1
|
Baessler F, Zafar A, Gargot T, da Costa MP, Biskup EM, De Picker L, Koelkebeck K, Riese F, Ryland H, Kazakova O, Birkle S, Kanellopoulos T, Grassl R, Braicu A, Schultz JH, Casanova Dias M. Psychiatry training in 42 European countries: A comparative analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 46:68-82. [PMID: 33678470 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatry qualifications are automatically recognized among European Union (EU) countries despite differences in national training programs. A widening gap between the number of psychiatrists, their competencies and the growing burden of mental illnesses in Europe has renewed calls for international standardization of training. Comprehensive information about training programs is missing, which limits thorough comparisons and undermines development of an actionable strategy to improve and harmonize psychiatry training. This study describes and compares the existing postgraduate psychiatry programs in 42 countries in the European region. Representatives of national psychiatry associations completed a semi-structured, 58-item questionnaire. Training structure and working conditions of each country were compared with population needs calculated by the World Health Organization to determine the European mean and contrasted among pre-2004 and post-2004 EU members and countries with unrecognized qualifications. Differences were tested with nonparametric (Wilcoxon) and parametric (Anova) tests. Median training duration was 60 months, significantly shorter in countries with unrecognized qualifications (48 months, χ²16.5, p < 0.001). In 80% of the countries, placement in a non-psychiatric specialty such as neurology or internal medicine was mandatory. Only 17 countries (40%) stipulated a one-month rotation in substance abuse and 11 (26%) in old-age psychiatry. The overall deficit of training versus population need was 22% for substance abuse and 15% for old-age psychiatry. Salaries were significantly higher in pre-2004 EU members (χ²22.9, p < 0.001) with the highest in Switzerland (€5,000). Significant variations in curricula, training structure and salaries exist in Europe. Harmonization of training standards could offer significant benefits for improving mental healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Baessler
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ali Zafar
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gargot
- Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Pitié Salpêtriére - Charles Foix, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 47/83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France; ISIR, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France; CHART Laboratory - EA 4004, TIM, Paris 8 University, 93526, Saint Denis, France
| | - Mariana Pinto da Costa
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Hospital de Magalhães Lemos, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ewelina Maria Biskup
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Basic Medical College, Shanghai, China; Division of Internal Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Livia De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Department Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Katja Koelkebeck
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Riese
- University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Howard Ryland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olga Kazakova
- Psychiatric Department, Psychiatric Clinic of Minsk City, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sarah Birkle
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thanos Kanellopoulos
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children`s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Roland Grassl
- University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Braicu
- National Centre for Mental Health, BSMHFT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jobst-Hendrik Schultz
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marisa Casanova Dias
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Russet F, Humbertclaude V, Davidovic Vrljicak N, Dieleman GC, Dodig-Ćurković K, Franic T, Gerritsen SE, de Girolamo G, Hendrickx G, Kerbage H, McNicholas F, Maras A, Paramala S, Paul M, Schandrin A, Schulze UME, Street C, Tuomainen H, Wolke D, Singh SP, Tremmery S, Purper-Ouakil D. Are Psychiatrists Trained to Address the Mental Health Needs of Young People Transitioning From Child to Adult Services? Insights From a European Survey. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:768206. [PMID: 35222101 PMCID: PMC8864158 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.768206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mental health, transition refers to the pathway of young people from child and adolescent to adult services. Training of mental health psychiatrists on transition-related topics offers the opportunity to improve clinical practice and experiences of young people reaching the upper age limit of child and adolescent care. METHODS National psychiatrist's organizations or experts from 21 European countries were surveyed 1/ to describe the status of transition in adult psychiatry (AP) and child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) postgraduate training in Europe; 2/ to explore the amount of cross-training between both specialties. This survey was a part of the MILESTONE project aiming to study and improve the transition process of young people at the service boundary. RESULTS Transition was a mandatory topic in the AP curriculum of 1/19 countries (5%) and in the CAP curriculum of 4/17 countries (24%). Most topics relevant for transition planning were addressed during AP training in 7/17 countries (41%) to 10/17 countries (59%), and during CAP training in 9/11 countries (82%) to 13/13 countries (100%). Depending on the training models, theoretical education in CAP was mandatory during AP training in 94% (15/16) to 100% of the countries (3/3); and in AP during CAP training in 81% (13/16) to 100% of the countries (3/3). Placements were mandatory in CAP during AP training in 67% (2/3) to 71% of the countries (12/17); and in AP during CAP training in 87% (13/15) to 100% of the countries (3/3). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Specific training about transition is limited during CAP and AP postgraduate training in Europe. Cross-training between both specialties offers a basis for improved communication between child and adult services but efforts should be sustained in practical training. Recommendations are provided to foster further development and meet the specific needs of young people transitioning to adult services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Russet
- CHU Montpellier-Saint Eloi, Médecine Psychologique de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Montpellier, France
| | - Veronique Humbertclaude
- CHU Montpellier-Saint Eloi, Médecine Psychologique de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gwen C Dieleman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Tomislav Franic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Suzanne E Gerritsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gaelle Hendrickx
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hala Kerbage
- CHU Montpellier-Saint Eloi, Médecine Psychologique de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Montpellier, France.,INSERM CESP U1018, Paris, France
| | - Fiona McNicholas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Medical Science and Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Athanasios Maras
- Yulius Academy, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Santosh Paramala
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,HealthTracker Ltd., Gillingham, United Kingdom
| | - Moli Paul
- Warwick Medical School, Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Stratford Child and Adolescent Health Service, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Stratford on Avon, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélie Schandrin
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Ulrike M E Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cathy Street
- Warwick Medical School, Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Tuomainen
- Warwick Medical School, Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Warwick Medical School, Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Swaran P Singh
- Warwick Medical School, Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Tremmery
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- CHU Montpellier-Saint Eloi, Médecine Psychologique de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Montpellier, France.,INSERM CESP U1018, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on quality assurance in mental healthcare. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 30:360-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurpose:To advance the quality of mental healthcare in Europe by developing guidance on implementing quality assurance.Methods:We performed a systematic literature search on quality assurance in mental healthcare and the 522 retrieved documents were evaluated by two independent reviewers (B.J. and J.Z.). Based on these evaluations, evidence tables were generated. As it was found that these did not cover all areas of mental healthcare, supplementary hand searches were performed for selected additional areas. Based on these findings, fifteen graded recommendations were developed and consented by the authors. Review by the EPA Guidance Committee and EPA Board led to two additional recommendations (on immigrant mental healthcare and parity of mental and physical healthcare funding).Results:Although quality assurance (measures to keep a certain degree of quality), quality control and monitoring (applying quality indicators to the current degree of quality), and quality management (coordinated measures and activities with regard to quality) are conceptually distinct, in practice they are frequently used as if identical and hardly separable. There is a dearth of controlled trials addressing ways to optimize quality assurance in mental healthcare. Altogether, seventeen recommendations were developed addressing a range of aspects of quality assurance in mental healthcare, which appear usable across Europe. These were divided into recommendations about structures, processes and outcomes. Each recommendation was assigned to a hierarchical level of analysis (macro-, meso- and micro-level).Discussion:There was a lack of evidence retrievable by a systematic literature search about quality assurance of mental healthcare. Therefore, only after further topics and search had been added it was possible to develop recommendations with mostly medium evidence levels.Conclusion:Evidence-based graded recommendations for quality assurance in mental healthcare were developed which should next be implemented and evaluated for feasibility and validity in some European countries. Due to the small evidence base identified corresponding to the practical obscurity of the concept and methods, a European research initiative is called for by the stakeholders represented in this Guidance to improve the educational, methodological and empirical basis for a future broad implementation of measures for quality assurance in European mental healthcare.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ng RMK, Hermans MHM, Belfort E, Bhugra D. A worldwide survey on training provisions for psychiatric trainees in WPA member associations. Int Rev Psychiatry 2020; 32:98-113. [PMID: 31549525 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1648241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This World Psychiatric Association (WPA) global survey of its WPA member society presidents using an online self-administered 15-item questionnaire successfully recruited 47 WPA member countries or regions (response rate = 39.8%) to provide responses about training provisions of psychiatric education at undergraduate, postgraduate, and post-qualified levels in their respective countries. There were significantly fewer responses from the low and middle income countries (LMIC) than the high income countries (HIC). At undergraduate level, the median duration of psychiatric education during medical school education was 4.0%. However, the current allocated time for psychiatric education was only around one-third to one-half of the time considered as optimal by the member countries or regions (optimal mean = 8.9%; optimal median = 10%). At the postgraduate level, the duration of training varied widely from 12-72 months, with a mean duration of 48 months. In 31% of the respondent countries, psychiatrists only required 36 or fewer months of post-graduate training. The number of months of training required for training a psychiatrist was significantly fewer in the LMIC than HIC. At post-qualified continuing medical education level, all respondents reported providing post-qualified continuing medical education. With the advent of internet technology, many respondents prefer having online training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger M K Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Edgard Belfort
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Caracas Psychiatric Centre, Venezuelan Central University, Caracus, Venezuela
| | - Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondon, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Education in psychiatry and practice varies hugely across Europe. Historical events and cultural differences, different languages and concepts about mental suffering, and mental healthcare organization in European countries have all contributed to the actual status. After presenting the legal framework and the role of major stakeholders, this review discusses failing initiatives, possible obstacles, and solutions to come to a more harmonized training. This review then gives an overview of the actual status of psychiatric training before shortly presenting the Task Force on Education in European Psychiatry. Initiatives to train the trainers, the introductions of newer teaching modalities in postgraduate training, and the role of the European Psychiatric Association in continuous medical education precede the conclusion.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hendrickx G, De Roeck V, Russet F, Dieleman G, Franic T, Maras A, McNicholas F, Paul M, Santosh P, Schulze U, Signorini G, Singh SP, Street C, Tuomainen H, Verhulst F, Wolke D, Purper-Ouakil D, Tremmery S. Transition as a topic in psychiatry training throughout Europe: trainees' perspectives. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:41-49. [PMID: 30852723 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of adolescents with mental health problems do not experience continuity of care when they reach the transition boundary of their child and adolescent mental health service. One of the obstacles for a smooth transition to adult mental health services concerns the lack of training for health-care professionals involved in the transition process. This study aims to seek psychiatric trainees' opinions regarding training on transition and the knowledge and skills required for managing transition. A survey was distributed to trainees residing in European countries. Trainees from 36 countries completed the questionnaire, of which 63% reported that they came into contact with youth and young adults (16-26 years) during their clinical practice. Twenty-seven percent of trainees stated they have good to very good knowledge about the transition process. Theoretical training about transition was reported in only 17% of the countries, and practical training in 28% of the countries. Ninety-four percent of trainees indicated that further training about transition is necessary. The content of subsequent transition-related training can be guided by the findings of the MILESTONE project.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Hendrickx
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Veronique De Roeck
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Russet
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gwen Dieleman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomislav Franic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Athanasios Maras
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Yulius Academy, Yulius Mental Health Organization, Barendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona McNicholas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.,Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.,Lucena Clinic SJOG, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Moli Paul
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrike Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giulia Signorini
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy
| | - Swaran P Singh
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Cathy Street
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Frank Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Tremmery
- Department of Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barrett E, Jacobs B, Klasen H, Herguner S, Agnafors S, Banjac V, Bezborodovs N, Cini E, Hamann C, Huscsava MM, Kostadinova M, Kramar Y, Maravic VM, McGrath J, Molteni S, Moron-Nozaleda MG, Mudra S, Nikolova G, Vorkas KP, Prata AT, Revet A, Joseph JR, Serbak R, Tomac A, Van den Steene H, Xylouris G, Zielinska A, Hebebrand J. The child and adolescent psychiatry: study of training in Europe (CAP-STATE). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:11-27. [PMID: 31845068 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is great cultural diversity across Europe. This is reflected in the organisation of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) services and the training of the respective professionals in different countries in Europe. Patients and their parents will want a high quality, knowledgeable, and skillful service from child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs) wherever they see them in Europe. A European comparison of training programs allows all stakeholders in different European countries to assess the diversity and to initiate discussions as to the introduction of improvements within national training programs. Major issues to be addressed in comparing child and adolescent psychiatric training programs across Europe include: (1) formal organisation and content of training programs and the relationship to adult psychiatry and paediatrics; (2) flexibility of training, given different trainee interests and that many trainees will have young families; (3) quality of governance of training systems; (4) access to research; and (5) networking. The Child and Adolescent Psychiatry-Study of Training in Europe (CAP-State) is a survey of training for child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs) across European countries. It aims to revisit and extend the survey carried out in 2006 by Karabekiroglu and colleagues. The current article is embedded in a special issue of European Child + Adolescent Psychiatry attempting to for the first time address training in CAP at the European and global levels. Structured information was sought from each of 38 European and neighboring countries (subsequently loosely referred to as Europe) and obtained from 31. The information was provided by a senior trainee or recently qualified specialist and their information was checked and supplemented by information from a senior child and adolescent psychiatry trainer. Results showed that there is a very wide range of provision of training in child and adolescent psychiatry in different countries in Europe. There remains very substantial diversity in training across Europe and in the degree to which it is subject to national oversight and governance. Some possible reasons for this variation are discussed and some recommendations made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barrett
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Child and Adolescent Liaison Psychiatry, Children's University Hospital, Temple St., Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Brian Jacobs
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.,Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS-CAP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henrikje Klasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sabri Herguner
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sara Agnafors
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Visnja Banjac
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, Radoja Domanovica 21, Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nikita Bezborodovs
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Tvaika iela 2, Riga, 1005, Latvia
| | - Erica Cini
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, East London Foundation Trust, East London Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christoph Hamann
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Forschungsabteilung KJP UPD Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Haus A, 3000, Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes M Huscsava
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maya Kostadinova
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Sofia, Bulgaria.,DNCC CAMHS, 44 North Great George's Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Yuliia Kramar
- TMA ''PSYCHIATRY", Kirilivska str. 103, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Vanja Mandic Maravic
- Department for Psychotic Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jane McGrath
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Linn Dara Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Cherry Orchard Hospital, Ballyfermot, Dublin 10, Ireland
| | - Silvia Molteni
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Goretti Moron-Nozaleda
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Neurodevelopment Outpatient Clinic and Day Hospital for Pre-pubertal Children, Niño Jesús Children's Hospital, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, av/Menéndez Pelayo 65, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanne Mudra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy und Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W35, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gordana Nikolova
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinic of Psychiatry, Belgradska b.b, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Kallistheni Pantelidou Vorkas
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, President of Cypriot Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 77, Kennedy Ave, 1076, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ana Teresa Prata
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specialty, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexis Revet
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU de Toulouse), UMR1027, INSERM, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Judeson Royle Joseph
- Child and Adolescent Psyciatric Department, University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Reelika Serbak
- Child Psychiatrist, Tallinn Children´s Hospital, Tervise 28, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aran Tomac
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and in General (Adult) Psychiatry, CAMHS Clare, Unit 6, Quin Rd. Business Pk. Quin Rd., Ennis, Ireland
| | - Helena Van den Steene
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Georgios Xylouris
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, General Childrens Hospital "Agia Sophia", Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Zielinska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Public Pediatric Teaching Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A, Żwirki i Wigury Str., 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Russet F, Humbertclaude V, Dieleman G, Dodig-Ćurković K, Hendrickx G, Kovač V, McNicholas F, Maras A, Paramala S, Paul M, Schulze UME, Signorini G, Street C, Tah P, Tuomainen H, Singh SP, Tremmery S, Purper-Ouakil D. Training of adult psychiatrists and child and adolescent psychiatrists in europe: a systematic review of training characteristics and transition from child/adolescent to adult mental health services. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:204. [PMID: 31196080 PMCID: PMC6567390 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profound clinical, conceptual and ideological differences between child and adult mental health service models contribute to transition-related discontinuity of care. Many of these may be related to psychiatry training. METHODS A systematic review on General Adult Psychiatry (GAP) and Child and Adult Psychiatry (CAP) training in Europe, with a particular focus on transition as a theme in GAP and CAP training. RESULTS Thirty-four full-papers, six abstracts and seven additional full text documents were identified. Important variations between countries were found across several domains including assessment of trainees, clinical and educational supervision, psychotherapy training and continuing medical education. Three models of training were identified: i) a generalist common training programme; ii) totally separate training programmes; iii) mixed types. Only two national training programs (UK and Ireland) were identified to have addressed transition as a topic, both involving CAP exclusively. CONCLUSION Three models of training in GAP and CAP across Europe are identified, suggesting that the harmonization is not yet realised and a possible barrier to improving transitional care. Training in transition has only recently been considered. It is timely, topical and important to develop evidence-based training approaches on transitional care across Europe into both CAP and GAP training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Russet
- CHU Montpellier-Saint Eloi, Médecine Psychologique de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, 80, Av Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Veronique Humbertclaude
- CHU Montpellier-Saint Eloi, Médecine Psychologique de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, 80, Av Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gwen Dieleman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gaelle Hendrickx
- Department of Neurosciences, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fiona McNicholas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Medical Science and Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Athanasios Maras
- Yulius Academy, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Santosh Paramala
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
- HealthTracker Ltd, Gillingham, UK
| | - Moli Paul
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Stratford Child and Adolescent Health Service, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Stratford on Avon, UK
| | - Ulrike M. E. Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giulia Signorini
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cathy Street
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Priya Tah
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Helena Tuomainen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Swaran P. Singh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sabine Tremmery
- Department of Neurosciences, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- CHU Montpellier-Saint Eloi, Médecine Psychologique de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, 80, Av Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van der Aa JE, Tancredi A, Goverde AJ, Velebil P, Feyereisl J, Benedetto C, Teunissen PW, Scheele F. What European gynaecologists need to master: Consensus on medical expertise outcomes of pan-European postgraduate training in obstetrics & gynaecology. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 216:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
10
|
Gargot T, Dondé C, Arnaoutoglou NA, Klotins R, Marinova P, Silva R, Sönmez E. How is psychotherapy training perceived by psychiatric trainees? A cross-sectional observational study in Europe. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 45:136-138. [PMID: 28756112 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Gargot
- Département de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France; Laboratoire Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Université UPMC, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - C Dondé
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 69500 Bron, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - N A Arnaoutoglou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, Oxford, UK
| | - R Klotins
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, Adult Department, 120 Belsize Lane, London NW3 5BA, UK
| | - P Marinova
- Private psychiatric practice, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Silva
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health of the Baixo Vouga Hospital Centre, Avenida Artur Ravara, 3814-501 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Sönmez
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | -
- EFPT Psychotherapy Working Group 2016-2017, European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees, avenue de la Couronne, 201050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baumann P, Spies M, Möller HJ, Kasper S, Bitter I, Laux G. A proposal for a psychopharmacology-pharmacotherapy catalogue of learning objectives and a curriculum in Europe. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:29-38. [PMID: 26850137 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2016.1149219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Post-graduate training for specialisation in psychiatry and psychotherapy is part of a 4-6-year programme. This paper aims to inform on the general situation of teaching and training of psychopharmacology-psychopharmacotherapy in Europe. It presents the need for a psychopharmacotherapy education in psychiatric training programmes. Arguments as well as a proposal for a catalogue of learning objectives and an outline of a psychopharmacology curriculum are presented. Methods Based on their experience and on an analysis of the literature, the authors, experts in psychopharmacology-pharmacotherapy teaching, critically analyse the present situation and propose the development of a curriculum at the European level. Results Teaching programmes vary widely between European countries and, generally, teaching of psychopharmacology and pharmacotherapy does not exceed two-dozen hours. This is insufficient if one considers the central importance of psychopharmacology. A psychopharmacology-psychopharmacotherapy curriculum for the professional training of specialists in psychiatry and psychotherapy is proposed. Conclusions As the number of hours of theoretical teaching and practical training is insufficient, a catalogue of learning objectives should be established, which would then be part of a comprehensive curriculum at the European level. It could be inspired partly by those few previously proposed by other groups of authors and organisations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Baumann
- a Department of Psychiatry (DP-CHUV) , University of Lausanne, Site de Cery , Prilly-Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Marie Spies
- b Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- b Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Istvan Bitter
- d Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gerd Laux
- e Institute of Psychological Medicine (IPM), Haag i.OB, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Driessen M, Hötger B, Kronmüller K, Fliegel S, Münstermann S, Schelp B, Schaeffer S, Breder R, Norra C, Vieten B, Bender S. [Specialist Training in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy : Evaluation of the East Westphalia-Lippe Academy curriculum]. DER NERVENARZT 2016; 88:1259-1265. [PMID: 27550388 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite of the undisputed impact of education quality on becoming a specialist in psychiatry and psychotherapist, systematic studies in this field do not exist in Germany, apart from the evaluation of practical education by the medical councils. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Akademie-OWL, an education union of psychiatric clinics in the East Westphalia region of Germany, has provided 12-item questionnaire-based routine evaluations of theoretical education seminars since 2009. Seminars are held by consultants of psychiatry and psychotherapy within six separate weeks over a period of four years. All lecturers receive feedback from the evaluation. The results of this ongoing evaluation are presented using a typical example and in an aggregated format as a time series on the basis of one global item. RESULTS The data show that (1) the full range of a five-point Likert scale is used by the candidates, (2) psychiatric competences of the lecturers are more positively evaluated than their didactic competences, (3) neither within the four-years period of psychiatric education nor between different generations of candidates are systematic changes of evaluation results observed, and (4) minor to moderate differences of evaluation were observed between the different thematic fields of psychiatry and psychotherapy. DISCUSSION These results indicate the need of more systematic education research on establishing valid and reliable specific instruments as well as the need of systematic training of didactic competences of teaching consultants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Driessen
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Bethel, Ev. Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Remterweg 69-71, 33649, Bielefeld, Deutschland.
| | - B Hötger
- LWL-Klinik Marsberg, Marsberg, Deutschland
| | | | - S Fliegel
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - S Münstermann
- Ausbildungszentrum für Psychologische Psychotherapeuten OWL, Bielefeld, Deutschland
| | - B Schelp
- Ausbildungszentrum für Psychologische Psychotherapeuten OWL, Bielefeld, Deutschland
| | - S Schaeffer
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Bethel, Ev. Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Remterweg 69-71, 33649, Bielefeld, Deutschland
| | - R Breder
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Bethel, Ev. Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Remterweg 69-71, 33649, Bielefeld, Deutschland
- Ausbildungszentrum für Psychologische Psychotherapeuten OWL, Bielefeld, Deutschland
| | - C Norra
- LWL-Klinik Paderborn, Paderborn, Deutschland
| | - B Vieten
- LWL-Klinik Paderborn, Paderborn, Deutschland
| | - S Bender
- LWL-Klinik Marsberg, Marsberg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fiorillo A, Sampogna G, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Ambrosini A, Stanghellini G. Education in Psychopathology in Europe: Results from a Survey in 32 Countries. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2016; 40:242-248. [PMID: 25895631 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-015-0333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present paper is to assess the current status of training on psychopathology in Europe and to identify the unmet needs of training on psychopathology. METHODS An online survey was carried out during the period July-December 2013. Forty-one representatives of early career psychiatrists of their national associations were invited to participate. Each respondent was asked to provide the collective feedback of the association rather than that of any of its individual officer or member. RESULTS Thirty-two associations returned the questionnaire out of the 41 contacted (response rate, 78%). All respondents recognized psychopathology as a core component of training in psychiatry. According to respondents, the primary aims of psychopathology are (a) to assess psychiatric symptoms (47%), (b) to understand patients' abnormal experiences (33%), and (c) to make nosographical diagnosis (20%). A formal training course in psychopathology is available in 29 out of the 32 surveyed countries. In most countries, (a) there is not a defined number of hours dedicated to psychopathology, (b) teaching is mainly theoretical, and (c) a structured training on psychometric tools is missing. At the end of the training, about half of trainees is not satisfied with received training in psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS According to European early career psychiatrists, there is the need to rethink training in psychopathology, which should be at the heart of training in psychiatry and the key element of psychiatric practice. Education in psychopathology is affected by several unmet needs, such as lack of appropriate training in the use of psychometric instruments, lack of supervision, and lack of practical skills.
Collapse
|
14
|
Möller-Leimkühler AM, Möller HJ, Maier W, Gaebel W, Falkai P. EPA guidance on improving the image of psychiatry. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:139-54. [PMID: 26874959 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores causes, explanations and consequences of the negative image of psychiatry and develops recommendations for improvement. It is primarily based on a WPA guidance paper on how to combat the stigmatization of psychiatry and psychiatrists and a Medline search on related publications since 2010. Furthermore, focussing on potential causes and explanations, the authors performed a selective literature search regarding additional image-related issues such as mental health literacy and diagnostic and treatment issues. Underestimation of psychiatry results from both unjustified prejudices of the general public, mass media and healthcare professionals and psychiatry's own unfavourable coping with external and internal concerns. Issues related to unjustified devaluation of psychiatry include overestimation of coercion, associative stigma, lack of public knowledge, need to simplify complex mental issues, problem of the continuum between normality and psychopathology, competition with medical and non-medical disciplines and psychopharmacological treatment. Issues related to psychiatry's own contribution to being underestimated include lack of a clear professional identity, lack of biomarkers supporting clinical diagnoses, limited consensus about best treatment options, lack of collaboration with other medical disciplines and low recruitment rates among medical students. Recommendations are proposed for creating and representing a positive self-concept with different components. The negative image of psychiatry is not only due to unfavourable communication with the media, but is basically a problem of self-conceptualization. Much can be improved. However, psychiatry will remain a profession with an exceptional position among the medical disciplines, which should be seen as its specific strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Möller-Leimkühler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - H-J Möller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brittlebank A, Hermans M, Bhugra D, Pinto da Costa M, Rojnic-Kuzman M, Fiorillo A, Kurimay T, Hanon C, Wasserman D, van der Gaag RJ. Training in psychiatry throughout Europe. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:155-64. [PMID: 26880078 PMCID: PMC4757612 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatry is the largest medical specialty in Europe. Despite efforts to bring harmonisation, training in psychiatry in Europe continues to be very diverse. The Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes (UEMS) has issued as from 2000 a charter of requirements for the training in psychiatry with an additional European Framework for Competencies in Psychiatry in 2009. Yet these have not been implemented throughout Europe. In this paper, the diversity in training throughout Europe is approached from different angles: the cultural differences between countries with regards to how mental health care is considered and founded on, the cultural differences between people throughout Europe in all states. The position of psychotherapy is emphasised. What once was the cornerstone of psychiatry as medical specialty seems to have become a neglected area. Seeing the patient with mental health problems within his cultural context is important, but considering him within his family context. The purpose of any training is enabling the trainee to gain the knowledge and acquire the competencies necessary to become a well-equipped professional is the subject of the last paragraph in which trainees consider their position and early career psychiatrists look back to see whether what they were trained in matches with what they need in the working situation. Common standard for training and certification are a necessity within Europe, for the benefit of the profession of psychiatrist but also for patient safety. UEMS is advised to join forces with the Council of National Psychiatric Associations (NPAs) within the EPA and trainings and early career psychiatrist, to discuss with the users what standards should be implemented in all European countries and how a European board examination could ensure professional quality of psychiatrists throughout the continent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brittlebank
- Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria, UK
- Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
| | | | - Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - Tamas Kurimay
- Institute of Behaviour Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cecile Hanon
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du sujet âgé - Hôpital Corentin Celton Hôpitaux, Universitaires Paris-Ouest, Nanterre, France
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Prevention of Suicide and Mental Ill-health (NASP), Stockholm, Sweden
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Methods Development and Training in Suicide Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baessler F, Riese F, Pinto da Costa M, de Picker L, Kazakova O, Kanellopoulos A, Grassl R, Gargot T, Casanova Dias M. Becoming a psychiatrist in Europe: the title is recognized across the European Union, but what are the differences in training, salary and working hours? World Psychiatry 2015; 14:372-3. [PMID: 26407800 PMCID: PMC4592667 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Riese
- Division of Psychiatry Research and Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Livia de Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Olga Kazakova
- Psychiatric Department, Psychiatric Clinic of Minsk CityMinsk, Belarus
| | | | - Roland Grassl
- University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychotherapyVienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gargot
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, Hôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreParis, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|