineal gland volume across the stages of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:163-170. [PMID: 30527931 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reported reduced pineal gland volume in chronic schizophrenia (Sz), implicating the involvement of melatonin in the pathophysiology of the illness. However, it is not known whether this abnormality, if present, exists at the early illness stages and/or develops progressively over the course of the illness. This MRI study examined pineal gland volume in 64 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FESz), 40 patients with chronic Sz, 22 individuals with at-risk mental state (ARMS), and 84 healthy controls. Longitudinal changes in pineal volume (mean inter-scan interval = 2.5 ± 0.7 years) were also examined in a subsample of 23 FESz, 16 chronic Sz, and 21 healthy subjects. In the cross-sectional comparison, the ARMS, FESz, and chronic Sz groups had significantly smaller pineal volume to the same degree as compared with healthy controls. A longitudinal comparison demonstrated that pineal volume did not change over time in any group. There was no association between pineal volume and clinical variables (e.g., symptom severity, medication) in the ARMS and Sz groups. The results suggest that a smaller pineal gland may be a static vulnerability marker of Sz, which probably reflects an early neurodevelopmental abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shimako Nishiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuko Higuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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14
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Cipolla-Neto J, Amaral FGD. Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:990-1028. [PMID: 30215696 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. In vertebrates, besides being produced in peripheral tissues and acting as an autocrine and paracrine signal, melatonin is centrally synthetized by a neuroendocrine organ, the pineal gland. Independently of the considered species, pineal hormone melatonin is always produced during the night and its production and secretory episode duration are directly dependent on the length of the night. As its production is tightly linked to the light/dark cycle, melatonin main hormonal systemic integrative action is to coordinate behavioral and physiological adaptations to the environmental geophysical day and season. The circadian signal is dependent on its daily production regularity, on the contrast between day and night concentrations, and on specially developed ways of action. During its daily secretory episode, melatonin coordinates the night adaptive physiology through immediate effects and primes the day adaptive responses through prospective effects that will only appear at daytime, when melatonin is absent. Similarly, the annual history of the daily melatonin secretory episode duration primes the central nervous/endocrine system to the seasons to come. Remarkably, maternal melatonin programs the fetuses' behavior and physiology to cope with the environmental light/dark cycle and season after birth. These unique ways of action turn melatonin into a biological time-domain-acting molecule. The present review focuses on the above considerations, proposes a putative classification of clinical melatonin dysfunctions, and discusses general guidelines to the therapeutic use of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Wajszilber D, Santiseban JA, Gruber R. Sleep disorders in patients with ADHD: impact and management challenges. Nat Sci Sleep 2018; 10:453-480. [PMID: 30588139 PMCID: PMC6299464 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s163074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders in childhood, enduring through adolescence and adulthood and presenting with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity and significantly impairing functioning. Primary sleep disorders such as sleep-disordered breathing, restless leg syndrome, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, insomnia, and narcolepsy are commonly comorbid in these individuals but not often assessed and are therefore often left untreated. Sleep disturbances in individuals with ADHD can result in significant functional impairments that affect mood, attention, behavior, and ultimately school/work performance and quality of life. Previous reviews have described findings related to sleep but have neglected to examine potential impacts of these sleep disorders and ADHD on daytime functioning. This review investigates empirical findings pertaining to sleep abnormalities and related cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physical impairments in individuals with ADHD and comorbid primary sleep disorders across the life span. It discusses implications to management and highlights existing limitations and recommended future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Wajszilber
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada,
| | - José Arturo Santiseban
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, .,Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada,
| | - Reut Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, .,Attention Behavior and Sleep Lab, Douglas Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada,
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16
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A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9:129-147. [DOI: 10.1007/s12402-016-0214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Carissimi A, Martins AC, Dresch F, da Silva LC, Zeni CP, Hidalgo MP. School start time influences melatonin and cortisol levels in children and adolescents – a community-based study. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1400-1409. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1222537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Carissimi
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Castro Martins
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Fabiane Dresch
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Lilian Corrêa da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Cristian Patrick Zeni
- Child and Adolescent Mood Disorders Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal da Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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