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Dey A, Mete S, Banerjee S, Haldar U, Rajasekhar T, Srikanth K, Faust R, De P. Crystallinity of side-chain fatty acid containing block copolymers with polyisobutylene segment. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Yu H, Feng J, Tang P, Chen S, Wang Z, Wang Z, Jiang F. Combination of cellulose and plant oil toward sustainable bottlebrush copolymer elastomers with tunable mechanical performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1848-1857. [PMID: 35487380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, sustainable cellulose-g-poly(lauryl acrylate-co-acrylamide) [Cell-g-P(LA-co-AM)] bottlebrush copolymer elastomers derived from cellulose and plant oil were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results indicate that these thermally stable Cell-g-P(LA-co-AM) bottlebrush copolymer elastomers show adjustable melting temperatures. Monotonic and cyclic tensile tests suggest that the mechanical properties, including tensile strength, extensibility, Young's modulus, and elasticity, can be conveniently controlled by changing the LA/AM feed ratio and cellulose content. In such kind of bottlebrush copolymer elastomers, the rigid cellulose backbones act as cross-linking points to provide tensile strength. The incorporated PAM segments can form additional network structure via hydrogen bonding, resulting in enhanced tensile strength but decreased extensibility when more PAM segments are introduced. This versatile strategy can promote the development of sustainable cellulose-based bottlebrush copolymer elastomers from renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Yu
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Kajita T, Noro A, Oda R, Hashimoto S. Highly Impact-Resistant Block Polymer-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers with an Ionically Functionalized Rubber Phase. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2821-2830. [PMID: 35097278 PMCID: PMC8793043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There has been a great deal of interest in incorporating noncovalent bonding groups into elastomers to achieve high strength. However, the impact resistance of such elastomers has not been evaluated, even though it is a crucial mechanical property in practical usage, partly because a large-scale synthetic scheme has not been established. By ionizing the rubber component in polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene (SIS), we prepared several tens of grams of SIS-based elastomers with an ionically functionalized rubber phase and a sodium cation (i-SIS(Na)) or a bulky barium cation (i-SIS(Ba)). The i-SIS(Na) and i-SIS(Ba) exhibited very high tensile toughness of 520 and 280 MJ m-3, respectively. They also exhibited excellent compressive resistance. Moreover, i-SIS(Ba) was demonstrated to have a higher impact resistance, that is, more protective of a material being covered compared to covering by typical high-strength glass fiber-reinforced plastic. As such elastomers can be produced at an industrial scale, they have great market potential as next-generation elastomeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Kajita
- Department
of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Atsushi Noro
- Department
of Molecular & Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute
of Materials Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryoji Oda
- Zeon
Corporation, 1-6-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8246, Japan
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Hajiali F, Tajbakhsh S, Marić M. Epoxidized Block and Statistical Copolymers Reinforced by Organophosphorus-Titanium-Silicon Hybrid Nanoparticles: Morphology and Thermal and Mechanical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11679-11692. [PMID: 34056323 PMCID: PMC8153999 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and a mixture of alkyl methacrylates (average chain length of 13 carbons; termed C13MA; derived from vegetable oils) were copolymerized by nitroxide-mediated polymerization to form epoxidized statistical and block copolymers with similar compositions (F GMA ∼0.8), which were further cross-linked by a bio-based diamine. Hybrid plate-like nanoparticles containing organophosphorus-titanium-silicon (PTS) with an average size of ∼130 nm and high decomposition temperature (485 °C) were synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction to serve as additives to simultaneously enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the blend. Nanocomposites filled with PTS were prepared at different filler-loading levels (0.5, 2, 4 wt %). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the cured block copolymer displayed reaction-induced macrophase-separated domains. TEM also showed an effective dispersion of PTS hybrids in the matrix without intense agglomeration. Thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates revealed the activation energy of poly (GMA-stat-C13MA) at maximum decomposition increased from 143.5 to 327.2 kJ mol-1 with 4 wt % PTS. Decomposition temperature and char residue improved 12 °C and ∼7 wt %, respectively, and T g increased 12 °C by adding 4 wt % PTS. Targeting various PTS concentrations enabled tuning of the tensile modulus (up to 75%), tensile strength (up to 46%), and storage modulus in both glassy state (up to 59%) and rubbery plateau regions (up to 88%). Oscillatory frequency sweeps indicated that PTS makes the storage modulus frequency dependent, suggesting that the inclusion of the nanoparticles alters the relaxation of the surrounding matrix polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Tajbakhsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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Evolution of cell morphology from sub-macroscale to nanoscale in modified thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer via supercritical CO2 foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Extremely tough block polymer-based thermoplastic elastomers with strongly associated but dynamically responsive noncovalent cross-links. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Saxon DJ, Gormong EA, Shah VM, Reineke TM. Rapid Synthesis of Chemically Recyclable Polycarbonates from Renewable Feedstocks. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:98-103. [PMID: 35548994 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the rapid, one-pot synthesis of functional polycarbonates derived from renewable alcohols (i.e., glucose tetraacetate, acetyl isosorbide, lauryl alcohol, and ethanol) and a cyclic carbonate bearing an imidazolecarboxylate. This tandem functionalization/ring-opening polymerization strategy can be performed on multigram scale and eliminates the need for rigorous purification and specialized equipment. A wide range of glass transition temperatures (Tg) was accessible from these renewable pendant groups (>75 °C Tg window). We also synthesized several statistical copolycarbonates to show the thermal properties can be tailored with this tandem method. Additionally, we demonstrate a circular polymer economy via chemical recycling to a cyclic carbonate precursor. This work may facilitate development of sustainable polycarbonates with tailored properties that work toward eliminating plastic waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Saxon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ethan A. Gormong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vijay M. Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Gregory GL, Sulley GS, Carrodeguas LP, Chen TTD, Santmarti A, Terrill NJ, Lee KY, Williams CK. Triblock polyester thermoplastic elastomers with semi-aromatic polymer end blocks by ring-opening copolymerization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6567-6581. [PMID: 34094122 PMCID: PMC8159401 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers benefit from high elasticity and straightforward (re)processability; they are widely used across a multitude of sectors. Currently, the majority derive from oil, do not degrade or undergo chemical recycling. Here a new series of ABA triblock polyesters are synthesized and show high-performances as degradable thermoplastic elastomers; their composition is poly(cyclohexene-alt-phthalate)-b-poly(ε-decalactone)-b-poly(cyclohexene-alt-phthalate) {PE-PDL-PE}. The synthesis is accomplished using a zinc(ii)/magnesium(ii) catalyst, in a one-pot procedure where ε-decalactone ring-opening polymerization yielding dihydroxyl telechelic poly(ε-decalatone) (PDL, soft-block) occurs first and, then, addition of phthalic anhydride/cyclohexene oxide ring-opening copolymerization delivers semi-aromatic polyester (PE, hard-block) end-blocks. The block compositions are straightforward to control, from the initial monomer stoichiometry, and conversions are high (85-98%). Two series of polyesters are prepared: (1) TBPE-1 to TBPE-5 feature an equivalent hard-block volume fraction (f hard = 0.4) and variable molar masses 40-100 kg mol-1; (2) TBPE-5 to TBPE-9 feature equivalent molar masses (∼100 kg mol-1) and variable hard-block volume fractions (0.12 < f hard < 0.4). Polymers are characterized using spectroscopies, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). They are amorphous, with two glass transition temperatures (∼-51 °C for PDL; +138 °C for PE), and block phase separation is confirmed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Tensile mechanical performances reveal thermoplastic elastomers (f hard < 0.4 and N > 1300) with linear stress-strain relationships, high ultimate tensile strengths (σ b = 1-5 MPa), very high elongations at break (ε b = 1000-1900%) and excellent elastic recoveries (98%). There is a wide operating temperature range (-51 to +138 °C), an operable processing temperature range (+100 to +200 °C) and excellent thermal stability (T d,5% ∼ 300 °C). The polymers are stable in aqueous environments, at room temperature, but are hydrolyzed upon gentle heating (60 °C) and treatment with an organic acid (para-toluene sulfonic acid) or a common lipase (Novozyme® 51032). The new block polyesters show significant potential as sustainable thermoplastic elastomers with better properties than well-known styrenic block copolymers or polylactide-derived elastomers. The straightforward synthesis allows for other commercially available and/or bio-derived lactones, epoxides and anhydrides to be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Gregory
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Gregory S Sulley
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Thomas T D Chen
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alba Santmarti
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nicholas J Terrill
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot Harwell OX11 0DE UK
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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